CN111280048A - Breeding method of two-line sterile line of photic leaf type rice - Google Patents
Breeding method of two-line sterile line of photic leaf type rice Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of rice breeding, and particularly relates to a method for breeding a two-line sterile line of smooth-leaf rice. The invention takes two rice two-line sterile lines and light-leaf type Java rice as hybrid parents, adopts a three-cross hybrid combination method, plants the two-line sterile lines under different light and temperature conditions of a sterile period and a fertile period, and breeds the excellent light-leaf type rice two-line sterile line with stable light leaf and sterility, good combining ability, breeding, seed production and high hybrid yield by identifying the light leaf phenotype, sterility and fertility of multiple generations, and screening comprehensive character and sterility starting point temperature. The sterile line has high outcrossing seed setting rate, strong vitality of the matched hybrid seeds, good appearance and taste quality of rice, strong high-temperature resistance, suitability for mechanized harvesting, reduced manual investment and increased income of farmers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rice breeding, and particularly relates to a method for breeding a two-line sterile line of smooth-leaf rice.
Background
The Guangya rice (Oryza Sativa) also known as Guangyi rice and Cucumis rice is distributed in America, Africa and Yunnan areas of China and is a main cultivated variety in southern America and partial Africa areas. The most distinctive feature is that the leaves, stems, leaf sheaths and grains are smooth to touch, and long hair and micro hair are absent on the microstructure, and only glandular hair is observed. The rice with bare leaves has the advantages of strong stems, strong lodging resistance, photooxidation resistance, higher photosynthetic efficiency, high temperature resistance, good grain fullness, no chalkiness of rice grains, more ears and grains and the like, is found by breeders, has the characteristics of easy harvesting, transportation, storage and the like compared with common rice varieties, is suitable for the operation habits of mechanized production and agricultural workers, has more excellent rice milling quality, appearance quality and cooking quality, and has stronger market competitiveness.
A series of light-leaf rice varieties such as Rexoro, Gulfmont, Lemont, Rexmont and Rosemont are bred in the United states at present. The current domestic bare leaf rice mainly takes conventional varieties, such as double-light S; however, the hybrid rice variety with bare leaves has not been popularized in a large scale, and the hybrid breeding of bare rice mainly uses three lines, such as wild abortive three-line sterile line bare leaves A, bare-leaf rice photo-thermo-sensitive genic sterile line 153S, bare-leaf glutinous rice sterile line Mingguo S-1, and the like. Compared with three-line breeding, the two-line rice breeding gets rid of the restriction of the relationship between Hui and Bao, can select the male parent more widely, enriches the genetic background and improves the heterosis. Therefore, based on the excellent agronomic, processing and storage properties and better rice quality of the phoma japonica rice, the development of a phoma japonica rice photo-thermo-sensitive genic male sterile line with high efficiency, high quality and high yield potential is necessary.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems of low breeding efficiency, poor fertility of bred varieties and the like of the existing three-line method of the bare-leaf rice, the invention aims to provide the breeding method of the two-line sterile line of the bare-leaf rice, the breeding method has high efficiency and good benefit, and the bred two-line sterile line has high yield, excellent rice quality, good nutrition and high temperature resistance when matched.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for breeding a two-line sterile line of photic leaf type rice comprises the following steps:
(1) parent selection: selecting a rice two-line sterile line P1, a light-leaf rice P2, another rice two-line sterile line P3, a rice early maturing restoration line P4 and a rice late maturing restoration line P5;
(2) the hybridization and screening method comprises the following steps:
a) in the fertile period of the two-line sterile line, making a hybrid P1/P2 to obtain a hybrid F1 seed which is expressed by F1-12;
b) planting F1-12 plants, and making a triple-crossing combination P1/P2// P3 after eliminating false hybrids in the heading stage to obtain triple-crossing F1 generation seeds represented by F1-123;
