CN111264750A - Method for reducing cadmium in rice - Google Patents
Method for reducing cadmium in rice Download PDFInfo
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- CN111264750A CN111264750A CN202010206244.0A CN202010206244A CN111264750A CN 111264750 A CN111264750 A CN 111264750A CN 202010206244 A CN202010206244 A CN 202010206244A CN 111264750 A CN111264750 A CN 111264750A
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- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 193
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 193
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 130
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 130
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 192
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 235000019640 taste Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 47
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 3
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000021329 brown rice Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019614 sour taste Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000020985 whole grains Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000186660 Lactobacillus Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000006024 Lactobacillus plantarum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013965 Lactobacillus plantarum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000191996 Pediococcus pentosaceus Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000235342 Saccharomycetes Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008094 contradictory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940039696 lactobacillus Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940072205 lactobacillus plantarum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940100486 rice starch Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
- A23L5/27—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification by chemical treatment, by adsorption or by absorption
- A23L5/276—Treatment with inorganic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Cereal-Derived Products (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for reducing cadmium in rice, which comprises the following steps: adding a rice sample into a sodium chloride solution, and reducing cadmium in the rice sample by constant-temperature soaking to obtain a solid-liquid mixture; and separating solid products in the solid-liquid mixture, washing and drying to obtain the rice product after the cadmium reduction treatment. According to the method, the rice sample is soaked in the sodium chloride solution at a constant temperature, and then is separated, washed and dried, so that the rice product subjected to cadmium reduction treatment can be obtained, the treatment process is simple and easy to operate, the cadmium in the rice can be effectively reduced, the problem that the rice with high cadmium content is poor in reduction effect of a water soaking method is solved, and the problems that chemical substances are remained and the taste of the rice is affected in an acid soaking method are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rice processing, in particular to a method for reducing cadmium in rice.
Background
For rice with excessive cadmium content, the cadmium in the rice needs to be reduced through processing treatment, so that the cadmium content in the rice meets related quality standards, and the rice can be used as an edible rice product. The existing methods for reducing cadmium in rice comprise a mechanical processing method, a soaking method and a fermentation method.
Because cadmium is not uniformly distributed in rice, and the cadmium content in the rice skin layer is higher, the cadmium in the rice skin layer can be obviously reduced by improving the rice precision through rice milling processing. For example, when the rice milling precision of the brown rice with the cadmium content of less than 0.288mg/kg is improved to 23.83% by a rice mill, the cadmium content in the rice can be reduced to the international safety standard. It is also found that the cadmium content of the same rice sample processed to the third grade rice is reduced by 17.8 percent compared with the brown rice. The method has the advantages that the rice milling is the key step required for improving the rice precision, and the rice milling is also the necessary step of rice processing, so the method reduces the cadmium in the rice, is simple and convenient to operate, does not need to add new processing procedures and cost, has certain limitation, and has good effect on the rice with low cadmium content and not ideal effect on the rice with high cadmium content.
Cadmium in the rice can be released through soaking, because the cadmium exists in the rice in various states, such as a combined state, a complex state, a free state and the like, starch and protein in the rice can be partially dissolved out in the soaking process, and the embedded cadmium can be released along with the dissolution. For example, when a rice sample is elutriated and boiled with deionized water, cadmium in the rice sample is reduced, and the cadmium removal rate of the rice sample is better than that of the rice sample elutriated with deionized water by boiling water. Besides soaking in water, acid soaking methods are also adopted, for example, soaking rice flour in acetic acid, nitric acid and the like can enable the rice reduction rate to reach 99% within half an hour under the condition that the pH is lower than 4; for another example, whole rice is soaked in a mixed solution of citric acid and sodium chloride so that the rice loss rate is 85% or more. The method for soaking the rice by using the water is simple to operate, has no chemical residue, can better preserve the shape of the rice, but has limited effect and poor effect on the rice with high cadmium content. Although the cadmium reduction rate of the rice soaked by the acid is good, the sour taste after soaking is difficult to remove, and the taste is influenced by chemical residues.
