CN111286365A - Multi-class solid waste comprehensive disposal method and system for gasification power generation and cement production - Google Patents
Multi-class solid waste comprehensive disposal method and system for gasification power generation and cement production Download PDFInfo
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- CN111286365A CN111286365A CN202010246804.5A CN202010246804A CN111286365A CN 111286365 A CN111286365 A CN 111286365A CN 202010246804 A CN202010246804 A CN 202010246804A CN 111286365 A CN111286365 A CN 111286365A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
- C10J2300/123—Heating the gasifier by electromagnetic waves, e.g. microwaves
- C10J2300/1238—Heating the gasifier by electromagnetic waves, e.g. microwaves by plasma
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Abstract
The invention provides a comprehensive disposal method and a comprehensive disposal system for multi-class solid wastes generated by the cooperation of gasification and power generation and cement production, and belongs to the technical field of comprehensive disposal of solid wastes. Pretreating the solid wastes of different types, proportionally mixing the solid wastes according to the heat value level of the solid wastes of different types, reducing the water content through biological drying, and properly adding a heat value adjusting substance to ensure that the heat value of the solid wastes reaches the level capable of meeting the long-time stable operation requirement of the plasma gasification equipment. The organic components in the solid waste derivatives are gasified into synthesis gas by adopting a plasma gasification technology, and the inorganic components generate glassy harmless slag. The obtained high-temperature synthesis gas is purified and then used for gas power generation, and the generated slag is used as a raw material for cement production. The method comprehensively disposes various types of solid wastes, meets the requirement of long-time stable operation of the plasma gasification equipment, and realizes reduction, recycling and harmlessness of the solid wastes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of comprehensive treatment of solid wastes, and particularly relates to a comprehensive disposal method and a comprehensive disposal system for multi-class solid wastes in cooperation with gasification power generation and cement production.
Background
The solid waste (referred to as "solid waste") refers to solid, semi-solid and gaseous articles and substances placed in a container, which are thrown up or abandoned, and articles and substances which are brought into the solid waste management by national laws and regulations, wherein the articles and substances lose the original utilization value or are not lost in the production and life of human beings. The solid waste is classified according to the source of the solid waste, and mainly comprises domestic garbage, industrial waste (including but not limited to industrial slag, fly ash, coal gangue, coal slime, chemical hazardous waste, metallurgical waste and the like), and agricultural waste. In addition, the national records of dangerous waste list classifies 49 types of solid wastes including medical wastes, waste drugs, organic solvent wastes, waste mineral oils, and the like as dangerous wastes.
The disposal of solid waste complies with the principle of reduction, reclamation and harmlessness, and at present, the disposal of solid waste mainly comprises three modes: the sanitary landfill can meet the treatment requirements of most solid wastes as a main mode for treating solid waste, but the sanitary landfill has low investment cost, long treatment period and large occupied area, and has certain requirements on treatment of penetrating fluid, methane, hydrogen sulfide and the like. With the continuous development of economic society, the places for filling garbage are more and more short, and sanitary filling cannot meet the increasing disposal requirements of solid waste gas. The composting method can realize the resource treatment of partial domestic garbage and agricultural wastes, but has narrow treatment range and cannot be applied in large scale. The incineration method can recycle organic components in the garbage as resources, has short treatment period, but has high equipment construction and operation cost, is easy to cause secondary pollution due to slag, tail gas and the like generated after incineration, generates carcinogens such as dioxin with high concentration and the like, and limits the development of garbage incineration.
In the prior art, for example, the chinese patent with application number 201410111571.2 discloses a system and a method for co-processing municipal solid waste by a cement kiln, after fermenting, sorting, crushing and drying the solid waste, gasifying the solid waste by a downdraft fixed bed gasification furnace, generating electricity by synthetic gas generated after gasifying through a gas turbine, supplying the electricity to cement production line equipment, and feeding ash generated by gasifying into a cement production line for absorption. However, firstly, the components of the domestic garbage are complex, and the pretreatment of the domestic garbage consumes large manpower and material resources, and secondly, the total amount of ash slag generated in the traditional gasification process added into a cement production line is limited by factors such as process control of cement production, cement quality and the like. For another example, it is reported that domestic waste is directly consumed by a cement production rotary kiln, or tail gas generated by burning waste is introduced into the cement production rotary kiln for high-temperature treatment, but these measures undoubtedly have a great influence on the process management of cement production, and the total waste consumption is limited. And the scheme is suitable for treating the household garbage, and the treatment of industrial waste is difficult to realize.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a comprehensive disposal method for multi-class solid wastes generated by the cooperation of gasification and power generation and cement production, so as to solve the technical problems of limited total consumption and single consumption class in the co-disposal of the solid wastes in a cement plant in the prior art.
The invention also provides a multi-class solid waste comprehensive disposal system for the gasification power generation and cement production.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a comprehensive disposal method for multi-class solid waste generated by cooperation of gasification power generation and cement production comprises the following steps:
solid waste pretreatment: sorting, screening, crushing, sterilizing and disinfecting the solid wastes of different types respectively;
preparation of solid waste mixture: mixing solid wastes with different calorific value levels, carrying out biological drying, and adding a calorific value regulating substance into the mixture to obtain a solid waste derivative;
plasma gasification: carrying out pyrolysis gasification on the solid waste derivative by adopting a plasma gasification technology to obtain synthetic gas and slag of a vitreous body;
gas power generation: purifying the synthesis gas obtained in the step of 'plasma gasification', and then generating power through a gas turbine;
slag digestion: and (4) sending the slag of the vitreous body obtained in the step of 'plasma gasification' into a cement production line for consumption.
Preferably, it is characterized in that, in the step of "solid waste mixture preparation", the calorific value adjusting substance is at least one of coke, low-quality coal, heavy petroleum oil, tar.
