CN102689154B - Liquid die forging and rolling compound formation method for stainless steel irregular-section large ring piece - Google Patents
Liquid die forging and rolling compound formation method for stainless steel irregular-section large ring piece Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a liquid die forging and rolling compound formation method for a stainless steel irregular-section large ring piece. The method comprises the following steps of: smelting, performing liquid die forging, homogenizing, performing afterheat isothermal rolling, performing thermal treatment and finishing, wherein the step of performing liquid die forging comprises the following substeps of: fixing a liquid die forging mold on an indirect extrusion casting machine, pouring a quantitative amount of stainless steel solution obtained through smelting into the liquid die forging mold at the pouring temperature of between 1550 and 1650 DEG C, pressurizing at the speed of 30 to 100 mm/s, filling for 1 to 6 seconds at the specific pressure of 150 to 200 MPa, keeping the pressure for 35 to 90 seconds, and thus obtaining a similarly final section ring blank; and the step of performing afterheat isothermal rolling comprises the following substeps of: cooling the homogenized similarly final section ring blank to the temperature of between 1120 and 1160 DEG C, and performing afterheat isothermal rolling on a radial shaft compound ring rolling machine. According to the liquid die forging and rolling compound formation method for the stainless steel irregular-section large ring piece, the flow of a blank preparation process for an alloy ring piece can be simplified, the cost can be reduced, and the production efficiency can be improved; and furthermore, the microstructure state of the stainless steel ring piece can be effectively improved, and the comprehensive mechanical performance is improved.
Description
Technical field
The short flow process that the present invention relates to a kind of major diameter metal ring with complex section shapes method, is specifically related to the different cross section of a kind of stainless steel large ring liquid forging rolling combined shaping method.
Background technology
The large ring that adopts stainless steel to make is mainly used in the fields such as oil gas, work under bad environment.The dimensional accuracy of special environment for use to ring and comprehensive mechanical property have proposed the requirement of intimate harshness: require part to have high-precision appearance and size on the one hand, avoid follow-up machine to add shaping, the serious ring serviceability that reduces when wasting a large amount of manpower and materials; Require on the other hand part to there is excellent structural state to reach the requirement of comprehensive mechanical property.
At present, the preparation of complex section ring adopts hot rolling (also referred to as hot rolling) to combine with machine cut processing conventionally.This technique rolls out the ring base of square-section based on shaping ingot blank, then by machine cut, needed complex section is processed into in square-section.Main process flow process is: smelting → cogging → blanking → jumping-up → punching → hot rolling → heat treatment → machining.There is the problem of the following aspects in this technique:
1) flow process is tediously long, and operation is various, and production efficiency is low;
2) rolling ring base needs punching preparation, and final cross sectional shape need be by the unnecessary dressing guarantee of cutting, and stock utilization is low;
3) mechanical processing process cuts off metal streamline, causes ring comprehensive mechanical property to decline;
4) preparation process need heat repeatedly, causes coarse grains, and surface oxidation is serious, and energy loss is large.
Publication number is a kind of method that the Chinese patent of CN 101817134A discloses ferrule piece short-flow casting and rolling composite forming, although it is short that the method for this ferrule piece short-flow casting and rolling composite forming meets production procedure to a certain extent, save the beneficial effect of the energy, material and manpower, but the method adopts centrifugal casting ring base, cannot meet the processing request of complex section ring, and produce the instructions for use that the comprehensive mechanical property of the ferrule piece that obtains does not also reach extreme environment.
Given this, the present invention is intended to explore the different cross section of a kind of stainless steel large ring liquid forging rolling combined shaping method, the method not only can simplify stainless steel large-sized ring blank-making technology flow process, reduce costs and enhance productivity, but also can effectively improve the microstructure state of alloy rings, improve comprehensive mechanical property.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to propose the different cross section of a kind of stainless steel large ring liquid forging rolling combined shaping method, this combined shaping method not only can simplify alloy rings blank-making technology flow process, reduce costs and enhance productivity, but also can effectively improve the microstructure state of stainless steel ring, improve comprehensive mechanical property.
Realize above-mentioned technical purpose, the different cross section of stainless steel of the present invention large ring liquid forging rolling combined shaping method, comprises the ausrolling → heat treatment → finishing of melting → liquid forging → homogenising → waste heat;
Described liquid forging is: after liquid-state forging die is fixed on indirect extrusion casting machine, the stainless steel solution quantitative pouring that melting is obtained is in liquid-state forging die, pouring temperature is 1550-1650 DEG C, pressing speed is 30-100 mm/s, filling time 1-6 s, specific pressure 150-200 MPa, and under this pressure pressurize 35-90 s, obtain nearly whole cross section ring base;
Described waste heat ausrolling is: when the near whole cross section ring base after homogenising is cooled to 1120-1160 DEG C, on the compound machine for rolling ring of journal axle, carry out waste heat ausrolling.