The fermentation method is to degrade cadmium-embedded protein and fat in rice by using fermentation of microorganisms such as lactobacillus and yeast, or to precipitate cadmium by using metabolites thereof. For example, the rice is fermented by using lactobacillus plantarum and pediococcus pentosaceus, so that the protein and ash content of the rice is reduced in the fermentation process, and the reduction rate of cadmium reaches 85.73%; fermenting the whole-grain rice by using lactic acid bacteria and saccharomycetes, wherein the result shows that the reduction rate of cadmium reaches more than 70%; fermenting the rice under the constant-temperature natural condition, wherein the reduction rate of the rice after 72 hours is 45.22%. Therefore, the fermentation effect is ideal, and specific strains need to be selected. Therefore, the fermentation method has good effect of reducing cadmium in rice and small damage to rice starch, but needs specific strains and takes long time for fermentation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a method for reducing cadmium in rice, and aims to provide a method which is simple and convenient in treatment process, free of chemical substance residues and capable of effectively reducing cadmium in rice.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a method for reducing cadmium in rice, which comprises the following steps:
adding a rice sample into a sodium chloride solution, and reducing cadmium in the rice sample by constant-temperature soaking to obtain a solid-liquid mixture;
and separating solid products in the solid-liquid mixture, washing and drying to obtain the rice product after the cadmium reduction treatment.
Optionally, the method comprises the steps of adding a rice sample into a sodium chloride solution, and reducing cadmium in the rice sample by soaking at a constant temperature to obtain a solid-liquid mixture:
the rice sample is rice grains or rice flour.
Optionally, the method comprises the steps of adding a rice sample into a sodium chloride solution, and reducing cadmium in the rice sample by soaking at a constant temperature to obtain a solid-liquid mixture:
the feed liquid mass ratio of the rice sample to the sodium chloride solution is 1: 4.
Optionally, the method comprises the steps of adding a rice sample into a sodium chloride solution, and reducing cadmium in the rice sample by soaking at a constant temperature to obtain a solid-liquid mixture:
the mass concentration of sodium chloride in the sodium chloride solution is 0.3%.
Optionally, the method comprises the steps of adding a rice sample into a sodium chloride solution, and reducing cadmium in the rice sample by soaking at a constant temperature to obtain a solid-liquid mixture:
the soaking temperature of the constant-temperature soaking is 30 ℃.
Optionally, the method comprises the steps of adding a rice sample into a sodium chloride solution, and reducing cadmium in the rice sample by soaking at a constant temperature to obtain a solid-liquid mixture:
the soaking time of constant-temperature soaking is 48 h.
Optionally, the method comprises the steps of adding a rice sample into a sodium chloride solution, and reducing cadmium in the rice sample by soaking at a constant temperature to obtain a solid-liquid mixture:
the pH value of the mixture of the rice sample and the sodium chloride solution is not lower than 7.0.
Optionally, the step of separating the solid product from the solid-liquid mixture, washing and drying to obtain the rice product after cadmium reduction treatment comprises:
centrifuging the solid-liquid mixture at the rotating speed of 3000-5000 r/min for 4-6 min, removing a supernatant, collecting a solid product, and then washing the solid product with ultrapure water;
and drying the washed solid product to obtain the rice product subjected to cadmium reduction treatment.
Optionally, the step of drying the washed solid product to obtain a rice product with reduced cadmium comprises:
the drying temperature of the drying treatment is 40-45 ℃, and the drying time is 36-48 h.
According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, a rice sample is soaked in a sodium chloride solution at a constant temperature, and then is separated, washed and dried, so that a rice product subjected to cadmium reduction treatment can be obtained, the treatment process is simple and easy to operate, and cadmium in rice can be effectively reduced, so that the problem that the rice with high cadmium content is poor in reduction effect by a water soaking method is solved, and the problems that chemical substances are remained and the taste of the rice is influenced by an acid soaking method are also avoided.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially. In addition, the meaning of "and/or" appearing throughout includes three juxtapositions, exemplified by "A and/or B" including either A or B or both A and B. In addition, technical solutions between various embodiments may be combined with each other, but must be realized by a person skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, such a combination should not be considered to exist, and is not within the protection scope of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Cadmium in the rice can be released through soaking, because the cadmium exists in the rice in various states, such as a combined state, a complex state, a free state and the like, starch and protein in the rice can be partially dissolved out in the soaking process, and the embedded cadmium can be released along with the dissolution. For example, when a rice sample is elutriated and boiled with deionized water, cadmium in the rice sample is reduced, and the cadmium removal rate of the rice sample is better than that of the rice sample elutriated with deionized water by boiling water. Besides soaking in water, acid soaking methods are also adopted, for example, soaking rice flour in acetic acid, nitric acid and the like can enable the rice reduction rate to reach 99% within half an hour under the condition that the pH is lower than 4; for another example, whole rice is soaked in a mixed solution of citric acid and sodium chloride so that the rice loss rate is 85% or more. The method for soaking the rice by using the water is simple to operate, has no chemical residue, can better preserve the shape of the rice, but has limited effect and poor effect on the rice with high cadmium content. Although the cadmium reduction rate of the rice soaked by the acid is good, the sour taste after soaking is difficult to remove, chemical substances are remained, and the taste of the rice is influenced.