Preferably, in the step "slag digestion", the slag of the vitreous body is fed to one of a raw mill, a rotary kiln and a cement mill in the cement production line according to the quality of the slag.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
generating power by waste heat: and generating power by using the sensible heat of the synthesis gas obtained in the step of 'plasma gasification' and the sensible heat of the tail gas of the gas turbine in the step of 'gas power generation'.
Preferably, in the step of "gas power generation" and the step of "waste heat power generation", the obtained electric energy is used for supplying part or all of the equipment used in the multi-class solid waste comprehensive disposal method for the gasification power generation and cement production.
A multi-class solid waste comprehensive disposal system for gasification power generation and cement production comprises a solid waste pretreatment subsystem, a plasma gasification subsystem, a power generation subsystem and a cement production subsystem;
the solid waste pretreatment subsystem comprises a plurality of solid waste pretreatment devices and solid waste mixing and drying devices, the solid waste pretreatment devices are used for temporarily storing different types of solid wastes and carrying out safety-based treatment aiming at the types of the solid wastes, and the solid waste mixing and drying devices are used for mixing and drying the different types of solid wastes to obtain solid waste derivatives with stable heat values;
the plasma gasification subsystem comprises a plasma gasification furnace and a slag cooling device, wherein a feed inlet of the plasma gasification furnace is connected with the solid waste mixing and drying device, and the slag cooling device is connected with a slag discharge outlet of the plasma gasification furnace;
the power generation subsystem comprises a first waste heat power generation device, a synthetic gas purification device and a fuel gas power generation device, the first waste heat power generation device is connected with a synthetic gas discharge end of the plasma gasification furnace and is used for generating power by utilizing sensible heat of the synthetic gas produced by the plasma gasification furnace, the synthetic gas purification device is connected with the first waste heat power generation device and is used for purifying the synthetic gas produced by the plasma gasification furnace, and the fuel gas power generation device is connected with the synthetic gas purification device and is used for generating power by utilizing the synthetic gas produced by the plasma gasification furnace;
the cement production subsystem comprises a raw material mill, a rotary kiln, a cement mill and a tail gas purification device, wherein the raw material mill, the rotary kiln and the cement mill are respectively connected with the slag cooling device, and the tail gas purification device is communicated with the gas power generation device.
Preferably, the solid waste mixing and drying device comprises:
the layered fermentation stacking tank is respectively connected with each solid waste pretreatment device through a solid waste conveying device;
the mixed biological drying tank is arranged close to the layered fermentation stacking tank; and
transport the grab bucket, transport the grab bucket set up in the pond top is stacked in the layering fermentation, and can move extremely mix biological drying pond top.
Preferably, the layered fermentation stacking tank and/or the mixed biological drying tank comprises a drying tank body, a percolate diversion slope and a percolate collecting tank; the drying tank body is formed by surrounding a drying tank wall and a drying tank bottom, and the drying tank wall is provided with a percolate precipitation filter hole; the percolate guide slope is annularly arranged around the drying pool body and is provided with a slope surface of 10-60 degrees, and the highest position of the percolate guide slope is flush with the bottom of the drying pool; the leachate collecting tank is annularly arranged on the outer side of the leachate diversion slope, and the notch of the leachate collecting tank is flush with the lowest part of the leachate diversion slope.
Preferably, the synthesis gas purification device is provided with a fly ash collection assembly, and the fly ash collection assembly is connected with the rotary kiln.
Preferably, the electric energy generated by the power generation subsystem is used for providing electricity for all or part of the solid waste pretreatment subsystem, the plasma gasification subsystem, the power generation subsystem and the cement production subsystem.
Preferably, the power generation subsystem further comprises a second waste heat power generation device, and the second waste heat power generation device is connected with the gas power generation device and the tail gas purification device and is used for generating power by using sensible heat of tail gas generated by the gas power generation device.
According to the technical scheme, the invention provides a comprehensive disposal method and a comprehensive disposal system for multi-class solid waste generated by cooperation of gasification and power generation and cement production, and the method has the beneficial effects that: different types of solid waste, including but not limited to domestic waste, medical waste, agricultural and forestry waste and industrial solid waste are respectively subjected to sorting, screening, crushing, disinfection and sterilizationAfter pretreatment of bacteria and the like, proportionally mixing according to the heat value levels of different types of solid wastes, reducing the water content of a solid waste mixture through biological drying, and properly adding a heat value adjusting substance to enable the heat value of the solid waste to reach the level capable of meeting the long-time stable operation requirement of plasma gasification equipment, thereby obtaining the solid waste derivative. Gasifying organic components in the solid waste derivatives into synthesis gas (mainly comprising CO and H) at high temperature by adopting a plasma gasification technology2) While the inorganic components produce a glassy, harmless slag. The obtained high-temperature synthesis gas is purified and then used for gas power generation, and the generated slag is used as a raw material for cement production and can be selectively added into a raw material mill, a rotary kiln and a cement mill in the cement production process according to the quality of the slag.
According to the comprehensive treatment method and the comprehensive treatment system for the multi-class solid wastes in the gasification power generation and cement production, on one hand, the multi-class solid wastes are comprehensively treated, especially the industrial solid wastes which are difficult to be utilized are cooperatively treated, and the treatment pressure of the solid wastes is relieved. On the other hand, the solid waste derivative with relatively stable heat value is obtained, the requirement of long-time stable operation of the plasma gasification equipment is met, and the reduction, the recycling and the harmlessness of the solid waste are realized. After the solid waste derivatives are gasified by the plasma, the generated glassy harmless slag can be directly used as a raw material for cement production, so that the demand of the cement production process on mineral resources is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block flow diagram of a multi-class solid waste integrated disposal system for gasification power generation in conjunction with cement production.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the layered stacking of different types of solid waste.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a solid waste mixing and drying device.
