CN105410593A - Cadmium content reduction treatment method aiming at rice with cadmium pollution of different standard exceeding degrees - Google Patents
Cadmium content reduction treatment method aiming at rice with cadmium pollution of different standard exceeding degrees Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cadmium content reduction treatment method aiming at rice with cadmium pollution of different standard exceeding degrees, and relates to the technical field of the safe utilization of polluted food grains. The cadmium content reduction treatment method comprises the following steps of screening the content of cadmium in samples; performing mechanical treatment on the samples: husking and grinding the rice, or directly grinding the rice into polished rice; screening the content of the cadmium in the polished rice; performing extraction with dilute acid: mixing the polished rice of which the content of the cadmium is between 0.2mg/kg and 0.5mg/kg with the dilute acid according to the feed liquid ratio of the polished rice to the dilute acid being 1 to 2 so as to obtain a mixture A, shaking the mixture A, performing extraction for 4 hours, taking out the samples, sufficiently washing the taken samples with deionized water, and airing the washed samples; and performing extraction with the mixture of acid and salt: mixing the polished rice of which the content of the cadmium is more than 0.5mg/kg with a mixed solution of the dilute acid and the salt according to the feed liquid ratio of the polished rice to the mixed solution being 1 to 2 so as to obtain a mixture B, performing extraction for 4 hours, taking out samples, sufficiently washing the taken samples with deionized water, and airing the washed samples. According to the cadmium content reduction treatment method disclosed by the invention, a quick cadmium detection technique for the rice is utilized, and the rice with the cadmium pollution of different standard exceeding degrees is classified and treated according to the scope of the content of the cadmium in the rice, so that the rice with the cadmium pollution is utilized sufficiently and reasonably.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of for difference exceed standard degree cadmium pollution rice Cadmium treated method is fallen, belong to pollute grain security utilize technical field.
Background technology:
Cadmium is very long toxic heavy metal of a kind of half-life, the acute and chronic poisoning of humans and animals can be caused, also there is stronger carcinogenic teratogenesis, therefore, all specify the limit standard of cadmium in varieties of food items, the cadmium limit standard as China's main food paddy and rice is 0.2mg/Kg.Paddy is the main large cereal crops of China, and along with the propelling of industrialization development and urbanization, the situation is tense in the pollution of China's paddy heavy metal pollution particularly cadmium.It is reported, China have an appointment every year 1/10th paddy suffer cadmium pollution, market rice cadmium exceeding standard rate is also more than 10%.
For ensureing numerous people healthy, the cadmium rice that exceeds standard strictly is forbidden flowing into grain ration market.Therefore, a large amount of cadmiums exceed standard rice can only stock leave unused, or do other application.But the current Grain Quantity of China is still more nervous, cadmium the idle of rice that exceed standard does not meet China's fundamental realities of the country, therefore, is necessary to carry out processing process to reduce Cd concentration of brown rice to these cadmiums rice that exceeds standard, is met
countrythe rice of limit standard.Cadmium exceeds standard processing place of rice
reason is mainthere are three kinds of methods: 1) reduce Cd concentration of brown rice by husk rice processing; 2) Cd concentration of brown rice is reduced by the mode of extraction; 3) Cd concentration of brown rice is reduced by the mode of rice intensive processing.Husk rice processing is one basic working procedure of rice processing, research shows, husk rice processing to a certain degree can reduce Cd concentration of brown rice, husk rice degree is higher, it is higher that rice cadmium reduces degree, but this method rice cadmium reduces limitation, generally can only reduce about 10%, therefore not be suitable for cadmium content and to exceed standard the higher rice of degree.The intensive processing of rice is generally take rice as raw material, produce the product such as starch and protein, the product using the method can make to obtain reduces by more than 80% compared to Cd concentration of brown rice, but the product that the method obtains is not grain ration, if all cadmiums exceed standard, rice is all according to said method processed as starch and protein, does not also meet the fundamental realities of the country that China's Grain Quantity is still short.And solvent extraction method can make Cd concentration of brown rice significantly reduce, rice after making lixiviate again still meets the demand in market as grain ration, but adopt same reagent to carry out lixiviate for the exceed standard cadmium pollution rice of degree of difference, expected effect can be can not get, and can the wasting of resources be caused, therefore need to find a set of suitable for difference exceed standard degree cadmium pollution rice Cadmium treated method is fallen.
