CN111257210B - Device for mechanically accelerating aging of high polymer material and capturing aging products - Google Patents
Device for mechanically accelerating aging of high polymer material and capturing aging products Download PDFInfo
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- CN111257210B CN111257210B CN202010077025.7A CN202010077025A CN111257210B CN 111257210 B CN111257210 B CN 111257210B CN 202010077025 A CN202010077025 A CN 202010077025A CN 111257210 B CN111257210 B CN 111257210B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N17/00—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
Abstract
The invention discloses a device for mechanically accelerating the aging of a high polymer material and capturing an aging product, which can continuously prepare high polymer material powder, thereby truly simulating the aging and decomposition process of the high polymer material powder in natural environment; and can collect the ageing particles of the polymer material, collect the volatile ageing components of the polymer material and the water-soluble ageing components of the polymer material. Comprising the following steps: a transparent closed space through which the light source can penetrate; the friction mechanism is arranged in the transparent closed space and is used for preparing polymer material powder; the glass collecting water tank is arranged in the transparent closed space and is used for collecting powder of the high polymer material prepared by the friction mechanism, collecting ageing particles of the high polymer material and collecting water-soluble ageing components of the high polymer material; the air circulation unit is used for forming air flow closed circulation between the transparent closed space and the air pump, and the air circulation unit is provided with an air adsorption tube for collecting volatile ageing components of the high polymer material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device for aging and capturing an aging product, in particular to a device for mechanically accelerating the aging and capturing the aging product of a high polymer material.
Background
The high molecular materials are various and huge in quantity, and can generate complex and various chemical substances through ageing and degradation processes, and the products enter the ecological cycle to influence the environment, especially the micro-plastics are already existing in the aspects of the mountain and the river of the lake and the sea and the living of people.
The polymer material is difficult to degrade completely, white pollution is caused by improper treatment, and complex physical changes and chemical reactions can occur in the environment. Under the action of mechanical acting force, sunlight irradiation, abrasion and the like, the macromolecule is decomposed into fragments with small size, namely micro-plastics, after long-time exposure and accumulation; meanwhile, a matrix polymer chain segment in the material can be broken to generate micromolecular chemical substances under the action of light, oxygen and the like, and the added organic micromolecular additive can also generate reactions such as oxidation, decomposition and the like.
Microplastic (usually fibers, fragments or particles with the diameter or the length of less than 5 mm) generated by physical change decomposition or shedding of a polymer material exists in our life, and its figure is found in german beer, french honey, chinese salt and bottled drinking water in the global scope, and is widely distributed in the atmosphere, soil and water, and has invaded south-pole sea areas and north-ocean. Because of the special properties of larger specific surface area, more pollutant adsorption, easier organism entry and the like, the water body environment is more harmful than the large plastic. However, at present, the concentration, the type, the distribution and other data of the microplastic in the water body of China are very lacking, the related basic research is less, the monitoring, the management and the control of the microplastic are not facilitated, and at present, no standardized detection technology and related management measures exist.
The products of the chemical reaction of the high molecular materials are mostly small organic molecules such as alcohols, aldehydes, acids, esters, ketones, phenols and the like. The influence of the organic pollutants related to the polymer with complex types and huge amounts on the environment is not clear, and researches and reports are made. Therefore, the identification and traceability research on the organic pollutants related to the polymer is the basis for carrying out environmental safety evaluation and related toxicological research, and can guide the direction for future environmental monitoring.
However, the influence of the compound on the environment and the related basic research are insufficient. Aiming at the identification and traceability research of the polymer related organic pollutants, the species content of the polymer related pollutants is analyzed, and effective samples are required to be collected in the natural environment when the component traceability is carried out. However, the collection difficulty of the sample is very high, for example, the effective sample is difficult to obtain when the water sample is collected from the water body and the substances in the water sample are separated and enriched, the efficiency is low, the cost is high, the representativeness and the diversity of the enriched sample are limited, the detailed information of complex physical changes and chemical reactions in the environment can not be obtained, and the targeted research is not facilitated. The common research method is to utilize an aging test box to simulate the aging degradation, the use process and the exposure environment of the high polymer material and accelerate the aging and the decomposition of the high polymer material.
