CN107941610A - A kind of high molecular material ageing-resistant performance evaluation test method and device - Google Patents
A kind of high molecular material ageing-resistant performance evaluation test method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN107941610A CN107941610A CN201710965181.5A CN201710965181A CN107941610A CN 107941610 A CN107941610 A CN 107941610A CN 201710965181 A CN201710965181 A CN 201710965181A CN 107941610 A CN107941610 A CN 107941610A
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- high molecular
- molecular material
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0003—Steady
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0017—Tensile
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
- G01N2203/0067—Fracture or rupture
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of high molecular material ageing-resistant performance evaluation test method and device, described method includes following steps：To the outdoor natural sunning test of sample progress made of the high molecular material under permanent load.The method of the present invention to the high molecular material sample of experiment by loading constant load, state when high molecular material is subject to natural environment influence and mechanical loading collective effect in actual use can be preferably simulated, result of the test can preferably reflect aging rule of this kind of high molecular material under real use state；The present invention is directed to different samples, by loading different permanent loads, ageing-resistant situation of the high molecular material in the case of with the presence of stress can be preferably evaluated, so as to more fully evaluate the ageing-resistant performance of high molecular material, more accurately estimates the service life of high molecular material.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to high molecular material ageing-resistant performance assessment technique field.
Background technology
High molecular material is widely used among various industrial products, and makes in many fields as structural material
With.Therefore the aging of high molecular material has become an important research field of polymer science and technology with anti-aging.In recent years
Come, China has carried out substantial amounts of research in terms of macromolecule aging and anti-aging, fine to polyethylene, polypropylene, polyurethane, polyester
The aging rule and mechanism of a variety of high molecular materials such as dimension, ABS plastic and plastic alloy all have made intensive studies and obtain
Many achievements.
Often it is in natural environment using evaluation test, this evaluation test at present to the research of macromolecule material aging
In static test, this experiment can evaluate the ageing-resistant performance of high molecular material in itself, but when high molecular material is in reality
During the use of border, material can inevitably be subject to the collective effect of surrounding medium and extraneous load in itself.And static examination
High molecular material in testing does not bear load.So when the true use state of material is reflected, tried using static state
The aging conditions when high molecular material that testing cannot evaluate in the presence of extraneous load well is used as component.
Therefore, carry out the research to high molecular material natural aging in the presence of load, can more accurately reflect one
The a little virtual conditions of high molecular material in the application.In order to carry out this kind of research, exploitation one kind can apply high molecular material
The outdoor heavy natural sunning device of permanent load is also very necessary.
The content of the invention
The first invention purpose of the present invention is, there is provided a kind of high molecular material ageing-resistant performance evaluation test method, should
The state of high molecular material test specimen can be evaluated more precisely closer to its true use state, its result of the test in method
The ageing-resistant performance of material.
The second goal of the invention of the present invention is to provide a kind of device for being used to implement above-mentioned test method.
The first invention purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：A kind of high molecular material ageing-resistant performance evaluation
Test method, it is characterised in that to the outdoor heavy natural sunning of sample progress made of the high molecular material under permanent load
Experiment.
In the present invention, the size of the permanent load is determined by following formula：
F=k σsA ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... (formula 1)
In formula：
F --- permanent load, unit are newton (N)；
K --- constant；
σs--- the yield stress of material, unit are megapascal (MPa)；
A --- sample original cross-sectional area (cross-sectional area before experiment), unit are square millimeter (mm2)；
In formula 1, yield stress σsMacromolecule sample of the size to being tested species it is related, according to selected by test
Macromolecule sample determine.Sample original cross-sectional area is related to the size of macromolecule sample, according to the selected height of test
The size of molecular sample determines.The size of constant k is related with the needs and the actual Service Environment of material of carrying out experiment, according to
The needs carried out, or load in the actual Service Environment of material are tested to obtain, are typically chosen scope between 0~0.7, i.e.,
0 ＜ k≤0.7.