c) planting triple-cross F1-123 plants in the sterile period of the two-line sterile line; pollen microscopic examination is carried out on the separated bare leaf sterile line single plants in the heading and flowering period, the single plants with the sterility degree of 100 percent are selected for character identification and screening, and the target characters comprise: the whole growth period is 80-125d, the plant height is 65-85cm, the ear length is 20-30cm, the ear number is 90-140 grains, the ear number is 12-18, the length-width ratio of grains is 2.5-4.5, the thousand grain weight is 20-30g, the stigma is large and the exposure rate is high; performing light leaf phenotype identification on leaves of selected single plants, and marking the leaves; cutting rice stumps of sterile single plants which have smooth leaves and are completely sterile and accord with target characters in a mature period, transplanting the sterile single plants to a low-temperature region for planting, carrying out fertility identification, selecting single plants which have complete pollen abortion in the sterile period and have sterile transformation temperature close to that of a parent P3, carrying out branding marking and bagging; selecting a whole hairless single plant for harvesting seeds in the maturation period to obtain triple-cross F2 generation seeds, which are expressed as F2-123;
d) in the sterile period of the two-line sterile line, sowing triple cross F2-123 in the plant division line; identifying and screening the ear-sprouting period according to target characters, performing pollen microscopic examination on the bare-leaf type sterile line of the whole plant bare leaves, selecting a single plant with the sterility degree of 100% for cutting rice stumps of each plant line, transferring the cut rice stumps to a low-temperature region for planting, performing fertility identification, selecting a single plant with complete pollen abortion and sterile transformation temperature close to that of a parent P3 in the sterile period, carrying out branding marking and bagging; selecting a whole hairless single plant for harvesting seeds in the maturation period to obtain triple-cross F3 generation seeds, which are expressed as F3-123;
e) repeating the step d), and sowing the triple-cross F3-123 in the plant division line in the sterile period of the two-line sterile line to obtain triple-cross F4 generation seeds expressed by the triple-cross F4-123; continuously sowing the three-way cross F4-123 seeds and harvesting the seeds until the three-way cross F6-123 seeds are obtained;
f) in the sterile period of the two-line sterile line, planting three-way cross F6-123, a premature restorer line P4 and a late-maturing restorer line P5 in different lines; carrying out test cross on the triple cross F6-123 strain by utilizing P4 and P5 to obtain test cross F1-1, test cross F1-2 and triple cross F7-123 seeds;
g) in the sterile period of the two-line sterile line, planting triple cross F7-123, test cross F1-1 and test cross F1-2 in different lines; and (3) performing yield comparison test on the test cross F1-1 and the test cross F1-2, and screening out a test cross F1-1 and test cross F1-2 combination with excellent comprehensive properties, wherein the corresponding triple cross F7-123 strain is the developed light leaf type rice two-line sterile line.
Further, the rice two-line sterile line P1 is Guangzhan 63S, the light-leaf type rice P2 is Java rice, the rice two-line sterile line P3 is Y58S, the rice early-maturing restorer line P4 is Huazhan, and the rice late-maturing restorer line P5 is R17.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention uses two rice two-line sterile lines (one line is dual-purpose), a bare leaf rice line, a rice early maturing restoring line and a rice late maturing restoring line as hybridization parents to adopt a three-cross hybridization method, and a bare leaf gene is polymerized into the rice two-line sterile line, so as to breed an excellent bare leaf rice two-line sterile line. The breeding method has high efficiency and good benefit, and the bred hybrid of the sterile line of the two lines of the bare-leaf rice has the advantages of high yield, excellent rice quality, good nutrition, high temperature resistance and the like. The bare leaf rice combination prepared by planting the sterile line has large spike fall resistance and good high-temperature seed setting rate, is suitable for mechanized operation, can effectively reduce the labor input and improve the income of farmers. The bare-leaf rice variety has high and stable yield, the yield is increased by 9.5 percent per mu compared with that of the common rice variety, the labor cost is reduced by 150 yuan, the purchase price of high-quality rice is increased by 5 to 10 percent, and the income of farmers can be increased by 300 yuan per mu.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The seeds of Guangzhou 63S, Java rice, Y58S, Huazhan and R17 used in the following examples were all commercially available from conventional sources.