Further, after stainless steel melting completes, by the external refining in ladle refining furnace of stainless steel solution, and the temperature of external refining is 1600-1650 DEG C;
Further, after liquid-state forging die is fixed on indirect extrusion casting machine, while being preheated to 150-200 DEG C, in liquid-state forging die die cavity, evenly spray one deck yttrium oxide base refractory coating, coating layer thickness 10-20 μ m, continues preheating liquid-state forging die to 350-400 DEG C;
Further, described waste heat ausrolling comprise successively the quick rolling stage, stablize the rolling stage, the deceleration rolling stage with become the rounding shape stage, axial feed velocity V when described quick rolling stage and stable rolling stage
axiallywith radial feed speed V
radiallymeet V
axially=(0.5～0.6) V
radially, the described deceleration rolling stage when becoming the rounding shape stage, the not feeding of cone roller of the compound machine for rolling ring of journal axle, only rolling is due to spreading that radial rolling causes, in the time that the external diameter of ring base and finished product ring differ 30-50 mm, axial roll is lifted;
Further, rolling mold and the blank temperature difference are ± 10 DEG C;
Further, the smaller value between the maximum amount of feeding that the radial feeds of the compound machine for rolling ring of the journal axle selection saturating desired minimum amount of feeding of forging and the pass of nipping allow;
Further, described finishing is cold-finish;
Further, in waste heat ausrolling process, the home roll rotating speed of the compound machine for rolling ring of journal axle is 0.5-0.8 rad/s, and feed rate of idle roll is 1-30 mm/s;
Further, the cavity shape of described liquid-state forging die is similar to the shape of ring, in the time of the design of liquid-state forging die, choose a side of simple shape on inside/outside cross section as positioning reference plane, and the shape that roll contacts with nearly whole cross section ring base during according to waste heat ausrolling arranges the die cavity of liquid-state forging die, and the closed size of liquid-state forging die die cavity is compared with the final sectional dimension of ring: the radial dimension of liquid-state forging die is greater than the radial dimension of ring, and the axial dimension of liquid-state forging die is less than the radial dimension of ring;
Further, rolling ratio >=1.4 of described waste heat ausrolling, inner eccentric holes degree≤3 ° of the near whole cross section ring base after controlled rolling, the core bore dia >=330mm of the near whole cross section ring base that liquid forging obtains.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
Large ring liquid forging rolling combined shaping method in the different cross section of stainless steel of the present invention adopts the technological process of melting → liquid forging → homogenising → waste heat ausrolling → heat treatment → finishing, the method is smelting stainless steel solution first, adopt subsequently liquid forging process to obtain nearly whole cross section ring base, and the direct rolling forming of waste heat that utilizes ring base to solidify, compared with traditional handicraft, have the following advantages:
1) short flow process, effectively enhances productivity;
2), without punching operation, the complex section of stainless steel ring relies on liquid-state forging die and roll pass common guarantee, significantly improves stock utilization, realizes near-net forming;
3) liquid forging-ring base structural state is significantly better than conventional cast ring base, is aided with follow-up hot rolling and is shaped and can fully ensures to encircle the forging state modification of base material, obtains the tissue of fine and closely woven and homogenising;
4) finishing procedure effectively ensures ring sectional dimension and surface accuracy, and the problem of avoiding machined to cause ring streamline to cut off, significantly improves comprehensive mechanical property;
5) blank need not heat repeatedly, and energy-saving and emission-reduction realize green manufacturing.
Therefore, the different cross section of stainless steel of the present invention large ring liquid forging rolling combined shaping method is effectively simplified blank-making technology, and shortened process, reduces costs, and boosts productivity and economic benefit, has huge development potentiality and wide popularizing application prospect.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the detailed description of the invention of the different cross section of stainless steel of the present invention large ring liquid forging rolling combined shaping method is elaborated.
the first embodiment
The different cross section of the stainless steel large ring liquid forging rolling combined shaping method of the present embodiment, comprises the ausrolling → heat treatment → finishing of melting → liquid forging → homogenising → waste heat, and the stainless steel of the present embodiment is 0Cr17Ni12Mo2.
Melting is: stainless steel is carried out in melting furnace to melting, after stainless steel melting completes, by the external refining in ladle refining furnace of stainless steel solution, and the temperature of the present embodiment external refining is 1600 DEG C.
Liquid forging is: after liquid-state forging die is fixed on indirect extrusion casting machine, by the stainless steel solution quantitative pouring obtaining after melting in liquid-state forging die, pouring temperature is 1550 DEG C, pressing speed is 30 mm/s, filling time 6 s, specific pressure 150 MPa, and under this pressure pressurize 90 s, obtain nearly whole cross section ring base.Specific pressure refers to liquid metal cooling unit pressure of bearing under pressure.Preferably, after liquid-state forging die is fixed on indirect extrusion casting machine, and while being preheated to 150 DEG C, in liquid-state forging die die cavity, evenly spray one deck yttrium oxide base refractory coating, coating layer thickness 10 μ m, continue preheating liquid-state forging die to 300 DEG C, by spray one deck yttrium oxide base refractory coating in liquid-state forging die die cavity, can be conveniently stripped.
