CN111257210A - Device for mechanically accelerating aging of high polymer material and capturing aging product - Google Patents
Device for mechanically accelerating aging of high polymer material and capturing aging product Download PDFInfo
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- CN111257210A CN111257210A CN202010077025.7A CN202010077025A CN111257210A CN 111257210 A CN111257210 A CN 111257210A CN 202010077025 A CN202010077025 A CN 202010077025A CN 111257210 A CN111257210 A CN 111257210A
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N17/00—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light
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- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
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- Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
Abstract
The invention discloses a device for mechanically accelerating the aging of a high molecular material and capturing an aging product, which can continuously prepare high molecular material powder so as to truly simulate the aging and decomposition processes of the high molecular material powder in a natural environment; and can collect the aged particles of the polymer material, the volatile aged components of the polymer material and the water-soluble aged components of the polymer material. The method comprises the following steps: a transparent closed space capable of allowing the light source to penetrate therethrough; the friction mechanism is arranged in the transparent closed space and is used for preparing high polymer material powder; the glass collecting water tank is arranged in the transparent closed space and filled with water and is used for collecting high polymer material powder prepared by the friction mechanism, collecting high polymer material aging particles and collecting high polymer material water-soluble aging components; and the airflow circulating unit is used for forming airflow closed circulation between the transparent closed space and the air pump, and is internally provided with a gas adsorption tube for collecting volatile aging components of the high polymer material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device for aging and capturing an aging product, in particular to a device for mechanically accelerating aging of a high polymer material and capturing an aging product.
Background
The high molecular materials are various in variety and large in quantity, and can generate complex and various chemical substances through aging and degradation processes, and the products can influence the environment when entering ecological circulation, particularly the micro-plastics exist in the aspects of lakes, seas, mountains and rivers and our lives.
The polymer material is difficult to completely degrade, white pollution can be caused by improper treatment, and complex physical change and chemical reaction can also occur in the environment. Under the action of mechanical acting force, sunlight irradiation, abrasion and the like, through long-time exposure and accumulation, macromolecules are decomposed into fragments with small sizes, namely 'micro plastic'; meanwhile, the matrix polymer chain segment in the material can be broken under the action of light, oxygen and the like to generate small molecular chemical substances, and the added organic small molecular additive can also be subjected to reactions such as oxidation, decomposition and the like.
Micro plastic (generally, fibers, fragments or particles with the diameter or the length of less than 5 mm) generated by decomposition or shedding of high molecular materials due to physical changes exists in all aspects of our lives, and the body shadow of the micro plastic is found in German beer, French honey, Chinese salt and bottled drinking water in the global range, is widely distributed in the atmosphere, soil and water body, and invades Antarctic sea area and North icebound ocean. Because of the special properties of larger specific surface area, capability of adsorbing more pollutants, easier entering into organisms and the like, the harm to the water body environment is much larger than that of bulk plastics. However, data such as concentration, variety, distribution and the like of the micro-plastics in water in China are very lacking, relevant basic research is few, monitoring, management and control of the micro-plastics are not facilitated, and at present, no normative detection technology and relevant management measures exist.
The products of chemical reaction of the polymer materials are mostly organic micromolecules such as alcohols, aldehydes, acids, esters, ketones, phenols and the like. After the organic pollutants related to the macromolecules with complex types and large quantities enter the environment, the influence on the environment is not clear, and a research report is provided. Therefore, the identification and traceability research of the organic pollutants related to the macromolecules is the basis for the environmental safety evaluation and the related toxicological research and can guide the direction for the future environmental monitoring.
However, the influence on the environment and the related basic research are still insufficient at present. Aiming at the identification and traceability research of the high-molecular related organic pollutants, the content of the types of the high-molecular related pollutants is analyzed, and effective samples must be collected in the natural environment when the component traceability is carried out. However, the difficulty of collecting samples is very high, for example, in the case of a water sample collected from a water body, it is difficult to obtain an effective sample when separating and enriching substances therein, the efficiency is low, the cost is high, and the representativeness and diversity of the enriched sample are limited, so that detailed information of complex physical changes and chemical reactions occurring in the environment cannot be obtained, and the development of targeted research is not facilitated. The common research method is to utilize an aging test chamber to simulate the aging degradation, the use process and the exposure environment of the high polymer material, so as to accelerate the aging and the decomposition of the high polymer material.