Summary of the invention:
For the problems referred to above, the technical problem to be solved in the present invention be to provide a set of suitable for difference exceed standard degree cadmium pollution rice Cadmium treated method is fallen.
Of the present inventionly comprise following steps for the exceed standard Cadmium treated method of falling of cadmium pollution rice of degree of difference:
1, sample cadmium content examination: utilize method for quick to measure the content of cadmium in rice sample; According to cadmium content measurement result, sample is divided into 2 classes: namely cadmium content is less than or equal to 0.2mg/kg or cadmium content is greater than 0.2mg/kg; The sample that wherein cadmium content is less than or equal to 0.2mg/kg does not need to do subsequent treatment;
2, the mechanical treatment of sample: sample cadmium content being greater than 0.2mg/Kg carries out rice huller paddy, husk rice (or being directly ground into polished rice), obtains rice and the rice of suitable accuracy;
3, polished rice cadmium content examination: utilize method for quick to measure the content of cadmium in polished rice sample; According to cadmium content measurement result, polished rice sample is divided into 3 classes: namely cadmium content is less than or equal to 0.2mg/kg, cadmium content is between 0.2mg/kg-0.5mg/kg, and cadmium content is greater than 0.5mg/kg; The polished rice sample that wherein cadmium content is less than or equal to 0.2mg/kg does not need to do subsequent treatment;
4, diluted acid lixiviate: mixed with the ratio of dilute acid soln in solid-liquid ratio 1:2 by the polished rice of cadmium content between 0.2mg/kg-0.5mg/kg, jolt, lixiviate 4h, takes out sample, and fully wash by the deionized water of about 40mL, repeated washing 3 to 4 times, dries;
5, diluted acid and salt mixing lixiviate: polished rice cadmium content being greater than 0.5mg/kg mixes in the ratio of solid-liquid ratio 1:2 with the mixed solution of diluted acid and salt, jolts, lixiviate 4h, take out sample, fully wash by the deionized water of about 40mL, repeated washing 3 to 4 times, dries.
As preferably, in described step (1), cadmium content examination utilizes cadmium content in method for quick working sample, is classified by sample according to cadmium content, and classification is taked different to fall Cadmium treated method per sample.
As preferably, in described step (1), cadmium content examination method for quick can be any methods realizing Cd concentration of brown rice and detect fast such as x ray fluorescence spectrometry, anodic stripping voltammetry, the quick test strips method of nm of gold.
As preferably, in described step (1), the detected state of rice sample can be paddy, brown rice, polished rice, ground rice.
As preferably, the diluted acid in described step (4) is the food grade acids such as acetic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid, malic acid.
As preferably, the salt in described step (5) is the edible haloid such as sodium chloride, potassium chloride.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: detection method is simple and quick, operation more for convenience, utilizes the cadmium Fast Detection Technique of rice, according to the content range of rice cadmium, the exceed standard cadmium pollution rice of degree of difference is carried out to classification and processes, abundant Appropriate application cadmium pollution rice.
Accompanying drawing illustrates:
For ease of illustrating, the present invention by following instantiation and
accompanying drawingbe described in detail.
fig. 1for result of flow of the present invention is illustrated
figure;
fig. 2for the impact analysis form of cadmium rate to fall in acetate concentration in the embodiment of the present invention 4 to polished rice;
fig. 3for in the embodiment of the present invention 5, the impact analysis form of cadmium rate falls in extraction time Dichlorodiphenyl Acetate lixiviate polished rice;
fig. 4for in the embodiment of the present invention 6, the impact analysis form of cadmium rate falls in leaching liquor volume Dichlorodiphenyl Acetate lixiviate polished rice.
