CN111283175B - Device and method for casting heterogeneous metal bar - Google Patents

Device and method for casting heterogeneous metal bar Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111283175B
CN111283175B CN202010233809.4A CN202010233809A CN111283175B CN 111283175 B CN111283175 B CN 111283175B CN 202010233809 A CN202010233809 A CN 202010233809A CN 111283175 B CN111283175 B CN 111283175B
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casting
heterogeneous
metal
metals
mold
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CN111283175A (en
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周浩
瞿振宇
陈雪飞
许梦凝
刘亿
肖礼容
徐涛
李玉胜
曹阳
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Nanjing University of Science and Technology
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Nanjing University of Science and Technology
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D19/00Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
    • B22D19/16Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for making compound objects cast of two or more different metals, e.g. for making rolls for rolling mills
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D13/00Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force
    • B22D13/10Accessories for centrifugal casting apparatus, e.g. moulds, linings therefor, means for feeding molten metal, cleansing moulds, removing castings
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D13/00Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force
    • B22D13/10Accessories for centrifugal casting apparatus, e.g. moulds, linings therefor, means for feeding molten metal, cleansing moulds, removing castings
    • B22D13/108Removing of casting
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B22D17/20Accessories: Details
    • B22D17/22Dies; Die plates; Die supports; Cooling equipment for dies; Accessories for loosening and ejecting castings from dies
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B22D17/20Accessories: Details
    • B22D17/22Dies; Die plates; Die supports; Cooling equipment for dies; Accessories for loosening and ejecting castings from dies
    • B22D17/2236Equipment for loosening or ejecting castings from dies
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/26Methods of annealing
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0068Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22FCHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/08Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of preparation of heterogeneous materials, and particularly relates to a device and a method for casting a heterogeneous metal bar. Alternately casting two or more than two kinds of metal liquid in a centrifugal casting working section to obtain a tubular material with two or more than two kinds of metals arranged in a radial and alternate mode, then filling the core of the casting in a die casting mode to obtain a metal casting with two or more than two kinds of metals arranged in a radial and alternate mode, and performing stress relief annealing treatment after demoulding the obtained metal casting to finally obtain the heterogeneous metal bar with heterogeneous metals arranged in a radial and alternate mode. The heterogeneous metal bar prepared by the method has the characteristics of a heterogeneous material, and the strength and the toughness of the matrix are respectively improved by the various alloy layers, so that the requirement of practical application is met; the method can be used for preparing the large-size heterogeneous metal bar, the microstructure design has flexibility and directivity, the distribution proportion of different microstructures is easy to regulate and control, the yield of the casting is higher, and the application range is wider.

Description

Device and method for casting heterogeneous metal bar
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of preparation of heterogeneous materials, and particularly relates to a device and a method for casting a heterogeneous metal bar.
Background
The metal material is an important material basis for the development of human society, and various metal materials are widely applied to various fields such as aerospace, article packaging and the like. However, the mutual restriction between the strength and the toughness limits the further expansion of the application range. For conventional homogeneous materials, the increase in strength is often accompanied by a significant decrease in toughness, making it difficult to achieve a good match of strength to toughness. The heterogeneous material is composed of a plurality of tissues with obvious strength difference, and a larger strain gradient can be generated near different tissue interfaces in the deformation process, so that obvious back stress is generated to strengthen the material, meanwhile, the back stress work hardening enables the matrix to obtain good plasticity, and finally, the good matching of the strength and the toughness is realized.
The search of the prior art shows that the method for preparing the isomeric material by using the surface mechanical grinding treatment is disclosed in the publication of "duplex by y belt catalysis in the nanometer of gradient structure" (shear band delocalization induced plasticity in the nanometer layer of the gradient structure) of Materials Research Letters (Materials Research promulgated, 7: 1(2019), 12-17) by Fuping Yuan et al. The technology is characterized in that: (1) the process flow is simple, and the production efficiency is high; (2) the prepared material is a gradient material, can realize good matching of strength and toughness, and meets the use requirement. However, this technique also has the following disadvantages: (1) in the prepared material, a fine crystal layer is on the surface, and a coarse crystal layer is in the interior, so that the microstructure cannot be flexibly regulated and controlled; (2) the thickness of the fine crystal layer of the prepared material has a limit, and a large-size sample cannot be prepared, so that the application of the material in the industrial field is limited.
