CN216667681U - Kitchen waste and household garbage pyrolysis treatment system in coordination - Google Patents
Kitchen waste and household garbage pyrolysis treatment system in coordination Download PDFInfo
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- CN216667681U CN216667681U CN202220115247.8U CN202220115247U CN216667681U CN 216667681 U CN216667681 U CN 216667681U CN 202220115247 U CN202220115247 U CN 202220115247U CN 216667681 U CN216667681 U CN 216667681U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a kitchen waste and household waste collaborative pyrolysis treatment system, which comprises a kitchen waste pretreatment system, a household waste and kitchen waste mixing system, a sewage treatment device, a waste pyrolysis system, a waste heat utilization system and a flue gas purification system; the kitchen waste is pretreated and then is mixed with household waste for pyrolysis and gasification, the fuel gas generated by pyrolysis and gasification is combusted to be used as output energy, meanwhile, all solid waste, concentrated solution and crude oil generated in each process are subjected to pyrolysis and gasification, various generated harmful liquid and gas are subjected to harmless treatment and are discharged up to the standard, and the generated low-grade heat energy is used as heat energy for system operation through heat exchange for recycling; the energy utilization is realized to the maximum extent, and the emission is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the field of resource utilization and harmless treatment of garbage, and particularly relates to a kitchen garbage and household garbage collaborative pyrolysis treatment system.
Background
Under the guidance of national strategies and policies such as ecological civilization construction, country joyful, "30.60" carbon emission reduction, carbon peak reaching and the like, garbage disposal increasingly draws more attention from people. The conventional treatment technology of the kitchen waste comprises feed conversion, composting, anaerobic fermentation and the like, and the conventional treatment technology of the household waste comprises sanitary landfill, incineration power generation, pyrolysis gasification and the like. In the above-mentioned technique that is applicable to kitchen garbage, domestic waste and handles, because the difference of rubbish kind, the processing requirement is different, and the exclusive use is usually, and mostly handles single rubbish kind.
In the face of the problems of increasingly tightened urban and rural land indexes, more defects and the like in the treatment of single garbage raw materials, how to realize the cooperative treatment of various organic garbage is a problem which is widely concerned in the field of solid waste treatment at present.
Specifically, aiming at the most common kitchen waste and household waste in daily life of residents, how to realize the cooperative treatment of the two types of waste is realized, the integration degree of a treatment system is improved, land resources are saved, engineering investment is reduced, pollutant emission is reduced, the waste treatment efficiency is improved, a project is built, the purpose of treating various types of waste is realized, and the method is a key research direction in the field of kitchen waste and household waste treatment at present.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
Because the moisture content of the kitchen waste and the household waste is different, the moisture content of the kitchen waste is higher than that of the household waste by about one time or even higher, and the problems of overhigh treatment energy consumption and increased treatment time are caused during treatment at the same time. The utility model aims to provide a kitchen waste and household waste collaborative pyrolysis treatment system, so that when the kitchen waste and the household waste are mixed, the water content of the kitchen waste is close to that of the household waste, and the treatment energy consumption is reduced.
In order to achieve the purpose, the utility model provides a kitchen waste and household waste collaborative pyrolysis treatment system, which comprises a kitchen waste pretreatment system, a household waste and kitchen waste mixing system, a sewage treatment device, a waste pyrolysis system, a waste heat utilization system and a flue gas purification system;
the kitchen waste pretreatment system comprises a receiving device, a crushing device, a first solid-liquid separation device, a second solid-liquid separation device, an oil extraction device and a dehydrated kitchen waste conveying device;
the receiving device is used for sending the received kitchen waste to the crushing device for crushing;
the first solid-liquid separation device is used for dehydrating the crushed kitchen waste to obtain slurry and solid kitchen waste;
the second solid-liquid separation device is used for further carrying out solid-liquid separation on the dehydrated slurry to obtain solid kitchen waste and liquid-phase materials;
the oil extraction device is used for carrying out oil extraction treatment on the liquid-phase material subjected to solid-liquid separation to separate oil from water to obtain an oil-phase material and a water-phase material, and the water-phase material is sent to the sewage treatment device for harmless treatment;
the kitchen waste conveying device is used for conveying the solid kitchen waste subjected to the first solid-liquid separation and the second solid-liquid separation to a household waste and kitchen waste mixing system;
the household garbage and kitchen garbage mixing system is used for mixing and stacking household garbage and pretreated kitchen garbage;
the garbage pyrolysis system is used for carrying out pyrolysis gasification on the mixed domestic garbage, kitchen garbage, oil phase materials subjected to oil extraction treatment and concentrated solution of leachate in the domestic garbage and kitchen garbage mixing system, and outputting and utilizing electric energy or heat energy generated after generated fuel gas is combusted as energy;
the waste heat utilization system exchanges heat between the high-temperature flue gas generated after combustion of the fuel gas and normal-temperature air at the household garbage and kitchen garbage mixing system and feeds the heat back to the pyrolysis treatment system;
the sewage treatment device carries out innocent treatment on the concentrated supernatant of the percolate of the domestic garbage and kitchen garbage mixing system and the water-phase material after the oil extraction treatment of the kitchen garbage;
the flue gas purification system purifies the flue gas that produces the garbage pyrolysis system and purifies standard processing such as dust removal, dechlorination, desulfurization, denitration, dioxin desorption.
Preferably, the kitchen waste pretreatment system further comprises a heating system, and the oil-phase material subjected to oil extraction treatment is heated by the heating system and then conveyed to the waste pyrolysis system for pyrolysis.