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a layered fermentation and stacking tank or the mixed biological drying tank.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the wall of the drying tank.
In the figure: an agricultural and forestry waste accumulation layer 501, a first domestic waste accumulation layer 502, an industrial solid waste accumulation layer 503, a second domestic waste accumulation layer 504, a high-heat value adsorption layer 505, a multi-class solid waste comprehensive disposal system 1 for gasification power generation and cement production, a solid waste pretreatment subsystem 10, a solid waste pretreatment device 11, a solid waste mixing and drying device 12, a layered fermentation and stacking tank 121, a mixed biological drying tank 122, a transfer grab bucket 123, a crown block 1231, a rail 1232, a solid waste conveying device 124, a drying tank body 610, a percolate precipitation filter hole 601, a drying tank wall 611, a tank wall body 6111, a filter screen support part 61111, a percolate flow guide and filter component 6112, a large solid waste filter screen 61121, a flow guide filler 61122, a drying tank bottom 612, a percolate flow guide slope 620, a percolate collection structure 621, a percolate collection tank 630, a plasma gasification subsystem 20, a gasification furnace 21, a plasma gasification furnace, a high-temperature energy storage tank, a high-, The system comprises a slag cooling device 22, a power generation subsystem 30, a first waste heat power generation device 31, a synthesis gas purification device 32, a gas power generation device 33, a second waste heat power generation device 34, a cement production subsystem 40, a raw material mill 41, a rotary kiln 42, a cement mill 43 and a tail gas purification device 44.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme and the technical effect of the invention are further elaborated in the following by combining the drawings of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, in an embodiment, a method for comprehensively disposing multi-class solid wastes generated by the cooperation of gasification power generation and cement production includes the following steps:
s10, solid waste pretreatment: and respectively carrying out sorting, screening, crushing, sterilizing and disinfecting operations on the solid wastes of different types.
Specifically, the different types of solid wastes include but are not limited to domestic wastes, medical wastes, agricultural and forestry wastes, and industrial solid wastes, and according to the characteristics of the different types of solid wastes, the solid wastes are disposed based on safety considerations, for example, the domestic wastes are sorted and screened, the resource substances in the domestic wastes are recovered, and then the domestic wastes are crushed; sterilizing and disinfecting medical wastes, and crushing; crushing the agricultural and forestry waste and the industrial solid waste, and the like.
S20, preparation of solid waste mixture: and mixing the solid wastes with different calorific values, carrying out biological drying, and adding a calorific value regulating substance into the mixture to obtain the solid waste derivative.
Specifically, solid wastes having different calorific value levels are mixed in a predetermined ratio, wherein the treatment of domestic waste is mainly performed, and the auxiliary treatment of medical waste and industrial solid waste with a small amount of production is performed, for example, based on 500t domestic waste per day, 1 to 5 ten thousand tons of medical waste and 5 to 15 ten thousand tons of industrial solid waste are expected to be co-treated each year. The industrial solid waste includes, but is not limited to, metallurgical slag, fly ash, chemical waste, peat, sulfur-containing waste gypsum, and the like. The mixed solid waste is subjected to biological drying, the water content is reduced, the calorific value is improved, and calorific value regulating substances with high calorific value, including but not limited to coke, low-quality coal, heavy petroleum and tar, are added into the mixed solid waste according to the working condition requirement of a plasma gasification device (particularly a plasma gasification furnace) so as to regulate the calorific value of finally generated solid waste derivatives to be more than 8500kJ/kg, so that the plasma gasification device can be provided with raw material supply with stable calorific value, and the plasma gasification device can stably run for a long time.
Referring to fig. 2, for example, the agricultural and forestry waste (especially the crop straw waste) is cut into pieces, and the pieces with length of 1cm to 5cm are selected and stacked at the bottom of the fermentation tank with a stacking height of 0.2m to 0.5m to form an agricultural and forestry waste stacking layer 501. The domestic garbage is laid above the agricultural and forestry waste accumulation layer 501 with the thickness of 0.5 m-1.0 m to form a first domestic garbage accumulation layer 502. At least one of industrial solid waste including but not limited to fly ash, metallurgical slag, chemical waste and desulfurized gypsum is laid on the first domestic waste stacking layer 502 to a thickness of 0.05m to 0.2m, so as to form an industrial solid waste stacking layer 503. And paving domestic garbage on the industrial solid waste accumulation layer 503 to form a second domestic garbage accumulation layer 504, wherein the thickness of the domestic garbage is 0.5-1.0 m. A required amount of a heating value adjusting substance including, but not limited to, at least one of low-quality coal, oily sludge, coke, waste oil, woody peat, charcoal, activated carbon is laid on the second domestic garbage stacking layer 504 to form a high heating value adsorption layer 505.
Wherein, when the medical waste needs to be disposed, the medical waste and the industrial solid waste are mixed and then are subjected to layered stacking fermentation.
The solid waste gas fermentation piles laid in layers are naturally stacked for 3 to 10 days, and preferably, the water content in the first domestic waste stacking layer 502 and the second domestic waste stacking layer 504 is reduced by 10 to 15 percent to be used as a node for stopping the layered stacking fermentation. And after the layered stacking fermentation is finished, fully overturning the obtained layered stacking product, uniformly mixing various types of solid wastes, and carrying out biological drying. In the biological drying process, hot air is introduced into the fermentation pile in an intermittent aeration mode to accelerate drying and shorten the drying period. For example, the ventilation period is 10 mm to 30min, the ventilation is stopped for 30min to 120min, and the pile turning is carried out once every 1 day to 2 days.
