CN102689159A - Liquid die forging and rolling compound formation method for 6061 aluminum alloy irregular-section large ring piece - Google Patents
Liquid die forging and rolling compound formation method for 6061 aluminum alloy irregular-section large ring piece Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a liquid die forging and rolling compound formation method for a 6061 aluminum alloy irregular-section large ring piece. The method comprises the following steps of: 1) smelting; 2) performing liquid die forging, namely fixing a liquid die forging mold on an indirect extrusion casting machine, pouring an alloy solution into the die forging mold at the pouring temperature of 667 DEG C, pressurizing at the speed of 35 to 40 mm/s, filling for 1 to 6 seconds at the specific pressure of 100 to 150 MPa, keeping the pressure for 35 to 60 seconds, and thus obtaining a similarly final section ring blank; 3) homogenizing, namely cooling the similarly final section ring blank to the temperature of 570 DEG C, and keeping the temperature for 7 hours; 4) performing afterheat isothermal rolling, namely cooling the homogenized similarly final section ring blank to the temperature of between 430 and 450 DEG C, and performing afterheat isothermal rolling on a radial shaft compound ring rolling machine; 5) performing thermal treatment, namely performing keeping the ring blank at the temperature of 535 DEG C for 1 hour, quenching in water, then heating to the temperature of 180 DEG C, and keeping the temperature for 6 hours; and 6) finishing.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of short flow process and shape method, the concrete rolling combined shaping method of liquid forging that relates to the different cross section of a kind of 6061 aluminium alloys large ring with major diameter metal ring of complex section.
Background technology
Along with the develop rapidly of China's aerospace industry, the high thrust carrier rocket is badly in need of the large-size complex-cross-section aluminium alloy rings of 5 meters higher levels of diameter.So-called complex section ring; Be meant that ring axial direction sectional area size difference is big, ring cross-wise direction shape and size change greatly and inner surface and all comparatively complicated ferrule piece of external surface shape; It is the important step that can high thrust carrier rocket project successful, is the crucial connector of carrier rocket.The requirement that special environment for use has proposed intimate harshness to the dimensional accuracy and the comprehensive mechanical property of ring: require part to have high-precision appearance and size on the one hand; Avoid follow-up machine to add shaping, the serious ring serviceability that reduces when wasting a large amount of manpower and materials; Require part to have excellent structural state on the other hand to reach the requirement of comprehensive mechanical property.
At present, hot rolling system (be also referred to as heat and roll over expansion) and machine cut processing associating completion are adopted in the preparation of complex section ring usually.This technology rolls out the ring base of square-section based on the shaping ingot blank, through machine cut needed complex section is processed in the square-section again.The main process flow process is: smelting → cogging → blanking → jumping-up → punching → hot rolling system → heat treatment → machining.There is the problem of the following aspects in this technology:
1) flow process is tediously long, and operation is various, and production efficiency is low;
2) roll over the ring expansion base and need the punching preparation, and final cross sectional shape need guarantee that stock utilization is low through the unnecessary dressing of cutting;
3) mechanical processing process cuts off metal streamline, causes the ring comprehensive mechanical property to descend;
4) preparation process needs repeated heating, causes crystal grain thick, and surface oxidation is serious, and energy loss is big.
Publication number is the method that the Chinese patent of CN 101817134A discloses a kind of ferrule piece short-flow casting and rolling composite forming; Though it is short that the method for this ferrule piece short-flow casting and rolling composite forming satisfies production procedure to a certain extent; Save the beneficial effect of the energy, material and manpower; But this method adopts centrifugal casting ring base, can't satisfy the processing request of complex section ring, and the comprehensive mechanical property of producing the ferrule piece that obtains does not also reach the instructions for use like carrier rocket.
Given this; The present invention is intended to explore the rolling combined shaping method of liquid forging of the different cross section of a kind of 6061 aluminium alloys large ring; The rolling combined shaping method of liquid forging of this different cross section of 6061 aluminium alloy large ring not only can simplify aluminium alloy rings the blank-making technology flow process, reduce cost and enhance productivity; But also can effectively improve the microstructure state of aluminium alloy rings, improve comprehensive mechanical property.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention will solve is the rolling combined shaping method of liquid forging that proposes the different cross section of a kind of 6061 aluminium alloys large ring; The rolling combined shaping method of liquid forging of this different cross section of 6061 aluminium alloy large ring not only can simplify aluminium alloy rings the blank-making technology flow process, reduce cost and enhance productivity; But also can effectively improve the microstructure state of aluminium alloy rings, improve comprehensive mechanical property.