Preferably, the kitchen waste conveying device comprises a closed shell, a hot air inlet is formed in the feeding end of the shell, and an air outlet and a material outlet are formed in the discharging end of the shell.
Preferably, the household garbage and kitchen garbage mixing system comprises a garbage receiving pool, wherein a feed hopper is arranged on one side of the upper part of the garbage receiving pool, the feed end of the feed hopper is positioned in the garbage receiving pool, and the discharge end of the feed hopper is positioned outside the garbage receiving pool and supplies materials for a garbage pyrolysis system; a domestic garbage discharging hall is arranged at one side of the upper part of the garbage receiving pool and used for discharging domestic garbage to the garbage receiving pool; the kitchen waste conveying device of the kitchen waste pretreatment system conveys the pretreated solid kitchen waste to a waste receiving pool to be mixed with household waste; be provided with the filtration liquid collection device who collects rubbish and receive pond bottom portion filtration liquid in the rubbish receiving tank bottom outside, filtration liquid collection device is connected with filtration liquid enrichment facility, and filtration liquid enrichment facility sends the supernatant that produces after the concentration to sewage treatment plant innocent treatment, sends the concentrate to the pyrolysis of rubbish pyrolysis system.
Preferably, the garbage receiving pool is a negative pressure closed workshop, and an electric roller shutter door for closing is installed at a household garbage discharging hall; the air outlet and the material outlet of the discharge end of the kitchen waste conveying device are positioned in the waste receiving pool.
Preferably, the garbage pyrolysis system comprises a garbage pyrolysis gasification furnace and a pyrolysis gas combustion utilization device; the garbage pyrolysis gasification furnace is used for pyrolyzing and gasifying the household garbage from the garbage receiving pool and the household garbage and kitchen garbage from the garbage receiving pool; the pyrolysis gas combustion utilization device combusts and utilizes gas generated in the pyrolysis gasification furnace, and generated electric energy or heat energy is used as energy to be output and utilized.
Preferably, a percolate atomizing and spraying device, a crude oil atomizing and spraying device, a gas outlet and a burner are arranged at the top in the garbage pyrolysis gasification furnace; a feeding hopper of a garbage receiving tank is arranged above the feeding hole of the garbage pyrolysis gasification furnace; a gasifying agent inlet is formed in one side of the lower portion of the pyrolysis gasification furnace, and a slag collecting and utilizing system is arranged at the bottom of the pyrolysis gasification furnace; concentrated solution of the percolate at the bottom of the garbage receiving pool after concentration is sent to a percolate atomization spraying device to be sprayed into a hearth for pyrolysis, and oil phase materials extracted by the oil extraction device of the kitchen garbage are heated and then sent to a crude oil atomization spraying device to be sprayed into the hearth for pyrolysis.
Preferably, the pyrolysis gas combustion utilizes a device for pretreatment prior to combustion of the gas.
Preferably, the waste heat utilization system divides the hot air subjected to heat exchange into three paths for feedback output, and one path is conveyed to the kitchen waste conveying device to heat the waste and then enters the waste receiving pool; one path of the garbage is conveyed to a feed hopper of the garbage receiving pool to heat the garbage and then enters the garbage receiving pool; one path is conveyed to the inlet of the gasification agent of the pyrolysis gasification furnace to be used as the gasification agent.
The utility model has the advantages that:
the kitchen waste and household waste collaborative pyrolysis treatment system can realize collaborative energy treatment of the household waste and the kitchen waste, and solves the problem of single treatment raw material of the traditional waste treatment technology;
the pyrolysis treatment system reduces the water content of the kitchen waste through pretreatment aiming at kitchen waste treatment, and crude oil extracted by the oil extraction device is directly sent to the waste pyrolysis gasification furnace through the heating system, so that the cost of crude oil storage, processing and transportation when the project scale is small is avoided, the crude oil can be used as a combustion improver of the waste pyrolysis gasification system, and the operation stability of the waste pyrolysis system is improved;
after the pyrolysis treatment system concentrates the landfill leachate, the concentrated solution is sprayed back to the garbage pyrolysis gasification furnace for gasification, so that the discharge amount of the leachate is reduced, and the discharge amount of pollutants such as ammonia nitrogen, COD (chemical oxygen demand), organic matters, heavy metals and the like in the leachate is greatly reduced;
the system has good environmental protection performance, and the garbage receiving tank adopts a closed negative pressure mode, so that odor diffusion is greatly reduced; the concentrated percolate is rich in a large amount of pollutants and is treated by a pyrolysis gasification system, so that the pollutant emission is reduced; the sewage is discharged after standard treatment; carrying out resource utilization on furnace slag generated by pyrolysis, and purifying flue gas generated by combustion and utilization of pyrolysis gas to reach the standard and discharging; the induced draft fan introduces air with odor from the garbage receiving pool, and the part returns to the garbage receiving pool after heat exchange, so that the direct air induction from the atmosphere is avoided;
the pyrolysis system is good in stability and strong in raw material adaptability, the system can simultaneously treat kitchen waste, household garbage, percolate concentrated solution and kitchen waste crude oil, the garbage pyrolysis gasification furnace is provided with a burner and a crude oil spraying device as a combustion-supporting system, and the system can adapt to the operation working conditions of low load of the system and low heat value of raw materials;
the energy cascade utilization, the efficiency is high, the pyrolysis gas is after utilizing through the combustion utilization device, the waste heat has carried out make full use of, air after the waste heat heating can regard as the gasification agent (having avoided the normal atmospheric temperature air to be the gasification agent), the heating is gone into the stove rubbish (promoting and is gone into the stove rubbish temperature, reduce the water content, thereby improve the calorific value of the rubbish that gets into the gasifier), the kitchen cabinet of heating dehydration (reduce the moisture content that gets into the kitchen cabinet of rubbish receiving tank, mud (coming from filtration liquid collecting pit), solid sediment etc.), the cascade utilization of energy has been realized, energy utilization efficiency is high.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a kitchen waste and household waste collaborative pyrolysis treatment system.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a receiving device.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the crushing device.