Firstly, solid wastes with different water contents and different heat values are mixed and dried to obtain a mixed solid waste derivative with better water content and heat value stability, so that the operation stability of solid waste gasification equipment can be improved, and the operation period of the solid waste gasification equipment can be prolonged. Secondly, various types of solid wastes are mixed to finally prepare the mixed solid waste derivative for gasification, so that a large amount of domestic garbage is consumed, and meanwhile, the industrial solid wastes which are difficult to treat (including the solid wastes with large storage amount at present such as fly ash, metallurgical slag, chemical wastes and desulfurized gypsum) are consumed, and the treatment pressure of the industrial solid wastes is favorably relieved. Thirdly, in the layered stacking and fermentation process, the agricultural and forestry wastes (particularly crop straws) are laid at the bottommost layer of the fermentation pile to form an agricultural and forestry waste accumulation layer 501, on one hand, leachate generated by the fermentation of the upper layer of domestic garbage passes through the agricultural and forestry waste accumulation layer 501, and partial macromolecular organic substances and small-particle sludge lamps contained in the leachate are trapped and intercepted by the surfaces and pore passages of the agricultural and forestry wastes, so that the recovery rate of organic components in the domestic garbage is improved, the contents of COD (chemical oxygen demand), solid particles and the like in the leachate are reduced, and the treatment difficulty and the treatment cost of the leachate are reduced; on the other hand, the agricultural and forestry wastes with higher calorific value are mixed into the mixed solid waste derivative, which is beneficial to improving the calorific value of the mixed solid waste derivative and reducing the addition of the high calorific value adsorbate. Fourthly, in the layered stacking and fermentation process, industrial solid waste is clamped between the first domestic waste stacking layer 502 and the second domestic waste stacking layer 504, so that on one hand, the industrial solid waste absorbs partial organic components to improve the handleability of the industrial solid waste, and on the other hand, the reactor core temperature of the fermentation reactor can be stabilized by utilizing the higher heat storage capacity of the industrial solid waste. Meanwhile, in the step of mixed biological drying, the addition of the industrial solid waste can effectively accelerate the drying rate of the household garbage and shorten the drying period of the household garbage, which may be related to the catalytic performance of part of substances contained in the industrial solid waste. Fifthly, in the layered stacking fermentation process, heat value adjusting substances (low-quality coal, oily sludge, coke, waste oil products, woody peat, charcoal, activated carbon and the like) cover the uppermost layer, on one hand, the heat value of the mixed solid waste derivative is adjusted, on the other hand, the physical adsorption performance of the heat value adjusting substances is utilized to collect and adsorb organic or inorganic molecules which generate odor in the part, and the malodorous gas generated in the domestic garbage fermentation process is assisted to be purified.
S30, plasma gasification: and carrying out pyrolysis gasification on the solid waste derivative by adopting a plasma gasification technology to obtain synthetic gas and vitreous slag.
The plasma gasification technology mainly comprises a plasma-assisted pyrolysis gasification technology and a plasma reforming technology, wherein the first technology is to pyrolyze solid wastes by utilizing the self heat value of the solid wastes to generate synthesis gas, then utilize plasma electric arcs to heat and reform the synthesis gas, and gasified ash slag is vitrified by a plasma torch, and the second technology is to directly act on the solid wastes by taking plasmas as a high-temperature heat source to convert organic matters in the solid wastes into synthesis gas and convert inorganic matters into slag. In recent years, the national scholars have made substantial research progress on the basic problems of flow field characteristics, harmful/available element migration law, vitreous body physical and chemical stability and the like in the plasma reactor.
Many researches prove that the emerging plasma gasification technology is an efficient and environment-friendly treatment method and can be used for treating municipal domestic waste. A fourth species, different from solids, liquids and gases, is a mixture of electrons, ions and non-ionized neutral particles. The thermal plasma is used as a high-temperature heat source to gasify the garbage, organic matters in the garbage are converted into synthesis gas, and inorganic matters are converted into slag. Compared with garbage incineration, the high temperature and high heat (over 5500 ℃) of the plasma torch can completely decompose organic matters and prevent harmful substances such as dioxin and the like from being generated. Moreover, the plasma gasification technology has high economic feasibility.
S40, gas power generation: and (3) purifying the synthesis gas obtained in the step of 'plasma gasification', and then generating power through a gas turbine.
Specifically, after the solid waste derivatives are treated by plasma gasification, organic components are gasified to form synthesis gas, and the synthesis gas mainly comprises CO and H2Mainly, part of acid gas, fly ash and the like may be contained. The synthetic gas passes through a gas purification device to remove impurities such as acid gas, fly ash and the like, and enters a gas turbine to generate electricity.
Preferably, the method further comprises a waste heat power generation step, wherein the synthesis gas firstly passes through a waste heat power generation device, the high sensible heat of the synthesis gas at the outlet of the plasma gasification device is utilized to exchange heat with water to generate high-pressure steam, and the high-pressure steam is utilized to drive a steam turbine to generate power.
S50, slag digestion: and (4) sending the slag of the vitreous body obtained in the step of 'plasma gasification' into a cement production line for consumption.
Specifically, after the solid waste derivatives are subjected to plasma gasification treatment, inorganic components generate slag of vitreous body, the slag has stable property and low heavy metal leaching rate, and can be used as raw materials of all sections in the cement production process. For example, the vitreous slag may be used as a raw material for cement production, mixed with limestone or quartz sand, and fed to a raw mill or a rotary kiln, or used as an auxiliary additive and directly fed to a cement mill. Because the vitreous body slag generated by the treatment of the plasma gasification technology has stable property and low heavy metal leaching rate, the addition amount of the vitreous body slag in the cement can account for 5 to 20 percent of the demand amount of raw materials, and the quality of cement products cannot be greatly influenced. Therefore, the recycling and harmless treatment of the solid waste is thoroughly realized, no or little emission of the solid waste is realized, meanwhile, the medical waste, the industrial solid waste and the like are comprehensively treated and consumed, and the treatment pressure of the solid waste is relieved. On the other hand, the vitreous body slag is used as one of raw materials for cement production, so that the consumption of raw materials for cement such as limestone, quartz sand and the like is reduced, and economic benefits are indirectly generated.