Realize above-mentioned technical purpose, the rolling combined shaping method of liquid forging of the different cross section of 6061 aluminium alloys of the present invention large ring comprises the steps:
1) melting: 6061 aluminium alloys are pressed the composition proportion melting in melting furnace;
2) liquid forging: after being fixed in liquid-state forging die on the indirect extrusion casting machine; With the 1st) aluminium alloy solution that obtains in the step quantitatively is poured in the liquid-state forging die, and pouring temperature is 667 ℃, and pressing speed is 35-40 mm/s; Filling time 1-6s; Specific pressure is 100-150MPa, and under this pressure pressurize 35-60 s, obtain nearly whole cross section ring base;
3) homogenising: nearly whole cross section ring base is cooled to 570 ℃ of insulation 7 h;
4) waste heat ausrolling: when the near whole cross section ring base temperature after the homogenising is reduced to 430-450 ℃, on the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle, carry out ausrolling;
5) heat treatment: the ring base that obtains through the waste heat ausrolling is incubated 1 h at 535 ℃, and 180 ℃ of insulation 6 h heat up behind the quenching-in water;
6) finishing.
Further, the said the 2nd) in the step, be fixed in liquid-state forging die on the indirect extrusion casting machine after; When being preheated to 150-200 ℃; In the liquid-state forging die die cavity, evenly spray one deck releasing agent, coating layer thickness 10-20 micron continues the preheating liquid-state forging die to 250-300 ℃;
Further, the said the 4th) in the step, the waste heat ausrolling comprises that quick rolling expands the stage, stablely rolles over the expansion stage, slows down and roll over the expansion stage and becomes the rounding shape stage, and stage and the axial feed velocity V of stable rolling expansion during the stage are expanded in said quick rolling
AxiallyWith radial feed speed V
RadiallySatisfy V
Axially=0.5-0.6V
Radially, said deceleration is rolled over the expansion stage and is become rounding shape during the stage, and the not feeding of awl roller of the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle is only rollingly spreaded owing to what radial rolling caused, and when the external diameter that encircles base and finished product ring differed 30-50 mm, axial roll was lifted;
Further, the rolling mould and the blank temperature difference are ± 10 ℃;
Further, the said the 4th) in the step, the radial feeds of the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle are selected to forge and are passed through the desired minimum amount of feeding and the smaller value between the maximum amount of feeding that pass allowed of nipping;
Further, the said the 1st) in the step, the raw material selection fine aluminium ingot of smelting aluminium alloy, pure spelter, MAG block, copper billet and intermediate alloy;
Further, fine aluminium ingot, pure spelter and MAG block all need be removed the oxide skin and the dirt on surface before use, put into electric furnace after the cleaning and toast, and remove contained steam;
Further; The cavity shape of said liquid-state forging die is similar with the shape of ring; When the design of liquid-state forging die; A side of choosing simple shape on the inside/outside cross section is as positioning reference plane; And the shape that roll contacts with nearly whole cross section ring base during according to the waste heat ausrolling is provided with the die cavity of liquid-state forging die, and the closed size of liquid-state forging die die cavity is compared with the final sectional dimension of ring: the radial dimension of liquid-state forging die is greater than the radial dimension of ring, and the axial dimension of liquid-state forging die is less than the radial dimension of ring;
Further, the rolling of said waste heat ausrolling is expanded than>=1.4, the endoporus degree of eccentricity≤3 of the near whole cross section ring base after the controlled rolling °, the core bore dia>=330mm of the near whole cross section ring base that liquid forging obtains.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
The rolling combined shaping method of the liquid forging of the different cross section of 6061 aluminium alloys of the present invention large ring adopts the technological process of melting → liquid forging → homogenising → waste heat ausrolling → heat treatment → finishing; This method is smelting aluminium alloy solution at first; Adopt liquid forging process to obtain nearly whole cross section ring base subsequently; And the direct rolling forming of waste heat that utilizes the ring base to solidify, compare with traditional handicraft, have the following advantages:
1) lacks flow process, effectively enhance productivity;
2) no punching operation, the complex section of aluminium alloy rings relies on liquid-state forging die and roll pass common guarantee, significantly improves stock utilization, realizes near-net forming;
3) liquid forging-ring base structural state significantly is superior to conventional cast ring base, is aided with follow-up hot rolling and processes the forging attitude modification that shape can fully guarantee to encircle the base material, obtains the tissue of fine and closely woven and homogenising.