The defects of the current research are as follows:
from the experimental research point of view, the aging and decomposition of the polymer material particles in the aging test chamber are more similar to the aging and decomposition of the polymer material in the natural environment. The preparation of the high polymer material powder generally adopts a ball milling method, the ball mills used at present can be divided into two types of ordinary ball mills and high-energy ball mills, and the high polymer material powder is prepared by using the high-energy ball mills generally. The conventional high-energy ball mill is classified into a stirring type, a planetary type and a vibration type. For any high energy ball mill, the degree of particle refinement depends primarily on the collision energy achieved by the balls and material. The higher the collision energy, the greater the probability that the material particles will break under the impact of the grinding balls, and the more finely the material particles will be. The high-energy ball mill can rotate or vibrate when working, and the hard balls can strongly impact the raw materials, and also needs larger power, and the factors can not ensure that the equipment adopting the working principle can not be applied to an aging box. Even if the high molecular material powder is prepared by using a high-energy ball mill outside and then the high molecular material particles are aged and decomposed in an aging test box, detailed dynamic information of complex physical changes and chemical reactions of the aging degradation, the use process and the exposure environment of the high molecular material cannot be obtained, and the aging and decomposition process of the high molecular material powder in the natural environment cannot be truly simulated; and the problems that the aged particles of the high polymer material, the volatile aged products of the high polymer material, the water-soluble aged products of the high polymer material and the like are difficult to collect exist.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a device for mechanically accelerating the aging of a polymer material and capturing an aging product, which can continuously prepare polymer material powder by using an external force, and is beneficial to dynamically researching the degradation and fracture mechanism of a polymer chain segment, so that the aging and decomposition processes of the polymer material powder in a natural environment can be truly simulated; and can collect the aged particles of the high polymer material, the volatile aged product of the high polymer material and the water-soluble aged product of the high polymer material.
The device for mechanically accelerating the aging of the high polymer material and capturing the aging product comprises:
a transparent closed space which can be penetrated by a light source and is used for aging and decomposing the high polymer material;
the friction mechanism is arranged in the transparent closed space and is used for grinding a high polymer material sample to prepare high polymer material powder;
the glass collecting water tank is arranged in the transparent closed space and filled with water and is used for collecting the high polymer material powder prepared by the friction mechanism, collecting high polymer material aging particles and collecting high polymer material water-soluble aging products;
the air circulation unit is used for forming air closed circulation between the transparent closed space and the air pump, and a gas adsorption tube used for collecting a high polymer material volatile aging product is arranged in the air circulation unit;
in addition, a driving unit for providing driving force for the friction mechanism is also included.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the friction mechanism includes: the grinding wheel, the material guide sleeve and the constant pressure mechanism are arranged on the grinding wheel; the power output end connected to the driving unit is positioned above the glass collecting water tank in the transparent closed space, and the driving unit drives the grinding wheel to rotate;
one end of the material guide sleeve extends into the transparent closed space and is positioned right above the grinding wheel; a polymer material sample is placed in the material guide sleeve; the constant pressure mechanism extends into the material guide sleeve and provides constant pressure for the high polymer material sample in the material guide sleeve, so that the high polymer material sample is in constant pressure contact with the grinding wheel; and when the grinding wheel rotates, grinding the high polymer material sample to prepare high polymer material powder.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the constant pressure mechanism includes: a push rod and a weight; one end of the push rod extends into the material guide sleeve to be contacted with the high polymer material sample, and the other end of the push rod extends out of the material guide sleeve; one end of the push rod, which extends out of the material guide sleeve, is provided with a tray for placing weights.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the driving unit is: and an output shaft of the speed reducer extends into the transparent closed space and is connected with the grinding wheel, and the power of the motor is transmitted to the grinding wheel.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: in the airflow circulation unit, an air outlet and an air inlet of the air pump are respectively communicated with one end of an air inlet pipe and one end of an air adsorption pipe through hoses; the other ends of the air inlet pipe and the air adsorption pipe extend into the transparent closed space, so that air flow closed circulation is formed between the transparent closed space and the air pump.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: a particle collecting cover is also arranged in the transparent closed space; the particle collecting cover forms a semi-surrounding shape from top to bottom for the grinding wheel and is used for guiding the prepared high polymer material powder to fall into a glass collecting water tank filled with water along the vertical direction.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the air pump is characterized by further comprising a controller used for controlling the opening and closing of the motor and the air pump and controlling the rotating speed of the motor.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the travel switch is electrically connected with the controller;
when the lower surface of the push rod tray contacts the travel switch, the travel switch sends a position signal to the controller, and the controller controls the motor and the air pump to be closed.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the pressure provided by the constant pressure mechanism is changed by adjusting the weight of the weight so as to change the particle size of the prepared high polymer material powder.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the device is placed in an aging test chamber, and the light source of the aging test chamber is utilized to age and decompose the high polymer material;
a solar cell panel used for supplying power to electronic components in the device is arranged in the aging test box, and the solar cell panel absorbs light energy in the aging test box to generate electricity.