Further retrieval shows that Huang Chongxiang et al in patent CN106929780A, a high strength and toughness micro/nano layered metal material and a preparation method thereof, mention the preparation of high strength and toughness micro/nano layered heterogeneous metal material by a method of 'hot rolling-liquid nitrogen cold rolling-partial recrystallization annealing and rolling reduction circulation-partial recrystallization annealing'. The technology is characterized in that: (1) the prepared material has controllable interface spacing and flexible microstructure design; (2) the technical method has wide application range, and can be used for copper/brass, copper/niobium, magnesium/aluminum and the like. However, this technique also has the following disadvantages: (1) the process of the pack rolling is complex and has high requirements on rolling equipment; (2) the prepared material is a plate and cannot be directly used for preparing workpieces such as wires and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for casting a heterogeneous metal bar. Firstly, alternately casting a plurality of metal liquids in a centrifugal casting working section to obtain a tubular material with a plurality of metals arranged in a radial and alternate manner, then filling the core of the casting by a die casting manner to obtain a metal casting with a plurality of metals arranged in a radial and alternate manner, and performing stress relief annealing treatment after demoulding the obtained metal casting to finally obtain the heterogeneous metal bar with dissimilar metals arranged in a radial and alternate manner.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: a method for casting heterogeneous metal bars comprises the steps of casting two or more kinds of molten metals in a centrifugal casting working section alternately to obtain tubular materials with two or more kinds of metals arranged in a radial and alternate mode, then filling the core of a casting in a die casting mode to obtain metal castings with two or more kinds of metals arranged in a radial and alternate mode, carrying out stress relief annealing treatment on the obtained metal castings after demolding, and finally obtaining heterogeneous metal bars with different kinds of metals arranged in a radial and alternate mode.
Further, the two or more metals have a difference in strength, and no intermediate compound is formed between the metals, and the difference in melting point between the metals is less than 100 ℃.
Further, the two or more metals are both copper or a copper alloy.
Further, the two or more metals are both aluminum or aluminum alloy.
An apparatus for casting a heterogeneous metal bar comprising a power unit: the centrifugal casting device comprises a motor and a belt, wherein the motor is started in a centrifugal casting working section and used for driving a casting mold to rotate, and the motor is stopped in a pressure casting working section;
a casting unit: the device comprises a casting die, a water tank, a rolling body, an outer ring and a feeding trolley, wherein the casting die is connected with a power unit and used for casting a bar;
a heat treatment unit: comprises an annealing furnace, which is used for performing stress relief annealing on the casting to improve the mechanical property.
Further, the method using the above device specifically includes the following steps:
step (1): centrifugal casting: opening the cover plate, starting the motor, carrying out centrifugal casting on the brass metal liquid cast after the feed vehicle is in butt joint with the casting mould, replacing the feed vehicle in the process to prepare the next-pass casting, carrying out heat preservation after the first-pass casting is finished, then carrying out the casting of another metal liquid, and repeating the steps until the inner diameter of the cast pipe body is the same as the outer diameter of the casting gate;
step (2): pressure casting: stopping the motor, closing the cover plate, butting a feeding trolley corresponding to the material used for casting the core of the casting with the die, injecting molten metal, pushing a piston to enable the molten metal to quickly fill the core of the casting, cooling and solidifying to form a bar material with two metals arranged alternately in the radial direction;
and (3): demolding: opening the front cover of the mold, and driving an ejector rod mechanism on the bottom plate of the mold to eject the casting out of the mold;
and (4): stress relief annealing: and putting the casting body into an annealing furnace for annealing treatment.
Further, the rotating speed of the casting mould in the step (1) is 400-1000 r/min, heat preservation is carried out for 2-10 min after the first-time casting is finished, the cooling mode in the casting process is water cooling, the casting temperature is 1100-1300 ℃, and the heat preservation temperature is 100-500 ℃.
Further, the die casting temperature in the step (2) is 1100-1300 ℃, the pressure is 50-300 MPa, the die casting is cooled to room temperature after the casting is finished, and the cooling mode is water cooling.
Further, the demolding speed in the step (3) is 2-20 cm/s.