Above-mentioned evaluation test method specifically comprises the following steps：
(1) will made of the high molecular material component according to《GB/T 1040.2-2006》The shape of prescribed by standard
It is prepared into the sample；
(2) permanent load is applied on to the sample；
(3) according to《GB/T 3681-2011》Method A in standard carries out outdoor natural sunning test；
(4) carry out that outdoor natural sunning test is forward and backward and experiment during, the tensile property that sampling carries out sample is surveyed
Examination, test according to《GB/T 1040.2-2006》Method as defined in standard carries out；Outdoor Outdoor exposure test as a result, according to《GB/
T 15596-2009》The requirement of standard represents.
For different samples, by loading different permanent loads, high molecular material can be preferably evaluated have should
Ageing-resistant situation in the case of power presence, so as to more fully evaluate the ageing-resistant performance of high molecular material, is more accurately estimated
The service life of high molecular material.
The second goal of the invention of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：A kind of high molecular material is under permanent load
Natural sunning test device, including two pillars being oppositely arranged in parallel, further include and are respectively used to connection by the macromolecule material
The upper stationary fixture of the top and bottom of sample made of material and lower stationary fixture, and counterweight hoist cable, loading counterweight and crossbeam,
Across between two pillars, two pillars are connected together respectively for fixed fixture and crossbeam, and described
Upper stationary fixture is located above the crossbeam, the loading counterweight by the counterweight hoist cable bypass after the crossbeam with it is described under
Stationary fixture is connected, the loading counterweight with its gravity by counterweight hoist cable, to being connected to fixed fixture and lower fixation
The sample between fixture, applies the tension along the sample draw direction.
The material of the loading counterweight is stainless steel, which can ensure preferable corrosion resistance during experiment.
The upper and lower stationary fixture is made of two pieces of square plates of bolt, nut connection.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that：1) outdoor natural sunning test is evaluation high molecular material
One of main method of ageing-resistant performance, existing natural sunning test are a kind of static tests in natural environment, experiment
In high molecular material the effect of mechanical loading of not bearing, this method cannot reflect that high molecular material actually makes well
The aging conditions being subject to during under extraneous mechanics loading effect；The method of the present invention passes through the high molecular material sample to experiment
The permanent load of setting is loaded, high molecular material can be preferably simulated and be subject to natural environment influence and mechanics in actual use
State during load collective effect, result of the test can preferably reflect that this kind of high molecular material is old under real use state
Law；The present invention is directed to different samples, by loading different permanent loads, can preferably evaluate high molecular material and exist
With the presence of the ageing-resistant situation in the case of stress, so as to more fully evaluate the ageing-resistant performance of high molecular material, more accurately
Estimate the service life of high molecular material；
2) apparatus of the present invention are simple in structure, and cost is low, outdoors in natural sunning test, can be continuously sample and apply perseverance
Fixed load.
Brief description of the drawings
The present invention is described in further detail with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram one of natural sunning test device of the high molecular material of embodiment one under permanent load
(sample is had been fixed on device)；
Fig. 2 is the structure diagram two of natural sunning test device of the high molecular material of embodiment one under permanent load
(sample is had been fixed on device)；
Fig. 3 be PP (polypropylene) have, the change curve of tensile strength under no-load；
The reference numerals are as follows：1st, pillar, 2, upper stationary fixture, 21, short clamping plate, 3, lower stationary fixture, 31, lower fixation
Clamping plate, 32, lower strap, 4, sample, 5, crossbeam, 6, counterweight hoist cable (stainless steel wire), 7, loading counterweight, 8, bolt, 9, spiral shell
Mother, 10, gasket.