In view of the above, the invention provides a method for reducing cadmium in rice, which adopts sodium chloride solution to perform constant-temperature soaking treatment on a rice sample, simplifies the treatment process and avoids the residue of chemical substances on the premise of effectively reducing cadmium in rice. In an embodiment of the method for reducing cadmium in rice provided by the invention, the method for reducing cadmium in rice comprises the following steps:
step S10, adding the rice sample into a sodium chloride solution, and reducing cadmium in the rice sample by constant-temperature soaking to obtain a solid-liquid mixture;
the method provided by the invention can be used for treating whole-grain rice and powdered rice flour, and can effectively reduce cadmium in rice samples. Furthermore, the method provided by the invention can be used for treating rice samples with higher cadmium content and rice samples with lower cadmium content, wherein when the method is used for treating rice flour, the method can be used for treating low-concentration rice flour with lower cadmium concentration, the highest reduction rate of cadmium can reach 83.4%, and the method can also be used for treating high-concentration rice flour with higher cadmium concentration, and the highest reduction rate of cadmium can reach 62.3%; when the method is used for treating the rice grains, the method can treat the low-concentration rice grains with low cadmium concentration, the highest cadmium reduction rate can reach 65.5 percent, and can also treat the high-concentration rice grains with high cadmium concentration, the highest cadmium reduction rate can reach 71.9 percent.
When the rice sample is soaked in the sodium chloride solution, the amount of the sodium chloride solution is too small, the reduction rate of cadmium is poor, unnecessary waste is easily caused due to too much amount of the sodium chloride solution, and the optimal feed liquid mass ratio of the rice sample to the sodium chloride solution is optimized to be 1:4 by comparing the influence of different feed liquid ratios on the reduction rate of cadmium during soaking.
Further, when the rice sample is soaked in the sodium chloride solution at a constant temperature for soaking, it is preferable to detect that the pH value of a mixture of the rice sample and the sodium chloride solution is not lower than 7.0, that is, when the rice sample is soaked in the sodium chloride solution, the detection solution is not acidic, so that generation and residue of other chemical substances in an acidic environment are avoided. In a specific operation, after the rice sample is added into the sodium chloride solution, the pH value of the solution is measured and is not higher than 7.0, the solution is placed in a constant temperature environment for soaking to complete the reduction treatment of cadmium, then the pH value of the solution is measured again and is not higher than 7.0 after the constant temperature soaking is completed, and then the solid-liquid mixture obtained through constant temperature soaking is considered to be a product which is in accordance with the expectation, and no chemical substance is generated or remained. In addition, by comparing the influence of different sodium chloride solution concentrations on the cadmium reduction rate, the optimal mass concentration of sodium chloride in the sodium chloride solution is optimized to be 0.3%.
In the process of constant-temperature soaking, part of starch and protein in the rice sample is dissolved out, so that cadmium embedded in the rice sample is released, and in the embodiment, the soaking temperature of constant-temperature soaking is optimized to be 30 ℃ by comparing the influence of different soaking temperatures on the cadmium reduction rate. Further, the influence of different soaking times on the cadmium reduction rate is compared, and the soaking time of constant-temperature soaking is optimized to be 48 hours. The optimal process conditions for the method for digesting the cadmium in the rice are that the material-liquid ratio is 1:4, the concentration of the sodium chloride solution is 0.3%, the soaking temperature is 30 ℃ and the soaking time is 48 hours.
And step S20, separating solid products in the solid-liquid mixture, washing and drying to obtain the rice product after the cadmium reduction treatment.
The method for separating the solid product from the solid-liquid mixture may be a method for separating solid from liquid, such as filtration and centrifugation, and is preferably a method using centrifugation, which is easier to handle. Specifically, in the present embodiment, step S20 includes:
s21, centrifuging the solid-liquid mixture at a rotating speed of 3000-5000 r/min for 4-6 min, removing a supernatant, collecting a solid product, and then washing the solid product with ultrapure water;
and centrifuging the solid-liquid mixture for 4-6 min at the rotating speed of 3000-5000 r/min, removing supernatant, adding ultrapure water into the remaining solid product, centrifuging for 4-6 min at the rotating speed of 3000-5000 r/min, removing supernatant after centrifuging, and repeating the steps of adding ultrapure water and centrifuging for 3 times to finish washing the solid product.