Further, the annealing temperature in the step (4) is 200-300 ℃, the heat preservation time is 0.5-2 hours, and the cooling mode is furnace cooling.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the remarkable advantages that:
1. the invention adopts a casting method to prepare the heterogeneous metal bar, and the raw material source is wide and the price is low.
2. The heterogeneous metal bar prepared by the method has the characteristics of heterogeneous materials, and the various alloy layers respectively improve the strength and the toughness of the matrix and meet the requirements of practical application.
3. The method can be used for preparing the large-size heterogeneous metal bar, the microstructure design has flexibility and directivity, the distribution proportion of different microstructures is easy to regulate and control, the yield of the casting is higher, and the application range is wider.
4. The heterogeneous metal prepared by the method is a bar material, provides necessary raw materials for preparing workpieces such as wires and the like, and meets industrial requirements.
5. According to the device, the cover plate with the opening in the middle is connected to the front cover of the mold, so that the contact between the mold and the feeding vehicle can be controlled.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a casting apparatus.
FIG. 2 is a schematic drawing of a casting sequence wherein (a) is a schematic drawing of a centrifugal casting stage, (b) is a schematic drawing of a pressure casting stage, and (c) is a schematic drawing of a demolding stage.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a heat treatment.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a heterogeneous metal bar, wherein (a) is an external view, (b) is an axial sectional view, and (c) is a radial sectional view.
Description of reference numerals:
1-piston, 2-feed inlet, 3-thermal insulation sleeve, 4-cold water tank, 5-cover plate, 6-hot water tank, 7-outer ring, 8-rolling body, 9-casting mould, 10-mould bottom plate, 11-ejector rod mechanism, 12-motor, 13-metal A, 14-metal B, 15-annealing furnace and 16-belt.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures.
A device for preparing heterogeneous metal bars by centrifugal pressure casting comprises
A power unit: the centrifugal casting device comprises a motor 12 and a belt 15, wherein the motor 12 and the belt 15 are used for driving a casting mold to rotate, the motor and the centrifugal casting mold are connected through the belt in the centrifugal casting process, and the rotation of the motor drives the casting mold to rotate so as to realize the centrifugation of molten metal.
A casting unit: the casting device comprises a casting mold 9, a water tank, a rolling body 8, an outer ring 7 and a feeding vehicle, wherein the casting unit is connected with a power unit and used for casting metal bars. The outer layer of the outer ring 7 is connected with a cold water pipe, the inner layer of the outer ring is in contact with the rolling body 8, and cold water is introduced into the middle of the outer ring to cool the casting mold 9. During the centrifugal casting process, the casting mould 9 rotates, the rolling bodies 8 rotate along with the casting mould and the outer ring 7 does not move, so that the isolation effect is achieved
A heat treatment unit: including an annealing furnace 15 to stress relieve and anneal the casting to improve mechanical properties.
The mould bottom plate 10 is provided with an ejector rod mechanism 11 for demoulding, and the front cover of the mould is connected with a cover plate 5 with a hole in the middle for controlling the contact of the mould and the feeding trolley.
The rear end of the feeding vehicle is provided with a piston 1 for pressing molten metal into a die; the feeding car is provided with a feeding hole 2 for casting the molten metal; the front end is wrapped by a heat insulation sleeve 3 and is used for preventing the molten metal from cooling and solidifying.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:
step one, centrifugal casting: and opening the cover plate 5, starting the motor 12, butting the feeding vehicle with the casting mold 9, casting the molten metal A for centrifugal casting, and replacing the feeding vehicle in the process to prepare for next-time casting. The rotating speed of the casting mold is 400-1000 r/min. And (4) after the first-time casting is finished, preserving heat for 2-10 min, then casting the molten metal B, and repeating the steps until the inner diameter of the cast pipe body is close to the outer diameter of the pouring gate. And cooling by adopting a mode of flushing the outer wall of the mold with water flow in the casting process. The casting temperature is 300-1500 ℃, and the heat preservation temperature is 100-500 ℃.
Step two, pressure casting: stopping the motor 12, closing the cover plate 5, butting a feeding trolley corresponding to the material used for casting the core of the casting with the die, injecting molten metal, pushing the piston 1 to enable the molten metal to rapidly fill the core of the casting, cooling and solidifying to form the bar with two metals arranged alternately in the radial direction. The die casting temperature is 300-1500 ℃, the pressure is 50-300 MPa, the die is cooled to room temperature after casting, and the cooling mode is that water flow scours the outer wall of the die.