4) finishing procedure effectively guarantees ring sectional dimension and surface accuracy, and the problem of avoiding machined to cause the ring streamline to cut off significantly improves comprehensive mechanical property;
5) blank need not repeated heating, and energy-saving and emission-reduction realize green manufacturing.
Therefore; The rolling combined shaping method of liquid forging of the different cross section of 6061 aluminium alloys of the present invention large ring is effectively simplified blank-making technology, and shortened process reduces cost; Boost productivity and economic benefit, have huge development potentiality and broad prospect for its application.
The specific embodiment
Be elaborated below in conjunction with the rolling combined shaping method of liquid forging of specific embodiment to the different cross section of 6061 aluminium alloys of the present invention large ring.
First embodiment
The rolling combined shaping method of liquid forging of the different cross section of the 6061 aluminium alloys large ring of present embodiment comprises the steps:
1) melting: 6061 aluminium alloys are pressed the composition proportion melting in melting furnace, melting was left standstill 25 minutes after accomplishing; Concrete, the raw material selection fine aluminium ingot of present embodiment smelting aluminium alloy, pure spelter, MAG block, copper billet and intermediate alloy; Fine aluminium ingot, pure spelter and MAG block are all used sand papering before use, remove the oxide skin and the dirt on surface, in clear water, clean then, put into electric furnace after the cleaning and toast, and remove contained steam.
2) liquid forging: after being fixed in liquid-state forging die on the indirect extrusion casting machine; With the 1st) aluminium alloy solution that obtains in the step quantitatively is poured in the liquid-state forging die, and pouring temperature is 667 ℃, and pressing speed is 35 mm/s; Filling time 6 s; Specific pressure is 100 MPa, and under this pressure pressurize 60 s, obtain nearly whole cross section ring base; Specific pressure is meant that liquid metal cools off the unit pressure of bearing under pressure, the amount that quantitatively is the required aluminium alloy solution of the rolling different cross section of liquid forging large ring as herein described.Preferably, be fixed in liquid-state forging die on the indirect extrusion casting machine after, when being preheated to 150 ℃; In the liquid-state forging die die cavity, evenly spray one deck releasing agent; 18 microns of coating layer thicknesses continue preheating liquid-state forging die to 250 ℃, and the spraying releasing agent can make things convenient for the liquid-state forging die demoulding.
Adopt liquid forging to process nearly whole cross section ring base, make aluminium alloy crystallization, shaping and produce a small amount of plastic deformation under pressure, obtain dense internal organization, crystal grain is tiny, the high-quality liquid forging part of any surface finish.Liquid forging has following process characteristic: 1) liquid forging can be eliminated the inner pore of foundry goods, shrinkage cavity and defective such as loose, produces local plastic deformation, makes foundry goods dense structure; 2) liquid metal is shaped under pressure and solidifies, and foundry goods and die cavity wall are fitted closely, thereby the liquid forging part has higher surface smoothness and dimensional accuracy, and its rank can reach the level of die casting; 3) the liquid forging part is in process of setting, and each position is in compressive stress state, helps the feeding of foundry goods and prevents the generation of casting crack; 4) liquid forging process is fit to the complicated ring base in preparation cross section very much, can effectively reduce cost, and improves the stock utilization of ring.The liquid forging technology also has advantages such as technology is simple, foundry goods good mechanical property, production efficiency is high, cost is relatively low.
3) homogenising: nearly whole cross section ring base is cooled to 570 ℃ of insulation 7 h.