In one preferred embodiment, in the step of "gas power generation" and in the step of "waste heat power generation", the obtained electric energy is used for supplying part or all of the equipment used in the multi-class solid waste comprehensive disposal method for the gasification power generation and cement production. That is to say, in the whole processes of solid waste pretreatment, solid waste mixture preparation and synthesis gas purification, waste heat power generation and the like, cement production and the like, the self-sufficiency of power supply is realized, the dependence of power utilization and power generation on government policies is reduced, and higher economic benefits are obtained.
With continued reference to fig. 1, in yet another embodiment, a multi-class solid waste comprehensive disposal system 1 for gasification power generation in cooperation with cement production comprises a solid waste pretreatment subsystem 10, a plasma gasification subsystem 20, a power generation subsystem 30 and a cement production subsystem 40.
The solid waste pretreatment subsystem 10 comprises a plurality of solid waste pretreatment devices 11 and solid waste mixing and drying devices 12, wherein the solid waste pretreatment devices 11 are used for temporarily storing different types of solid waste, and performing safety-based treatment on the types of the solid waste, for example, sorting and screening the domestic waste, recovering resource substances therein, and then crushing the domestic waste; sterilizing and disinfecting medical wastes, and crushing; crushing the agricultural and forestry waste and the industrial solid waste, and the like. The solid waste mixing and drying device 12 is used for mixing and drying different types of solid wastes to obtain solid waste derivatives with stable heat value.
The plasma gasification subsystem 20 comprises a plasma gasification furnace 21 and a slag cooling device 22, wherein a feed inlet of the plasma gasification furnace 21 is connected with the solid waste mixing and drying device 12, and the slag cooling device 22 is connected with a slag discharge port of the plasma gasification furnace 21.
The power generation subsystem 30 comprises a first waste heat power generation device 31, a synthetic gas purification device 32 and a fuel gas power generation device 33, the first waste heat power generation device 31 is connected with the synthetic gas discharge end of the plasma gasification furnace 21 and used for utilizing sensible heat of the synthetic gas produced by the plasma gasification furnace 21 to generate power, the synthetic gas purification device 32 is connected with the first waste heat power generation device 31 and used for purifying the synthetic gas produced by the plasma gasification furnace 21, and the fuel gas power generation device 33 is connected with the synthetic gas purification device 32 and used for utilizing the synthetic gas produced by the plasma gasification furnace 21 to generate power.
The cement production subsystem 40 comprises a raw material mill 41, a rotary kiln 42, a cement mill 43 and a tail gas purification device 44, wherein the raw material mill 41, the rotary kiln 42 and the cement mill 43 are respectively connected with the slag cooling device 22, and the tail gas purification device 44 is communicated with the gas power generation device 33.
Different types of solid waste, including but not limited to domestic waste, medical waste, agricultural and forestry waste, and industrial solid waste, are first temporarily stored in the solid waste pretreatment apparatus 11, and are then subjected to pretreatment such as sorting, screening, crushing, disinfection, and sterilization, respectively. The pretreated solid waste is mixed in the solid waste mixing and drying device 12 in proportion according to the heat value levels of different types of solid waste, biological drying is carried out to reduce the water content of the solid waste mixture and improve the heat value of the solid waste mixture, and heat value adjusting substances (including but not limited to low-quality coal, oily sludge, coke, waste oil products, woody peat, charcoal, activated carbon and the like) are properly added to ensure that the heat value of the solid waste reaches the level capable of meeting the long-time stable operation requirement of the plasma gasification furnace 21, so as to obtain the solid waste derivative.
The obtained solid waste derivativeThe material enters the plasma gasifier 21 where organic components in the solid waste derivatives are gasified at high temperature to synthesis gas (mainly CO and H)2) While the inorganic components produce a glassy, harmless slag. The clinker is cooled by the clinker cooling device 22, and then sent to the raw material mill 41, the rotary kiln 42 and/or the cement mill 43, and added to the cement production process as an auxiliary raw material for producing cement, so as to reduce the storage amount of the clinker.
The obtained high-temperature synthesis gas firstly passes through the first waste heat power generation device 31, and the high sensible heat of the synthesis gas at the outlet of the plasma gasification device is utilized to exchange heat with water to generate high-pressure steam, and the high-pressure steam is utilized to drive a steam turbine to generate power. The synthesis gas is subjected to waste heat power generation by the first waste heat power generation device 31, and then enters the synthesis gas purification device 32 to remove a small amount of acid gas and fly ash contained in the synthesis gas. The fly ash is directly conveyed to the rotary kiln 42 for consumption. The purified synthesis gas enters the gas power generation device 33, and gas power generation is performed by using a gas turbine.
After the fuel gas power generation tail gas enters the tail gas purification device 44 for treatment, the fuel gas power generation tail gas is introduced into the plasma gasification furnace 21 as make-up gas or directly introduced into the rotary kiln 42, so as to further reduce the content of harmful substances in the tail gas.