Embodiment
Embodiment one (is related to attached drawing 1,2)
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, natural sunning test device of the high molecular material of the present embodiment under permanent load includes
Two pillars 1 being oppositely arranged in parallel, for connecting 2 He of upper stationary fixture of the upper end of sample 4 made of high molecular material
For connecting the lower stationary fixture 3 of the lower end of sample 4 made of high molecular material, and counterweight is hung made of stainless steel wire
Rope 6, loading counterweight 7 and the crossbeam 5 being made of cylindrical metal bar, upper stationary fixture 2 and crossbeam 5 are respectively across in two pillars 1
Between, both both ends are connected with two pillars 1 respectively, or at least one both ends is connected with two pillars 1, and two pillars 1 are connected together,
And upper stationary fixture 2 is located at the top of crossbeam 5, loading counterweight 7 by counterweight hoist cable 6 bypass after crossbeam 5 with lower 3 phase of stationary fixture
Even, loading counterweight 7 applies the drawing along sample longitudinal stretching direction with its gravity by the counterweight hoist cable 6 around crossbeam 5 to sample 4
Stress.During outdoor natural sunning test, above device is installed on exposing frame for use in by its pillar 1, and device usually tilts necessarily
Angle, crossbeam 5 is used for the direction for adjusting the tension that loading counterweight 7 is applied to sample 4 by counterweight hoist cable 6, so that force
Direction is all the time along the longitudinal stretching direction of sample 4.
Upper stationary fixture 2, lower stationary fixture 3 use clamping piece in the present embodiment.Upper and lower clamping piece structure is similar,
It is made of two pieces of square stainless steel clamping plates.Upper clamping piece includes a block length clamping plate and one piece short clamping plate 21, upper clamping piece
Across between two pillars 1, both ends are connected long clamping plate by bolt 8, nut 9 with pillar 1 respectively, the short clamping plate 21 of upper clamping piece
The middle part of long clamping piece is then installed on by bolt 8, nut 9, connection bolt 8, the nut 9 between them is adjusted, can adjust folder
Holding force, can also select suitable gasket 10 be clipped between two clamping plates, the both sides of sample 4 according to 4 thickness of sample, prevent that sample is loose
It is de-.The two clamping plates 31,32 of lower clamping piece are identical, and upper and lower clamping piece is identical to the method for clamping of sample 4, and details are not described herein.
According to experiment needs, sample 4, which is fixed on, to be provided on the device of permanent load, as shown in Figure 1, by loading counterweight
7 provide and be applied to load on sample, carries out outdoor natural sunning test with this, as shown in Fig. 2, tilting 45 degree of angles.Specifically
Step is as follows：
(1) preparation of samples
Before carrying out outdoor natural sunning test, according to《GB/T 1040.2-2006》The shape of prescribed by standard is to macromolecule
The component that material is formed is processed, and is processed into sample.According to the yield strength σ of canonical measure material sample to be trieds。
(2) outdoor natural sunning test is carried out
Sample is fixed on above device, according to testing program and the yield strength of sample, selection loads counterweight weight,
Determine the size of load.
According to《GB/T 3681-2011》Method A in standard carries out outdoor natural sunning test.
(3) test result analysis example
Routine test is carried out to mechanical properties such as the tensile strengths during sample outdoors natural sunning test, passes through contrast
There is the changing rule of the Polymer Mechanical performance under no-load, investigate influence of the presence to material aging of load.
Specific experiment is as follows：
The outdoor natural sunning test carried out for high molecular material sample, investigates its mechanical property in the case where there is no-load
Change.
Specimen material is PP (polypropylene), 36 months test periods, the tensile strength of every 3 months test materials.By right
The mechanical property of material keeps situation in the presence of no-load, analyzes influence of the presence to macromolecule material aging of load.
The load loaded during experiment is about 0.2 times of PP material yield strengths.
Test specimen is polypropylene (PP), according to《GB/T 1040.2-2006》The shape of prescribed by standard carries out sample
Processing.Thickness of sample is 4mm, and original cross-sectional area is 4mm × 10mm=40mm2。
Sample includes the sample of loading constantly acting load and the sample without loaded load.