4) waste heat ausrolling: the waste heat after the employing homogenising cools to rolling temperature and directly implements hot rolling system process; And do not need post bake; When nearly whole cross section ring base is cooled to 450 ℃; Adopt on the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle and carry out ausrolling, rolling mold temperature is 450 ℃, and the rolling mould of present embodiment and the blank temperature difference are 0 ℃.Said waste heat ausrolling comprises quick rolling expansion stage, stable rolling expansion stage, slows down and roll over the expansion stage and become the rounding shape stage, and the said quick rolling expansion stage is rolled over the axial feed velocity V of expansion during the stage with stablizing
AxiallyWith radial feed speed V
RadiallySatisfy V
Axially=0.6V
Radially, said deceleration is rolled over the expansion stage and is become rounding shape during the stage, and the not feeding of awl roller of the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle is only rollingly spreaded owing to what radial rolling caused, and when external diameter and the finished product ring that encircles base when nearly whole cross section differed 50 mm, axial roll was lifted; Preferably, the radial feeds of the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle are selected to forge and are passed through the desired minimum amount of feeding and the smaller value between the maximum amount of feeding that pass allowed of nipping.
5) heat treatment: the ring base is at 535 ℃ of insulation 1 h, and 180 ℃ of insulation 6 h heat up behind the quenching-in water.
6) finishing.
Further; The cavity shape of liquid-state forging die is similar with the shape of ring; When the design of liquid-state forging die, a side of choosing simple shape on the inside/outside cross section is as positioning reference plane, and the shape that roll contacts with nearly whole cross section ring base during according to the waste heat ausrolling is provided with the die cavity of liquid-state forging die; Effectively avoid blank cross sectional shape complicacy to cause rolling initial stage ring base to contact, cause skidding or the problem of malocclusion with point/line between the roll.The closed size of liquid-state forging die die cavity is compared with the final sectional dimension of ring: the radial dimension of liquid-state forging die is greater than the radial dimension of ring, and the axial dimension of liquid-state forging die is less than the radial dimension of ring, and concrete size expands than confirms according to rolling over.
Further, the rolling of waste heat ausrolling is expanded than >=1.4, and the rolling of present embodiment is expanded than=1.4, has tangible circumferential fibers to guarantee final ring.The near whole cross section ring base endoporus degree of eccentricity of the endoporus degree of eccentricity≤3 ° present embodiment of the near whole cross section ring base after the controlled rolling is 1 °, guarantees terminal ring base geometric accuracy and weight precision, and the core bore dia>=330mm of base is encircled in the near whole cross section that liquid forging obtains.
The rolling combined shaping method of the liquid forging of the different cross section of the 6061 aluminium alloys large ring of present embodiment adopts the technological process of melting → liquid forging → homogenising → waste heat ausrolling → heat treatment → finishing; This method is smelting aluminium alloy solution at first; Adopt liquid forging process to obtain nearly whole cross section ring base subsequently; And the direct rolling forming of waste heat that utilizes the ring base to solidify, compare with traditional handicraft, have the following advantages:
1) lacks flow process, effectively enhance productivity;
2) no punching operation, the complex section of aluminium alloy rings relies on liquid-state forging die and roll pass common guarantee, significantly improves stock utilization, realizes near-net forming;
3) finishing procedure effectively guarantees ring sectional dimension and surface accuracy, and the problem of avoiding machined to cause the ring streamline to cut off significantly improves comprehensive mechanical property;
4) blank need not repeated heating, and energy-saving and emission-reduction realize green manufacturing.
Second embodiment
The rolling combined shaping method of liquid forging of the different cross section of the 6061 aluminium alloys large ring of present embodiment comprises the steps:
1) melting: 6061 aluminium alloys are pressed the composition proportion melting in melting furnace, melting was left standstill 30 minutes after accomplishing; Concrete, the raw material selection fine aluminium ingot of present embodiment smelting aluminium alloy, pure spelter, MAG block, copper billet and intermediate alloy; Fine aluminium ingot, pure spelter and MAG block are all used sand papering before use, remove the oxide skin and the dirt on surface, in clear water, clean then, put into electric furnace after the cleaning and toast, and remove contained steam.
