CN111280002A - Organic rice planting method using biogas slurry for fertilization during fallow period - Google Patents

Organic rice planting method using biogas slurry for fertilization during fallow period Download PDF

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CN111280002A
CN111280002A CN202010167662.3A CN202010167662A CN111280002A CN 111280002 A CN111280002 A CN 111280002A CN 202010167662 A CN202010167662 A CN 202010167662A CN 111280002 A CN111280002 A CN 111280002A
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biogas slurry
rice
period
organic
field
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束剑峰
戴辉
许玉超
王康
李稀
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Jiangsu Sugang Heshun Biotechnology Co ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/20Cereals
    • A01G22/22Rice
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F3/00Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses

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  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an organic rice planting method using biogas slurry for fertilization in a fallow period, which comprises the following steps: during the fallow period, firstly, 400-450 tons of biogas slurry per hectare is used for field cultivation for a first period of time; then a second time period of culturing the field by using 200-300 tons of biogas slurry per hectare is used for the field to be used; water feeding and salt control; and (5) transplanting rice seedlings. The method solves the problem of insufficient nutrient supply during the planting of the organic rice, improves the yield of the organic rice, improves the contents of fat, protein, amino acid, mineral elements such as iron, calcium, sodium, copper, zinc and the like in the rice, can improve saline-alkali soil, improves the content of organic matters in the soil, responds to the national policy of fallow cultivation and field cultivation, and promotes the resource utilization of biogas slurry.