Wherein, the preparation for loading the sample of constantly acting load is as follows：
Sample is fixed on above device, according to formula F=k σsA assumed (specified) load sizes.
The yield stress σ of PP materials in the present embodiments=28.9MPa, it is former according to testing program constant k=0.2, sample
Beginning cross-sectional area A=40mm2.Therefore permanent load size is 231.2N, loading counterbalance mass is 23.59kg.
Outdoor natural sunning test according to《GB/T 3681-2011》Method A in standard carries out.Test site in Guangzhou,
Angle of being exposed to the sun is 45 °.36 months test periods, the tensile strength of every 3 months test materials, includes loading the sample of constantly acting load
With the sample of no loaded load.
PP materials carry out arrangement comparison after the natural sunning test of 36 months, to its tensile strength data.Fig. 3 is PP
Trend chart of the tensile strength during experiment in the case where there is no-load loading.Curve A is no load loading in figure
The tensile strength variation tendency of PP, it can be seen that with the extension for time of being exposed to the sun, the tensile strength of PP is gradually reduced, and has reacted PP
Degree of aging gradually deepen.
Curve B is the tensile strength variation tendency of PP under the permanent load loading of 0.2 times of yield stress size in Fig. 3.
It can be seen that it is similar under first 9 months of experiment, the tensile strength and no-load conditions of PP, after this induction period, 12 to 21
During a month, tensile strength declines rapidly；After experiment carries out 24 months, PP battens are broken.
From the contrast of curve A, B as can be seen that in the case where there is load, the rate of ageing of PP is higher than no load
Situation.
The implementation of the present invention is not limited to this, all the above according to the present invention, according to the ordinary skill of this area
Knowledge and customary means, under the premise of the above-mentioned basic fundamental thought of the present invention is not departed from, said structure of the present invention is made its
The modification, replacement or change of its diversified forms, should all fall within the scope and spirit of the invention.
Claims (6)
- A kind of 1. high molecular material ageing-resistant performance evaluation test method, it is characterised in that include the following steps：In permanent load Under to made of the high molecular material sample carry out outdoor natural sunning test.
- 2. high molecular material ageing-resistant performance evaluation test method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described constant The size of load is determined by following formula：F=k σsA ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... (formula 1)In formula：F --- permanent load, unit are newton, N；K --- constant；σs--- the yield stress of material, unit are megapascal, MPA；A --- sample original cross-sectional area, unit are square millimeter, mm2；K value ranges are between 0~0.7, i.e. 0 ＜ k≤0.7.
- 3. high molecular material ageing-resistant performance evaluation test method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the above method Specifically comprise the following steps：(1) will made of the high molecular material component according to《GB/T 1040.2-2006》It is prepared by the shape of prescribed by standard Into the sample；(2) permanent load is applied on to the sample；(3) according to《GB/T 3681-2011》Method A in standard carries out outdoor natural sunning test；(4) carry out that outdoor natural sunning test is forward and backward and experiment during, sampling carries out the tensile property test of sample, surveys Examination according to《GB/T 1040.2-2006》Method as defined in standard carries out.
- 4. natural sunning test device of a kind of high molecular material under permanent load, it is characterised in that set relatively including parallel Two pillars put, further include the upper fixation for being respectively used to connection top and bottom of sample made of the high molecular material Fixture and lower stationary fixture, and counterweight hoist cable, loading counterweight and crossbeam, fixed fixture and crossbeam are respectively across two Between pillar described in root, two pillars are connected together, and fixed fixture is located above the crossbeam, it is described to add Carry counterweight by the counterweight hoist cable around after the crossbeam with the lower stationary fixture to be connected, its gravity of loading counterweight By the counterweight hoist cable, to the sample being connected between fixed fixture and lower stationary fixture, apply along described The tension of sample draw direction.
- 5. natural sunning test device according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the material of the loading counterweight is stainless Steel.