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a first solid-liquid separation apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a second solid-liquid separation apparatus according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the dehydrated kitchen waste conveying device.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of the garbage pyrolysis gasifier.
1-receiving means, 101-hopper, 102-screw discharger, 103-discharge outlet
2-crushing apparatus, 201-crusher material inlet, 202-crusher material outlet
3-a first solid-liquid separation device, 301-a material inlet, 302-a slurry outlet and 303-a solid kitchen waste outlet
4-a second solid-liquid separation device, 401-a material inlet, 402-a liquid-phase material outlet, 403-a solid kitchen waste outlet
5-oil extraction device
6-heating system
7-Sewage treatment plant
8-percolate concentrating device
9-leachate collecting device
10-dehydration kitchen conveying device, 1001-belt conveyor, 1002-shell, 1003-hot air inlet, 1004-air outlet and 1005-material outlet
11-garbage receiving pool, 1101-electric rolling door, 1102-garbage discharging hall, 1103-material grabbing travelling crane and 1104-feeding hopper
12-garbage pyrolysis gasifier, 1201-garbage feed inlet, 1202-concentrated leachate atomization spraying device, 1203-crude oil atomization spraying device, 1204-gasifier body, 1205-combustible gas outlet, 1206-combustor, 1207-gasifying agent inlet, 1208-slag collection and utilization system
13-pyrolysis gas combustion utilization device
14-waste heat utilization system, 1401-induced draft fan and 1402-blower
15-flue gas purification system
Detailed Description
According to the above technical solutions, preferred embodiments are described in detail with reference to the drawings, and specific reference is made to fig. 1 to 7.
The kitchen waste and household waste collaborative pyrolysis treatment system comprises a kitchen waste pretreatment system, a household waste kitchen waste mixing system, a sewage treatment device, a waste pyrolysis system, a waste heat utilization system and a flue gas purification system;
the kitchen waste pretreatment system is used for crushing and solid-liquid separating kitchen waste, sending solid kitchen waste materials to a household waste and kitchen waste mixing system to be mixed with the household waste, and carrying out oil extraction treatment on liquid-phase materials to obtain oil-phase materials and water-phase materials;
the household garbage and kitchen garbage mixing system is used for mixing and stacking household garbage and pretreated kitchen garbage;
the garbage pyrolysis system is used for carrying out pyrolysis gasification on the mixed domestic garbage, kitchen garbage, oil phase materials subjected to oil extraction treatment and concentrated solution of leachate in the domestic garbage and kitchen garbage mixing system, and outputting and utilizing electric energy or heat energy generated after generated fuel gas is combusted as energy;
the waste heat utilization system exchanges heat between high-temperature flue gas generated after combustion of fuel gas and normal-temperature air at the mixing system of the household garbage and the kitchen garbage, and the heated hot air is fed back to be solid-phase kitchen garbage materials for heating and garbage heating before pyrolysis and gasification and is used as a gasification agent of the pyrolysis gasification furnace;
the sewage treatment device carries out harmless treatment on the concentrated supernatant of the leachate of the household garbage and kitchen garbage mixing system and the water-phase material after the oil extraction treatment of the kitchen garbage;
the flue gas purification system purifies the flue gas that produces the garbage pyrolysis system and purifies standard processing such as dust removal, dechlorination, desulfurization, denitration, dioxin desorption.
The pyrolysis treatment system is described in detail below, and the treatment apparatuses are commercially available.
The kitchen waste pretreatment system comprises a receiving device 1, a crushing device 2, a first solid-liquid separation device 3, a second solid-liquid separation device 4, an oil extraction device 5, a heating system 6 and a dehydrated kitchen waste conveying device 10.
The receiving device 1 comprises a hopper, a spiral discharger 102 is arranged at the bottom of the hopper 101, and a discharge port 103 is arranged at the discharge end of the spiral discharge port. The kitchen waste is conveyed to the hopper 101 through the waste conveying vehicle, then the kitchen waste is conveyed to the crushing device 2 through the spiral feeder to be crushed through the discharge hole 103 through the spiral discharger.
The crushing device 2 comprises a box body, wherein a crusher, a crusher material inlet 201 and a crusher material outlet 202 are arranged in the box body. The crusher may employ one or a combination of a hammer crusher, an impact crusher, a shear crusher, or a roller crusher. After being received by the receiving device, the kitchen waste enters the crusher through the crusher material inlet 201 to be crushed, and the crushed material is sent to the first solid-liquid separation device 3 through the crusher material outlet 202 to be dehydrated.
The first solid-liquid separation device 3 comprises a dehydrator, a material inlet 301, a slurry outlet 302 and a solid kitchen waste outlet 303. The dehydrator is one or a combination of a screw extrusion dehydrator, a centrifugal dehydrator or a belt filter press. After being crushed by the crushing device, the kitchen waste is sent to a dehydrator for dehydration through a crusher material outlet 202 and a first solid-liquid separation device material inlet 301, and the solid content of the dehydrated solid kitchen waste is 30-40%. The dehydrated solid kitchen waste is delivered to the dehydrated kitchen waste conveying device 10 through the solid kitchen waste outlet 303, and is delivered to the kitchen waste and household waste mixing system through the dehydrated kitchen waste conveying device 10 to be mixed with the household waste. Slurry generated after the kitchen waste is dehydrated is sent to the second solid-liquid separation device 4 through the slurry outlet 302 for further solid-liquid separation.
