CN111267450A - 一种连续无纬布及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种连续无纬布,包括织物层和胶膜层,所述织物层由增强纤维和热熔纤维经机织工艺织造制成,所述胶膜层位于所述织物层的两侧。本发明的制备方法不但可以实现无纬布增强纤维的有序排布,还可以实现胶黏剂含量的精确控制以及在增强纤维中的有效浸润,且使用该制备方法制得的无纬布其纤维束梳展均匀、增强纤维之间没有空隙和叠丝现象,且产品性质稳定。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于无纬布生产技术领域,尤其是涉及一种连续无纬布及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前,无纬布的生产方式主要有缠绕法和连续法两种。缠绕法,是将纤维束经携纱装置在浸胶后螺旋缠绕在转动的预付薄膜的辊筒上,然后经烘干定型后沿辊筒轴线方向连膜切开展平获得单向的无纬布;而正交布的制备则是通过将上述无纬布在辊筒上旋转90度,用同样的方法将浸胶纤维束缠绕至辊筒上,与第一层旋转无纬布进行正交复合,得到两层正交复合的无纬布。该制备方法效率低,很难实现连续生产,产品质量的一致性较差,无纬布空隙和叠丝现象严重,用其生产的防弹材料防弹水平达不到要求,产品稳定性不高。
连续法,是目前工业生产单向无纬布的常用方法,连续无纬布是通过由筒子架、导向辊、梳形铺线器、浸胶槽、上胶辊、烘干箱及卷曲装置等组成的排布机制备而成,采用该连续制备工艺存在纤维束梳展不均匀、不充分的缺点,且梳展后仍能清楚的看出纤维束的痕迹。如专利CN 102234934A公开了一种无纬布复合卷材,无纬布复合卷材中的无纬布由单向增强纤维与载体粘贴构成,虽然该方案可以实现0度无纬布的连续生产,但无纬布增强纤维间没有排布约束,同样容易出现空隙和叠丝现象。
此外,现有技术中进行连续正交布的整个制备工艺流程复杂不便,且在90度方向引入无纬布同样具有纤维束梳展不匀的缺点。
随着科技的不断发展,无纬布在防弹、防刺、防爆等领域的需求日益增长,而当前的无纬布制备方法已不能满足产品性能需求,因此,目前市场急需开发一种新的无纬布连续生产制备工艺,来提高单向、正交或多向复合无纬布的产品稳定性。
发明内容
本发明为解决上述问题提供一种连续无纬布及其制备方法,该制备方法不但可以实现无纬布增强纤维的有序排布,还可以实现胶黏剂含量的精确控制以及在增强纤维中的有效浸润,且使用该制备方法制得的无纬布其纤维束梳展均匀、增强纤维之间没有空隙和叠丝现象,且产品性质稳定。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案是:一种连续无纬布,包括织物层和胶膜层,所述织物层由增强纤维和热熔纤维经机织工艺织造制成,所述胶膜层位于所述织物层的两侧。
进一步地,所述增强纤维为高强高模聚乙烯纤维、芳纶纤维、聚对苯撑苯并二噁唑纤维中的任意一种。
进一步地,所述热熔纤维作为胶黏剂使用,其中,所述热熔纤维为使用聚酯、聚氨酯、聚酰胺、聚乙烯中的任意一种或多种基材制备而成,且所述热熔纤维为丝线状或者是热熔片。
一种连续无纬布的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)制备织物层:将增强纤维和热熔纤维经机织工艺织造得到织物层;
2)将织物层加热:将步骤1)中制得的织物层加热加压,其织物层中的热熔纤维熔融且充分浸润到增强纤维中;
3)贴覆胶膜:将步骤2)得到的织物层的上下表面使用熔融复合辊分别覆盖一层胶膜并进行热压,使得胶膜与织物层充分压合,得到半成品无纬布;
4)风干固化:将步骤3)中的半成品无纬布进行风干固化得最终的成品无纬布。
进一步地,步骤1)中,经机织工艺织造时,对其增强纤维施加张力控制。
进一步地,所述热熔纤维为丝线状时,在步骤1)中控制热熔纤维的线密度、织造密度来精确控制最终制得的无纬布的含胶量。
进一步地,所述热熔纤维为热熔片时,在步骤1)中通过改变热熔片的面密度、宽度和织造密度来控制最终制得的无纬布的含胶量。
进一步地,步骤1)中制备织物层时,其增强纤维为0°方向,热熔纤维为90°方向,则最终制得的为0°连续无纬布;其中,所述0°方向为无纬布的长度方向,所述90°方向为与无纬布长度方向垂直的方向。
进一步地,步骤1)中制备织物层时,其增强纤维为90°方向,热熔纤维为0°方向,且其0°方向由增强纤维进行锁边,则最终制得的为90°连续无纬布;其中,所述0°方向为无纬布的长度方向,所述90°方向为与无纬布长度方向垂直的方向。