The defects of the current research are as follows:
from the experimental research point of view, the aging and decomposition of the polymer material particles in the aging test box are more similar to those in the natural environment. The preparation of the polymer material powder generally adopts a ball milling method, and the currently used ball milling machine can be divided into a common ball milling machine and a high-energy ball milling machine, and the high-energy ball milling machine is generally used for preparing the polymer material powder. The commonly used high-energy ball mill is divided into three types of stirring type, planetary type and vibration type. For any high energy ball mill, the degree of refinement of the particles is largely dependent on the impact energy obtained by the grinding ball and the material. The higher collision energy will make the probability of crushing the material particles under the impact of the grinding balls larger, so that the refinement degree of the material particles is higher. The high-energy ball mill can generate rotation or vibration when in operation, and the hard balls impact the raw materials strongly, and relatively large power is required, so that the equipment with the working principle cannot be applied to an aging box. Even if the high-energy ball mill is used for preparing the high-polymer material powder outside, and then the high-polymer material particles are aged and decomposed in the aging test box, detailed dynamic information of complicated physical changes and chemical reactions generated in the aging degradation, the use process and the exposure environment of the high-polymer material cannot be obtained, and the aging and decomposition process of the high-polymer material powder in the natural environment cannot be truly simulated; and the problems that the aged particles of the high polymer material are difficult to collect, the volatile aged products of the high polymer material are difficult to collect, the water-soluble aged products of the high polymer material are difficult to collect and the like exist.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a device for mechanically accelerating the aging of a polymer material and capturing the aging products, which can continuously prepare polymer material powder by using external force, is favorable for dynamically researching the degradation and fracture mechanism of a polymer chain segment, and thereby truly simulates the aging and decomposition process of the polymer material powder in natural environment; and can collect the ageing particles of the high polymer material, collect the volatile ageing products of the high polymer material and the water-soluble ageing products of the high polymer material.
The device for mechanically accelerating the aging of the high polymer material and capturing the aging product comprises:
the transparent closed space which can be penetrated by the light source is used for ageing and decomposing the high polymer material;
the friction mechanism is arranged in the transparent closed space and is used for preparing polymer material powder by grinding a polymer material sample;
the glass collecting water tank is arranged in the transparent closed space and is used for collecting powder of the high polymer material prepared by the friction mechanism, collecting ageing particles of the high polymer material and collecting water-soluble ageing products of the high polymer material;
the air circulation unit is used for forming air flow closed circulation between the transparent closed space and the air pump, and the air circulation unit is internally provided with an air adsorption tube for collecting volatile ageing products of the high polymer materials;
further, a driving unit for providing a driving force to the friction mechanism is included.
As a preferred mode of the present invention: the friction mechanism includes: grinding wheel, material guide sleeve and constant pressure mechanism; the power output end connected to the driving unit is positioned above the glass collecting water tank in the transparent closed space, and the grinding wheel is driven to rotate by the driving unit;
one end of the material guide sleeve extends into the transparent closed space and is positioned right above the grinding wheel; a high polymer material sample is placed in the material guide sleeve; the constant pressure mechanism stretches into the material guide sleeve and provides constant pressure for the high polymer material sample in the material guide sleeve so that the high polymer material sample is in constant pressure contact with the grinding wheel; and when the grinding wheel rotates, grinding the high polymer material sample to prepare high polymer material powder.
As a preferred mode of the present invention: the constant pressure mechanism includes: a push rod and a weight; one end of the push rod extends into the material guide sleeve to be in contact with the high polymer material sample, and the other end extends out of the material guide sleeve; one end of the push rod, which extends out of the material guide sleeve, is provided with a tray for placing weights.
As a preferred mode of the present invention: the driving unit is as follows: and the motor is provided with a speed reducer, and an output shaft of the speed reducer stretches into the transparent closed space to be connected with the grinding wheel, so that the power of the motor is transmitted to the grinding wheel.
As a preferred mode of the present invention: in the air flow circulation unit, an air outlet and an air inlet of the air pump are respectively communicated with one end of the air inlet pipe and one end of the air adsorption pipe through hoses; the other ends of the air inlet pipe and the air adsorption pipe extend into the transparent closed space, so that air flow closed circulation is formed between the transparent closed space and the air pump.
As a preferred mode of the present invention: a particle collecting cover is arranged in the transparent closed space; the particle collecting cover forms a semi-surrounding shape from top to bottom on the grinding wheel and is used for guiding the prepared high polymer material powder to fall into the glass collecting water tank filled with water along the vertical direction.