And step S22, drying the washed solid product to obtain the rice product with reduced cadmium.
After the separation and washing operations are completed, the rice product subjected to cadmium reduction treatment can be obtained by removing residual moisture in the solid product through drying treatment, and in this embodiment, the drying temperature for drying treatment of the solid product is 40-45 ℃ and the drying time is 36-48 hours.
According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, a rice sample is soaked in a sodium chloride solution at a constant temperature, and then is separated, washed and dried, so that a rice product subjected to cadmium reduction treatment can be obtained, the treatment process is simple and easy to operate, and cadmium in rice can be effectively reduced, so that the problem that the rice with high cadmium content is poor in reduction effect by a water soaking method is solved, and the problems that chemical substances are remained and the taste of the rice is influenced by an acid soaking method are also avoided.
The technical solutions of the present invention are further described in detail with reference to the following specific examples, which should be understood as merely illustrative and not limitative.
Example 1
(1) Adding rice and rice flour with cadmium content of 0.197mg/kg into 0.3% sodium chloride solution according to a material-liquid ratio of 1:4, measuring the pH value of the solution to be not less than 7.0, placing the mixture in a constant-temperature shaking table with the temperature set at 30 ℃ for 48h, taking out, measuring the pH value of the solution to be not less than 7.0 again, and obtaining a solid-liquid mixture;
(2) centrifuging the obtained solid-liquid mixture for 5min at the rotating speed of 4000r/min, removing supernatant, adding ultrapure water into the remaining solid product, centrifuging for 5min at the rotating speed of 4000r/min, removing supernatant after centrifugation, repeating the steps of adding ultrapure water and centrifuging for 3 times, and drying the finally obtained solid product at the temperature of 40 ℃ for 48h to obtain the rice grains with reduced cadmium.
Example 2
(1) Adding rice and rice flour with cadmium content of 0.209mg/kg into 0.3% sodium chloride solution according to a material-liquid ratio of 1:4, measuring the pH value of the solution to be not less than 7.0, placing the mixture in a constant-temperature shaking table with the temperature set at 30 ℃ for 48h, taking out, measuring the pH value of the solution to be not less than 7.0 again, and obtaining a solid-liquid mixture;
(2) centrifuging the obtained solid-liquid mixture at the rotating speed of 3000r/min for 6min, removing supernatant, adding ultrapure water into the remaining solid product, centrifuging at the rotating speed of 3000r/min for 6min, removing supernatant after centrifuging, repeating the steps of adding ultrapure water and centrifuging for 3 times, and drying the finally obtained solid product at the temperature of 45 ℃ for 36h to obtain the rice grains with reduced cadmium.
Example 3
(1) Adding rice grains with cadmium content of 0.218mg/kg into 0.3% sodium chloride solution according to a material-liquid ratio of 1:4, measuring the pH value of the solution to be not less than 7.0, placing the mixture in a constant-temperature shaking table with the temperature set at 30 ℃ for 48h, taking out, measuring the pH value of the solution to be not less than 7.0 again, and obtaining a solid-liquid mixture;
(2) centrifuging the obtained solid-liquid mixture at the rotating speed of 6000r/min for 4min, removing supernatant, adding ultrapure water into the remaining solid product, centrifuging at the rotating speed of 6000r/min for 4min, removing supernatant after centrifugation, repeating the steps of adding ultrapure water and centrifuging for 3 times, and drying the finally obtained solid product at the temperature of 42 ℃ for 42h to obtain the rice grains with reduced cadmium.
Example 4
(1) Adding rice grains with cadmium content of 0.234mg/kg into 0.3% sodium chloride solution according to a material-liquid ratio of 1:4, measuring the pH value of the solution to be not less than 7.0, placing the mixture in a constant-temperature shaking table with the temperature set at 30 ℃ for 48h, taking out, measuring the pH value of the solution to be not less than 7.0 again, and obtaining a solid-liquid mixture;
(2) centrifuging the obtained solid-liquid mixture for 5min at the rotating speed of 4000r/min, removing supernatant, adding ultrapure water into the remaining solid product, centrifuging for 5min at the rotating speed of 4000r/min, removing supernatant after centrifugation, repeating the steps of adding ultrapure water and centrifuging for 3 times, and drying the finally obtained solid product at the temperature of 45 ℃ for 45h to obtain the rice grains with reduced cadmium.
Example 5
The procedure was the same as in example 1, except that the rice flour with a cadmium content of 0.197mg/kg was replaced with rice flour with a cadmium content of 3.034 mg/kg.