According to the multi-class comprehensive solid waste disposal system 1 for gasification power generation and cement production, on one hand, various types of solid waste are disposed comprehensively, especially industrial solid waste which is difficult to be utilized is disposed cooperatively, and the disposal pressure of the solid waste is relieved. On the other hand, the solid waste derivative with relatively stable heat value is obtained, the requirement of long-time stable operation of the plasma gasification equipment is met, and the reduction, the recycling and the harmlessness of the solid waste are realized. After the solid waste derivatives are gasified by the plasma, the generated glassy harmless slag can be directly used as a raw material for cement production, so that the demand of the cement production process on mineral resources is reduced.
In order to further ensure that the obtained solid waste derivatives have stable heat value and actually ensure the long-time stable operation of the plasma gasification furnace 21, please refer to fig. 3 to fig. 5, in an embodiment, the solid waste mixing and drying device 12 includes: a layered fermentation stacking tank 121, a mixed biological drying tank 122 and a transfer grab bucket 123. Layering fermentation stacks pond 121 and connects each respectively through solid waste conveyor 124 useless pretreatment device 11 admittedly, mix biological drying pond 122 and be close to layering fermentation stacks pond 121 and sets up, transport grab bucket 123 set up in layering fermentation stacks pond 121 top, and can remove extremely mix biological drying pond 122 top.
For example, the transport grab 123 sets up on an overhead traveling crane 1231, overhead traveling crane 1231 can follow track 1232 and move, simultaneously, transport grab 123 can follow overhead traveling crane 1231 removes, thereby realizes transport grab 123 is in pond 121 is stacked in the layered fermentation with mix biological drying pond 122 top and remove, on the one hand, transport grab 123 will by solid waste conveyor 124 carry extremely different categorised solid waste in the pond 121 is stacked in the layered fermentation lays different categorised solid waste in the pond 121. On the other hand, transport grab bucket 123 still be used for with the solid waste misce bene of different categories that the layering was stacked in layering fermentation stacking pond 121, and transport extremely carry out the biological mummification in the mixed biological mummification pond 122.
Different types of solid waste (e.g., household waste, industrial solid waste, agricultural and forestry waste, medical waste, etc.) are temporarily stored in the solid waste pretreatment apparatus 11, and after preliminary safety-based treatment (e.g., sterilization, pulverization, sorting, etc.), the solid waste is transported to the stratified fermentation stacking tank 121 by the solid waste transport apparatus 124 in a predetermined order. In the layered fermentation stacking tank 121, a plurality of types of solid waste are stacked in layers according to a certain stacking sequence, and primary fermentation is performed. The solid waste of the different types of multilayer through preliminary fermentation passes through transport grab bucket 123, transfer to in the mixed biological drying pond 122, after the intensive mixing, carry out secondary biological drying. Practice proves that the mixed solid waste after secondary biological drying has lower water content and more stable heat value, and can meet the long-time stable operation requirement of the plasma gasification furnace 21. Through the solid waste mixing and drying device 12, not only is household garbage and agricultural and forestry waste treated, but also part of low-calorific-value industrial solid waste which is difficult to treat is consumed, and the biological drying period can be obviously shortened from 15 days to 30 days in the prior art to 7 days to 12 days. Meanwhile, the biological drying efficiency is remarkably improved, and the final water content of the solid waste is reduced to 25-35% from the traditional 30-50%.
In order to further shorten the biological drying period of the solid waste and ensure the stable supply of the feeding material of the plasma gasification furnace 21, the layered fermentation stacking tank 121 and/or the mixed biological drying tank 122 comprises a drying tank body 610, a percolate guide slope 620 and a percolate collecting tank 630. The drying tank body 610 is formed by surrounding a drying tank wall 611 and a drying tank bottom 612, and the drying tank wall 611 is provided with a percolate precipitation filter hole 601. The percolate guide slope 620 is annularly arranged around the drying pool body 610 and is provided with a slope surface of 10-60 degrees, and the highest position of the percolate guide slope 620 is flush with the drying pool bottom 612. The percolate collecting groove 630 is annularly arranged on the outer side of the percolate diversion slope 620, and the notch of the percolate collecting groove 630 is flush with the lowest part of the percolate diversion slope 620.
In the process of layering and/or biological drying of the solid waste, the solid waste is layered or mixed and stacked in the drying pool body 610. Leachate generated in the biological drying process is led out through the leachate precipitation filter holes 601 arranged at the bottom of the drying pool wall 611 and overflows to the leachate diversion slope 620. On the one hand, on filtration liquid water conservancy diversion slope 620, filtration liquid constantly collects with higher speed under the capillary action to along domatic landing extremely in the filtration liquid collecting vat 630, increased the passageway that filtration liquid was derived, prevent effectively that filtration liquid is in mummification pond body 610 bottom gathering to can accelerate filtration liquid under the capillary effect that filtration liquid self formed and appear, thereby shorten biological mummification's cycle by a wide margin. On the other hand, in the process that the leachate slides down along the leachate guiding slope 620, part of solid particles and viscous substances contained in the leachate are captured by the leachate guiding slope 620 and attached to the surface of the leachate guiding slope 620, so that not only are the contents of the solid particles and the viscous substances in the leachate reduced and the difficulty of leachate treatment reduced, but also a large number of new capillary guiding channels are formed on the surface of the leachate guiding slope 620, and the leachate in the drying tank body 310 is further accelerated to be led out.
In one embodiment, the percolate guide slope 620 has a slope of 10 to 30 °, preferably the percolate guide slope 620 has a slope of 20 to 30 °. On the one hand, the leachate has a larger gravity acceleration, and the leachate can smoothly slide to the leachate collecting tank 630. On the other hand, the percolate can have a longer operating time on the percolate guide slope 620, so that solid particles and viscous substances contained in the percolate can be captured in a large amount and a large amount of new capillary guide channels can be formed.