As a preferred mode of the present invention: the air pump also comprises a controller for controlling the opening and closing of the motor and the air pump and controlling the rotating speed of the motor.
As a preferred mode of the present invention: the travel switch is electrically connected with the controller;
at first, the contact of travel switch with the lower surface interval setting distance of push rod tray, when the tray lower surface of push rod contacts travel switch, travel switch sends to the controller is in place the signal, the controller control the motor with the air pump is closed.
As a preferred mode of the present invention: the pressure provided for the constant pressure mechanism is changed by adjusting the weight of the weight so as to change the particle size of the prepared polymer material powder.
As a preferred mode of the present invention: placing the device in an aging test box, and aging and decomposing the high polymer material by utilizing a light source of the aging test box;
the solar cell panel for supplying power to the electronic components in the device is arranged in the aging test box, and the solar cell panel absorbs the light energy in the aging test box to generate power.
The beneficial effects are that:
(1) The device leads the high polymer material to form fragments with small size by the external force provided by the mechanical friction mechanism, which is far higher than the speed of decomposing the high polymer material into fragments in a natural state, thereby being convenient for research; and the polymer material powder with the particle size continuously distributed from the micron level to the millimeter level can be continuously prepared, which is favorable for dynamically researching the degradation and fracture mechanism of the polymer chain segment, thereby truly simulating the aging and decomposition process of the polymer material powder in the natural environment.
(2) In the aging and decomposing process of the high polymer material, the water tank placed in the closed space can collect the high polymer material powder continuously prepared by the mechanical friction mechanism, and collect water-soluble aging products of the aging and decomposing stages of the high polymer material, so that the degradation and breaking mechanism of the high polymer chain segment can be dynamically researched, the characteristic pollutant can be determined, and the connection between the high polymer type and the characteristic pollutant can be established.
(3) In the process of ageing and decomposing the high polymer material, the air pump and the airtight space for ageing and decomposing the high polymer material establish an air flow closed cycle by utilizing the air inlet channel and the air outlet channel, and the gas adsorption column on the air outlet channel can collect volatile ageing products of each stage of ageing and decomposing the high polymer material, thereby being beneficial to dynamically researching the degradation and fracture mechanism of a high polymer chain segment, determining characteristic pollutants and establishing the connection between high polymer types and the characteristic pollutants.
(4) The mechanical friction mechanism is a constant pressure friction mechanism, the grinding tangential force of the grinding wheel continuously changes in the circumferential direction of the friction contact surface, and the particle size of sample powder particles obtained in the grinding process also continuously changes. And the friction pressure can be conveniently changed by adjusting the weight of the weight according to different polymer material samples, so that the ideal particle size of the sample powder particles is obtained. In addition, the purpose of changing the rotation speed of the grinding wheel can be achieved by changing a speed reducer matched with the motor, and the grinding force is changed to obtain the ideal particle size of the sample powder particles.
(5) The device is a microminiature test device, can be placed in a conventional aging test box, and is used for aging and decomposing high polymer materials through a transparent closed space capable of enabling a light source of the aging test box to penetrate; the device has low power, can utilize the solar panel to absorb the light source in the aging test box to supply power to the test device, and does not need to change the aging test box.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the overall structure of the device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a left side view of the device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the principle of powder preparation;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a full contact friction condition;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a full contact static analysis at rest;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of force analysis at any point of a friction interface;
FIG. 7 is a detailed view of the location of the collection trough and particulate collection hood for collecting the polymer material powder and aged particles;
FIGS. 8 and 9 are schematic diagrams of volatile aging product collection of the polymer material;
fig. 10 is a schematic layout of the device in an aging oven.