Adopt liquid forging to make nearly whole cross section ring base, make 0Cr17Ni12Mo2 stainless steel crystallization, shaping produce a small amount of plastic deformation under pressure, obtain dense internal organization, crystal grain is tiny, the high-quality Melted Metal Squeezing Workpieces of any surface finish.Liquid forging has following process characteristic:
1) liquid forging can be eliminated pore, shrinkage cavity and the defect such as loose of foundry goods inside, produces local plastic deformation, makes foundry goods dense structure;
2) liquid metal, at Forming under Pressure and solidifying, makes foundry goods tight with the laminating of die cavity wall, thereby Melted Metal Squeezing Workpieces has higher surface smoothness and dimensional accuracy, and its rank can reach the level of die casting;
3) Melted Metal Squeezing Workpieces is in process of setting, and each position is in compressive stress state, is conducive to the feeding of foundry goods and prevents the generation of casting crack;
4) liquid forging process is applicable to the ring base of preparation cross section complexity very much, can effectively reduce costs, and improves the stock utilization of ring.Liquid forging technology also has the advantages such as technique is simple, foundry goods good mechanical property, production efficiency is high, cost is relatively low.
Waste heat ausrolling is: when the near whole cross section ring base after homogenising is cooled to 1120 DEG C, on the compound machine for rolling ring of journal axle, carry out waste heat ausrolling.The waste heat ausrolling of the present embodiment comprises successively the quick rolling stage, stablizes the rolling stage, the deceleration rolling stage with become rounding shape stage four-stage altogether, axial feed velocity V when rolling stage and stable rolling stage fast
axiallywith radial feed speed V
radiallymeet V
axially=0.5V
radiallythe deceleration rolling stage is when becoming the rounding shape stage, the not feeding of cone roller of the compound machine for rolling ring of journal axle, only rolling is due to spreading that radial rolling causes, in the time that the ring external diameter of base and finished product ring differ 30mm, axial roll is lifted, in waste heat ausrolling process, rolling mold and the blank temperature difference are ± 10 DEG C, and the rolling mold of the present embodiment and the blank temperature difference are 0 DEG C.The roll section groove of the compound machine for rolling ring of journal axle is according to ring product cross section design, and with liquid-state forging die die cavity cross-sections match, and ensure enough deformation extents and both couplings.Smaller value between the maximum amount of feeding that the radial feeds selection saturating desired minimum amount of feeding of forging of the compound machine for rolling ring of journal axle and the pass of nipping allow.Preferably, in waste heat ausrolling process, the home roll rotating speed of the compound machine for rolling ring of journal axle is 0.5 rad/s, and feed rate of idle roll is 25mm/s.
Further, the finishing of the present embodiment is cold-finish.
Further, the cavity shape of liquid-state forging die is similar to the shape of ring, in the time of the design of liquid-state forging die, choose a side of simple shape on inside/outside cross section as positioning reference plane, and the shape that roll contacts with nearly whole cross section ring base during according to waste heat ausrolling arranges the die cavity of liquid-state forging die, effectively avoid blank cross sectional shape complexity to cause the point/line between rolling initial stage ring base and roll to contact, cause skidding or the problem of malocclusion.The closed size of liquid-state forging die die cavity is compared with the final sectional dimension of ring: the radial dimension of liquid-state forging die is greater than the radial dimension of ring, and the axial dimension of liquid-state forging die is less than the radial dimension of ring, and concrete size is determined according to rolling ratio.
Further, rolling ratio >=1.4 of waste heat ausrolling, rolling ratio=1.4 of the present embodiment, to ensure that final ring has obvious circumferential fibers.The near whole cross section ring base inner eccentric holes degree of inner eccentric holes degree≤3 ° the present embodiment of the near whole cross section ring base after controlled rolling is 1 °, ensures terminal ring base geometric accuracy and weight precision, the core bore dia >=330mm of the near whole cross section ring base that liquid forging obtains.
The different cross section of the stainless steel large ring liquid forging rolling combined shaping method of the present embodiment adopts the technological process of melting → liquid forging → homogenising → waste heat ausrolling → heat treatment → finishing, the method is smelting stainless steel solution first, adopt subsequently liquid forging process to obtain nearly whole cross section ring base, and the direct rolling forming of waste heat that utilizes ring base to solidify, compared with traditional handicraft, have the following advantages:
1) short flow process, effectively enhances productivity;
2), without punching operation, the complex section of stainless steel ring relies on liquid-state forging die and roll pass common guarantee, significantly improves stock utilization, realizes near-net forming;
3) liquid forging-ring base structural state is significantly better than conventional cast ring base, is aided with follow-up hot rolling and is shaped and can fully ensures to encircle the forging state modification of base material, obtains the tissue of fine and closely woven and homogenising;
4) finishing procedure effectively ensures ring sectional dimension and surface accuracy, and the problem of avoiding machined to cause ring streamline to cut off, significantly improves comprehensive mechanical property;
5) blank need not heat repeatedly, and energy-saving and emission-reduction realize green manufacturing;
Therefore, the different cross section of the stainless steel of the present embodiment large ring liquid forging rolling combined shaping method is effectively simplified blank-making technology, and shortened process, reduces costs, and boosts productivity and economic benefit, has huge development potentiality and wide popularizing application prospect.
the second embodiment
The different cross section of the stainless steel large ring liquid forging rolling combined shaping method of the present embodiment, comprises the ausrolling → heat treatment → finishing of melting → liquid forging → homogenising → waste heat, and the stainless steel of the present embodiment is 0Cr18Ni9Ti.