Description

Organic rice planting method using biogas slurry for fertilization during fallow period
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rice planting, in particular to an organic rice planting method using biogas slurry for fertilization in a fallow period.
Background
In recent years, the safety problem of agricultural products frequently occurs, and green health food becomes the most concerned focus of people in modern diet. Organic agricultural products are sought after due to the characteristics of no pollution, health, safety and high quality, and even if the market price is several times or even more than ten times of that of common products, the organic agricultural products still meet the demand. In the production process of organic products, organisms and products thereof obtained by genetic engineering are not adopted, and chemically synthesized pesticides, chemical fertilizers, growth regulators and other substances are not used, so that the crop diseases and insect pests are serious, the yield is low, and the large-scale popularization of organic agriculture in China is limited.
The rice is one of three main grain crops in China, the planting area is wide, the yield is high, but the market value of the common rice is low, so that the return rate of investment in the traditional single rice planting is extremely low, and the enthusiasm of farmers cannot be mobilized. In order to obtain higher economic benefit, planting modes such as rice and fishing planting, rice and duck planting and the like are also successively created and widely popularized. However, in any mode, once the organic management mode is adopted, the yield of the rice is low, only 1/3-2/3 of the original yield is obtained, and the yield reaches 6t/hm even under the condition of good management and rich year2Has been of high yield. The limitation of the yield of the organic rice causes the income of growers to increase slowly, which cannot reach the psychological expectation.
Organic rice planting can only supplement soil fertility by returning straws to fields and applying organic fertilizers, but the total nutrient content of the organic fertilizers is very low, is only about 5 percent, and is far from being compared with chemical fertilizers. In addition, the nutrients in the organic fertilizer are mainly organic, can be released to be utilized by rice through the action of microorganisms, and have slow effect, so that the quick and large demand of the rice on the nutrients in the nutrition period and the reproduction period cannot be met. Although the defect of insufficient nutrients can be made up by increasing the application amount of the organic fertilizer, the current commercial organic fertilizer is expensive, so that the input cost is greatly increased, the output and the input are not proportional, and finally, the pure income is reduced. Meanwhile, chemical pesticides cannot be used in the organic rice planting period, so that the incidence rate of plant diseases and insect pests is greatly increased, the damage is serious, and the yield of the rice is greatly reduced.
Biogas fermentation is a method for retaining most nutrients in an agricultural waste treatment method, and the total nutrients in biogas slurry account for more than 85%. The nutrients in the biogas slurry are mainly quick-acting nutrients, can be quickly absorbed and utilized by plants, and are a slow and compatible liquid organic fertilizer. The existing research shows that the average nitrogen of about 3/4 is biological effective nitrogen, the content of phosphorus in the biological effective state accounts for about 85% of the total phosphorus content, and the content of potassium in the biological effective state accounts for 81% of the total potassium content. Besides, the biogas slurry also contains rich nutrients such as organic matters, amino acids, humic acid, growth hormone and the like, and various trace elements. However, the biogas slurry has low nutrient concentration, high salinity, large volume, difficult transportation, low utilization value and high treatment cost, so that the problem of seeking a safe and effective biogas slurry resource utilization mode becomes an urgent need to be solved.
The method for treating the biogas slurry by land digestion is considered to be the most easy to implement and effective biogas slurry treatment method at present, treats wastes through the combined action of crops, microorganisms and the like in land and a system, and has the advantages of large treatment capacity, low cost, good effect of removing nitrogen and phosphorus and the like. The biogas slurry is applied to the soil, so that the pH of the soil can be obviously improved, organic matters and microbial communities can be increased, meanwhile, the pest and disease damage can be prevented, the yield of crops can be increased, the quality of agricultural products can be improved, and the biogas slurry is considered to be a good soil conditioner. The farmland for dispelling the biogas slurry is mainly a paddy field, and the dry farming field is few. The existing research shows that the maximum safe biogas slurry digestion capacity of the paddy field is 300t/hm2The optimal biogas slurry digestion capacity is 75-150t/hm2. The rice prefers fertilizer and is salt and alkali resistant, a large amount of irrigation is needed in the growth period, and the biogas slurry can be fully diluted; meanwhile, the temperature is high in summer, the microbial activity is strong, the metabolism is fast, and organic pollutants in the biogas slurry can be rapidly decomposed. The method for replacing partial fertilizer with biogas slurry to be used as rice topdressing can only basically solve the problem of biogas slurry generated in summer and autumn but not in winter and spring due to the seasonality of rice growth.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention provides an organic rice planting method using biogas slurry for fertilization in a fallow period. The technical scheme is as follows:
the organic rice planting method adopting biogas slurry for fertilization in the fallow period comprises the following specific steps: during the fallow period, firstly, the field is cultivated by using biogas slurry with the dosage of 450-; then a second time period of culturing the field by using 200-300 tons of biogas slurry per hectare is used for the field to be used; water feeding and salt control; and (5) transplanting rice seedlings. Preferably, concentrated biogas slurry is applied during the growth period of the rice according to the growth situation.
Further, the biogas slurry is prepared by fermenting livestock and poultry manure, and preferably, the livestock and poultry manure is chicken manure.
Further, the biogas slurry is clear liquid stored in a biogas slurry pool for more than 30 days, wherein the organic matters are 20-50g/kg, the total nitrogen is 3-5g/kg, the total phosphorus is 1-5g/kg, and the total potassium is 4-7 g/kg. Preferably, the organic matter is 28.5g/kg, the total nitrogen is 3.4g/kg, the total phosphorus is 1.5g/kg, and the total potassium is 5.2 g/kg.
Further, the first period of time is at least 60 days.
Further, the second period of time is at least 60 days.
Further, in the process of water feeding and salt control, the mass fraction of the total salt content of the soil is controlled to be not more than 3 per thousand.
Furthermore, in the growth period of the rice, 60 to 80 percent of the normal biological pesticide dosage and 7.5kg/hm of concentrated biogas slurry are adopted for diseases and insect pests2Mixing, diluting, spraying, preventing and controlling weed, and artificially controlling weed.
Further, the concentrated biogas slurry is the biogas slurry obtained by concentrating the biogas slurry fermented by the livestock and poultry manure by at least 10 times through a membrane.
Furthermore, the mechanical rice transplanting mode is adopted for the rice transplanting.
Furthermore, the scheme is used for saline-alkali soil.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention at least has the following beneficial effects:
by adopting the planting mode of 'cultivating and fertilizing with biogas slurry plus organic rice', the problem of insufficient supply of soil nutrients in organic rice planting is solved, meanwhile, pathogenic bacteria, various pests, ova of the pests and weed seeds in soil are killed by soaking the field with biogas slurry, the occurrence degree of plant diseases and insect pests and weed is controlled from the source, the yield of the organic rice is greatly improved, meanwhile, the problem of biogas slurry treatment in winter and spring is solved, soil organic matters are increased, and pollution of biogas slurry to soil and atmosphere is avoided.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a plan view of each test field of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows the development and yield of rice treated differently in the examples of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Obtaining of the starting Material
The tested chicken manure biogas slurry and the concentrated biogas slurry are obtained from Jiangsu Suhong Kong and Shunjin Biotechnology Limited, and the biopesticide, the rice seedlings and the like come from the market.