Further, a plurality of leachate collection structures 621 are arranged on the slope surface of the leachate guiding slope 620, the leachate collection structures 621 may be a plurality of grooves arranged on the slope surface of the leachate guiding slope 620, or a plurality of protrusions arranged on the slope surface of the leachate guiding slope 620, and the grooves or the protrusions may be regularly distributed or irregularly distributed. The leachate slides down to the slope surface of the leachate guiding slope 620, is collected along the leachate collecting structure 621, and is guided into the leachate collecting tank 630 along the leachate collecting structure 621, so as to further accelerate the precipitation of the leachate in the drying tank body 610.
Further, the surface roughness of the slope surface of the percolate guide slope 620 is 0.2-0.5 μm, that is, the percolate guide slope 620 can be made of glass, toughened glass, resin, stainless steel and other materials. On the one hand, prevent that filtration liquid from being in filtration liquid water conservancy diversion slope 620 is detained on domatic, guarantees that filtration liquid can be smooth the landing to in the filtration liquid collecting vat 630. On the other hand, solid particles and viscous substances in the leachate are easily captured, so that the leachate adheres to the slope surface of the leachate guiding slope 620, and the capillary guiding layer consisting of the solid particles and the viscous substances, which adheres to the leachate guiding slope 620, can be prevented from sliding down.
In another specific embodiment, the drying tank wall 611 includes a tank wall body 6111 and a percolate guiding and filtering assembly 6112, the tank wall body 6111 is hollow, the percolate precipitation filtering holes 601 are formed in the tank wall body 6111, and the percolate guiding and filtering assembly 6112 is installed in the tank wall body 6111. The percolate flow-guiding filtering component 6112 comprises a large solid waste filtering screen 61121 and a flow-guiding filler 61122, the large solid waste filtering screen 61121 is installed in the tank wall body 6111, and the flow-guiding filler 61122 is filled in the large solid waste filtering screen 61121. For example, the diversion packing 61122 is at least one of an intalox saddle ring, a pall ring, a raschig ring, a ladder ring and ceramsite.
In the process of layering stacking or mixed biological drying of solid waste, leachate generated at different positions in the height gradient direction of the fermentation pile can be led out from the leachate precipitation filtering holes 601 arranged on the pool wall body 6111 and enters the leachate diversion filtering assembly 6112 through the outer side of the leachate diversion filtering assembly 6112. The tank wall body 6111 supports the fermentation pile and blocks large solid wastes, and the outer side of the percolate guide filtering component 6112 blocks and filters large solid wastes, so that percolate is filtered, and solid particles and viscous substances in the percolate are removed.
For example, the tank wall body 6111 is made of a steel plate or a steel grid with a plurality of small holes, and the large solid waste filter screen 61121 is made of a wire mesh or a steel wire mesh. The flow guide filler 61122 is randomly filled in the large solid waste filter screen 61121 to form a large number of percolate flow guide channels and a large number of capture surfaces, percolate sequentially passes through the tank wall body 6111 and the large solid waste filter screen 61121 and enters the flow guide filler 61122, on one hand, the flow guide channels in the flow guide filler 61122 form a capillary effect to facilitate the percolate to enter the drying tank body 610 and be guided out, and on the other hand, solid particles and viscous substances in the percolate can be attached to the surface of the flow guide filler 61122, so that the content of the solid particles and the content of the viscous substances in the percolate are reduced, and the retreatment cost of the percolate is reduced.
In a preferred embodiment, the upper portion of the tank wall body 6111 has a screen support portion 61111, and the percolate flow guiding and filtering assembly 6112 is suspended on the screen support portion 61111, so as to facilitate replacement and cleaning of the large solid waste screen 61121 and the flow guiding filler 61122.
In another preferred embodiment, the drying tank bottom 612 is tapered to facilitate guiding out the percolate accumulated at the bottom of the drying tank body 610.
In another preferred embodiment, the syngas purification device 32 is provided with a fly ash collection component, which is connected to the rotary kiln 42, so that the fly ash collected by the syngas purification device 32 in the syngas can be disposed by the rotary kiln 42, thereby reducing the environmental hazard of the fly ash.
In another preferred embodiment, the electric power generated by the power generation subsystem 30 is used to supply all or part of the power for the solid waste pretreatment subsystem 10, the plasma gasification subsystem 20, the power generation subsystem 30, and the cement production subsystem 40. The power generation is self-used, the consumption of the electric quantity of the power grid is reduced, and the enterprise cost is reduced.
In another preferred embodiment, the power generation subsystem 30 further includes a second waste heat power generation device 34, and the second waste heat power generation device 34 is connected to the gas power generation device 33 and the exhaust gas purification device 44, and is configured to generate power by using sensible heat of the exhaust gas generated by the gas power generation device 33, so as to further improve the recovery and utilization rate of the heat energy.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A multi-class solid waste comprehensive disposal method for gasification power generation and cement production is characterized by comprising the following steps:
solid waste pretreatment: screening, reducing the water content and crushing the solid wastes of different types respectively;
preparation of solid waste mixture: mixing solid wastes with different calorific value levels, and adding a calorific value adjusting substance into the solid wastes to obtain solid waste derivatives;
plasma gasification: carrying out pyrolysis gasification on the solid waste derivative by adopting a plasma gasification technology to obtain synthetic gas and slag of a vitreous body;
gas power generation: purifying the synthesis gas obtained in the step of 'plasma gasification', and then generating power through a gas turbine;
slag digestion: and (4) sending the slag of the vitreous body obtained in the step of 'plasma gasification' into a cement production line for consumption.
2. The method for comprehensively disposing multi-class solid wastes in cooperation with gasification power generation and cement production according to claim 1, wherein in the step of "preparation of solid waste mixture", the calorific value adjusting substance is at least one of coke, low-quality coal, heavy petroleum and tar.