2) liquid forging: after being fixed in liquid-state forging die on the indirect extrusion casting machine; With the 1st) aluminium alloy solution that obtains in the step quantitatively is poured in the liquid-state forging die, and pouring temperature is 667 ℃, and pressing speed is 40 mm/s; Filling time 1 s; Specific pressure is 150 MPa, and under this pressure pressurize 35s, obtain nearly whole cross section ring base.Preferably; After being fixed in liquid-state forging die on the indirect extrusion casting machine; When being preheated to 200 ℃, in the liquid-state forging die die cavity, evenly spray one deck releasing agent, 10 microns of coating layer thicknesses; Continue preheating liquid-state forging die to 300 ℃, the spraying releasing agent can make things convenient for the liquid-state forging die demoulding.
Adopt liquid forging to process nearly whole cross section ring base, make aluminium alloy crystallization, shaping and produce a small amount of plastic deformation under pressure, obtain dense internal organization, crystal grain is tiny, the high-quality liquid forging part of any surface finish.Liquid forging has following process characteristic: 1) liquid forging can be eliminated the inner pore of foundry goods, shrinkage cavity and defective such as loose, produces local plastic deformation, makes foundry goods dense structure; 2) liquid metal is shaped under pressure and solidifies, and foundry goods and die cavity wall are fitted closely, thereby the liquid forging part has higher surface smoothness and dimensional accuracy, and its rank can reach the level of die casting; 3) the liquid forging part is in process of setting, and each position is in compressive stress state, helps the feeding of foundry goods and prevents the generation of casting crack; 4) liquid forging process is fit to the complicated ring base in preparation cross section very much, can effectively reduce cost, and improves the stock utilization of ring.The liquid forging technology also has advantages such as technology is simple, foundry goods good mechanical property, production efficiency is high, cost is relatively low.
3) homogenising: nearly whole cross section ring base is cooled to 570 ℃ of insulation 7 h.
4) waste heat ausrolling: the waste heat after the employing homogenising cools to rolling temperature and directly implements hot rolling system process; And do not need post bake; When nearly whole cross section ring base is cooled to 430 ℃; Adopt on the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle and carry out ausrolling, rolling mold temperature is 420 ℃, and the rolling mould of present embodiment and the blank temperature difference are-10 ℃.Said waste heat ausrolling comprises quick rolling expansion stage, stable rolling expansion stage, slows down and roll over the expansion stage and become the rounding shape stage, and the said quick rolling expansion stage is rolled over the axial feed velocity V of expansion during the stage with stablizing
AxiallyWith radial feed speed V
RadiallySatisfy V
Axially=0.55V
Radially, said deceleration is rolled over the expansion stage and is become rounding shape during the stage, and the not feeding of awl roller of the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle is only rollingly spreaded owing to what radial rolling caused, and when external diameter and the finished product ring that encircles base when nearly whole cross section differed 30 mm, axial roll was lifted; Preferably, the radial feeds of the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle are selected to forge and are passed through the desired minimum amount of feeding and the smaller value between the maximum amount of feeding that pass allowed of nipping.
5) heat treatment: the ring base is at 535 ℃ of insulation 1 h, and 180 ℃ of insulation 6 h heat up behind the quenching-in water.
6) finishing.
Further; The cavity shape of liquid-state forging die is similar with the shape of ring; When the design of liquid-state forging die, a side of choosing simple shape on the inside/outside cross section is as positioning reference plane, and the shape that roll contacts with nearly whole cross section ring base during according to the waste heat ausrolling is provided with the die cavity of liquid-state forging die; Effectively avoid blank cross sectional shape complicacy to cause rolling initial stage ring base to contact, cause skidding or the problem of malocclusion with point/line between the roll.The closed size of liquid-state forging die die cavity is compared with the final sectional dimension of ring: the radial dimension of liquid-state forging die is greater than the radial dimension of ring, and the axial dimension of liquid-state forging die is less than the radial dimension of ring.