The second solid-liquid separation device 4 is provided with a material inlet 401, a liquid-phase material outlet 402 and a solid kitchen waste outlet 403. The second solid-liquid separation device can also adopt one or the combination of a screw extrusion dehydrator, a centrifugal dehydrator or a belt filter press; compared with the first solid-liquid separation device 3, the second solid-liquid separation device needs small solid particles in the slurry, so the number of the filter screens of the second solid-liquid separation device is larger. The dehydrated slurry enters a second solid-liquid separation device 4 through a material inlet 401 for further solid-liquid separation, and then the solid kitchen waste is conveyed to a dehydrated kitchen waste conveying device 10 through a solid kitchen waste outlet 403 and conveyed to a kitchen waste and household waste mixing system through the dehydrated kitchen waste conveying device 10 to be mixed with the household waste. The liquid phase material is sent to the oil extraction device 5 through the liquid phase material outlet 402 for oil-water separation.
And an oil extraction device 5 for performing oil extraction treatment on the liquid-phase material subjected to solid-liquid separation by the second solid-liquid separation device 4 to separate oil from water. And (3) after oil-water separation, conveying the oil-phase material, namely the crude oil, positioned on the upper layer into a heating system 6 for heating, and then conveying the heated crude oil into a garbage pyrolysis system for pyrolysis. And (4) conveying the lower water phase into a sewage treatment device for harmless treatment, and discharging after reaching the standard. The heating system 6 adopts electric heating or gas heating. The heating system 6 controls the temperature of the conveyed crude oil to be 60-80 ℃ through heating. The crude oil on the upper layer of the oil extraction device 5 is heated by the heating system 6, so that the crude oil conveying pipeline and the pump are ensured not to be solidified and blocked when the ambient temperature is lower all the year round.
The kitchen waste conveying device 10 comprises a belt conveyor 1001 and a conveying device shell 1002 arranged outside the belt conveyor; the shell of the conveying device is provided with a solid kitchen waste inlet of the first solid-liquid separation device and a solid kitchen waste inlet of the second solid-liquid separation device 4, and the solid kitchen waste after solid-liquid separation is conveyed to the belt conveyor. The shell of the conveying device is also provided with a hot air inlet 1003, an air outlet 1004 and a material outlet 1005; both the air outlet 1004 and the material outlet 1005 are located at the output end of the belt conveyor 1001, with the material outlet 1005 located. The discharging is convenient under the shell of the conveying device.
In order to reduce the occupied area of a space plane, each device is reasonably arranged in a layering mode as much as possible, and the space volume utilization rate is fully improved; meanwhile, the conveying speed is accelerated by utilizing the action of gravity.
Domestic waste and kitchen garbage hybrid system is including rubbish receiving pool 11, is provided with rubbish hall 1102 of unloading on 11 upper portion one sides in rubbish receiving pool, and rubbish hall of unloading is with rubbish receiving pool intercommunication. The garbage discharging hall is provided with an electric rolling shutter door 1101, and the household garbage transport vehicle enters the garbage discharging hall 1102 through the electric rolling shutter door 1101 and dumps the household garbage into the garbage receiving pool 11. Be provided with at the top of rubbish receiving pool 11 and grab material driving 1103, be provided with feeder hopper 1104 at rubbish receiving pool opposite side, feeder hopper 1104 feed end is located rubbish receiving pool 11, and the discharge end is located the outside rubbish pyrolysis gasifier 12's in rubbish receiving pool top, grabs material driving 1103 and snatchs domestic waste and kitchen garbage's mixture, delivers to the pyrolysis gasification in the rubbish pyrolysis gasifier 12 through feeder hopper 1104. Heating air openings are distributed at the bottom and the side wall of the feed hopper 1104, and heating air openings for supplying heat air enter the feed hopper 1104 to heat garbage in the feed hopper; and simultaneously the air after heating the garbage enters the garbage receiving tank 11.
The garbage receiving pool 11 is a negative pressure closed type workshop, the electric rolling door 1101 is only opened when the domestic garbage transport vehicle unloads, and the electric rolling door 1101 is closed at the rest time, so that the dirty air is prevented from leaking and the environment is prevented from being polluted.
The discharge end of the kitchen waste conveying device 10 extends into the waste receiving tank 11 from one side, and the air outlet 1004 and the material outlet 1005 are respectively located in the waste receiving tank 11. The solid kitchen waste after dehydration and solid-liquid separation is conveyed to a waste receiving pool 11 through a material outlet 1005 by a kitchen waste conveying device 10 and is stacked and mixed with household waste at the bottom of the waste receiving pool. The air outlet 1004 can output the air in the kitchen waste conveying device 10 to the waste receiving tank 11, so as to avoid environmental pollution. The mixed garbage in the garbage receiving pool is sent into a pyrolysis gasification furnace for pyrolysis gasification after being stacked for 5 to 7 days.
The discharge end of the kitchen waste conveying device 10 and a waste discharging hall need to be kept a sufficient distance from the bottom of the waste receiving pool 11, kitchen waste and household waste fall into the waste receiving pool through gravity, the space volume is fully utilized, and other external forces are not needed for operation such as rolling and stacking.