Wherein: 1-glass collection tank, 3-reducer output shaft, 4-particle collection hood I, 5-glass hood body, 6-material guide sleeve I, 7-material guide sleeve II, 8-air inlet pipe base, 9-air inlet pipe, 10-push rod, 11-weight, 12-gas adsorption pipe, 13-air pump, 14-motor, 15-slot type connecting piece, 16-controller, 17-bottom plate, 18-gas adsorption pipe base, 19-travel switch, 20-screw A, 21-screw B, 22-slot type support, 23-screw C, 24-screw D, 25-particle collection hood II, 26-grinding wheel, 27-high molecular material sample, 28-solar panel, 29-aging test box
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in detail by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides a device for mechanically accelerating aging of a high polymer material and capturing an aging product, which is provided with a transparent closed cavity capable of enabling a light source to penetrate, and is used for aging and decomposing the high polymer material; a mechanical friction mechanism is arranged in the inner part and is used for preparing polymer material powder; a water tank for collecting powder of the polymer material prepared by the mechanical friction mechanism and aged particles thereof; an air flow closed circulation is arranged between the closed space and the air pump, and an air adsorption column is arranged in the air flow closed circulation and is used for collecting volatile aging products of the high polymer material; the controller can adjust the operation mode of the mechanical friction mechanism according to different high polymer materials, and simulate the aging degradation, the use process and the exposure environment of the high polymer materials.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the apparatus includes: the base plate 17, and a closed cavity, a powder preparation and collection unit, an air flow circulation unit, a driving unit and a control unit which are arranged on the base plate 17.
The sealed cavity is formed by a groove-shaped support 22 and a glass cover body 5 which is covered outside the groove-shaped support 22, the groove-shaped support 22 and the glass cover body 5 are of groove-shaped structures, and the groove-shaped support 22 and the glass cover body 5 are in butt joint to form a transparent sealed cavity, so that a light source can pass through; the closed cavity is used for ageing and decomposing the high polymer material; the powder preparation and collection unit is positioned in the closed cavity, and the powder of the high polymer material is prepared and collected in the closed cavity.
The powder preparation and collection unit comprises a mechanical friction mechanism for preparing polymer material powder and a glass collection water tank 1 for collecting the prepared polymer material powder and aged particles thereof; the mechanical friction mechanism includes: grinding wheel 26, material guiding sleeve, push rod 10 and weight 11.
The air flow circulation unit includes: an air pump 13, an air inlet pipe 9 and a gas adsorption pipe 12;
the driving unit is a motor 14 provided with a speed reducer;
the control unit comprises a controller 16 and a travel switch 19.
The whole connection relation is as follows: the motor 14 is fixedly arranged on the bottom plate 17 through a groove-shaped connecting piece 15 and a screw B21, namely, the groove-shaped connecting piece 15 is covered outside a reducer part of the motor 14, and the groove-shaped connecting piece 15 is fixedly connected with the bottom plate 17 through the screw B21; the groove-shaped connecting piece 15 is used for providing a mounting position of the air pump 13, so that the whole structure is compact. The slot mount 22 is vertically positioned (i.e., its slot bottom is vertical and its opposite faces are horizontal) such that its slot bottom is opposite the end where the motor 14 is located. The inner bottom of the groove type support 22 is provided with a sealing installation groove of the glass cover body 5, as shown in fig. 7, the glass cover body 5 is vertically inserted into the sealing installation groove at the bottom of the groove type support 22 from top to bottom, covers the outer part of the groove type support 22, closes three opening ends of the groove type support 22, and is tightly attached to the top surface of the groove type support 22 through the upper part of inward flanging, so that a transparent closed cavity is formed.
The bottom surface of the groove type support 22 is fixed on the end surface of the motor 14 at the speed reducer end through a screw 20A, and the speed reducer output shaft 3 passes through a through hole at the bottom surface of the groove type support 22 and rises into the airtight cavity. The reducer output shaft 3 has a D-shaped output end connected to a D-shaped shaft hole of the grinding wheel 26 inside the closed cavity, thereby transmitting the power of the motor 14 to the grinding wheel 26 to drive the grinding wheel 26 to rotate.
The glass collecting water tank 1 is placed in the airtight cavity, is arranged on the bottom surface of the groove type support 22 and is positioned below the grinding wheel 26, and is used for collecting powder and ageing particles of the high polymer material prepared by the mechanical friction mechanism and also can collect water-soluble ageing products of the high polymer material.
The first particle collecting cover 4 and the second particle collecting cover 25 positioned in the closed cavity are respectively fixedly installed at the top of the groove-shaped bracket 22 through screws, the first particle collecting cover 4 and the second particle collecting cover 25 form a semi-surrounding shape to the grinding wheel 26 from top to bottom, as shown in fig. 7, the first particle collecting cover 4 and the second particle collecting cover 25 are butted to form a cover body with a semicircular cross section, and the cover body is arranged outside the contact part of the grinding wheel 26 and the high polymer material sample 27.