Has the advantages that:
(1) the device enables the high polymer material to form fragments with small size by the external force provided by the mechanical friction mechanism, and the speed of the fragments formed by the high polymer material in a natural state is much higher than that of the fragments formed by the high polymer material in the natural state, so that the research is convenient; the method can continuously prepare the high molecular material powder with the continuous distribution of micron-sized to millimeter-sized particle diameters, and is beneficial to dynamically researching the degradation and fracture mechanism of a high molecular chain segment, so that the aging and decomposition processes of the high molecular material powder in a natural environment are truly simulated.
(2) The device is ageing and decomposing the in-process to macromolecular material, and the basin of placing in the airtight space can collect the macromolecular material powder that mechanical friction mechanism continuously prepared, collects the water-soluble ageing product of macromolecular material ageing and each stage of decomposition simultaneously, is favorable to the degradation and the fracture mechanism of dynamic research polymer chain section, confirms characteristic pollutant, establishes the relation between polymer kind and the characteristic pollutant.
(3) In the process of aging and decomposing the high polymer material, the air pump and the closed space for aging and decomposing the high polymer material establish airflow closed circulation by utilizing the air inlet and exhaust channels, and the gas adsorption column on the exhaust channel can collect volatile aging products of various stages of aging and decomposing the high polymer material, so that the dynamic research of degradation and fracture mechanisms of high polymer chain segments is facilitated, characteristic pollutants are determined, and the relation between high polymer types and the characteristic pollutants is established.
(4) The mechanical friction mechanism is a constant-pressure friction mechanism, the grinding tangential force of the grinding wheel continuously changes in the circumferential direction of the friction contact surface, and the particle size of sample powder particles obtained in the grinding process also continuously changes. And aiming at different polymer material samples, the friction pressure can be conveniently changed by adjusting the weight of the weight, and the ideal particle size of the sample powder particles is obtained. In addition, the purpose of changing the rotating speed of the grinding wheel can be achieved by replacing a speed reducer matched with the motor, and the grinding force is changed to obtain the ideal particle size of the sample powder particles.
(5) The device is a microminiature test device, can be placed in a conventional aging test chamber, and is used for aging and decomposing high polymer materials through a transparent closed space which can be penetrated by a light source of the aging test chamber; the device is low in power, the solar cell panel can be used for absorbing the light source in the aging test box to supply power to the test device, and the aging test box does not need to be changed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the general construction of the device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a left side view of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of powder preparation principle;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a full contact friction condition;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a full contact static analysis at rest;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of force analysis at any point of the frictional contact surface;
FIG. 7 is a detailed view of the collection sump and particulate matter collection cover for collecting polymer powder and aged particles;
FIGS. 8 and 9 are schematic diagrams of the collection of the volatile aging products of the polymer material;
fig. 10 is a schematic layout of the device in a burn-in box.
Wherein: 1-a glass collecting water tank, 3-a reducer output shaft, 4-a particle collecting cover I, 5-a glass cover body, 6-a material guide sleeve I, 7-a material guide sleeve II, 8-an air inlet pipe base, 9-an air inlet pipe, 10-a push rod, 11-a weight, 12-an air adsorption pipe, 13-an air pump, 14-a motor and 15-a groove type connecting piece, 16-a controller, 17-a bottom plate, 18-a gas adsorption tube base, 19-a travel switch, 20-a screw A, 21-a screw B, 22-a groove-shaped bracket, 23-a screw C, 24-a screw D, 25-a particulate matter collecting cover II, 26-a grinding wheel, 27-a high polymer material sample, 28-a solar panel and 29-an aging test box.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides a device for mechanically accelerating aging of a high polymer material and capturing an aging product, which is provided with a transparent closed cavity capable of enabling a light source to penetrate through and used for aging and decomposing the high polymer material; the interior of the device is provided with a mechanical friction mechanism for preparing high polymer material powder; a water tank for collecting the powder of the high polymer material prepared by the mechanical friction mechanism and the aged particles thereof; an airflow closed cycle is arranged between the closed space and the air pump, and a gas adsorption column is arranged in the airflow closed cycle and is used for collecting volatile aging products of the high polymer material; the controller can adjust the operation mode of the mechanical friction mechanism according to different high polymer materials, and simulate the aging degradation, the use process and the exposure environment of the high polymer materials.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the apparatus includes: the device comprises a bottom plate 17, a closed cavity arranged on the bottom plate 17, a powder preparation and collection unit, an airflow circulation unit, a driving unit and a control unit.