进一步地,上述制备方法中,其步骤1)制备织物层中,同时将增强纤维按0°方向、热熔纤维按90°方向和增强纤维按90°方向、热熔纤维按0°方向进行织造分别制得两层织物层;步骤2)中,将两层织物层分别进行加热,当其中的热熔纤维熔融且充分浸润到增强纤维中时,将两层织物层上下复合在一起;继续上述制备方法的其他步骤,最终制得的是0°和90°正交复合无纬布。
本发明具有的优点和积极效果是:
1、本发明的无纬布,其纤维束梳展均匀、增强纤维之间没有空隙和叠丝现象,且产品性质稳定。
2、本发明的无纬布在制备时,先将增强纤维与热熔纤维通过机织工艺织造为织物层,其中,在热熔纤维的约束下可以控制无纬布增强纤维的排布,进而避免了现有技术中的空隙和叠丝现象,同时还实现了增强纤维垂直于无纬布长度方向排布的制备。
3、本发明的无纬布的面密度可以通过增强纤维的线密度以及织造密度进行调控。
4、本发明采用热熔纤维熔融作为胶黏剂,可以通过控制热熔纤维的线密度、织造密度精确控制无纬布的含胶量。
5、本发明的连续无纬布的制备方法,其整体制备工艺简单,可连续进行生产,且便于控制其产品的稳定性能与控制无纬布内的含胶量。
附图说明
图1是本发明一种连续无纬布的结构示意图;
图2是本发明一种连续无纬布实施例1的制备工艺示意图;
图3是本发明一种连续无纬布实施例2的制备工艺示意图;
图中:1-织物层,2-胶膜层,3-增强纤维,4-热熔纤维,5-熔融复合辊。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作详细说明。
如图1所示,一种连续无纬布,包括织物层1和胶膜层2,所述织物层1由增强纤维3和热熔纤维4经机织工艺织造制成,所述胶膜层2位于所述织物层1的两侧。
其中,所述增强纤维3为高强高模聚乙烯纤维、芳纶纤维、聚对苯撑苯并二噁唑纤维中的任意一种;所述热熔纤维4作为胶黏剂使用,其中,所述热熔纤维4为使用聚酯、聚氨酯、聚酰胺、聚乙烯中的任意一种或多种基材制备而成,且所述热熔纤维4为丝线状或者是热熔片。
实施例1:
0°连续无纬布的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)制备织物层1:将增强纤维3按0°方向、热熔纤维4按90°方向经机织工艺进行织造得到织物层1,在进行织造时对增强纤维3施加张力控制;其中,所述0°方向为无纬布的长度方向,所述90°方向为与无纬布长度方向垂直的方向;
2)将织物层1加热:将步骤1)中制得的织物层1加热加压,其织物层1中的热熔纤维4熔融且充分浸润到增强纤维3中;
3)贴覆胶膜2:将步骤2)得到的织物层1的上下表面使用熔融复合辊5分别覆盖一层胶膜2并进行热压,使得胶膜2与织物层1充分压合,得到半成品无纬布;
4)风干固化:将步骤3)中的半成品无纬布进行风干固化得最终的成品无纬布。
本实施例中使用的热熔纤维4为丝线状时,通过控制热熔纤维4的线密度、织造密度来控制最终制得的无纬布的含胶量;当本实施例中使用的热熔纤维4为热熔片时,通过改变热熔片的面密度、宽度和织造密度来控制最终制得的无纬布的含胶量。
实施例2:
90°连续无纬布的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)制备织物层1:将增强纤维3按90°方向、热熔纤维4按0°方向经机织工艺进行织造得到织物层1,在进行织造时对增强纤维3施加张力控制,其中,所述0°方向为无纬布的长度方向,所述90°方向为与无纬布长度方向垂直的方向;
2)将织物层1加热:将步骤1)中制得的织物层1加热加压,其织物层1中的热熔纤维4熔融且充分浸润到增强纤维3中;
3)贴覆胶膜2:将步骤2)得到的织物层1的上下表面使用熔融复合辊5分别覆盖一层胶膜2并进行热压,使得胶膜2与织物层1充分压合,得到半成品无纬布;
4)风干固化:将步骤3)中的半成品无纬布进行风干固化得最终的成品无纬布。
本实施例中使用的热熔纤维4为丝线状时,通过控制热熔纤维4的线密度、织造密度来控制最终制得的无纬布的含胶量;当本实施例中使用的热熔纤维4为热熔片时,通过改变热熔片的面密度、宽度和织造密度来控制最终制得的无纬布的含胶量。
实施例3:
0°和90°正交复合无纬布的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)制备织物层1:同时将增强纤维3按0°方向、热熔纤维4按90°方向和增强纤维3按90°方向、热熔纤维4按0°方向经机织工艺进行织造分别制得两层织物层1,在进行织造时对增强纤维3施加张力控制,所述0°方向为无纬布的长度方向,所述90°方向为与无纬布长度方向垂直的方向;