Melting is: stainless steel is carried out in melting furnace to melting, after stainless steel melting completes, by the external refining in ladle refining furnace of stainless steel solution, and the temperature of the present embodiment external refining is 1650 DEG C.
Liquid forging is: after liquid-state forging die is fixed on indirect extrusion casting machine, by the stainless steel solution quantitative pouring obtaining after melting in liquid-state forging die, pouring temperature is 1650 DEG C, pressing speed is 100mm/s, filling time 1 s, specific pressure 200 MPa, and under this pressure pressurize 35s, obtain nearly whole cross section ring base.Specific pressure refers to liquid metal cooling unit pressure of bearing under pressure.Preferably, after liquid-state forging die is fixed on indirect extrusion casting machine, and while being preheated to 200 DEG C, in liquid-state forging die die cavity, evenly spray one deck yttrium oxide base refractory coating, coating layer thickness 20 μ m, continue preheating liquid-state forging die to 400 DEG C, by spray one deck yttrium oxide base refractory coating in liquid-state forging die die cavity, can be conveniently stripped.
Adopt liquid forging to make nearly whole cross section ring base, make 0Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel crystallization, shaping produce a small amount of plastic deformation under pressure, obtain dense internal organization, crystal grain is tiny, the high-quality Melted Metal Squeezing Workpieces of any surface finish.Liquid forging has following process characteristic:
1) liquid forging can be eliminated pore, shrinkage cavity and the defect such as loose of foundry goods inside, produces local plastic deformation, makes foundry goods dense structure;
2) liquid metal, at Forming under Pressure and solidifying, makes foundry goods tight with the laminating of die cavity wall, thereby Melted Metal Squeezing Workpieces has higher surface smoothness and dimensional accuracy, and its rank can reach the level of die casting;
3) Melted Metal Squeezing Workpieces is in process of setting, and each position is in compressive stress state, is conducive to the feeding of foundry goods and prevents the generation of casting crack;
4) liquid forging process is applicable to the ring base of preparation cross section complexity very much, can effectively reduce costs, and improves the stock utilization of ring.Liquid forging technology also has the advantages such as technique is simple, foundry goods good mechanical property, production efficiency is high, cost is relatively low.
Waste heat ausrolling is: when the near whole cross section ring base after homogenising is cooled to 1160 DEG C, on the compound machine for rolling ring of journal axle, carry out waste heat ausrolling.The waste heat ausrolling of the present embodiment comprises successively the quick rolling stage, stablizes the rolling stage, the deceleration rolling stage with become rounding shape stage four-stage altogether, axial feed velocity V when rolling stage and stable rolling stage fast
axiallywith radial feed speed V
radiallymeet V
axially=0.6V
radiallythe deceleration rolling stage is when becoming the rounding shape stage, the not feeding of cone roller of the compound machine for rolling ring of journal axle, only rolling is due to spreading that radial rolling causes, in the time that the ring external diameter of base and finished product ring differ 50mm, axial roll is lifted, and in waste heat ausrolling process, rolling mold and the blank temperature difference are ± 10 DEG C.The rolling mold of the present embodiment and the blank temperature difference are 10 DEG C.The roll section groove of the compound machine for rolling ring of journal axle is according to ring product cross section design, and with liquid-state forging die die cavity cross-sections match, and ensure enough deformation extents and both couplings.Smaller value between the maximum amount of feeding that the radial feeds selection saturating desired minimum amount of feeding of forging of the compound machine for rolling ring of journal axle and the pass of nipping allow.Preferably, in waste heat ausrolling process, the home roll rotating speed of the compound machine for rolling ring of journal axle is 0.8 rad/s, and feed rate of idle roll is 30 mm/s.
Further, the finishing of the present embodiment is cold-finish.
Further, the cavity shape of liquid-state forging die is similar to the shape of ring, in the time of the design of liquid-state forging die, choose a side of simple shape on inside/outside cross section as positioning reference plane, and the shape that roll contacts with nearly whole cross section ring base during according to waste heat ausrolling arranges the die cavity of liquid-state forging die, effectively avoid blank cross sectional shape complexity to cause the point/line between rolling initial stage ring base and roll to contact, cause skidding or the problem of malocclusion.The closed size of liquid-state forging die die cavity is compared with the final sectional dimension of ring: the radial dimension of liquid-state forging die is greater than the radial dimension of ring, and the axial dimension of liquid-state forging die is less than the radial dimension of ring, and concrete size is determined according to rolling ratio.