The sealed cavity is formed by a groove-shaped bracket 22 and a glass cover body 5 covering the groove-shaped bracket 22, the groove-shaped bracket 22 and the glass cover body 5 are both of groove-shaped structures, and the groove-shaped bracket 22 and the glass cover body 5 are in butt joint to form a transparent sealed cavity which can enable a light source to penetrate through; the closed cavity is used for aging and decomposing the high polymer material; the powder preparation and collection unit is positioned in the closed cavity, and is used for preparing and collecting the powder of the high polymer material in the closed cavity.
The powder preparation and collection unit comprises a mechanical friction mechanism for preparing high polymer material powder and a glass collection water tank 1 for collecting the prepared high polymer material powder and aged particles thereof; the mechanical friction mechanism includes: grinding wheel 26, material guide sleeve, push rod 10 and weight 11.
The air circulation unit includes: an air pump 13, an air inlet pipe 9 and a gas adsorption pipe 12;
the drive unit is a motor 14 equipped with a reducer;
the control unit comprises a controller 16 and a travel switch 19.
The whole connection relationship is as follows: the motor 14 is fixedly arranged on the bottom plate 17 through a groove-shaped connecting piece 15 and a screw B21, namely the groove-shaped connecting piece 15 is covered outside a speed reducer part of the motor 14, and the groove-shaped connecting piece 15 is fixedly connected with the bottom plate 17 through a screw B21; the groove-shaped connecting piece 15 is used for providing a mounting position of the air pump 13, so that the whole structure is compact. The channel bracket 22 is positioned vertically (i.e., its channel bottom is vertical and two opposing surfaces are horizontal) so that its channel bottom is opposite the end where the motor 14 is located. The groove-shaped support 22 is provided with a sealing installation groove of the glass cover body 5 at the bottom in the groove, as shown in fig. 7, the glass cover body 5 is vertically inserted into the sealing installation groove at the bottom in the groove of the groove-shaped support 22 from top to bottom, covers the outside of the groove-shaped support 22, closes three open ends of the groove-shaped support 22, and is tightly attached to the top surface of the groove-shaped support 22 through the upper part of an inward flanging, so that a transparent closed cavity is formed.
The groove bottom surface of the groove-shaped bracket 22 is fixed on the end surface of the reducer end of the motor 14 through a screw 20A, and the reducer output shaft 3 penetrates through a through hole in the groove bottom surface of the groove-shaped bracket 22 and rises into the closed cavity. The reducer output shaft 3 has a D-shaped output end, and the D-shaped output end is connected with a D-shaped shaft hole of the grinding wheel 26 inside the closed cavity, so that the power of the motor 14 is transmitted to the grinding wheel 26 to drive the grinding wheel 26 to rotate.
The glass collecting water tank 1 is placed in the closed cavity, is arranged on the bottom surface of the tank-shaped support 22 and is positioned below the grinding wheel 26, and is used for collecting powder and aged particles of the high polymer material prepared by the mechanical friction mechanism and collecting water-soluble aged products of the high polymer material.
The first particle collection cover 4 and the second particle collection cover 25 which are positioned in the closed cavity are fixedly installed at the top of the groove-shaped support 22 through screws respectively, the first particle collection cover 4 and the second particle collection cover 25 form a half-surrounding shape from top to bottom for the grinding wheel 26, as shown in fig. 7, the first particle collection cover 4 and the second particle collection cover 25 are butted to form a cover body with a semicircular cross section, and the cover body is installed outside the contact part of the grinding wheel 26 and the high polymer material sample 27.