Further, the rolling of waste heat ausrolling is expanded than >=1.4, and the rolling of present embodiment is expanded than=3, has tangible circumferential fibers to guarantee final ring.The near whole cross section ring base endoporus degree of eccentricity of the endoporus degree of eccentricity≤3 ° present embodiment of the near whole cross section ring base after the controlled rolling is 2 °, guarantees terminal ring base geometric accuracy and weight precision, and the core bore dia>=330mm of base is encircled in the near whole cross section that liquid forging obtains.
The rolling combined shaping method of the liquid forging of the different cross section of the 6061 aluminium alloys large ring of present embodiment adopts the technological process of melting → liquid forging → homogenising → waste heat ausrolling → heat treatment → finishing; This method is smelting aluminium alloy solution at first; Adopt liquid forging process to obtain nearly whole cross section ring base subsequently; And the direct rolling forming of waste heat that utilizes the ring base to solidify, compare with traditional handicraft, have the following advantages:
1) lacks flow process, effectively enhance productivity;
2) no punching operation, the complex section of aluminium alloy rings relies on liquid-state forging die and roll pass common guarantee, significantly improves stock utilization, realizes near-net forming;
3) finishing procedure effectively guarantees ring sectional dimension and surface accuracy, and the problem of avoiding machined to cause the ring streamline to cut off significantly improves comprehensive mechanical property;
4) blank need not repeated heating, and energy-saving and emission-reduction realize green manufacturing.
The 3rd embodiment
The rolling combined shaping method of liquid forging of the different cross section of the 6061 aluminium alloys large ring of present embodiment comprises the steps:
1) melting: 6061 aluminium alloys are pressed the composition proportion melting in melting furnace, melting was left standstill 25 minutes after accomplishing; Concrete, the raw material selection fine aluminium ingot of present embodiment smelting aluminium alloy, pure spelter, MAG block, copper billet and intermediate alloy; Fine aluminium ingot, pure spelter and MAG block are all used sand papering before use, remove the oxide skin and the dirt on surface, in clear water, clean then, put into electric furnace after the cleaning and toast, and remove contained steam.
2) liquid forging: after being fixed in liquid-state forging die on the indirect extrusion casting machine; With the 1st) aluminium alloy solution that obtains in the step quantitatively is poured in the liquid-state forging die, and pouring temperature is 667 ℃, and pressing speed is 38 mm/s; Filling time 3 s; Specific pressure is 130MPa, and under this pressure pressurize 40 s, obtain nearly whole cross section ring base; Preferably, be fixed in liquid-state forging die on the indirect extrusion casting machine after, when being preheated to 180 ℃; In the liquid-state forging die die cavity, evenly spray one deck releasing agent; 20 microns of coating layer thicknesses continue preheating liquid-state forging die to 270 ℃, and the spraying releasing agent can make things convenient for the liquid-state forging die demoulding.
Adopt liquid forging to process nearly whole cross section ring base, make aluminium alloy crystallization, shaping and produce a small amount of plastic deformation under pressure, obtain dense internal organization, crystal grain is tiny, the high-quality liquid forging part of any surface finish.Liquid forging has following process characteristic: 1) liquid forging can be eliminated the inner pore of foundry goods, shrinkage cavity and defective such as loose, produces local plastic deformation, makes foundry goods dense structure; 2) liquid metal is shaped under pressure and solidifies, and foundry goods and die cavity wall are fitted closely, thereby the liquid forging part has higher surface smoothness and dimensional accuracy, and its rank can reach the level of die casting; 3) the liquid forging part is in process of setting, and each position is in compressive stress state, helps the feeding of foundry goods and prevents the generation of casting crack; 4) liquid forging process is fit to the complicated ring base in preparation cross section very much, can effectively reduce cost, and improves the stock utilization of ring.The liquid forging technology also has advantages such as technology is simple, foundry goods good mechanical property, production efficiency is high, cost is relatively low.
3) homogenising: nearly whole cross section ring base is cooled to 570 ℃ of insulation 7 h.