The bottom outside that is close to kitchen garbage pretreatment system one side at rubbish receiving pool 11 is provided with filtration liquid collection device 9, and filtration liquid collection device 9 is the storage pool structure, through filter screen and 11 bottom intercommunications in rubbish receiving pool for percolate in the collection rubbish receiving pool 11.
The leachate concentrating device 8 is communicated with the leachate collecting device 9, the leachate collected by the leachate collecting device 9 is concentrated to obtain supernatant and concentrated solution, and the solid content of the concentrated solution is 10-20%. And sending the concentrated solution to a garbage pyrolysis gasification furnace 12 for spray pyrolysis. And conveying the sludge at the bottom of the percolate collecting device 9 to a kitchen waste conveying device 10, then conveying the sludge to a waste receiving pool, and then conveying the sludge to a waste pyrolysis gasification furnace for treatment.
And the sewage treatment device 7 is used for sending the supernatant generated after concentration to the sewage treatment device 7 for treatment, and sending the water-phase material subjected to oil extraction treatment by the oil extraction device to the sewage treatment device 7 for treatment. The sewage treatment device 7 treats the water phase material after the oil extraction treatment and the supernatant liquid of the percolate concentration device 8 and discharges the water phase material after reaching the standard.
The garbage pyrolysis system comprises a garbage pyrolysis gasifier 12 and a pyrolysis gas combustion utilization device 13.
The waste pyrolysis gasifier 12 is an updraft fixed bed gasifier. The system comprises a garbage feeding hole 1201, a concentrated percolate atomizing and spraying device 1202, a crude oil atomizing and spraying device 1203, a gasification furnace body 1204, a combustible gas outlet 1205, a combustor 1206, a gasifying agent inlet 1207 and a slag collecting and utilizing system 1208.
The waste feeding hole 1201 is positioned above the gasification furnace body 1204, and a feeding hopper 1104 is arranged above the waste feeding hole 1201; the mixed household garbage and kitchen garbage in the garbage receiving pool 11 are grabbed into the feed hopper 1104 through the grabbing and travelling crane, and the garbage is sent into the garbage pyrolysis gasification furnace through the feed hopper 1104 and the garbage feed port 1201.
A concentrated percolate atomizing and spraying device 1202 and a crude oil atomizing and spraying device 1203 are arranged at the top in the gasification furnace body on one side of the garbage feeding hole 1201. The combustible gas outlet 1205 and the burner 1206 are respectively located at the upper part of the gasification furnace. The gasifying agent inlet 1207 is positioned at one side of the lower part of the gasification furnace, and the slag collecting and utilizing system 1208 is positioned at the bottom of the gasification furnace. The burner 1206 is a diesel burner or a biogas burner or a natural gas burner or an oil-gas mixture burner.
The gasifying agent is fed into the garbage pyrolysis gasification furnace 12 through a gasifying agent inlet 1207 at the lower part of the gasification furnace, the pyrolysis gasification reaction temperature in the garbage pyrolysis gasification furnace 12 is 550-900 ℃, the solid phase residence time is 8-25 s, the gas phase residence time is 0.3-1.8 s, and the excess air coefficient is 0.5-0.7. Concentrated solution concentrated by the percolate concentrating device 8 is conveyed into the pyrolysis gasification furnace and is sprayed into the furnace body from the upper part of the furnace body through a concentrated percolate atomizing and spraying device 1202 to carry out pyrolysis gasification on the concentrated solution. The crude oil heated by the heating system 6 is conveyed into the pyrolysis gasifier and is sprayed into the garbage pyrolysis gasifier 12 for combustion as fuel through a crude oil atomization spraying device 1203; the burner 1206 is used as a furnace starting ignition device and a combustion-supporting device and works when the load of a furnace starting or processing system is low or the calorific value of garbage entering the furnace is low. The system is used for compensating the heat imbalance of the system when the heat value of the garbage entering the furnace is lower or the load of the processing system is lower, the normal operation of the pyrolysis gasification furnace is kept, the slag generated by gasification is discharged out of the gasification furnace through the slag collection and utilization system 1208 to be reused as resources, the slag collection and utilization system 1208 adopts a wet method to discharge slag, the slag is discharged through a wet slag extractor, and the discharged slag can be used as a low-grade road subgrade material to be recycled. The combustible gas outlet 1205 delivers the fuel gas generated in the pyrolysis gasifier to the pyrolysis gas combustion utilization device 13.
The pyrolysis gas combustion utilization device 13 is a gas turbine generator set or an internal combustion engine generator set or a gas heating boiler, before combustion utilization, gas generated by the pyrolysis gasifier is subjected to gas pretreatment according to model selection of the pyrolysis gas combustion utilization device 13, and the gas pretreatment comprises heating, tar removal, dust removal, reforming and the like. The pyrolysis gas combustion utilization device 13 outputs and utilizes energy sources such as electric energy and heat energy generated by burning gas, and the generated low-grade heat energy, namely high-temperature flue gas, enters the waste heat utilization system 14.
The waste heat utilization system 14 adopts a heat exchanger for recovering low-grade heat energy, i.e. high-temperature flue gas, generated by the pyrolysis gas combustion utilization device 13. Normal-temperature air led out from the garbage receiving tank 11 through the draught fan 1401 enters the waste heat utilization system 14, and exchanges heat with high-temperature flue gas in the waste heat utilization system 14, so that the energy utilization efficiency is further improved, and the energy gradient utilization is realized. The heated hot air is divided into three paths for output, one path of hot air enters the feed hopper 1104 through a heating air port on the feed hopper 1104 through the air blower 1402 and is used for heating the garbage, and simultaneously enters the garbage receiving pool 11 through the feed hopper 1104, so that the micro-negative pressure in the garbage receiving pool 11 is kept, and the odor in the garbage receiving pool 11 can be prevented from being diffused. One path enters the garbage pyrolysis gasification furnace 12 through a gasification agent inlet 1207 to heat the gasification agent; the other path of the waste heat is introduced into the shell of the conveying device through a hot air inlet 1003 on the dehydrated kitchen conveying device 10 to heat the waste on the conveying belt, the heated air with reduced temperature enters the waste receiving pool 11 through an air outlet 1004 to keep the interior of the waste receiving pool 11 at a slightly negative pressure, and the air in the waste receiving pool 11 enters the waste heat utilization system 14 through an induced draft fan 1401 to be recycled.