Step three, demolding: and opening the front cover 5 of the mold, and driving an ejector rod mechanism 11 on the bottom plate 10 of the mold to eject the casting out of the mold, wherein the demolding speed is 2-20 cm/s.
Fourthly, stress relief annealing: and putting the casting body into an annealing furnace for annealing treatment. The annealing temperature is 50-800 ℃, the heat preservation time is 0.5-5 h, and the cooling mode is furnace cooling.
Example 1
Detailed embodiments and specific operations are given for an isomeric copper alloy bar made of brass and pure copper as example 1, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, and the following examples relate to four steps: centrifugal casting, pressure casting, demoulding and stress relief annealing, wherein:
first, centrifugal casting. As shown in fig. 2 (a), the cover plate 5 is opened, the motor is started, the feed carriage is butted with the casting mold 9, the brass metal liquid is injected into the feed port 2, and the piston 1 is pushed to rapidly enter the casting mold for centrifugal casting, wherein the rotation speed of the casting mold is 600 r/min. And (5) preserving the temperature for 5min after the first-time casting is finished, casting pure copper metal liquid, and repeating the steps until the inner diameter of the cast pipe body is close to the outer diameter of the pouring gate, so as to obtain the tubular material with the brass and the pure copper arranged in a radial and alternating manner. The cooling mode in the casting process is that water flow scours the outer wall of the mold. The casting temperature is 1200 ℃, and the heat preservation temperature is 500 ℃.
And secondly, pressure casting. As shown in fig. 2 (b), the motor is stopped, the cover plate 5 is closed, the feeding trolley corresponding to the material used for casting the core of the casting is butted with the casting mold 9, the molten metal is injected, the piston 1 is pushed to enable the molten metal to rapidly fill the core of the casting, and the molten metal is cooled and solidified to form bars formed by radially and alternately arranging brass and pure copper. The die casting temperature is 1200 ℃, the pressure is 100MPa, and the die casting is cooled to the room temperature after the casting is finished. The cooling mode is that water flow erodes the outer wall of the mould
And thirdly, demolding. As shown in fig. 2 (c), the mold front cover is opened, the ejector mechanism 11 on the mold base plate 10 is pressurized, and the ejector mechanism moves forward to eject the casting out of the casting mold 9. The demolding rate was 5 cm/s.
Fourthly, stress relief annealing. As shown in fig. 3, the casting is annealed. The annealing temperature is 300 ℃, the heat preservation time is 3 hours, and the cooling mode is furnace cooling. Finally, the bar shown in fig. 4 is obtained, and the brass and the pure copper have the difference of mechanical properties due to the difference of the contained alloy elements, so that a soft phase and a hard phase are obtained, and the heterogeneous copper alloy bar is formed. According to the method, the heterogeneous copper alloy bar with high strength and high toughness is successfully prepared by the method combining centrifugal casting and pressure casting.
Example 2
Given the detailed implementation and specific operation of example 2, which is a heterogeneous aluminum alloy rod composed of 7075 aluminum alloy and pure aluminum, the following example involves four steps: centrifugal casting, pressure casting, demoulding and stress relief annealing, wherein:
first, centrifugal casting. As shown in fig. 2 (a), the cover plate 5 is opened, the motor is started, the feeding vehicle is butted with the casting mold 9, 7075 aluminum alloy molten metal is injected into the feeding port 2, and the piston 1 is pushed to rapidly enter the casting mold for centrifugal casting, wherein the rotation speed of the casting mold is 600 r/min. And (5) preserving the temperature for 5min after the first-time casting is finished, casting pure aluminum metal liquid, and repeating the steps until the inner diameter of the cast pipe body is close to the outer diameter of the pouring gate, so as to obtain the 7075 aluminum alloy and pure aluminum radial alternately-arranged tubular material. The cooling mode in the casting process is a water flow scouring die outer wall. The casting temperature is 700 ℃, and the heat preservation temperature is 300 ℃.
