CN111284321A - 用于混合动力车辆的传动系 - Google Patents

用于混合动力车辆的传动系 Download PDF

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CN111284321A
CN111284321A CN201911241531.9A CN201911241531A CN111284321A CN 111284321 A CN111284321 A CN 111284321A CN 201911241531 A CN201911241531 A CN 201911241531A CN 111284321 A CN111284321 A CN 111284321A
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transmission
input
output side
electric machine
drive train
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S.帕斯托斯
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BorgWarner Inc
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H7/00—Gearings for conveying rotary motion by endless flexible members
    • F16H7/06—Gearings for conveying rotary motion by endless flexible members with chains
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于具有燃烧发动机（4）、电机（6）和变速器（8）的混合动力车辆的传动系（2），其中该燃烧发动机（4）的输出侧（12）与该变速器（8）的输入侧（28）和该电机（6）的输入输出侧（20）处于或能够进入旋转同步连接，并且该电机（6）的输入输出侧（20）与该变速器（8）的输入侧（28）处于或能够进入旋转同步连接，使得该电机（6）的输入输出侧（20）的转速能够1：1地传输到该变速器（8）的输入侧（28）。该燃烧发动机（4）的输出侧（12）的转速能够藉由齿轮传动装置（10）以小于1的传动比传输到该变速器（8）的输入侧（28）。

Description

用于混合动力车辆的传动系
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于具有燃烧发动机、电机和变速器的混合动力车辆的传动系，其中燃烧发动机的输出侧与变速器的输入侧和电机的输入输出侧处于或可以进入旋转同步连接，并且电机的输入输出侧与变速器的输入侧处于或可以进入旋转同步连接，使得电机的输入输出侧的转速可以1 : 1地传输到变速器的输入侧。
背景技术
从实践中已知用于混合动力车辆的不同的传动系。这些混合动力车辆具有燃烧发动机、电机和变速器。在已知的传动系中，燃烧发动机的输出侧与变速器的输入侧和电机（该电机一般由转子构成）的输入输出侧可以进入旋转同步连接，使得变速器以及电机的输入输出侧都可以用燃烧发动机的转矩进行加载，其中后一种情况例如在电机作为发电机运行时是必需的。电机的输入输出侧进而与变速器的输入侧处于旋转同步连接，以便实现例如变速器的纯电力驱动。通常，电机藉由齿轮传动装置接入传动系中，燃烧发动机和变速器相继地布置在该传动系中。在此，齿轮传动装置具有大于1的传动比，从而将电机的相对高的转速降速（ins Langsame）传动，以便适配于燃烧发动机和变速器的经相互适配的最大转速。在这种构型中，电机可以实施为相对小型构造。此外，已知的是将电机直接插入燃烧发动机与变速器之间的传动系中并且免除齿轮传动装置，使得电机输入输出侧的转速可以1比1地传输到变速器的输入侧。由此，电机以及变速器可以设计为用于更高的转速并且因此用于更低的转矩，这产生了电机和变速器的更小并且更节约空间的构造。然而，电机和变速器的最大转速的确定受到所使用的燃烧发动机限制。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的在于，改进所属类型的传动系，使得这个传动系可以设计为用于高转速和低转矩，并且具有节约空间的、紧凑的构造。