Examples
ZYJ: after the rice is harvested, the straws are directly and uniformly spread in the field; ridging, wherein the height is 20-30 cm, the same gridding field is basically horizontal, and the horizontal height difference of two ends is not more than 5 cm; conveying the chicken manure biogas slurry stored for more than 30 days to a field irrigation ditch through a closed pipeline, wherein the biogas slurry consumption per hectare is 450 tons, and after 2 months of field cultivation, continuously cultivating the field for 2 months by 300 tons of chicken manure biogas slurry per hectare; water is fed for controlling salt, and the total salt content of the soil is ensured to be within 3 per thousand; mechanical transplanting, selecting organic rice seedlings, and growing period of rice according to lengthConcentrated biogas slurry is applied under the situation, wherein the pest and disease damage adopts 60-80% of the appropriate amount of biological pesticide and 7.5kg/hm of concentrated 10 times of chicken manure biogas slurry2The mixed solution is diluted and sprayed for preventing and controlling the weeds, and the manual control is adopted to implement the planting mode of 'rice and biogas slurry field cultivation (fallow').
ZCG: after harvesting, the wheat is mechanically crushed and returned to the field, and 187.5kg/hm of wheat is applied2Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate is used as a base fertilizer, and mechanical deep ploughing is carried out; mechanically transplanting rice seedlings, selecting common rice seedlings, applying additional fertilizer for the first time in the tillering stage of rice, applying 412.5kg/hm2Urea, secondary topdressing, applying 75t/hm2Biogas slurry, topdressing for the third time in booting stage, 202.5kg/hm2The urea, the plant diseases and insect pests are controlled by the conventional pesticide. The planting mode of 'biogas slurry topdressing + rice and wheat crop rotation' is implemented.
CK: after harvesting, the wheat is mechanically crushed and returned to the field, and 187.5kg/hm of wheat is applied2Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate is used as a base fertilizer, and mechanical deep ploughing is carried out; mechanically transplanting rice seedlings, selecting common rice seedlings, applying additional fertilizer for the first time in the tillering stage of rice, applying 637.5kg/hm2Urea, top application for the second time in booting stage, 202.5kg/hm2The urea, the plant diseases and insect pests are controlled by the conventional pesticide. The planting mode of 'full fertilizer and rice and wheat rotation' is implemented.
Wherein ZYJ means that biogas slurry is completely applied in a planting mode of 'biogas slurry fertilization (fallow) + organic rice'; ZCG means that biogas slurry and chemical fertilizer are applied in a planting mode of 'rice and wheat rotation'; CK represents that the fertilizer is used in the planting mode of 'rice and wheat rotation'.
The rice test variety of all examples was Nanjing 9108, harvested uniformly by machine and weighed in weighbridge. The planting area of each treated rice is 14hm2The plan view of the test piece is shown in FIG. 1.
The test time is from 11 months in 2018 to 11 months in 2019, and the test site is a salt city Huafeng farm.
TABLE 1 soil index Change at different periods
Figure BDA0002408023960000051
As shown in Table 1, before the start of the test, the original indexes of 3 test plots were substantially the same, and the fertility status was not greatly different. After the test is finished, the indexes of the soil of 3 test fields are obviously different, and the index of ZYJ treated soil is obviously superior to that of other 2 fields.
After biogas slurry is used for raising the field, the organic matters and available nutrients of soil treated by ZYJ are greatly improved, and the organic matters, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium are respectively improved by 9.9%, 38.6%, 87.9% and 238%; the total salt content is greatly reduced by 22.3 percent; the pH change is not great, and the pH value is reduced by 3.5 percent.
After the test is finished, compared with the soil treated by ZCG and CK, the soil organic matter, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, available phosphorus and quick-acting potassium treated by ZYJ are respectively 13.2% and 13.7%, 15.1 and 32.6%, 5% and 52%, 24.7 and 42.9%, the total salt content is respectively 11.4% and 19.4% lower, and the pH value is basically consistent.
From the whole test process, the organic matter of the soil treated by ZYJ is increased by 2.2%, and ZCG and CK are reduced by 10.2% and 9.9%; the total salt content of the soil treated by ZYJ, ZCG and CK is respectively increased by 6.9%, 18.5% and 29.6%; the pH of 3 test plots was slightly lowered as a whole; the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen of the soil treated by ZYJ is increased by 20.8 percent, and the ZCG and CK are reduced by 23.2 percent and 30.3 percent; the available phosphorus of the soil treated by ZYJ, ZCG and CK is respectively reduced by 18.3 percent, 16.8 percent and 21.2 percent; the ZYJ treated soil quick-acting potassium was substantially unchanged, and the ZCG and CK treated soils were reduced by 19.8% and 28.5%.
As can be seen from Table 2, the heavy metal content in the 3 treated soils was much lower than the risk limit of the national soil environmental quality Standard GB15618-2018, wherein the Cr, Cu and Ni content in the ZYJ treated soils decreased slightly compared to the CK treated soils.
TABLE 2 post harvest heavy metal content (mg/kg) in soil of rice
Figure BDA0002408023960000061
As shown in FIG. 2, the rice treated by ZYJ has vigorous growth and high yield, and is obviously superior to the rice planted by ZCG and CK treatments.
The ZYJ treatment promotes the growth of rice. The plant height of the CK-treated rice is the lowest and is only 84.2 cm. The plant heights of the rice treated by ZCG and ZYJ are respectively 95.5cm and 93.6cm, and the difference is not significant; but compared with CK treatment, the method improves the treatment efficiency by 13.4 percent and 11.2 percent respectively, and has obvious difference.
The ZYJ treatment increased the effective ear number of the rice. The effective spike of the CK-treated rice is the lowest, and only 13.4 spikes/hole are available. The number of effective spikes of the ZCG-treated rice is 14.7 spikes/hole, which is improved by 9.7 percent compared with CK treatment, but no obvious difference exists; the rice treated by ZYJ has the highest effective spike number which is 16.5 spikes/hole, and compared with CK treatment and ZCG treatment, the effective spike number is increased by 23.1 percent and 12.2 percent respectively, and the difference is obvious.
ZYJ treatment has little influence on the grain number of rice per ear, thousand grain weight and polished rice rate of rice. CK treatment is highest on rice, ZCG treatment is second, ZYJ treatment is lowest, but no significant difference exists among the CK treatment, the ZCG treatment and the ZYJ treatment.
ZYJ treatment increased rice yield. The yield of CK-treated rice is 9615kg/hm2. Compared with CK treatment, the yield of ZCG rice is slightly reduced to 9585kg/hm2Reduced by 30kg/hm2While the rice yield of ZYJ is greatly increased and is 10215kg/hm2Increased by 600kg/hm2
As seen from Table 3, except for the reduction of copper content in the planting with biogas slurry, the application of biogas slurry can effectively increase the nutrients such as fat, protein, amino acid and the like and mineral elements such as iron, calcium, copper and zinc in the polished rice, and the sodium content is reduced. Compared with CK treatment, the fat in the refined rice treated by ZYJ is increased to 1.5g/100g, which is increased by 66.7%; the protein is increased to 8.59g/100g, which is improved by 28.2%; the amino acid is increased to 7.07g/100g, which is increased by 243.6%; mineral elements such as iron, calcium, copper and the like are obviously increased, and particularly, the calcium is increased by 94.3 times; the sodium content is reduced to 0.597mg/100g, which is reduced by 84.4%.
TABLE 3 content of nutrients in polished rice
Figure BDA0002408023960000071
In conclusion, the organic rice (ZYJ) is planted in a planting mode of ' biogas slurry fertilization (fallow) + organic rice ', so that the organic matter and quick-acting nutrients of soil can be improved, the soil is fertilized, the risk of salinization of the soil is reduced, the growth and development of the rice can be promoted, the yield is increased, the content of nutrient components in the refined rice of the rice is increased, the content of Ca in a mineral substance is higher than that recorded in the existing literature of the rice, after the rice is harvested, the content of heavy metals in the soil does not exceed the risk limit value in the national soil environment quality standard GB15618-2018 ', and the problem of heavy metal pollution of the soil does not exist.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (9)