- 6. natural sunning test device according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the upper and lower stationary fixture be by Bolt, two pieces of square plates of nut connection are formed.
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Cited By (9)
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| CN108871970A (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2018-11-23 | 芜湖青悠静谧环保科技有限公司 | A kind of macromolecule plate multipurpose test system |
| CN109342700A (en) * | 2018-08-20 | 2019-02-15 | 中国纺织科学研究院有限公司 | Long filament ageing properties test macro and method |
| CN109540772A (en) * | 2018-10-11 | 2019-03-29 | 中国电器科学研究院有限公司 | A method of quantization is compared Different climate environment and is damaged to macromolecule material aging |
| CN110470538A (en) * | 2019-08-26 | 2019-11-19 | 浙江天能电池江苏新能源有限公司 | Battery grid timeliness detection method |
| CN111257210A (en) * | 2020-01-23 | 2020-06-09 | 北京市理化分析测试中心 | Device for mechanically accelerating aging of high polymer material and capturing aging product |
| CN113295542A (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2021-08-24 | 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 | Plastic high-cold atmospheric environment-tensile load coupling accelerated test method |
| CN113790964A (en) * | 2021-11-17 | 2021-12-14 | 中国电器科学研究院股份有限公司 | Stress aging test device and method for high polymer material |
| CN114563436A (en) * | 2022-03-18 | 2022-05-31 | 广汽本田汽车有限公司 | Simulated seat skin heat resistance test method |
| CN116929950A (en) * | 2023-06-08 | 2023-10-24 | 广东广麟材耀新能源材料有限公司 | Evaluation testing tool and method for high temperature resistance of aluminum plastic film in different states |
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| CN108871970A (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2018-11-23 | 芜湖青悠静谧环保科技有限公司 | A kind of macromolecule plate multipurpose test system |
| CN109342700A (en) * | 2018-08-20 | 2019-02-15 | 中国纺织科学研究院有限公司 | Long filament ageing properties test macro and method |
| CN109540772B (en) * | 2018-10-11 | 2022-08-19 | 中国电器科学研究院股份有限公司 | Method for quantitatively comparing aging damage of different climatic environments to high polymer material |
| CN109540772A (en) * | 2018-10-11 | 2019-03-29 | 中国电器科学研究院有限公司 | A method of quantization is compared Different climate environment and is damaged to macromolecule material aging |
| CN110470538A (en) * | 2019-08-26 | 2019-11-19 | 浙江天能电池江苏新能源有限公司 | Battery grid timeliness detection method |
| CN110470538B (en) * | 2019-08-26 | 2021-10-01 | 浙江天能电池江苏新能源有限公司 | Method for detecting timeliness of storage battery grid |
| CN111257210A (en) * | 2020-01-23 | 2020-06-09 | 北京市理化分析测试中心 | Device for mechanically accelerating aging of high polymer material and capturing aging product |
| CN111257210B (en) * | 2020-01-23 | 2023-07-25 | 北京市理化分析测试中心 | Device for mechanically accelerating aging of high polymer material and capturing aging products |
| CN113295542A (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2021-08-24 | 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 | Plastic high-cold atmospheric environment-tensile load coupling accelerated test method |
| CN113790964A (en) * | 2021-11-17 | 2021-12-14 | 中国电器科学研究院股份有限公司 | Stress aging test device and method for high polymer material |
| CN114563436A (en) * | 2022-03-18 | 2022-05-31 | 广汽本田汽车有限公司 | Simulated seat skin heat resistance test method |
| CN114563436B (en) * | 2022-03-18 | 2023-10-31 | 广汽本田汽车有限公司 | Heat resistance test method for simulated seat skin |
| CN116929950A (en) * | 2023-06-08 | 2023-10-24 | 广东广麟材耀新能源材料有限公司 | Evaluation testing tool and method for high temperature resistance of aluminum plastic film in different states |
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