这个目的是通过在权利要求1中给出的特征而实现的。本发明的有利的实施方式是从属权利要求的主题。
根据本发明的用于混合动力车辆的传动系具有燃烧发动机、电机和变速器。电机优选地可以作为电动机和发电机运行。燃烧发动机具有输出侧，该输出侧与变速器的输入侧和电机的输入输出侧处于旋转同步连接或可进入旋转同步连接，例如藉由中间连接的离合装置。电机的输入输出侧优选地由电机的转子构成，该电机以经典方式由定子和转子组装成。此外，电机的输入输出侧与变速器的输入侧处于旋转同步连接或至少可以与变速器的输入侧进入旋转同步连接，例如藉由离合装置。在此，电机的输入输出侧与变速器的输入侧处于旋转同步连接或可以与变速器的输入侧进入旋转同步连接，使得电机的输入输出侧的转速可以1比1地传输到变速器的输入侧。以这种方式，电机以及变速器可以设计为用于特别高转速和低转矩，使得它们可以形成为特别小型构造。然而为了在此不受到燃烧发动机的设计限制，燃烧发动机的输出侧的转速可以藉由齿轮传动装置以小于1的传动比传输到变速器的输入侧或电机的输入输出侧。换言之，藉由齿轮传动装置将燃烧发动机的输出侧的转速升速（ins Schnelle）传动到变速器的输入侧和电机的输入输出侧。以这种方式，在燃烧发动机的输出侧的与电机和变速器相比相对低的转速可以适配电机和变速器的较高转速，而不必一方面对燃烧发动机或另一方面对电机和变速器在结构上进行适配（这最后会导致在电机和变速器侧的更大的构造方式）。还保证了燃烧发动机相对于电机和变速器的相对灵活的布置。
在根据本发明的传动系的一个有利的实施方式中，齿轮传动装置在燃烧发动机的输出侧与变速器的输入侧或电机的输入输出侧之间的传动比小于0.75，以实现燃烧发动机的输出侧的转速对具有较高转速的电机和变速器的有利适配。
在根据本发明的传动系的一个特别有利的实施方式中，电机的输入输出侧与变速器的输入侧共轴地布置，其中也可以说“在线（Inline）”布置。
为了获得灵活和尽可能节省构造空间的传动系布置，在根据本发明的传动系的一个优选的实施方式中，燃烧发动机的输出侧与变速器的输入侧以轴平行或不共轴的方式布置。
在根据本发明的传动系的一个特别优选的实施方式中，齿轮传动装置形成为牵引传动装置（Zugmittelgetriebe），以创造同样可靠并且节省构造空间的齿轮传动装置，该齿轮传动装置此外保证了在燃烧发动机的输出侧与变速器的输入侧或电机的输入输出侧之间更大的间隔。在此背景下，已经证明有利的是尤其呈链传动装置形式的牵引传动装置。
在形成为牵引传动装置的齿轮传动装置的一个有利的替代方案中，在根据本发明的传动系的另一个有利的实施方式中已经证实为有用的是形成为行星齿轮传动装置或正齿轮传动装置的齿轮传动装置。
在根据本发明的传动系的另一个有利的实施方式中设有离合装置，例如片式离合器，用于在燃烧发动机的输出侧与齿轮传动装置的传动装置输入侧之间的选择性转矩传输。替代地或补充地，在齿轮传动装置的传动装置输出侧与电机的输入输出侧之间设有这样的离合装置。前一种变体因此可以实现，当变速器例如应完全由电机驱动时，将燃烧发动机脱耦。这在原理上也可以通过后一种变体实现，其中第二种变体因此是优选的，即不仅燃烧发动机而且齿轮传动装置均可以从电机的输入输出侧退耦，使得在由电机电力驱动变速器时不必同时驱动齿轮传动装置本身。第三种变体可以形成上述两个变体的组合。
根据本发明的传动系的另一个有利的实施方式，此外设有第二离合装置，该第二离合装置用于在电机的输入输出侧与变速器的输入侧之间的选择性转矩传输。
在根据本发明的传动系的另一个有利的实施方式中，第二离合装置形成为双离合装置，用于在电机的输入输出侧与变速器的第一输入侧之间的选择性扭矩传输以及在电机的输入输出侧与变速器的第二输入侧之间的选择性扭矩传输。变速器的第一和第二输入侧在此优选地彼此共轴地布置。具有第一和第二任输入侧的变速器也优选地形成为双离合变速器。
在根据本发明的传动系的另一个特别优选的实施方式中，第二离合装置形成为片式离合器或双片式离合器。在此已经证实为有利的是，该片式离合器或双片式离合器为湿式运行或/和可液压操作的片式离合器或双片式离合器。