2)将织物层1加热:将步骤1)中制得的两层织物层1同时加热加压,直至其织物层1中的热熔纤维4熔融且充分浸润到增强纤维3中,将两层织物层1进行复合得到复合的织物层1;
3)贴覆胶膜2:将步骤2)得到的复合的织物层1的上下表面使用熔融复合辊5分别覆盖一层胶膜2并进行热压,使得胶膜2与织物层1充分压合,得到半成品无纬布;
4)风干固化:将步骤3)中的半成品无纬布进行风干固化得最终的成品无纬布。
本实施例中使用的热熔纤维4为丝线状时,通过控制热熔纤维4的线密度、织造密度来控制最终制得的无纬布的含胶量;当本实施例中使用的热熔纤维4为热熔片时,通过改变热熔片的面密度、宽度和织造密度来控制最终制得的无纬布的含胶量。
以上对本发明的三个实施例进行了详细说明,但所述内容仅为本发明的较佳实施例,不能被认为用于限定本发明的实施范围。凡依本发明申请范围所作的均等变化与改进等,均应仍归属于本发明的专利涵盖范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种连续无纬布,其特征在于:包括织物层(1)和胶膜层(2),所述织物层(1)由增强纤维(3)和热熔纤维(4)经机织工艺织造制成,所述胶膜层(2)位于所述织物层(1)的两侧。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种连续无纬布,其特征在于:所述增强纤维(3)为高强高模聚乙烯纤维、芳纶纤维、聚对苯撑苯并二噁唑纤维中的任意一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种连续无纬布,其特征在于:所述热熔纤维(4)作为胶黏剂使用,其中,所述热熔纤维(4)为使用聚酯、聚氨酯、聚酰胺、聚乙烯中的任意一种或多种基材制备而成,且所述热熔纤维(4)为丝线状或者是热熔片。
4.一种连续无纬布的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
1)制备织物层(1):将增强纤维(3)和热熔纤维(4)经机织工艺织造得到织物层(1);
2)将织物层(1)加热:将步骤1)中制得的织物层(1)加热加压,其织物层(1)中的热熔纤维(4)熔融且充分浸润到增强纤维(3)中;
3)贴覆胶膜(2):将步骤2)得到的织物层(1)的上下表面使用熔融复合辊(5)分别覆盖一层胶膜(2)并进行热压,使得胶膜(2)与织物层(1)充分压合,得到半成品无纬布;
4)风干固化:将步骤3)中的半成品无纬布进行风干固化得最终的成品无纬布。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种连续无纬布的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤1)中,经机织工艺织造时,对其增强纤维(3)施加张力控制。
6.根据权利要求4所述的一种连续无纬布的制备方法,其特征在于:所述热熔纤维(4)为丝线状时,在步骤1)中控制热熔纤维(4)的线密度、织造密度来精确控制最终制得的无纬布的含胶量。
7.根据权利要求4所述的一种连续无纬布的制备方法,其特征在于:所述热熔纤维(4)为热熔片时,在步骤1)中通过改变热熔片的面密度、宽度和织造密度来控制最终制得的无纬布的含胶量。
8.根据权利要求4所述的一种连续无纬布的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤1)中制备织物层(1)时,其增强纤维(3)为0°方向,热熔纤维(4)为90°方向,则最终制得的为0°连续无纬布;其中,所述0°方向为无纬布的长度方向,所述90°方向为与无纬布长度方向垂直的方向。
9.根据权利要求4所述的一种连续无纬布及其制备方法,其特征在于:步骤1)中制备织物层(1)时,其增强纤维(3)为90°方向,热熔纤维(4)为0°方向,且其0°方向由增强纤维(3)进行锁边,则最终制得的为90°连续无纬布;其中,所述0°方向为无纬布的长度方向,所述90°方向为与无纬布长度方向垂直的方向。
10.根据权利要求4所述的一种连续无纬布及其制备方法,其特征在于:上述制备方法中,其步骤1)制备织物层(1)中,同时将增强纤维(3)按0°方向、热熔纤维(4)按90°方向和增强纤维(3)按90°方向、热熔纤维(4)按0°方向进行织造分别制得两层织物层(1);步骤2)中,将两层织物层(1)分别进行加热,当其中的热熔纤维(4)熔融且充分浸润到增强纤维(3)中时,将两层织物层(1)上下复合在一起;继续上述制备方法的其他步骤,最终制得的是0°和90°正交复合无纬布。
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