Example 1
A method for breeding a two-line sterile line of photic leaf type rice comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting two-line sterile line Guangzhan 63S (P1) and Guangyi leaf type Java rice (P2) as hybrid parents to be hybridized with P1/P2 in the fertile period of the two-line sterile line to obtain hybridized F1 seeds expressed as F1-12;
(2) planting 50 plants F1-12, selecting a good two-line rice sterile line Y58S (P3) as a triple-crossing parent after eliminating false hybrids in the heading stage, and performing triple-crossing combination P1/P2// P3 to obtain triple-crossing F1 generation seeds expressed as F1-123;
(3) planting 4500 plants of triple cross F1-123 in the sterile period of the two-line sterile line; performing pollen microscopic examination on the separated bare leaf sterile line single plants in the heading and flowering period, and selecting the single plants with the sterility degree of 100%; identifying and screening according to the target characters which the two-line sterile line should have; meanwhile, identifying the optical leaf phenotype of the leaves of the selected single plant, and marking 221 plants by branding; cutting rice stumps of sterile single plants which have smooth leaves and are completely sterile and meet the breeding target of two-line sterile lines in the mature period, moving the sterile single plants to a low-temperature area with the altitude of about 800 meters for planting, performing fertility identification, selecting single plant branding mark 97 single plants which have thorough pollen abortion in the sterile period and have sterile transformation temperature close to that of a parent P3Y58S, and bagging; selecting a whole hairless single plant for harvesting seeds in the maturation period to obtain 97 strains of triple-crossed F2 generation seeds, which are expressed as F2-123;
(4) in the sterile period of the two-line sterile line, 97 triple cross F2-123 plants are sown in the plant division line, and about 100 plants are planted in each plant line; identifying and screening the two-line sterile line at the heading and flowering stages according to the target characters which the two-line sterile line should have, performing pollen microscopic examination on the light leaf type sterile line of the whole plant, preferentially selecting 3 single plants with 100% sterility degree for cutting rice roots of each plant line, transplanting the rice roots to a low-temperature area with the altitude of about 800 meters for planting, performing fertility identification, selecting 40 single plants with the sterile period pollen being thoroughly aborted and the sterile transformation temperature being close to that of the parent P3Y58S for branding and bagging; selecting 40 hairless single plants in the mature period for harvest to obtain triple-cross F3 generation seeds represented by F3-123;
(5) repeating the step (4), and sowing three-way cross F3-123 in the plant division line in the sterile period of the two-line sterile line to obtain three-way cross F4 generation seeds which are expressed by three-way cross F4-123; continuously sowing the three-way cross F4-123 seeds and harvesting the seeds until the three-way cross F6-123 seeds are obtained;
(6) in the sterile period of the two-line sterile line, planting triple cross F6-123, early-maturing restorer Huazhan (P4) and late-maturing restorer R17(P5) in a plant division line, and planting 50 plants in each line; carrying out test crossing on the triple-cross F6-123 strain by utilizing P4 and P5 to identify the growth period characteristics and the advantage potential of the sterile strain to obtain test-cross F1-1, test-cross F1-2 and triple-cross F7-123 seeds;
(7) in the sterile period of the two-line sterile line, 30 of three-way cross F7-123, test cross F1-1 and test cross F1-2 are planted in a plant division line; and (3) performing yield comparison tests on 30 test cross strains F1-1 and F1-2, screening out a test cross F1-1 and F1-2 combination with excellent comprehensive properties, and taking the No. 25 strain of the corresponding triple cross F7-123 strain as the selected two-line sterile line, namely, breeding the light-leaf two-line sterile line 'Mo6S'.
The 'Mobieyou Huazhan' hybrid rice combination of 'Mobieyou Huazhan' 6S and 'Huazhan' matched group has the advantages that the average yield per mu is increased by 9.5 percent compared with the yield of the Fenbieyou No. 4 of a control variety, the labor cost is reduced by 150 Yuan, the purchase price of high-quality rice is increased by 5-10 percent, and the economic benefit of farmers can be increased by 300 Yuan per mu.