After the waste heat utilization system 14 exchanges heat, the flue gas with the reduced temperature enters a flue gas purification system 15, and the flue gas is subjected to denitration, desulfurization, dust removal, dechlorination, dioxin treatment, fly ash stabilization treatment and the like; and discharging the purified flue gas after reaching the standard.
The following examples are given by way of illustration.
Example 1
In the embodiment, the kitchen waste and household waste collaborative pyrolysis treatment system is used for implementing collaborative harmless treatment and energy utilization of the kitchen waste and the household waste.
The daily feeding amount of the household garbage is 60t, the water content is 45%, the low-grade calorific value is 5500kJ/kg, the daily feeding amount of the kitchen garbage is 10t/d, the water content is 80%, and the oil content is 5%.
Kitchen waste is sent to receiving arrangement 1 through the garbage transport vechicle and is stored, then sends kitchen waste to breaker 2 through the spiral discharger and carries out the breakage in, and kitchen waste after the breakage is because moisture content is very high, is carried to dewater in first solid-liquid separation device 3, obtains solid kitchen waste and thick liquid, and solid content of solid kitchen waste is 37%, carries solid kitchen waste to kitchen waste conveyor 10 on. The dehydrated slurry also contains certain solid garbage, the dehydrated slurry is sent to a second solid-liquid separation device 4 for further solid-liquid separation, the separated solid kitchen garbage is sent to a kitchen garbage conveying device 10 through a conveying device, and the water content of the dehydrated solid kitchen garbage and the solid kitchen garbage after solid-liquid separation is about 62%; the kitchen waste is continuously heated by hot air in the conveying process on the kitchen waste conveying device 10, and the water content of the kitchen waste entering the waste receiving pool 11 is reduced to 53%.
Liquid phase materials generated after separation are sent to an oil extraction device 5 for oil extraction treatment, crude oil on the upper layer is collected and conveyed to a heating system 6 to be heated to 75 ℃, then is conveyed to a pyrolysis gasification furnace through a pipeline, and is sprayed to a hearth of the pyrolysis gasification furnace through a crude oil atomization spraying device for pyrolysis gasification.
And (3) conveying the water-phase material subjected to oil extraction treatment by the oil extraction device to a sewage treatment device 7, performing harmless treatment, and discharging after reaching the standard.
And opening the electric rolling shutter door, enabling the garbage truck loading the household garbage to pass through the electric rolling shutter door, unloading in the garbage unloading hall, and enabling the household garbage to fall into the garbage receiving pool 11 from the unloading hall under the action of gravity to be mixed with the pretreated kitchen garbage for stacking. After the domestic garbage and the kitchen waste entering the garbage receiving pool are stacked for 7 days, the total moisture content of the mixed garbage is further reduced to 38%, the mixed garbage is conveyed to the feed hopper through the material grabbing and travelling crane, and under the heating of hot air of the air blower, the total moisture content of the mixed garbage in the feed hopper is reduced to 32% and then enters the hearth of the pyrolysis gasifier for pyrolysis and gasification. The heated air enters through a gasifying agent inlet at the bottom of the gasification furnace, the temperature of the heated air is 95 ℃, and the coefficient of excess air in the gasification furnace is 0.6. The gasification temperature in the gasifier is 810 ℃, the solid phase retention time is 15s, and the gas phase retention time is 1.2 s.
The leachate at the bottom of the garbage receiving pool 11 is collected by a leachate collecting device 9 and then is conveyed to a leachate concentrating device 8 for concentration, supernatant and concentrated solution are generated after concentration, and the solid content of the concentrated solution reaches 13%. And (3) delivering the concentrated solution to a leachate atomization spraying device arranged in a pyrolysis gasification furnace, spraying the leachate atomization spraying device into a hearth for pyrolysis gasification, delivering the supernatant to a sewage treatment device 7 for harmless treatment, and discharging the supernatant after the harmless treatment reaches the standard.
The gas generated by pyrolysis and gasification enters a gas heating boiler 13 for combustion, and the gas heating boiler supplies heat for external heat users. High-temperature flue gas generated after being utilized by the gas boiler enters the waste heat utilization system 14, heat exchange is carried out through the waste heat utilization system, air from the garbage receiving pool is heated to 95 ℃, and then the heated air is divided into three paths to respectively enter a feed hopper of the pyrolysis gasifier, a gasification agent inlet and a kitchen garbage conveying device for heating. The flue gas after heat exchange by the waste heat utilization system is discharged after reaching the standard through the purification treatment of dust removal, dechlorination, denitration, desulfurization, dioxin treatment and the like of the flue gas purification system, and slag produced by pyrolysis gasification is discharged through wet-process slag discharge and then is recycled.
Example 2
In this embodiment, the kitchen waste and household waste collaborative pyrolysis treatment system is used for implementing collaborative harmless treatment and energy utilization of the kitchen waste and household waste. In the embodiment, the daily feeding amount of the household garbage is 220t, the water content is 51%, the lower calorific value is 5100kJ/kg, the daily feeding amount of the kitchen garbage is 20t/d, the water content is 85%, and the oil content is 4%.