The upper surface of the groove-shaped bracket 22 is provided with four mounting holes which are respectively used for mounting a material guide sleeve, a gas adsorption pipe 12, an air inlet pipe 9 and a travel switch 19; wherein the mounting hole of upper surface central point puts and is used for installing the material uide bushing, for convenient processing improves the machining precision of part, and the material uide bushing includes material uide bushing one 6 and material uide bushing two 7 of coaxial butt joint, and as shown in fig. 3, material uide bushing one 6 and material uide bushing two 7 are the tubular structure that one end was provided with the shaft shoulder, and its mounting means is: the shaft shoulder of the first material guide sleeve 6 is abutted with the shaft shoulder of the second material guide sleeve 7 and then fixed on the upper surface of the groove-shaped support 22 through a screw D24, wherein the other end of the second material guide sleeve 7 extends upwards, and the other end of the first material guide sleeve 6 extends downwards to penetrate through the mounting hole and extend into the airtight cavity and is positioned right above the grinding wheel 26. One end of the gas adsorption tube 12 extends into the airtight cavity through a corresponding mounting hole and is fixed on the upper surface of the groove-shaped bracket 22 through the gas adsorption tube base 18, and the gas adsorption tube 12 is used for collecting volatile ageing products of high polymer materials; one end of the air inlet pipe 9 extends into the airtight cavity through a corresponding mounting hole and is fixed on the upper surface of the groove-shaped bracket 22 through the air inlet pipe base 8; the travel switch 19 is fixed in a corresponding mounting hole on the upper surface of the groove-shaped bracket 22, and the contact point of the travel switch 19 is upward.
When the device works, a cylindrical high polymer material sample 27 is placed in a material guide sleeve, the bottom of a push rod 10 stretches into the material guide sleeve to be in contact with the high polymer material sample 27, and the top stretches out of the material guide sleeve; the top of the push rod 10 is provided with a disc for placing the weight 11, the push rod 10 is pushed to move downwards by the gravity of the weight 11, and then the high polymer material sample 27 is pushed to move downwards by the push rod 10 to extend out of the material guide sleeve to be in contact with the grinding wheel 26, as shown in fig. 3. Initially, the contact of the travel switch 19 is spaced from the lower surface of the disk of the weight 11 placed on the push rod 10 by a set distance S, as shown in fig. 2, which is the length of the cylindrical high polymer material sample 27 located in the material guiding sleeve, so that when the grinding of the high polymer material sample 27 is completed, the top disk of the push rod 10 contacts the travel switch 19.
The air pump 13 is installed on the upper surface of the groove-shaped connecting piece 15, the air pump 13 is a circulating air pump, the air inlet and the air outlet of the air pump 13 are both directed to the side where the groove-shaped support 22 is located, the air outlet and the air inlet of the air pump 13 are respectively connected with the air inlet pipe 9 and the top of the air adsorption pipe 12 by hoses, and air flow closed circulation is formed between the closed cavity and the air pump 13, as shown in fig. 8.
The controller 16 is fixedly arranged on the bottom plate 17, and the side surface of the motor 14; the controller 16 is used for controlling the opening and closing of the motor 14 and the air pump 13 and controlling the rotating speed of the motor 14; the travel switch 19 is electrically connected, and when the lower surface of the disc of the push rod 10 contacts the travel switch 19, the travel switch 19 sends a signal to the controller 16, and the controller 16 cuts off the power supply of the motor 14 and the air pump 13.
The working principle of the device is as follows:
the device is provided with a transparent closed space which can be penetrated by a light source and is used for ageing and decomposing high polymer materials. In operation, a cylindrical polymer material sample 27 is placed in a material guide sleeve, then a push rod 10 is inserted into the material guide sleeve, and a constant pressure force is provided as a friction force by a weight 11 placed on a disc of the push rod 10. The motor 14 and the air pump 13 are started by the controller 16, the motor 14 with a speed reducer drives the grinding wheel 26 to rotate, and friction motion is generated between the grinding wheel 26 and the cylindrical high polymer material sample 27 perpendicular to the output shaft 3 of the speed reducer, so that the grinding wheel 26 grinds the high polymer material sample 27, and the high polymer material powder is prepared; and the high polymer material sample 27 is kept continuously and vertically fed by the weight 11, the push rod 10 and the material guide sleeve. The first particle collecting cover 4 and the second particle collecting cover 25 which are symmetrical to the first particle collecting cover in structure guide the prepared high polymer material powder to fall into the glass collecting water tank 1 filled with water along the vertical direction, so that the collection of the high polymer material powder is realized, and meanwhile, the high polymer material powder starts aging and decomposition in the aging test box. The gas adsorption tube 12 adsorbs volatile aging products of the polymer material powder in the closed cavity along with the operation of the air pump 13, as shown in fig. 9; the glass placed in the closed cavity is collected in the water tank 1 and is also used for collecting water-soluble ageing products. As the material sample 27 is ground, the height of the pusher 10 is lowered continuously, and the power supply is turned off when the lower surface of the disk of the pusher 10 contacts the travel switch 19.