4) waste heat ausrolling: the waste heat after the employing homogenising cools to rolling temperature and directly implements hot rolling system process; And do not need post bake; When nearly whole cross section ring base is cooled to 440 ℃; Adopt on the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle and carry out ausrolling, rolling mold temperature is 450 ℃, and the rolling mould of present embodiment and the blank temperature difference are 10 ℃.Said waste heat ausrolling comprises quick rolling expansion stage, stable rolling expansion stage, slows down and roll over the expansion stage and become the rounding shape stage, and the said quick rolling expansion stage is rolled over the axial feed velocity V of expansion during the stage with stablizing
AxiallyWith radial feed speed V
RadiallySatisfy V
Axially=0.6V
Radially, said deceleration is rolled over the expansion stage and is become rounding shape during the stage, and the not feeding of awl roller of the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle is only rollingly spreaded owing to what radial rolling caused, and when external diameter and the finished product ring that encircles base when nearly whole cross section differed 40 mm, axial roll was lifted; Preferably, the radial feeds of the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle are selected to forge and are passed through the desired minimum amount of feeding and the smaller value between the maximum amount of feeding that pass allowed of nipping.
5) heat treatment: the ring base that obtains through the waste heat ausrolling is incubated 1 h at 535 ℃, and 180 ℃ of insulation 6 h heat up behind the quenching-in water.
6) finishing.
Further; The cavity shape of liquid-state forging die is similar with the shape of ring; When the design of liquid-state forging die, a side of choosing simple shape on the inside/outside cross section is as positioning reference plane, and the shape that roll contacts with nearly whole cross section ring base during according to the waste heat ausrolling is provided with the die cavity of liquid-state forging die; Effectively avoid blank cross sectional shape complicacy to cause rolling initial stage ring base to contact, cause skidding or the problem of malocclusion with point/line between the roll.The closed size of liquid-state forging die die cavity is compared with the final sectional dimension of ring: the radial dimension of liquid-state forging die is greater than the radial dimension of ring, and the axial dimension of liquid-state forging die is less than the radial dimension of ring.
Further, the rolling of waste heat ausrolling is expanded than >=1.4, and the rolling of present embodiment is expanded than=2, has tangible circumferential fibers to guarantee final ring.The endoporus degree of eccentricity≤3 of the near whole cross section ring base after the controlled rolling °, the near whole cross section ring base endoporus degree of eccentricity of present embodiment is 3 °, guarantees terminal ring base geometric accuracy and weight precision, the core bore dia>=330mm of base is encircled in the near whole cross section that liquid forging obtains.
The rolling combined shaping method of the liquid forging of the different cross section of the 6061 aluminium alloys large ring of present embodiment adopts the technological process of melting → liquid forging → homogenising → waste heat ausrolling → heat treatment → finishing; This method is smelting aluminium alloy solution at first; Adopt liquid forging process to obtain nearly whole cross section ring base subsequently; And the direct rolling forming of waste heat that utilizes the ring base to solidify, compare with traditional handicraft, have the following advantages:
1) lacks flow process, effectively enhance productivity;
2) no punching operation, the complex section of aluminium alloy rings relies on liquid-state forging die and roll pass common guarantee, significantly improves stock utilization, realizes near-net forming;
3) finishing procedure effectively guarantees ring sectional dimension and surface accuracy, and the problem of avoiding machined to cause the ring streamline to cut off significantly improves comprehensive mechanical property;
4) blank need not repeated heating, and energy-saving and emission-reduction realize green manufacturing.
Explanation is at last; Above embodiment is only unrestricted in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described; Although with reference to preferred embodiment the present invention is specified, those of ordinary skill in the art should be appreciated that and can make amendment or be equal to replacement technical scheme of the present invention; And not breaking away from the aim and the scope of technical scheme of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of the claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. the rolling combined shaping method of liquid forging of the different cross section of an aluminium alloy large ring is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
1) melting: 6061 aluminium alloys are pressed the composition proportion melting in melting furnace;
2) liquid forging: after being fixed in liquid-state forging die on the indirect extrusion casting machine; With the 1st) aluminium alloy solution that obtains in the step quantitatively is poured in the liquid-state forging die, and pouring temperature is 667 ℃, and pressing speed is 35-40 mm/s; Filling time 1-6 s; Specific pressure is 100-150 MPa, and under this pressure pressurize 35-60 s, obtain nearly whole cross section ring base;
3) homogenising: nearly whole cross section ring base is cooled to 570 ℃ of insulation 7 h;
4) waste heat ausrolling: when the near whole cross section ring base temperature after the homogenising is reduced to 430-450 ℃, on the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle, carry out ausrolling;
5) heat treatment: the ring base that obtains through the waste heat ausrolling is incubated 1 h at 535 ℃, and 180 ℃ of insulation 6 h heat up behind the quenching-in water;
6) finishing.