为了降低传动系在轴向方向上的结构长度，在根据本发明的传动系的另一个优选的实施方式中，将形成为双片式离合器的第二离合装置形成为同心的双片式离合器，其中这两个片式离合器的盘片组在径向方向上至少部分嵌套布置。
附图说明
下面借助示例性实施方式并且参考附图来详细解说本发明。在附图中：
图1示出第一实施方式中的用于混合动力车辆的传动系的示意图，
图2示出第二实施方式中的用于混合动力车辆的传动系的示意图，
图3示出第三实施方式中的用于混合动力车辆的传动系的示意图，并且
图4示出第四实施方式中的用于混合动力车辆的传动系的示意图。
附图标记列表
2 传动系
4 燃烧发动机
6 电机
8 变速器
10 齿轮传动装置
12 燃烧发动机的输出侧
14 齿轮传动装置的传动装置输入侧
16 第一离合装置
18 齿轮传动装置的传动装置输出侧
20 电机的输入输出侧
22 定子
24 转子
26 第二离合装置
28 变速器的输入侧
30 第一离合器
32 第二离合器
34 变速器的第二输入侧。
具体实施方式
图1示出用于混合动力车辆的传动系2的实施方式。传动系2具有燃烧发动机4、电机6、变速器8和齿轮传动装置10。
燃烧发动机4具有输出侧12。燃烧发动机4的输出侧12藉由第一离合装置16与齿轮传动装置10的传动装置输入侧14处于旋转同步连接。第一离合装置16用于燃烧发动机4的输出侧12与齿轮传动装置10的传动装置输入侧14之间的选择性转矩传输。
齿轮传动装置10在展示的实施方式中形成为牵引传动装置，优选地形成为链传动装置。燃烧发动机4的输出侧12的转速因此可以藉由第一离合装置16传输到齿轮传动装置10的传动装置输入侧14，并且藉由具有小于1的传动比的齿轮传动装置10传输到齿轮传动装置10的传动装置输出侧18。换言之，齿轮传动装置10的传动装置输入侧14的转速升速传动到齿轮传动装置10的传动装置输出侧18。
齿轮传动装置10的传动装置输出侧18进而与电机6的输入输出侧20处于旋转同步连接。电机6具有定子22和形成电机6的输入输出侧20的转子24。此外，电机6的输入输出侧20藉由第二离合装置26与变速器8的输入侧28处于旋转同步连接。由此，第二离合装置26用于电机6的输入输出侧20与变速器8的输入侧28之间的选择性转矩传输。第二离合装置26优选地形成为湿式运行和/或可液压操作的片式离和器。第一离合器16优选也是这种情况。当第二离合装置26闭合时，电机6的输入输出侧20的转速可以1比1地传输到变速器8的输入侧28。电机6的输入输出侧20也与变速器8的输入侧28共轴地布置，从而也可以称作“在线”布置。
燃烧发动机4的输出侧12与电机6的输入输出侧20并且与变速器8的输入侧28以轴平行的方式布置，从而也可说：燃烧发动机4的输出侧12与变速器8的输入侧28并且与电机6的输入侧20不共轴地布置。输出侧12与输入输出侧20以及输入侧28的对应的偏置在此通过齿轮传动装置10跨接，该齿轮传动装置优选具有小于0.75的传动比，以便获得在齿轮传动装置10的传动装置输出侧18处的有利地提高的转速。
从上述说明可以看出，燃烧发动机4的输出侧12藉由第一离合装置16和齿轮传动装置10首先与电机6的输入输出侧20处于或可以进入旋转同步连接，并且此外藉由第二离合装置26与变速器8的输入侧28处于或可以进入旋转同步连接。虽然展示的齿轮传动装置10优选地是呈牵引传动装置的形式，但齿轮传动装置10也可以替代地形成为行星齿轮传动装置或正齿轮传动装置。
图2示出传动系2的第二实施方式，该第二实施方式大体与根据图1的第一实施方式相对应，这样下文将只讨论不同之处，相同的附图标记用于相同或类似的部件，并且上文的说明在其余方面都对应地适用。
与根据图1的第一实施方式不同，第一离合装置16在根据图2的实施方式中不布置在燃烧发动机4的输出侧12与齿轮传动装置10的传动装置输入侧14之间，而是布置在齿轮传动装置10的传动装置输出侧18与呈转子24形式的电机6的输入输出侧20之间。这例如具有以下优点：在纯电力驱动变速器8时，不仅燃烧发动机4的输出侧12而且齿轮传动装置10也可以从电动机器6退耦并且因此还可以从变速器8退耦，使得齿轮传动装置10不必由电机6驱动、需要更少的能量并且此外可以实现特别低噪声的运行。
图3示出传动系2的第三实施方式，该第三实施方式大体与根据图1的第一实施方式相对应，这样下文将只讨论不同之处，相同的附图标记用于相同或类似的部件，并且上文的说明在其余方面都对应地适用。