1. An organic rice planting method using biogas slurry for fertilization during fallow period is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
during the fallow period, firstly, the field is cultivated by using biogas slurry with the dosage of 450-;
then a second time period of culturing the field by using 200-300 tons of biogas slurry per hectare is used for the field to be used;
water feeding and salt control;
and (5) transplanting rice seedlings.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the biogas slurry is a fermented biogas slurry of livestock and poultry manure.
3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the biogas slurry is clear liquid stored in a biogas slurry pool for more than 30 days, wherein the organic matter is 20-50g/kg, the total nitrogen is 3-5g/kg, the total phosphorus is 1-5g/kg, and the total potassium is 4-7 g/kg.
4. The method of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first period of time is at least 60 days.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the second period of time is at least 60 days.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the water feeding and salt controlling process, the mass fraction of the total salt content of the soil is controlled to be not more than 3 per thousand.
7. A method as claimed in claim 2 or 3, wherein during the growth of the rice, 60% -80% of the normal amount of biopesticide and 7.5kg/hm of concentrated biogas slurry are used for pests and diseases2Mixing, diluting, spraying, preventing and controlling weed, and artificially controlling weed.
8. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the concentrated biogas slurry is the biogas slurry obtained by concentrating the biogas slurry obtained by fermenting the livestock and poultry manure by a membrane at least 10 times.
9. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the transplanting takes place mechanically.
CN202010167662.3A 2020-03-11 2020-03-11 Organic rice planting method using biogas slurry for fertilization during fallow period Pending CN111280002A (en)

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Application publication date: 20200616

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