Further, rolling ratio >=1.4 of waste heat ausrolling, rolling ratio=3 of the present embodiment, to ensure that final ring has obvious circumferential fibers.The near whole cross section ring base inner eccentric holes degree of inner eccentric holes degree≤3 ° the present embodiment of the near whole cross section ring base after controlled rolling is 2 °, ensures terminal ring base geometric accuracy and weight precision, the core bore dia >=330mm of the near whole cross section ring base that liquid forging obtains.
The different cross section of the stainless steel large ring liquid forging rolling combined shaping method of the present embodiment adopts the technological process of melting → liquid forging → homogenising → waste heat ausrolling → heat treatment → finishing, the method is smelting stainless steel solution first, adopt subsequently liquid forging process to obtain nearly whole cross section ring base, and the direct rolling forming of waste heat that utilizes ring base to solidify, compared with traditional handicraft, have the following advantages:
1) short flow process, effectively enhances productivity;
2), without punching operation, the complex section of stainless steel ring relies on liquid-state forging die and roll pass common guarantee, significantly improves stock utilization, realizes near-net forming;
3) liquid forging-ring base structural state is significantly better than conventional cast ring base, is aided with follow-up hot rolling and is shaped and can fully ensures to encircle the forging state modification of base material, obtains the tissue of fine and closely woven and homogenising;
4) finishing procedure effectively ensures ring sectional dimension and surface accuracy, and the problem of avoiding machined to cause ring streamline to cut off, significantly improves comprehensive mechanical property;
5) blank need not heat repeatedly, and energy-saving and emission-reduction realize green manufacturing;
Therefore, the different cross section of the stainless steel of the present embodiment large ring liquid forging rolling combined shaping method is effectively simplified blank-making technology, and shortened process, reduces costs, and boosts productivity and economic benefit, has huge development potentiality and wide popularizing application prospect.
the 3rd embodiment
The different cross section of the stainless steel large ring liquid forging rolling combined shaping method of the present embodiment, comprises the ausrolling → heat treatment → finishing of melting → liquid forging → homogenising → waste heat, and the stainless steel of the present embodiment is 0Cr19Ni9.
Melting is: stainless steel is carried out in melting furnace to melting, after stainless steel melting completes, by the external refining in ladle refining furnace of stainless steel solution, and the temperature of the present embodiment external refining is 1620 DEG C.
Liquid forging is: after liquid-state forging die is fixed on indirect extrusion casting machine, by the stainless steel solution quantitative pouring obtaining after melting in liquid-state forging die, pouring temperature is 1580 DEG C, pressing speed is 35mm/s, filling time 5 s, specific pressure 180 MPa, and under this pressure pressurize 60s, obtain nearly whole cross section ring base.Specific pressure refers to liquid metal cooling unit pressure of bearing under pressure.Preferably, after liquid-state forging die is fixed on indirect extrusion casting machine, and while being preheated to 180 DEG C, in liquid-state forging die die cavity, evenly spray one deck yttrium oxide base refractory coating, coating layer thickness 15 μ m, continue preheating liquid-state forging die to 350 DEG C, by spray one deck yttrium oxide base refractory coating in liquid-state forging die die cavity, can be conveniently stripped.
Adopt liquid forging to make nearly whole cross section ring base, make 0Cr19Ni9 stainless steel crystallization, shaping produce a small amount of plastic deformation under pressure, obtain dense internal organization, crystal grain is tiny, the high-quality Melted Metal Squeezing Workpieces of any surface finish.Liquid forging has following process characteristic:
1) liquid forging can be eliminated pore, shrinkage cavity and the defect such as loose of foundry goods inside, produces local plastic deformation, makes foundry goods dense structure;
2) liquid metal, at Forming under Pressure and solidifying, makes foundry goods tight with the laminating of die cavity wall, thereby Melted Metal Squeezing Workpieces has higher surface smoothness and dimensional accuracy, and its rank can reach the level of die casting;
3) Melted Metal Squeezing Workpieces is in process of setting, and each position is in compressive stress state, is conducive to the feeding of foundry goods and prevents the generation of casting crack;
4) liquid forging process is applicable to the ring base of preparation cross section complexity very much, can effectively reduce costs, and improves the stock utilization of ring.Liquid forging technology also has the advantages such as technique is simple, foundry goods good mechanical property, production efficiency is high, cost is relatively low.