齿轮传动装置10的传动装置输出侧18在第一和第二实施方式中在背离变速器8的一侧与电机6的输入输出侧20共同作用，而齿轮传动装置10的传动装置输出侧18在根据图3的第三实施方式中在一方面电机6的输入输出侧20与另一方面变速器8的输入侧28之间起作用，以便与这两者处于转动同步连接或可进入旋转同步连接。更确切地说，齿轮传动装置10的传动装置输出侧18在第三实施方式中布置在变速器8的输入侧28与第二离合装置26之间。
图4示出传动系2的第四实施方式，该实施方式大体上与根据图2的第二实施方式相对应，其中下文将只讨论不同之处，相同的附图标记用于相同或类似的部件，并且上文的说明在其余方面都对应地适用。
在第四实施方式中，第二离合装置26形成为双离合装置，该双离合装置具有第一离合器30和第二离合器32。第二离合装置26的这两个离合器30、32形成为湿式运行或/和可液压操作的片式离合器。因此也可以说湿式运行或可液压操作的双片式离合器。双片式离合器还形成为同心双离合器，使得第一和第二离合器30、32或其片组在径向方向上嵌套布置。此外，这两个离合器30、32在径向方向上与定子22和转子24嵌套布置。
变速器8在第四实施方式中以对应的方式形成为双离合变速器，其中第一离合器30用于电机6的输入输出侧20与变速器8的输入侧28之间的选择性转矩传输，并且第二离合器32用于电机6的输入输出侧20与变速器8的另一输入侧34之间的选择性转矩传输。因此参考变速器8也可以说变速器8的第一输入侧28和第二输入侧34。如从图4可以看出的，变速器8的输入侧28和34在径向方向上嵌套布置。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于具有燃烧发动机（4）、电机（6）和变速器（8）的混合动力车辆的传动系（2），其中该燃烧发动机（4）的输出侧（12）与该变速器（8）的输入侧（28）和该电机（6）的输入输出侧（20）处于或能够进入旋转同步连接，并且该电机（6）的输入输出侧（20）与该变速器（8）的输入侧（28）处于或能够进入旋转同步连接，使得该电机（6）的输入输出侧（20）的转速能够1：1地传输到该变速器（8）的输入侧（28），其特征在于，该燃烧发动机（4）的输出侧（12）的转速能够藉由齿轮传动装置（10）以小于1的传动比传输到该变速器（8）的输入侧（28）。
2.根据权利要求1所述的传动系（2），其特征在于，该传动比小于0.75。
3.根据权利要求1或2之一所述的传动系（2），其特征在于，该电机（6）的输入输出侧（20）与该变速器（8）的输入侧（28）共轴地布置。
4.根据权利要求1至3之一所述的传动系（2），其特征在于，该燃烧发动机（4）的输出侧（12）与该变速器（8）的输入侧（28）以轴平行或不共轴的方式布置。
5.根据权利要求1至4之一所述的传动系（2），其特征在于，该齿轮传动装置（10）形成为牵引传动装置，优选形成为链传动装置。
6.根据权利要求1至4之一所述的传动系（2），其特征在于，该齿轮传动装置（10）形成为行星齿轮传动装置或正齿轮传动装置。
7.根据以上权利要求中任一项所述的传动系（2），其特征在于，设有离合装置（16），该离合装置用于在该燃烧发动机（4）的输出侧（12）与该齿轮传动装置（10）的传动装置输入侧（14）之间或/和在该齿轮传动装置（10）的传动装置输出侧（18）与该电机（6）的输入输出侧（20）之间的选择性转矩传输。
8.根据权利要求7所述的传动系（2），其特征在于，设有第二离合装置（26），该第二离合装置用于在该电机（6）的输入输出侧（20）与该变速器（8）的输入侧（28）之间的选择性转矩传输。
9.根据权利要求8所述的传动系（2），其特征在于，该第二离合装置（26）形成为双离合装置，用于在该电机（6）的输入输出侧（20）与该变速器（8）的第一输入侧（28）之间的选择性转矩传输并且用于在该电机（6）的输入输出侧（20）与该变速器（8）的第二输入侧（34）之间的选择性转矩传输。
10.根据权利要求8或9之一所述的传动系（2），其特征在于，该第二离合装置（26）优选地形成为湿式运行或/和能够液压操作的片式离合器或双片式离合器，其中该双片式离合器特别优选地形成为同心双片式离合器。
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