Detailed description of the invention:
Reference
fig. 1, in this detailed description of the invention, the method for rice cadmium pollution process comprises following steps:
1, sample cadmium content examination: utilize method for quick to measure the content of cadmium in rice sample; According to cadmium content measurement result, sample is divided into 2 classes: namely cadmium content is less than or equal to 0.2mg/kg or cadmium content is greater than 0.2mg/kg; The sample that wherein cadmium content is less than or equal to 0.2mg/kg does not need to do subsequent treatment;
2, the mechanical treatment of sample: sample cadmium concentration being greater than 0.2mg/kg carries out rice huller paddy, husk rice (or being directly ground into polished rice), obtains rice and the rice of suitable accuracy;
3, polished rice cadmium content examination: utilize method for quick to measure the content of cadmium in polished rice sample; According to cadmium content measurement result, polished rice sample is divided into 3 classes: namely cadmium content is less than or equal to 0.2mg/kg, cadmium content is between 0.2mg/kg-0.5mg/kg, and cadmium content is greater than 0.5mg/kg; The polished rice sample that wherein cadmium content is less than or equal to 0.2mg/kg does not need to do subsequent treatment;
4, diluted acid lixiviate: mixed with the ratio of dilute acid soln in solid-liquid ratio 1:2 by the polished rice of cadmium content between 0.2mg/kg-0.5mg/kg, jolt, lixiviate 4h, takes out sample, and fully wash by the deionized water of about 40mL, repeated washing 3 to 4 times, dries;
5, diluted acid and salt mixing lixiviate: polished rice cadmium content being greater than 0.5mg/kg mixes in the ratio of solid-liquid ratio 1:2 with the mixed solution of diluted acid and salt, jolts, lixiviate 4h, take out sample, fully wash by the deionized water of about 40mL, repeated washing 3 to 4 times, dries.
As preferably, in described step 1, cadmium content examination utilizes cadmium content in method for quick working sample, is classified by sample according to cadmium content, and classification is taked different to fall Cadmium treated method per sample.
As preferably, in described step 1, cadmium content examination method for quick can be any methods realizing Cd concentration of brown rice and detect fast such as x ray fluorescence spectrometry, anodic stripping voltammetry, the quick test strips method of nm of gold.
As preferably, in described step 1, the detected state of rice sample can be paddy, brown rice, polished rice, ground rice.
As preferably, the diluted acid in described step 4 is the food grade acids such as acetic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid, malic acid.
As preferably, the salt in described step 5 is the edible haloid such as sodium chloride, potassium chloride.
More than show and describe general principle of the present invention and principal character and advantage of the present invention.The technical staff of the industry should understand; the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; what describe in above-described embodiment and description just illustrates principle of the present invention; without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; the present invention also has various changes and modifications, and these changes and improvements all fall in the claimed scope of the invention.Application claims protection domain is defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof.
Embodiment 1: this embodiment describes the method using x ray fluorescence spectrometry Fast Measurement paddy cadmium content, concrete grammar is: sample loads specimen cup by instrument description, and is placed in the sample cell of Xray fluorescence spectrometer; Instrument is built, corresponding sample is set by instrument description and measurement parameter is measured, test terminates the cadmium content value of the direct show sample of rear instrument, and sample is divided into 2 classes according to the content of cadmium: the content that namely content of cadmium is less than or equal to 0.2mg/kg or cadmium is greater than 0.2mg/kg.
Embodiment 2: this embodiment describes the method that mechanical processing method reduces Cd concentration of brown rice, concrete method is: paddy husking is first become brown rice with large-scale hulling machine by rice sample cadmium content being greater than 0.2mg/kg, then brown rice is processed into the rice (or being directly ground into the rice of suitable accuracy) of suitable accuracy with large-scale rice mill.Method for quick is utilized to measure the cadmium content of polished rice.According to cadmium content, polished rice is divided into 3 classes: namely cadmium content is less than or equal to 0.2mg/kg, cadmium content is between 0.2mg/kg-0.5mg/kg, and cadmium content is greater than 0.5mg/kg.