2. the rolling combined shaping method of liquid forging of the different cross section of 6061 aluminium alloys according to claim 1 large ring; It is characterized in that: the said the 2nd) in the step; After being fixed in liquid-state forging die on the indirect extrusion casting machine, when being preheated to 150-200 ℃, in the liquid-state forging die die cavity, evenly spray one deck releasing agent; Coating layer thickness 10-20 micron continues the preheating liquid-state forging die to 250-300 ℃.
3. the rolling combined shaping method of liquid forging of the different cross section of 6061 aluminium alloys according to claim 1 large ring; It is characterized in that: the said the 4th) in the step; The waste heat ausrolling comprises quick rolling expansion stage, stable rolling expansion stage, slows down and roll over the expansion stage and become the rounding shape stage, and the said quick rolling expansion stage is rolled over the axial feed velocity V of expansion during the stage with stablizing
AxiallyWith radial feed speed V
RadiallySatisfy V
Axially=0.5-0.6V
Radially, said deceleration is rolled over the expansion stage and is become rounding shape during the stage, and the not feeding of awl roller of the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle is only rollingly spreaded owing to what radial rolling caused, and when the external diameter that encircles base and finished product ring differed 30-50 mm, axial roll was lifted.
4. the rolling combined shaping method of 6061 aluminium alloys according to claim 3 different cross section large ring liquid forging, it is characterized in that: the rolling mould and the blank temperature difference are ± 10 ℃.
5. the rolling combined shaping method of liquid forging of the different cross section of 6061 aluminium alloys according to claim 1 large ring; It is characterized in that: the said the 4th) in the step, the radial feeds of the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle are selected to forge and are passed through the desired minimum amount of feeding and the smaller value between the maximum amount of feeding that pass allowed of nipping.
6. the rolling combined shaping method of liquid forging of the different cross section of 6061 aluminium alloys according to claim 1 large ring; It is characterized in that: the said the 1st) in the step; The raw material selection fine aluminium ingot of smelting aluminium alloy, pure spelter, MAG block, copper billet and intermediate alloy; And fine aluminium ingot, pure spelter and MAG block all need be removed the oxide skin and the dirt on surface before use, put into electric furnace after the cleaning and toast, and remove contained steam.
7. according to the rolling combined shaping method of liquid forging of each different cross section of described 6061 aluminium alloys large ring of claim 1-6; It is characterized in that: the cavity shape of said liquid-state forging die is similar with the shape of ring; When the design of liquid-state forging die; A side of choosing simple shape on the inside/outside cross section is as positioning reference plane; And the shape that roll contacts with nearly whole cross section ring base during according to the waste heat ausrolling is provided with the die cavity of liquid-state forging die; And the closed size of liquid-state forging die die cavity is compared with the final sectional dimension of ring: the radial dimension of liquid-state forging die is greater than the radial dimension of ring, and the axial dimension of liquid-state forging die is less than the radial dimension of ring.
8. the rolling combined shaping method of liquid forging of the different cross section of 6061 aluminium alloys according to claim 1 large ring; It is characterized in that: the rolling of said waste heat ausrolling is expanded than>=1.4; The endoporus degree of eccentricity≤3 of the near whole cross section ring base after rolling °, the core bore dia>=330mm of the near whole cross section ring base that liquid forging obtains.
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| CN104131202A (en) * | 2014-08-25 | 2014-11-05 | 辽宁忠相铝业有限公司 | Short-process preparation method for 6061aluminum alloy die forging |
| CN106111709A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2016-11-16 | 无锡派克新材料科技股份有限公司 | A kind of huge aluminum alloy ring forging looping mill rolling method for control speed |
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| CN106111709A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2016-11-16 | 无锡派克新材料科技股份有限公司 | A kind of huge aluminum alloy ring forging looping mill rolling method for control speed |
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