3. The method for comprehensively disposing the multi-class solid wastes in cooperation with the gasification power generation and cement production as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step "slag digestion", the slag of the vitreous body is fed to one of a raw material mill, a rotary kiln and a cement mill in the cement production line according to the quality of the slag.
4. The method for comprehensively disposing the multi-class solid wastes in cooperation with the gasification power generation and cement production according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
generating power by waste heat: and generating power by using the sensible heat of the synthesis gas obtained in the step of 'plasma gasification' and the sensible heat of the tail gas of the gas turbine in the step of 'gas power generation'.
5. The method for comprehensively disposing the multi-class solid waste in cooperation with the gasification power generation and the cement production according to claim 4, wherein the electric energy obtained in the step of "gas power generation" and the step of "waste heat power generation" is used for supplying part or all of the equipment used in the method for comprehensively disposing the multi-class solid waste in cooperation with the gasification power generation and the cement production.
6. A multi-class solid waste comprehensive disposal system for gasification power generation and cement production is characterized by comprising a solid waste pretreatment subsystem, a plasma gasification subsystem, a power generation subsystem and a cement production subsystem;
the solid waste pretreatment subsystem comprises a plurality of solid waste pretreatment devices and solid waste mixing and drying devices, the solid waste pretreatment devices are used for temporarily storing different types of solid wastes and carrying out safety-based treatment aiming at the types of the solid wastes, and the solid waste mixing and drying devices are used for mixing and drying the different types of solid wastes to obtain solid waste derivatives with stable heat values;
the plasma gasification subsystem comprises a plasma gasification furnace and a slag cooling device, wherein a feed inlet of the plasma gasification furnace is connected with the solid waste mixing and drying device, and the slag cooling device is connected with a slag discharge outlet of the plasma gasification furnace;
the power generation subsystem comprises a first waste heat power generation device, a synthetic gas purification device and a fuel gas power generation device, the first waste heat power generation device is connected with a synthetic gas discharge end of the plasma gasification furnace and is used for generating power by utilizing sensible heat of the synthetic gas produced by the plasma gasification furnace, the synthetic gas purification device is connected with the first waste heat power generation device and is used for purifying the synthetic gas produced by the plasma gasification furnace, and the fuel gas power generation device is connected with the synthetic gas purification device and is used for generating power by utilizing the synthetic gas produced by the plasma gasification furnace;
the cement production subsystem comprises a raw material mill, a rotary kiln, a cement mill and a tail gas purification device, wherein the raw material mill, the rotary kiln and the cement mill are respectively connected with the slag cooling device, and the tail gas purification device is communicated with the gas power generation device.
7. The system for comprehensively disposing the multi-class solid wastes in cooperation with the gasification power generation and cement production as claimed in claim 6, wherein the solid waste mixing and drying device comprises:
the layered fermentation stacking tank is respectively connected with each solid waste pretreatment device through a solid waste conveying device;
the mixed biological drying tank is arranged close to the layered fermentation stacking tank; and
transport the grab bucket, transport the grab bucket set up in the pond top is stacked in the layering fermentation, and can move extremely mix biological drying pond top.
8. The system for comprehensively treating the multi-class solid wastes generated in cooperation with the gasification power generation and cement production as claimed in claim 7, wherein the layered fermentation stacking tank and/or the mixed biological drying tank comprises a drying tank body, a leachate guiding slope and a leachate collecting tank; the drying tank body is formed by surrounding a drying tank wall and a drying tank bottom, and the drying tank wall is provided with a percolate precipitation filter hole; the percolate guide slope is annularly arranged around the drying pool body and is provided with a slope surface of 10-60 degrees, and the highest position of the percolate guide slope is flush with the bottom of the drying pool; the leachate collecting tank is annularly arranged on the outer side of the leachate diversion slope, and the notch of the leachate collecting tank is flush with the lowest part of the leachate diversion slope.
9. The system for multi-class comprehensive disposal of solid waste in coordination with gasification power generation and cement production according to claim 6, wherein the electric energy generated by the power generation subsystem is used to power all or part of the solid waste pretreatment subsystem, the plasma gasification subsystem, the power generation subsystem, and the cement production subsystem.
10. The system for comprehensive disposal of multi-class solid wastes generated in coordination with gasification power generation and cement production according to claim 6, wherein the power generation subsystem further comprises a second waste heat power generation device, and the second waste heat power generation device is connected with the gas power generation device and the tail gas purification device and is used for generating power by using sensible heat of tail gas generated by the gas power generation device.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111121057A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-05-08 | 黄骅新智环保技术有限公司 | Incineration mode based on kiln head temperature of rotary kiln |
| CN112047596A (en) * | 2020-09-01 | 2020-12-08 | 浙江工业大学 | Comprehensive treatment process and system for sludge biological drying and gasified gas by solar energy enhancement |
| CN112625759A (en) * | 2020-12-26 | 2021-04-09 | 西安西热控制技术有限公司 | Plasma pyrolysis gasification system of thermal power plant |
-
2020
- 2020-03-31 CN CN202010246804.5A patent/CN111286365A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111121057A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-05-08 | 黄骅新智环保技术有限公司 | Incineration mode based on kiln head temperature of rotary kiln |
| CN111121057B (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2021-12-03 | 黄骅新智环保技术有限公司 | Incineration mode based on kiln head temperature of rotary kiln |
| CN112047596A (en) * | 2020-09-01 | 2020-12-08 | 浙江工业大学 | Comprehensive treatment process and system for sludge biological drying and gasified gas by solar energy enhancement |
| CN112625759A (en) * | 2020-12-26 | 2021-04-09 | 西安西热控制技术有限公司 | Plasma pyrolysis gasification system of thermal power plant |
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