Kitchen waste is sent to receiving arrangement 1 through the garbage transport vechicle and is stored, then sends kitchen waste to breaker 2 through the spiral discharger and carries out the breakage in, and kitchen waste after the breakage is because moisture content is very high, is carried to and dewaters in first solid-liquid separation device 3, obtains solid kitchen waste and thick liquid, and solid kitchen waste solid content is 36%, carries solid kitchen waste to on the kitchen waste conveyor 10. The dehydrated slurry also contains certain solid garbage, the dehydrated slurry is sent to a second solid-liquid separation device 4 for further solid-liquid separation, the separated solid kitchen garbage is sent to a kitchen garbage conveying device 10 through a conveying device, and the water content of the dehydrated solid kitchen garbage and the solid kitchen garbage after solid-liquid separation is about 65%; the kitchen waste is continuously heated by hot air in the conveying process on the kitchen waste conveying device 10, and the water content of the kitchen waste entering the waste receiving pool 11 is reduced to 57%.
Liquid phase materials generated after separation are sent to an oil extraction device 5 for oil extraction treatment, crude oil on the upper layer is collected and conveyed to a heating system 6 to be heated to 72 ℃, then is conveyed to a pyrolysis gasification furnace through a pipeline, and is sprayed to a hearth of the pyrolysis gasification furnace through a crude oil atomization spraying device for pyrolysis gasification.
And (3) conveying the water-phase material subjected to oil extraction treatment by the oil extraction device to a sewage treatment device 7, performing harmless treatment, and discharging after reaching the standard.
And opening the electric rolling shutter door, enabling the garbage truck loading the household garbage to pass through the electric rolling shutter door, unloading in the garbage unloading hall, and enabling the household garbage to fall into the garbage receiving pool 11 from the unloading hall under the action of gravity to be mixed with the pretreated kitchen garbage for stacking. After the domestic garbage and the kitchen waste entering the garbage receiving pool are stacked for 5 days, the total moisture content of the mixed garbage is further reduced to 43%, the mixed garbage is conveyed to the feed hopper through the material grabbing and travelling crane, and under the heating of hot air of the air blower, the total moisture content of the mixed garbage in the feed hopper is reduced to 37% and then enters the hearth of the pyrolysis gasifier for pyrolysis and gasification. The heated air enters through a gasifying agent inlet at the bottom of the gasification furnace, the temperature of the heated air is 100 ℃, and the excess air coefficient in the gasification furnace is 0.65. The gasification temperature in the gasification furnace is 890 ℃, the solid phase retention time is 20s, the gas phase retention time is 1.6s, and in order to ensure good reaction working conditions in the pyrolysis gasification furnace, a diesel burner is adopted for supporting combustion.
The leachate at the bottom of the garbage receiving pool 11 is collected by a leachate collecting device 9 and then is conveyed to a leachate concentrating device 8 for concentration, supernatant and concentrated solution are generated after concentration, and the solid content of the concentrated solution reaches 12%. And (3) delivering the concentrated solution to a leachate atomization spraying device arranged in a pyrolysis gasification furnace, spraying the leachate atomization spraying device into a hearth for pyrolysis gasification, delivering the supernatant to a sewage treatment device 7 for harmless treatment, and discharging the supernatant after the harmless treatment reaches the standard.
The gas generated by pyrolysis gasification enters a gas turbine generator set 13 for combustion, the pyrolysis gasification gas is subjected to tar and dust removal pretreatment before entering the gas turbine, and then enters the gas turbine generator set, the power generation part of the gas turbine generator set is used for system power consumption, and the rest part of the gas turbine generator set enters a power grid for consumption. The high-temperature flue gas after being utilized by the gas turbine generator set enters a waste heat utilization system 14, heat exchange is carried out through the waste heat utilization system, the air from the garbage receiving pool is heated to 100 ℃, and then the heated air is divided into three paths to respectively enter a feed hopper of a pyrolysis gasifier, a gasification agent inlet and a kitchen garbage conveying device for heating. The flue gas after heat exchange by the waste heat utilization system is discharged after reaching the standard through the purification treatment of dust removal, dechlorination, denitration, desulfurization, dioxin treatment and the like of the flue gas purification system, and slag produced by pyrolysis gasification is discharged through wet-process slag discharge and then is recycled.
Claims (9)
1. A kitchen waste and household waste collaborative pyrolysis treatment system is characterized by comprising a kitchen waste pretreatment system, a household waste and kitchen waste mixing system, a sewage treatment device, a waste pyrolysis system, a waste heat utilization system and a flue gas purification system;
the kitchen waste pretreatment system comprises a receiving device, a crushing device, a first solid-liquid separation device, a second solid-liquid separation device, an oil extraction device and a kitchen waste conveying device;
the receiving device is used for sending the received kitchen waste to the crushing device for crushing;
the first solid-liquid separation device is used for dehydrating the crushed kitchen waste to obtain slurry and solid kitchen waste;
the second solid-liquid separation device is used for further carrying out solid-liquid separation on the dehydrated slurry to obtain solid kitchen waste and liquid-phase materials;
the oil extraction device is used for carrying out oil extraction treatment on the liquid-phase material subjected to solid-liquid separation to separate oil from water to obtain an oil-phase material and a water-phase material, and the water-phase material is sent to the sewage treatment device for harmless treatment;
the kitchen waste conveying device is used for conveying solid kitchen waste subjected to solid-liquid separation to a household waste and kitchen waste mixing system;
the household garbage and kitchen garbage mixing system is used for mixing and stacking household garbage and pretreated kitchen garbage;
the garbage pyrolysis system is used for carrying out pyrolysis gasification on the mixed domestic garbage, kitchen garbage, oil phase materials subjected to oil extraction treatment and concentrated solution of leachate in the domestic garbage and kitchen garbage mixing system, and outputting and utilizing electric energy or heat energy generated after generated fuel gas is combusted as energy;
the waste heat utilization system exchanges heat between the high-temperature flue gas generated after combustion of the fuel gas and normal-temperature air at the household garbage and kitchen garbage mixing system and feeds the heat back to the pyrolysis treatment system;
the sewage treatment device carries out innocent treatment on the concentrated supernatant of the percolate of the domestic garbage and kitchen garbage mixing system and the water-phase material after the oil extraction treatment of the kitchen garbage;
the flue gas purification system purifies the flue gas that produces the garbage pyrolysis system and removes dust, dechlorination, desulfurization, denitration, dioxin desorption purification standard-reaching treatment.