Claims (2)
1. A method for breeding a two-line sterile line of photic leaf type rice is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) parent selection: selecting a rice two-line sterile line P1, a light-leaf rice P2, another rice two-line sterile line P3, a rice early maturing restoration line P4 and a rice late maturing restoration line P5;
(2) the hybridization and screening method comprises the following steps:
a) in the fertile period of the two-line sterile line, making a hybrid P1/P2 to obtain a hybrid F1 seed which is expressed by F1-12;
b) planting F1-12 plants, and making a triple-crossing combination P1/P2// P3 after eliminating false hybrids in the heading stage to obtain triple-crossing F1 generation seeds represented by F1-123;
c) planting triple-cross F1-123 plants in the sterile period of the two-line sterile line; pollen microscopic examination is carried out on the separated bare leaf sterile line single plants in the heading and flowering period, the single plants with the sterility degree of 100 percent are selected for character identification and screening, and the target characters comprise: the whole growth period is 80-125d, the plant height is 65-85cm, the ear length is 20-30cm, the ear number is 90-140 grains, the ear number is 12-18, the length-width ratio of grains is 2.5-4.5, the thousand grain weight is 20-30g, the stigma is large and the exposure rate is high; performing light leaf phenotype identification on leaves of selected single plants, and marking the leaves; cutting rice stumps of sterile single plants which have smooth leaves and are completely sterile and accord with target characters in a mature period, transplanting the sterile single plants to a low-temperature region for planting, carrying out fertility identification, selecting single plants which have complete pollen abortion in the sterile period and have sterile transformation temperature close to that of a parent P3, carrying out branding marking and bagging; selecting a whole hairless single plant for harvesting seeds in the maturation period to obtain triple-cross F2 generation seeds, which are expressed as F2-123;
d) in the sterile period of the two-line sterile line, sowing triple cross F2-123 in the plant division line; identifying and screening the ear-sprouting period according to target characters, performing pollen microscopic examination on the bare-leaf type sterile line of the whole plant bare leaves, selecting a single plant with the sterility degree of 100% for cutting rice stumps of each plant line, transferring the cut rice stumps to a low-temperature region for planting, performing fertility identification, selecting a single plant with complete pollen abortion and sterile transformation temperature close to that of a parent P3 in the sterile period, carrying out branding marking and bagging; selecting a whole hairless single plant for harvesting seeds in the maturation period to obtain triple-cross F3 generation seeds, which are expressed as F3-123;
e) repeating the step d), and sowing the triple-cross F3-123 in the plant division line in the sterile period of the two-line sterile line to obtain triple-cross F4 generation seeds expressed by the triple-cross F4-123; continuously sowing the three-way cross F4-123 seeds and harvesting the seeds until the three-way cross F6-123 seeds are obtained;
f) in the sterile period of the two-line sterile line, planting three-way cross F6-123, a premature restorer line P4 and a late-maturing restorer line P5 in different lines; carrying out test cross on the triple cross F6-123 strain by utilizing P4 and P5 to obtain test cross F1-1, test cross F1-2 and triple cross F7-123 seeds;
g) in the sterile period of the two-line sterile line, planting triple cross F7-123, test cross F1-1 and test cross F1-2 in different lines; and (3) performing yield comparison test on the test cross F1-1 and the test cross F1-2, and screening out a test cross F1-1 and test cross F1-2 combination with excellent comprehensive properties, wherein the corresponding triple cross F7-123 strain is the developed light leaf type rice two-line sterile line.
2. The method for breeding the photo-leaf type rice two-line sterile line as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rice two-line sterile line P1 is Guangzhan 63S, the photo-leaf type rice P2 is Java rice, the rice two-line sterile line P3 is Y58S, the rice early-maturing restorer line P4 is Huazhan, and the rice late-maturing restorer line P5 is R17.
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Cited By (1)
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Application publication date: 20200616 |