Waste heat ausrolling is: when the near whole cross section ring base after homogenising is cooled to 1140 DEG C, on the compound machine for rolling ring of journal axle, carry out waste heat ausrolling.The waste heat ausrolling of the present embodiment comprises successively the quick rolling stage, stablizes the rolling stage, the deceleration rolling stage with become rounding shape stage four-stage altogether, axial feed velocity V when rolling stage and stable rolling stage fast
axiallywith radial feed speed V
radiallymeet V
axially=0.55V
radiallythe deceleration rolling stage is when becoming the rounding shape stage, the not feeding of cone roller of the compound machine for rolling ring of journal axle, only rolling is due to spreading that radial rolling causes, in the time that the ring external diameter of base and finished product ring differ 40mm, axial roll is lifted, and in waste heat ausrolling process, rolling mold and the blank temperature difference are ± 10 DEG C.The rolling mold of the present embodiment and the blank temperature difference are-10 DEG C.The roll section groove of the compound machine for rolling ring of journal axle is according to ring product cross section design, and with liquid-state forging die die cavity cross-sections match, and ensure enough deformation extents and both couplings.Smaller value between the maximum amount of feeding that the radial feeds selection saturating desired minimum amount of feeding of forging of the compound machine for rolling ring of journal axle and the pass of nipping allow.Preferably, in waste heat ausrolling process, the home roll rotating speed of the compound machine for rolling ring of journal axle is 0.7rad/s, and feed rate of idle roll is 1mm/s.
Further, the finishing of the present embodiment is cold-finish.
Further, the cavity shape of liquid-state forging die is similar to the shape of ring, in the time of the design of liquid-state forging die, choose a side of simple shape on inside/outside cross section as positioning reference plane, and the shape that roll contacts with nearly whole cross section ring base during according to waste heat ausrolling arranges the die cavity of liquid-state forging die, effectively avoid blank cross sectional shape complexity to cause the point/line between rolling initial stage ring base and roll to contact, cause skidding or the problem of malocclusion.The closed size of liquid-state forging die die cavity is compared with the final sectional dimension of ring: the radial dimension of liquid-state forging die is greater than the radial dimension of ring, and the axial dimension of liquid-state forging die is less than the radial dimension of ring, and concrete size is determined according to rolling ratio.
Further, rolling ratio >=1.4 of waste heat ausrolling, rolling ratio=2 of the present embodiment, to ensure that final ring has obvious circumferential fibers.Inner eccentric holes degree≤3 ° of the near whole cross section ring base after controlled rolling, the near whole cross section ring base inner eccentric holes degree of the present embodiment is 3 °, ensures terminal ring base geometric accuracy and weight precision, the core bore dia >=330mm of the near whole cross section ring base that liquid forging obtains.
The different cross section of the stainless steel large ring liquid forging rolling combined shaping method of the present embodiment adopts the technological process of melting → liquid forging → homogenising → waste heat ausrolling → heat treatment → finishing, the method is smelting stainless steel solution first, adopt subsequently liquid forging process to obtain nearly whole cross section ring base, and the direct rolling forming of waste heat that utilizes ring base to solidify, compared with traditional handicraft, have the following advantages:
1) short flow process, effectively enhances productivity;
2), without punching operation, the complex section of stainless steel ring relies on liquid-state forging die and roll pass common guarantee, significantly improves stock utilization, realizes near-net forming;
3) liquid forging-ring base structural state is significantly better than conventional cast ring base, is aided with follow-up hot rolling and is shaped and can fully ensures to encircle the forging state modification of base material, obtains the tissue of fine and closely woven and homogenising;
4) finishing procedure effectively ensures ring sectional dimension and surface accuracy, and the problem of avoiding machined to cause ring streamline to cut off, significantly improves comprehensive mechanical property;
5) blank need not heat repeatedly, and energy-saving and emission-reduction realize green manufacturing;
Therefore, the different cross section of the stainless steel of the present embodiment large ring liquid forging rolling combined shaping method is effectively simplified blank-making technology, and shortened process, reduces costs, and boosts productivity and economic benefit, has huge development potentiality and wide popularizing application prospect.
the 4th embodiment
The different cross section of the stainless steel large ring liquid forging rolling combined shaping method of the present embodiment, comprises the ausrolling → heat treatment → finishing of melting → liquid forging → homogenising → waste heat, and the stainless steel of the present embodiment is 0Cr12.
Melting is: stainless steel is carried out in melting furnace to melting, after stainless steel melting completes, by the external refining in ladle refining furnace of stainless steel solution, and the temperature of the present embodiment external refining is 1640 DEG C.
Liquid forging is: after liquid-state forging die is fixed on indirect extrusion casting machine, by the stainless steel solution quantitative pouring obtaining after melting in liquid-state forging die, pouring temperature is 1600 DEG C, pressing speed is 35mm/s, filling time 5 s, specific pressure 170 MPa, and under this pressure pressurize 80s, obtain nearly whole cross section ring base.Specific pressure refers to liquid metal cooling unit pressure of bearing under pressure.Preferably, after liquid-state forging die is fixed on indirect extrusion casting machine, and while being preheated to 180 DEG C, in liquid-state forging die die cavity, evenly spray one deck yttrium oxide base refractory coating, coating layer thickness 15 μ m, continue preheating liquid-state forging die to 380 DEG C, by spray one deck yttrium oxide base refractory coating in liquid-state forging die die cavity, can be conveniently stripped.