And secondly, pressure casting. As shown in fig. 2 (b), the motor is stopped, the cover plate 5 is closed, the feeding trolley corresponding to the material used for casting the core of the casting is butted with the casting mold 9, molten metal is injected, the piston 1 is pushed to enable the molten metal to rapidly fill the core of the casting, and the molten metal is cooled and solidified, so that the 7075 aluminum alloy and the pure aluminum are formed into bars which are radially and alternately arranged. The die casting temperature is 700 ℃, the pressure is 100MPa, and the die casting is cooled to the room temperature after the casting is finished. The cooling mode is that water flow scours the outer wall of the mold.
And thirdly, demolding. As shown in fig. 2 (c), the mold front cover is opened, the ejector mechanism 11 on the mold base plate 10 is pressurized, and the ejector mechanism moves forward to eject the casting out of the casting mold 9. The demolding rate was 5 cm/s.
Fourthly, stress relief annealing. As shown in fig. 3, the casting is annealed. The annealing temperature is 175 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2 hours, and the cooling mode is furnace cooling. Finally, the bar shown in fig. 4 is obtained, wherein the 7075 aluminum alloy and the pure aluminum have different mechanical properties due to the difference of the contained alloy elements, so that a soft phase and a hard phase are obtained, and the heterogeneous aluminum alloy bar is formed. According to the method, the heterogeneous aluminum alloy bar with high strength and high toughness is successfully prepared by the method combining centrifugal casting and pressure casting.

Claims (8)

1. A method for casting heterogeneous metal bars is characterized in that two or more than two kinds of metal liquid are alternately cast in a centrifugal casting working section to obtain tubular materials with two or more than two kinds of metals arranged in a radial and alternate mode, then the core of a casting is filled in a die-casting mode to obtain metal castings with two or more than two kinds of metals arranged in a radial and alternate mode, after the obtained metal castings are demoulded, stress-relief annealing treatment is carried out, and finally heterogeneous metal bars with heterogeneous metals arranged in a radial and alternate mode are obtained;
the method adopts a device for casting the heterogeneous metal bar, and the device comprises a power unit: the centrifugal casting device comprises a motor and a belt, wherein the motor is started in a centrifugal casting working section and used for driving a casting mold to rotate, and the motor is stopped in a pressure casting working section;
a casting unit: the device comprises a casting die, a water tank, a rolling body, an outer ring and a feeding trolley, wherein the casting die is connected with a power unit and used for casting a bar;
a heat treatment unit: the annealing furnace is used for performing stress relief annealing on the casting to improve the mechanical property;
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step (1): centrifugal casting: opening the cover plate, starting the motor, butting the feeding vehicle with the casting mold, casting a metal liquid for centrifugal casting, replacing the feeding vehicle in the process to prepare for next-time casting, preserving heat after the first-time casting is finished, casting another metal liquid, and repeating the steps until the inner diameter of the cast pipe body is the same as the outer diameter of the casting opening;
step (2): pressure casting: stopping the motor, closing the cover plate, butting a feeding trolley corresponding to the material used for casting the core of the casting with the die, injecting molten metal, pushing a piston to enable the molten metal to quickly fill the core of the casting, cooling and solidifying to form a bar material with two metals arranged alternately in the radial direction;
and (3): demolding: opening the front cover of the mold, and driving an ejector rod mechanism on the bottom plate of the mold to eject the casting out of the mold;
and (4): stress relief annealing: and putting the casting body into an annealing furnace for annealing treatment.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the two or more metals have a difference in strength, and wherein no intermediate compound is formed between the metals, and wherein the melting points of the metals differ by less than 100 ℃.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the two or more metals are selected from copper or copper alloys.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the two or more metals are selected from aluminum or aluminum alloys.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the rotation speed of the casting mold in the step (1) is 400-1000 r/min, the temperature is kept for 2-10 min after the first casting, the cooling mode in the casting process is water cooling, the casting temperature is 1100-1300 ℃, and the temperature is kept at 100-500 ℃.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the die casting temperature in the step (2) is 1100-1300 ℃, the pressure is 50-300 MPa, and the die casting is cooled to room temperature after the casting, wherein the cooling mode is water cooling.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the demolding rate in the step (3) is 2-20 cm/s.
8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the annealing temperature in the step (4) is 200-300 ℃, the holding time is 0.5-2 h, and the cooling mode is furnace cooling.
CN202010233809.4A 2020-03-30 2020-03-30 Device and method for casting heterogeneous metal bar Active CN111283175B (en)

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