Embodiment 3: this embodiment describes acetic acid extraction and the cadmium in polished rice is cut down.Concrete grammar is: 1, sample lixiviate: take the polished rice sample of 10g cadmium content between 0.2mg/kg-0.5mg/kg, add 10% acetum 20mL, in rocked at room temperature 4h; 2, sample post processing: after lixiviate terminates, takes out sample, each abundant washing sample of deionized water with about 40mL, and repeated washing 3 to 4 times, dries sample (naturally dry or dry), also can directly boiling eat; 3, the mensuration of cadmium rate falls in sample, and the polished rice sample after lixiviate dries the rear method for quick that directly utilizes and carries out cadmium content mensuration, calculates and falls cadmium rate.
Wherein, fall cadmium rate to be defined as
c
beforerepresent the cadmium content of rice before lixiviate,
C
afterrepresent the cadmium content of rice after lixiviate.As calculated, under this condition, the cadmium rate of falling of rice is 64.4%.
Embodiment 4: the present embodiment mainly describes cadmium rate falls in acetate concentration impact on rice, concrete grammar is: 1, sample lixiviate: take the polished rice sample 10g of cadmium content between 0.2mg/kg-0.5mg/kg, add the acetum 20mL of variable concentrations, in rocked at room temperature 4h, acetate concentration is respectively 5 different gradients such as 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 1% and 10%; 2, sample post processing: after lixiviate terminates, takes out sample, each abundant washing sample of deionized water with about 40mL, and repeated washing 3 to 4 times, dries sample; 3, the mensuration of cadmium rate falls in sample, utilizes method for quick to carry out cadmium content mensuration after the polished rice sample after lixiviate dries, and calculating is fallen cadmium rate and (be the results are shown in
fig. 2middle form).Pass through
fig. 2tabular analysis draws: acetate concentration is higher, and it is higher to fall cadmium rate.
Embodiment 5: the present embodiment mainly describes the impact that cadmium rate falls in extraction time Dichlorodiphenyl Acetate lixiviate polished rice, concrete grammar is: 1, sample lixiviate: take the polished rice sample of 10g cadmium content between 0.2mg/kg-0.5mg/kg, add the acetum 20mL of 10%, in rocked at room temperature different time, the time is respectively 0.5h, 1h, 2h, 4h and 6h5 different gradient.2, sample post processing: after lixiviate terminates, takes out sample, and each abundant washing sample of deionized water with about 40mL, repeated washing 3 to 4 times, dries sample.3, the mensuration of cadmium rate falls in sample.Utilize method for quick to carry out cadmium content mensuration after polished rice sample after lixiviate dries, calculating is fallen cadmium rate and (be the results are shown in
fig. 3form).Pass through
fig. 3tabular analysis draws: the time is longer, and it is higher to fall cadmium rate, after extraction time reaches 4h, falls cadmium rate and reaches the highest, after this, along with the prolongation of time, fall cadmium rate and substantially remain unchanged.
Embodiment 6: the present embodiment mainly describes the impact that cadmium rate falls in leaching liquor volume Dichlorodiphenyl Acetate lixiviate polished rice; 1, sample lixiviate: take the polished rice sample of 10g cadmium content between 0.2mg/kg-0.5mg/kg, add the acetum of different volumes 10%, in rocked at room temperature 2h, immersion liquid is long-pending is respectively 20mL, 30mL and 40mL3 different gradient.2, sample post processing: after lixiviate terminates, takes out sample, and each abundant washing sample of deionized water with about 40mL, repeated washing 3 to 4 times, dries sample.3, the mensuration of cadmium rate falls in sample.Utilize method for quick to carry out cadmium content mensuration after polished rice sample after lixiviate dries, calculating is fallen cadmium rate and (be the results are shown in
fig. 4form).Pass through
fig. 4tabular analysis draws: leaching liquor volume is little on falling the impact of cadmium rate.