The upper surface of the groove-shaped bracket 22 is provided with four mounting holes which are respectively used for mounting the material guide sleeve, the gas adsorption tube 12, the gas inlet tube 9 and the travel switch 19; wherein the mounting hole that the upper surface central point put is used for the installation material uide bushing, for convenient processing, improves the machining precision of part, and the material uide bushing is including the material uide bushing 6 and the material uide bushing two 7 of coaxial butt joint, as shown in fig. 3, material uide bushing 6 and material uide bushing two 7 are the tubular structure that one end was provided with the shaft shoulder, and its mounting means is: and the shaft shoulder of the first material guide sleeve 6 is butted with the shaft shoulder of the second material guide sleeve 7 and then fixed on the upper surface of the groove-shaped bracket 22 through a screw D24, wherein the other end of the second material guide sleeve 7 extends upwards, and the other end of the first material guide sleeve 6 extends downwards, extends through the mounting hole, extends into the closed cavity and is positioned right above the grinding wheel 26. One end of the gas adsorption tube 12 extends into the closed cavity through a corresponding mounting hole and is fixed on the upper surface of the groove-shaped bracket 22 through a gas adsorption tube base 18, and the gas adsorption tube 12 is used for collecting volatile aging products of the high polymer material; one end of the air inlet pipe 9 extends into the closed cavity through a mounting hole corresponding to the air inlet pipe and is fixed on the upper surface of the groove-shaped bracket 22 through an air inlet pipe base 8; the travel switch 19 is fixed in a corresponding mounting hole on the upper surface of the groove-shaped bracket 22, and the contact of the travel switch 19 faces upwards.
When the device works, the cylindrical high polymer material sample 27 is placed in the material guide sleeve, the bottom of the push rod 10 extends into the material guide sleeve to be contacted with the high polymer material sample 27, and the top of the push rod extends out of the material guide sleeve; the top of the push rod 10 is provided with a disk for placing the weight 11, the push rod 10 is pushed to move downwards by the gravity of the weight 11, and then the push rod 10 pushes the polymer material sample 27 to move downwards to extend out of the material guide sleeve to be contacted with the grinding wheel 26, as shown in fig. 3. Initially, the contact of the travel switch 19 is spaced from the lower surface of the disc of the push rod 10 on which the weight 11 is placed by a set distance S, as shown in fig. 2, the distance S is the length of the cylindrical polymer material sample 27 located in the material guide sleeve, so as to ensure that the disc at the top of the push rod 10 contacts the travel switch 19 when the grinding and consumption of the polymer material sample 27 are completed.
The air pump 13 is installed on the upper surface of the groove-shaped connecting piece 15, the air pump 13 is a circulating air pump, the air inlet and the air outlet of the air pump 13 both point to the side of the groove-shaped bracket 22, and the air outlet and the air inlet of the air pump 13 are respectively connected with the air inlet pipe 9 and the top of the gas adsorption pipe 12 through hoses, so that closed airflow circulation is formed between the closed cavity and the air pump 13, as shown in fig. 8.
The controller 16 is fixedly arranged on the bottom plate 17 and the side surface of the motor 14; the controller 16 is used for controlling the opening and closing of the motor 14 and the air pump 13 and controlling the rotating speed of the motor 14; the travel switch 19 is electrically connected, when the lower surface of the disc of the push rod 10 contacts the travel switch 19, the travel switch 19 sends a position signal to the controller 16, and the controller 16 cuts off the power supply of the motor 14 and the air pump 13.
The working principle of the device is as follows:
the device has a transparent closed space which can be penetrated by a light source and is used for aging and decomposing high polymer materials. During operation, the cylindrical polymer material sample 27 is placed in the material guide sleeve, the push rod 10 penetrates into the material guide sleeve, and the weight 11 placed on the disc of the push rod 10 provides constant pressure as friction force. The motor 14 and the air pump 13 are started through the controller 16, the motor 14 provided with the speed reducer drives the grinding wheel 26 to rotate, and friction motion is generated between the grinding wheel and a cylindrical high polymer material sample 27 vertical to the output shaft 3 of the speed reducer, so that the grinding wheel 26 grinds the high polymer material sample 27 to prepare high polymer material powder; and keeps the polymer material sample 27 continuously vertically fed by the weight 11, the push rod 10 and the material guide sleeve. The first particle collection cover 4 and the second particle collection cover 25 which is symmetrical to the first particle collection cover guide the prepared high polymer material powder to fall into the glass collection water tank 1 filled with water along the vertical direction, so that the high polymer material powder is collected, and meanwhile, the aging and decomposition are started in the aging test box. The gas adsorption tube 12 adsorbs the volatile aging product of the polymer material powder in the closed cavity along with the operation of the air pump 13, as shown in fig. 9; the glass collection water tank 1 is arranged in the closed cavity and is also used for collecting water-soluble aging products. As the material sample 27 is ground and consumed, the height of the push rod 10 is lowered continuously, and the power supply is cut off when the lower surface of the disc of the push rod 10 contacts the stroke switch 19.