Example 6
The procedure was the same as in example 1, except that the rice flour with a cadmium content of 0.197mg/kg was replaced with rice kernels with a cadmium content of 3.495 mg/kg.
Comparative example
The procedure was as in example 6, except that the sodium chloride solution having a concentration of 0.3% was replaced with distilled water.
The rice products obtained in the examples after the cadmium reduction treatment were tested for cadmium content, and the reduction rate of cadmium was calculated, with the results shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1 cadmium reduction Rate of cadmium-reduced treated Rice products obtained in examples
| Cadmium reduction Rate (%) | |
| Example 1 | 56.20 |
| Example 2 | 53.56 |
| Example 3 | 51.51 |
| Example 4 | 48.01 |
| Example 5 | 41.45 |
| Example 6 | 42.35 |
| Comparative example | 14.9 |
The results in table 1 show that the effect of reducing cadmium in rice by using a water immersion method is poor for rice with high cadmium content, and rice products obtained by using the method provided by the embodiment of the invention after cadmium reduction treatment can effectively reduce cadmium in rice samples with high and low cadmium content, the treatment process is simple and convenient, the operation is easy, and the problem that the taste of rice is affected by chemical substance residues caused by using an acid immersion method is also avoided.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The method for reducing cadmium in rice is characterized by comprising the following steps:
adding a rice sample into a sodium chloride solution, and reducing cadmium in the rice sample by constant-temperature soaking to obtain a solid-liquid mixture;
and separating solid products in the solid-liquid mixture, washing and drying to obtain the rice product after the cadmium reduction treatment.
2. The method for reducing cadmium in rice according to claim 1, wherein the step of adding the rice sample into a sodium chloride solution to reduce cadmium in the rice sample by soaking at a constant temperature to obtain a solid-liquid mixture comprises:
the rice sample is rice grains or rice flour.
3. The method for reducing cadmium in rice according to claim 1, wherein the step of adding the rice sample into a sodium chloride solution to reduce cadmium in the rice sample by soaking at a constant temperature to obtain a solid-liquid mixture comprises:
the feed liquid mass ratio of the rice sample to the sodium chloride solution is 1: 4.
4. The method for reducing cadmium in rice according to claim 1, wherein the step of adding the rice sample into a sodium chloride solution to reduce cadmium in the rice sample by soaking at a constant temperature to obtain a solid-liquid mixture comprises:
the mass concentration of sodium chloride in the sodium chloride solution is 0.3%.
5. The method for reducing cadmium in rice according to claim 1, wherein the step of adding the rice sample into a sodium chloride solution to reduce cadmium in the rice sample by soaking at a constant temperature to obtain a solid-liquid mixture comprises:
the soaking temperature of the constant-temperature soaking is 30 ℃.
6. The method for reducing cadmium in rice according to claim 1, wherein the step of adding the rice sample into a sodium chloride solution to reduce cadmium in the rice sample by soaking at a constant temperature to obtain a solid-liquid mixture comprises:
the soaking time of constant-temperature soaking is 48 h.
7. The method for reducing cadmium in rice according to claim 1, wherein the step of adding the rice sample into a sodium chloride solution to reduce cadmium in the rice sample by soaking at a constant temperature to obtain a solid-liquid mixture comprises:
the pH value of the mixture of the rice sample and the sodium chloride solution is not lower than 7.0.
8. The method for reducing cadmium in rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of separating solid products from said solid-liquid mixture, washing and drying to obtain a rice product having a cadmium reduction treatment comprises:
centrifuging the solid-liquid mixture at the rotating speed of 3000-5000 r/min for 4-6 min, removing a supernatant, collecting a solid product, and then washing the solid product with ultrapure water;
and drying the washed solid product to obtain the rice product subjected to cadmium reduction treatment.
9. The method for reducing cadmium in rice as claimed in claim 8, wherein said step of drying said washed solid product to obtain a cadmium reduced rice product comprises the steps of:
the drying temperature of the drying treatment is 40-45 ℃, and the drying time is 36-48 h.
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| CN202010206244.0A CN111264750A (en) | 2020-03-20 | 2020-03-20 | Method for reducing cadmium in rice |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010206244.0A CN111264750A (en) | 2020-03-20 | 2020-03-20 | Method for reducing cadmium in rice |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116172156A (en) * | 2023-04-11 | 2023-05-30 | 湖南省粮油产品质量监测中心 | Cooking method for reducing cadmium content of rice |
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Application publication date: 20200612 |