2. The kitchen waste and household waste collaborative pyrolysis treatment system according to claim 1, wherein the kitchen waste pretreatment system further comprises a heating system, and the oil phase material subjected to oil extraction treatment is heated by the heating system and then conveyed to a waste pyrolysis system for pyrolysis.
3. The system for the collaborative pyrolysis treatment of kitchen waste and household waste according to claim 1, wherein the kitchen waste conveying device comprises a closed housing, a hot air inlet is formed at a housing feeding end, and an air outlet and a material outlet are formed at a discharging end.
4. The system for the collaborative pyrolysis treatment of kitchen waste and household waste according to claim 1, wherein the system for mixing the household waste and the kitchen waste comprises a waste receiving tank, a feed hopper is arranged on one side of the upper part of the waste receiving tank, the feed end of the feed hopper is positioned in the waste receiving tank, and the discharge end of the feed hopper is positioned outside the waste receiving tank to supply a material for the waste pyrolysis system; a domestic garbage discharging hall is arranged at one side of the upper part of the garbage receiving pool and used for discharging domestic garbage to the garbage receiving pool; the kitchen waste conveying device of the kitchen waste pretreatment system conveys the pretreated solid kitchen waste to a waste receiving pool to be mixed with household waste; be provided with the filtration liquid collection device who collects rubbish and receive pond bottom portion filtration liquid in the rubbish receiving tank bottom outside, filtration liquid collection device is connected with filtration liquid enrichment facility, and filtration liquid enrichment facility sends the supernatant that produces after the concentration to sewage treatment plant innocent treatment, sends the concentrate to the pyrolysis of rubbish pyrolysis system.
5. The system for collaborative pyrolysis treatment of kitchen waste and household waste according to claim 4, wherein the waste receiving pool is a negative pressure closed type factory building, and an air outlet and a material outlet at a discharge end of the kitchen waste conveying device are located in the waste receiving pool.
6. The kitchen waste and household waste collaborative pyrolysis treatment system according to claim 1, wherein the waste pyrolysis system comprises a waste pyrolysis gasification furnace and a pyrolysis gas combustion utilization device; the garbage pyrolysis gasification furnace is used for pyrolyzing and gasifying the household garbage and the kitchen garbage from the garbage receiving pool and the treated concentrated percolate and oil-phase materials; the pyrolysis gas combustion utilization device combusts and utilizes gas generated in the pyrolysis gasification furnace, and generated electric energy or heat energy is used as energy to be output and utilized.
7. The kitchen waste and household waste collaborative pyrolysis treatment system according to claim 6, wherein a leachate atomization spraying device, a crude oil atomization spraying device, a gas outlet and a combustor are arranged at the top inside the waste pyrolysis gasification furnace; a feeding hopper of a garbage receiving tank is arranged above the feeding hole of the garbage pyrolysis gasification furnace; one side of the lower part of the pyrolysis gasification furnace is provided with a gasification agent inlet, and the bottom of the pyrolysis gasification furnace is provided with a slag collecting and utilizing system; concentrated solution obtained by concentrating percolate at the bottom of the garbage receiving pool is sent to a percolate atomization spraying device to be sprayed into a hearth for pyrolysis, and oil phase materials extracted by the oil extraction device of the kitchen garbage are heated and then sent to a crude oil atomization spraying device to be sprayed into the hearth for pyrolysis.
8. The kitchen waste and household waste collaborative pyrolysis treatment system according to claim 6, wherein the pyrolysis gas combustion utilization device performs pretreatment before gas combustion.
9. The system for the cooperative pyrolysis treatment of kitchen waste and household waste according to claim 1, wherein the waste heat utilization system divides hot air subjected to heat exchange into three paths for feedback output, and the other path is conveyed to the kitchen waste conveying device to heat the waste and then enters the waste receiving pool; one path of the garbage is conveyed to a feed hopper of the garbage receiving pool to heat the garbage and then enters the garbage receiving pool; one path is conveyed to the inlet of the gasification agent of the pyrolysis gasification furnace to be used as the gasification agent.
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| CN114484439A (en) * | 2022-01-17 | 2022-05-13 | 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Kitchen waste and household waste collaborative pyrolysis treatment system and method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114484439A (en) * | 2022-01-17 | 2022-05-13 | 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Kitchen waste and household waste collaborative pyrolysis treatment system and method |
| CN114484439B (en) * | 2022-01-17 | 2024-08-02 | 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Kitchen waste and household garbage collaborative pyrolysis treatment system and method |
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