Adopt liquid forging to make nearly whole cross section ring base, make 0Cr19Ni9 stainless steel crystallization, shaping produce a small amount of plastic deformation under pressure, obtain dense internal organization, crystal grain is tiny, the high-quality Melted Metal Squeezing Workpieces of any surface finish.Liquid forging has following process characteristic:
1) liquid forging can be eliminated pore, shrinkage cavity and the defect such as loose of foundry goods inside, produces local plastic deformation, makes foundry goods dense structure;
2) liquid metal, at Forming under Pressure and solidifying, makes foundry goods tight with the laminating of die cavity wall, thereby Melted Metal Squeezing Workpieces has higher surface smoothness and dimensional accuracy, and its rank can reach the level of die casting;
3) Melted Metal Squeezing Workpieces is in process of setting, and each position is in compressive stress state, is conducive to the feeding of foundry goods and prevents the generation of casting crack;
4) liquid forging process is applicable to the ring base of preparation cross section complexity very much, can effectively reduce costs, and improves the stock utilization of ring.Liquid forging technology also has the advantages such as technique is simple, foundry goods good mechanical property, production efficiency is high, cost is relatively low.
Waste heat ausrolling is: when the near whole cross section ring base after homogenising is cooled to 1150 DEG C, on the compound machine for rolling ring of journal axle, carry out waste heat ausrolling.The waste heat ausrolling of the present embodiment comprises successively the quick rolling stage, stablizes the rolling stage, the deceleration rolling stage with become rounding shape stage four-stage altogether, axial feed velocity V when rolling stage and stable rolling stage fast
axiallywith radial feed speed V
radiallymeet V
axially=0.55V
radiallythe deceleration rolling stage is when becoming the rounding shape stage, the not feeding of cone roller of the compound machine for rolling ring of journal axle, only rolling is due to spreading that radial rolling causes, in the time that the ring external diameter of base and finished product ring differ 40mm, axial roll is lifted, and in waste heat ausrolling process, rolling mold and the blank temperature difference are ± 10 DEG C.The rolling mold of the present embodiment and the blank temperature difference are 0 DEG C.The roll section groove of the compound machine for rolling ring of journal axle is according to ring product cross section design, and with liquid-state forging die die cavity cross-sections match, and ensure enough deformation extents and both couplings.Smaller value between the maximum amount of feeding that the radial feeds selection saturating desired minimum amount of feeding of forging of the compound machine for rolling ring of journal axle and the pass of nipping allow.Preferably, in waste heat ausrolling process, the home roll rotating speed of the compound machine for rolling ring of journal axle is 0.6rad/s, and feed rate of idle roll is 10mm/s.
Further, the finishing of the present embodiment is cold-finish.
Further, the cavity shape of liquid-state forging die is similar to the shape of ring, in the time of the design of liquid-state forging die, choose a side of simple shape on inside/outside cross section as positioning reference plane, and the shape that roll contacts with nearly whole cross section ring base during according to waste heat ausrolling arranges the die cavity of liquid-state forging die, effectively avoid blank cross sectional shape complexity to cause the point/line between rolling initial stage ring base and roll to contact, cause skidding or the problem of malocclusion.The closed size of liquid-state forging die die cavity is compared with the final sectional dimension of ring: the radial dimension of liquid-state forging die is greater than the radial dimension of ring, and the axial dimension of liquid-state forging die is less than the radial dimension of ring, and concrete size is determined according to rolling ratio.
Further, rolling ratio >=1.4 of waste heat ausrolling, rolling ratio=1.5 of the present embodiment, to ensure that final ring has obvious circumferential fibers.Inner eccentric holes degree≤3 ° of the near whole cross section ring base after controlled rolling, the near whole cross section ring base inner eccentric holes degree of the present embodiment is 3 °, ensures terminal ring base geometric accuracy and weight precision, the core bore dia >=330mm of the near whole cross section ring base that liquid forging obtains.
The different cross section of the stainless steel large ring liquid forging rolling combined shaping method of the present embodiment adopts the technological process of melting → liquid forging → homogenising → waste heat ausrolling → heat treatment → finishing, the method is smelting stainless steel solution first, adopt subsequently liquid forging process to obtain nearly whole cross section ring base, and the direct rolling forming of waste heat that utilizes ring base to solidify, compared with traditional handicraft, have the following advantages:
1) short flow process, effectively enhances productivity;
2), without punching operation, the complex section of stainless steel ring relies on liquid-state forging die and roll pass common guarantee, significantly improves stock utilization, realizes near-net forming;
3) liquid forging-ring base structural state is significantly better than conventional cast ring base, is aided with follow-up hot rolling and is shaped and can fully ensures to encircle the forging state modification of base material, obtains the tissue of fine and closely woven and homogenising;
4) finishing procedure effectively ensures ring sectional dimension and surface accuracy, and the problem of avoiding machined to cause ring streamline to cut off, significantly improves comprehensive mechanical property;
5) blank need not heat repeatedly, and energy-saving and emission-reduction realize green manufacturing;
Therefore, the different cross section of the stainless steel of the present embodiment large ring liquid forging rolling combined shaping method is effectively simplified blank-making technology, and shortened process, reduces costs, and boosts productivity and economic benefit, has huge development potentiality and wide popularizing application prospect.