Embodiment 7: the present embodiment mainly describes the process of diluted acid and salt mixing lixiviate reduction polished rice cadmium content.Concrete grammar is: 1, sample lixiviate: take the polished rice sample that 10g cadmium content is greater than 0.5mg/kg, adds the mixed solution 20mL containing 10%HAc and 0.1mol/L sodium chloride, in rocked at room temperature 4h.2, sample post processing: after lixiviate terminates, takes out sample, and each abundant washing sample of deionized water with about 40mL, repeated washing 3 to 4 times, dries sample.3, the mensuration of cadmium rate falls in sample.Utilize method for quick to carry out cadmium content mensuration after polished rice sample after lixiviate dries, calculate and fall cadmium rate, result draws, the cadmium rate of falling under this condition is 81.3%.
Claims (6)
1. for difference exceed standard degree cadmium pollution rice a Cadmium treated method is fallen, it is characterized in that: its processing method comprises following steps:
(1), sample cadmium content examination: utilize method for quick to measure cadmium content in rice sample; According to cadmium content measurement result, sample is divided into 2 classes: namely cadmium content is less than or equal to 0.2mg/kg or cadmium content is greater than 0.2mg/kg; The sample that wherein cadmium content is less than or equal to 0.2mg/kg does not need to do subsequent treatment;
(2), the mechanical treatment of sample: sample cadmium content being greater than 0.2mg/kg carries out rice huller paddy, husk rice, obtains rice and the rice of suitable accuracy;
(3), polished rice cadmium content examination: utilize method for quick to measure cadmium content in polished rice sample; According to cadmium content measurement result, polished rice sample is divided into 3 classes: namely cadmium content is less than or equal to 0.2mg/kg, cadmium content is between 0.2mg/kg-0.5mg/kg, and cadmium content is greater than 0.5mg/kg; The polished rice sample that wherein cadmium content is less than or equal to 0.2mg/kg does not need to do subsequent treatment;
(4), diluted acid lixiviate: the polished rice of cadmium content between 0.2mg/kg-0.5mg/kg is mixed with the ratio of dilute acid soln in solid-liquid ratio 1:2, jolts, lixiviate 4h, take out sample, fully wash by the deionized water of about 40mL, repeated washing 3 to 4 times, dries;
(5), diluted acid and salt mixing lixiviate: polished rice cadmium content being greater than 0.5mg/kg mixes in the ratio of solid-liquid ratio 1:2 with the mixed solution of salt with diluted acid, jolts, lixiviate 4h, take out sample, fully wash by the deionized water of about 40mL, repeated washing 3 to 4 times, dries.
2. according to according to claim 1 a kind of for difference exceed standard degree cadmium pollution rice Cadmium treated method is fallen, it is characterized in that: in described step (1), cadmium content examination utilizes cadmium content in method for quick working sample, according to cadmium content, sample is classified, and classification is taked different to fall Cadmium treated method per sample.
3. according to according to claim 1 a kind of for difference exceed standard degree cadmium pollution rice Cadmium treated method is fallen, it is characterized in that: cadmium content examination method for quick can be any methods realizing Cd concentration of brown rice and detect fast such as x ray fluorescence spectrometry, anodic stripping voltammetry, the quick test strips method of nm of gold in described step (1).
4. according to according to claim 1 a kind of for difference exceed standard degree cadmium pollution rice Cadmium treated method is fallen, it is characterized in that: the detected state of rice sample can be paddy, brown rice, polished rice, ground rice in described step (1).
5. according to according to claim 1 a kind of for difference exceed standard degree cadmium pollution rice Cadmium treated method is fallen, it is characterized in that: the diluted acid in described step (4) is the food grade acids such as acetic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid, malic acid.
6. according to according to claim 1 a kind of for difference exceed standard degree cadmium pollution rice Cadmium treated method is fallen, it is characterized in that: the salt in described step (5) is the edible haloid such as sodium chloride, potassium chloride.
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Application publication date: 20160323 |