The controller 16 can also adjust the operation mode of the mechanical friction mechanism for different polymer materials, such as intermittent operation or continuous operation, and simulate the aging degradation, the use process and the exposure environment of the polymer materials. The air pump 13 is a speed-regulating micro air pump, and can regulate the air flow according to the working requirement. The adjustment of the friction speed can also be achieved by replacing a reducer associated with the motor 14.
By combining the above means, the aging and decomposition processes of the polymer material in the natural environment can be better simulated.
Example 2:
on the basis of the above embodiment 1, the operation mode of the mechanical friction mechanism is described in further detail.
As shown in FIG. 3, the positive pressure N is the gravity G of the push rod 101And the weight G of the weight 112When the grinding wheel 26 is rotated at an angular velocity ω, the grinding wheel 26 and the polymer material sample 27 begin to grind, with the polymer material sample 27 being fed vertically and being ground by the grinding wheel 26 until a friction condition as shown in fig. 4 occurs where the cylindrical polymer material sample 27 intersects the cylinder of the grinding wheel 26. as shown in fig. 5, if the mechanism is stationary, the polymer material sample 27 is subjected to a positive pressure N and a counter-force RNThe function of (1). When the grinding wheel 26 is rotated to start grinding work, the force applied to any point of the frictional contact surface on the cross section perpendicular to the rotational axis of the grinding wheel 26 is as shown in fig. 6, the grinding force is a physical phenomenon caused by the contact between the grinding edge of the grinding wheel 26 and the grinding material when the grinding wheel 26 grinds a workpiece, and similarly to the cutting process, a three-way force, i.e., a grinding wheel radial grinding force F, exists during the grinding processrGrinding wheel grinding tangential force FtAnd a force component F in the longitudinal direction (axial direction)aDue to FaThe influence on the grinding process is small and is usually ignored. The grinding force is directly proportional to the workpiece feed speed and inversely proportional to the grinding wheel rotation speed.
The mechanical friction mechanism is a constant-pressure friction mechanism, and the grinding tangential force F of the grinding wheel at any pointtIn direct proportion to the positive pressure ncos theta at this point,
n is the component force of the positive pressure N at this point. Therefore, the grinding tangential force F of the grinding wheel 26tThe particle size of the sample powder particles obtained in the grinding process also shows continuous change when the particle size continuously changes in the circumferential direction of the friction contact surface.
Aiming at different polymer material samples, the weight G of the weight is adjusted1The friction pressure N is changed to obtain the ideal particle size of the sample powder particles. In addition, the purpose of changing the rotating speed of the grinding wheel 26 can be achieved by replacing a speed reducer matched with the motor 14, and the grinding force is changed to obtain the ideal particle size of the sample powder particles.
Example 3:
in addition to the above-described embodiment 1 or embodiment 2, since the apparatus is a micro-miniature test apparatus, it can be put into a conventional aging test chamber 29, and aging and decomposition of the polymer material can be performed by a light source of the aging test chamber 29.
As shown in fig. 10, in order to realize self-power supply of the apparatus, a solar cell panel 28 for supplying power to the electronic components in the apparatus, such as the motor 14 and the air pump 13, is provided in the burn-in chamber 29, and the apparatus is supplied with power by absorbing light energy in the burn-in chamber by the solar cell panel 28, so that no modification is required to the burn-in chamber 29. The solar panel 28 is connected with the controller 16, and a corresponding power manager is arranged in the controller 16, so that when the controller 16 detects that the electric energy provided by the solar panel reaches a set requirement, the motor 14 and the air pump 13 are started.