Certainly, large ring liquid forging rolling combined shaping method in the different cross section of stainless steel of the present invention is also applicable to the stainless steel of other trades mark, as 0Cr25Ni20 etc., and tired stating no longer one by one.
Finally explanation is, above embodiment is only unrestricted in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described, although the present invention is had been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, can modify or be equal to replacement technical scheme of the present invention, and not departing from aim and the scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the different cross section of a stainless steel large ring liquid forging rolling combined shaping method, is characterized in that: comprise the ausrolling → heat treatment → finishing of melting → liquid forging → homogenising → waste heat;
Described liquid forging is: after liquid-state forging die is fixed on indirect extrusion casting machine, the stainless steel solution quantitative pouring that melting is obtained is in liquid-state forging die, pouring temperature is 1550-1650 DEG C, pressing speed is 30-100 mm/s, filling time 1-6 s, specific pressure 170-200 MPa, and under this pressure pressurize 35-90 s, obtain nearly whole cross section ring base;
Described waste heat ausrolling is: when the near whole cross section ring base after homogenising is cooled to 1120-1160 DEG C, on the compound machine for rolling ring of journal axle, carry out waste heat ausrolling.
2. the different cross section of stainless steel according to claim 1 large ring liquid forging rolling combined shaping method, it is characterized in that: after stainless steel melting completes, stainless steel solution is carried out in ladle refining furnace to external refining, and the temperature of external refining is 1600-1650 DEG C.
3. the different cross section of stainless steel according to claim 1 large ring liquid forging rolling combined shaping method, it is characterized in that: after liquid-state forging die is fixed on indirect extrusion casting machine, while being preheated to 150-200 DEG C, in liquid-state forging die die cavity, evenly spray one deck yttrium oxide base refractory coating, coating layer thickness 10-20 μ m, continues preheating liquid-state forging die to 300-400 DEG C.
4. the different cross section of stainless steel according to claim 1 large ring liquid forging rolling combined shaping method, it is characterized in that: described waste heat ausrolling comprises successively the quick rolling stage, stablizes the rolling stage, the deceleration rolling stage with become the rounding shape stage, axial feed velocity V when described quick rolling stage and stable rolling stage
axiallywith radial feed speed V
radiallymeet V
axially=(0.5～0.6) V
radially, the described deceleration rolling stage when becoming the rounding shape stage, the not feeding of cone roller of the compound machine for rolling ring of journal axle, only rolling is due to spreading that radial rolling causes, in the time that the external diameter of ring base and finished product ring differ 30-50 mm, axial roll is lifted.
5. the different cross section of stainless steel according to claim 4 large ring liquid forging rolling combined shaping method, is characterized in that: rolling mold and the blank temperature difference are ± 10 DEG C.
6. the different cross section of stainless steel according to claim 4 large ring liquid forging rolling combined shaping method, is characterized in that: the smaller value between the maximum amount of feeding that the radial feeds selection saturating desired minimum amount of feeding of forging of the compound machine for rolling ring of journal axle and the pass of nipping allow.
7. the different cross section of stainless steel according to claim 1 large ring liquid forging rolling combined shaping method, is characterized in that: described finishing is cold-finish.
8. the different cross section of stainless steel according to claim 1 large ring liquid forging rolling combined shaping method, it is characterized in that: in waste heat ausrolling process, the home roll rotating speed of the compound machine for rolling ring of journal axle is 0.5-0.8 rad/s, and feed rate of idle roll is 1-30 mm/s.
9. according to the different cross section of the stainless steel large ring liquid forging rolling combined shaping method described in claim 1-8 any one, it is characterized in that: the cavity shape of described liquid-state forging die is similar to the shape of ring, in the time of the design of liquid-state forging die, choose a side of simple shape on inside/outside cross section as positioning reference plane, and the shape that roll contacts with nearly whole cross section ring base during according to waste heat ausrolling arranges the die cavity of liquid-state forging die, and the closed size of liquid-state forging die die cavity is compared with the final sectional dimension of ring: the radial dimension of liquid-state forging die is greater than the radial dimension of ring, the axial dimension of liquid-state forging die is less than the radial dimension of ring.
10. the different cross section of stainless steel according to claim 1 large ring liquid forging rolling combined shaping method, it is characterized in that: rolling ratio >=1.4 of described waste heat ausrolling, inner eccentric holes degree≤3 ° of the near whole cross section ring base after controlled rolling, the core bore dia >=330mm of the near whole cross section ring base that liquid forging obtains.
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| CN111804877A (en) * | 2020-07-10 | 2020-10-23 | 马鞍山市广源法兰环件有限公司 | Local connection machining forming process for large ring piece |
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