In summary, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A device for mechanically accelerating aging of high polymer materials and capturing aging products is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
a transparent closed space which can be penetrated by a light source and is used for aging and decomposing the high polymer material;
the friction mechanism is arranged in the transparent closed space and is used for grinding a high polymer material sample (27) to prepare high polymer material powder;
the glass collection water tank (1) is arranged in the transparent closed space and filled with water and is used for collecting the high polymer material powder prepared by the friction mechanism, collecting high polymer material aging particles and collecting high polymer material water-soluble aging products;
an airflow circulating unit for forming airflow closed circulation between the transparent closed space and the air pump (13), wherein a gas adsorption tube (12) for collecting a volatile aging product of the high polymer material is arranged in the airflow circulating unit;
in addition, a driving unit for providing driving force for the friction mechanism is also included.
2. The apparatus for mechanically accelerating the aging of polymer materials and capturing the aging products according to claim 1, wherein: the friction mechanism includes: the grinding wheel (26), the material guide sleeve and the constant pressure mechanism; the grinding wheel (26) is connected to the power output end of the driving unit, is positioned above the glass collecting water tank (1) in the transparent closed space, and is driven to rotate by the driving unit;
one end of the material guide sleeve extends into the transparent closed space and is positioned right above the grinding wheel (26); a polymeric material sample (27) is placed within the material guide sleeve; the constant pressure mechanism extends into the material guide sleeve and provides constant pressure for the polymer material sample (27) in the material guide sleeve, so that the polymer material sample (27) is in constant pressure contact with the grinding wheel (26); and when the grinding wheel (26) rotates, grinding the high polymer material sample (27) to prepare high polymer material powder.
3. The apparatus for mechanically accelerating aging of polymer material and capturing the aging product according to claim 2, wherein: the constant pressure mechanism includes: a push rod (10) and a weight (11); one end of the push rod (10) extends into the material guide sleeve to be contacted with the high polymer material sample (27), and the other end of the push rod extends out of the material guide sleeve; one end of the push rod (10) extending out of the material guide sleeve is provided with a tray for placing weights (11).
4. The apparatus for mechanically accelerating aging of polymer material and capturing the aging product according to claim 2, wherein: the driving unit is: and the motor (14) is provided with a speed reducer, an output shaft (3) of the speed reducer extends into the transparent closed space and is connected with the grinding wheel (26), and the power of the motor (14) is transmitted to the grinding wheel (26).
5. The apparatus for mechanically accelerating aging of polymer material and capturing the aging product according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: in the airflow circulation unit, an air outlet and an air inlet of the air pump (13) are respectively communicated with an air inlet pipe (9) and one end of a gas adsorption pipe (12) through hoses; the other ends of the air inlet pipe (9) and the gas adsorption pipe (12) extend into the transparent closed space, so that air flow closed circulation is formed between the transparent closed space and the air pump (13).
6. The apparatus for mechanically accelerating aging of polymer material and capturing the aging product according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: a particle collecting cover is also arranged in the transparent closed space; the particle collecting cover forms a half-surrounding shape from top to bottom for the grinding wheel (26) and is used for guiding the prepared high polymer material powder to fall into the glass collecting water tank (1) filled with water along the vertical direction.
7. The apparatus for mechanically accelerating aging of polymer material and capturing the aging product according to claim 3, wherein: the air pump device also comprises a controller (16) used for controlling the opening and closing of the motor (14) and the air pump (13) and controlling the rotating speed of the motor (14).
8. The apparatus for mechanically accelerating aging of polymer material and capturing the aging product according to claim 7, wherein: the travel switch (19) is electrically connected with the controller (16);
when the lower surface of the tray of the push rod (10) is in contact with the travel switch (19), the travel switch (19) sends a position signal to the controller (16), and the controller (16) controls the motor (14) and the air pump (13) to be turned off.
9. The apparatus for mechanically accelerating aging of polymer material and capturing the aging product according to claim 3, wherein: the pressure provided by the constant pressure mechanism is changed by adjusting the weight of the weight (11) so as to change the particle size of the prepared high polymer material powder.
10. The apparatus for mechanically accelerating aging of polymer material and capturing the aging product according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the device is placed in an aging test chamber (29), and the aging and decomposition of the high polymer material are carried out by using a light source of the aging test chamber (29);
a solar cell panel (28) for supplying power to electronic components in the device is arranged in the aging test box (29), and the solar cell panel (28) absorbs the light energy in the aging test box (29) to generate electricity.
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