The controller 16 may also adjust the operating mode of the mechanical friction mechanism for different polymeric materials, such as intermittent operation or continuous operation, to simulate the degradation of polymeric materials by aging, the use process, and the exposure environment. The air pump 13 is a speed-regulating miniature air pump, and can regulate the air flow according to the working requirement. The adjustment of the friction speed can also be achieved by changing the speed reducer associated with the motor 14.
The aging and decomposition process of the high polymer material in the natural environment can be better simulated by combining the means.
Example 2:
the operation mode of the mechanical friction mechanism is described in further detail on the basis of the above embodiment 1.
As shown in FIG. 3, positive pressure N is the gravity G of the pushrod 10 1 And the gravity G of the weight 11 2 When grinding is not started initially, the polymer material sample 27 is moved down to protrude the material guide sleeve to contact the grinding wheel 26 (at this time, the length of the polymer material sample 27 protruding the material guide sleeve is Δ). When the grinding wheel 26 rotates at the angular velocity ω, the grinding of the grinding wheel 26 and the polymer material sample 27 starts, and the grinding of the cylindrical polymer material sample 27 and the grinding wheel 26 is performed in a intersecting plane along with the vertical feeding of the polymer material sample 27 and the grinding action of the grinding wheel 26 until the friction state is as shown in fig. 4. As shown in FIG. 5, if the mechanism is stationary, the polymer material sample 27 is subjected to a positive pressure N and a counter-force R N Is effective in (1). When the grinding wheel 26 rotates to start the grinding work, the force applied to any point of the frictional contact surface on the section perpendicular to the rotation axis of the grinding wheel 26 is as shown in FIG. 6, the grinding force is a physical phenomenon generated by contact between the grinding edge of the grinding wheel 26 and the grinding material when the grinding wheel 26 grinds a workpiece, and similarly to the cutting process, there is a three-way force in the grinding process, namely, the grinding force F in the radial direction of the grinding wheel r Tangential force F of grinding wheel t And a component force F in the longitudinal (axial) direction a Due to F a The influence on the grinding process is small, usually negligible. The grinding force is proportional to the workpiece feed speed and inversely proportional to the wheel speed.
The mechanical friction mechanism is a constant pressure friction mechanism, and the grinding tangential force F of the grinding wheel at any point t In direct proportion to the positive pressure ncosθ at this point,n is the component of the positive pressure N at this point. Thus, the grinding tangential force F of the grinding wheel 26 t The particle size of the sample powder obtained in the grinding process also continuously changes in the circumferential direction of the friction contact surface.
Aiming at different high polymer material samples, the weight of the weight is adjustedQuantity G 1 The friction pressure N is changed, and the ideal particle size of the sample powder particles is obtained. In addition, the purpose of changing the rotation speed of the grinding wheel 26 can be achieved by changing a speed reducer matched with the motor 14, and the grinding force is changed to obtain the ideal particle size of the sample powder particles.
Example 3:
in addition to the above-described embodiment 1 or embodiment 2, since the apparatus is a microminiature test apparatus, the apparatus can be placed in a conventional aging test chamber 29, and the aging and decomposition of the polymer material can be performed by using the light source of the aging test chamber 29.
As shown in fig. 10, in order to realize self-power supply of the device, a solar panel 28 for supplying power to electronic components in the device, such as a motor 14 and an air pump 13, is arranged in an aging test box 29, and the solar panel 28 is used for absorbing light energy in the aging test box to supply power to the device, so that no change is required to be made to the aging test box 29. The solar panel 28 is connected with the controller 16, and a corresponding power manager is arranged in the controller 16, and when the controller 16 detects that the electric energy provided by the solar panel reaches the set requirement in use, the motor 14 and the air pump 13 are started.
In summary, the above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A device for mechanically accelerating aging of high polymer materials and capturing aging products is characterized in that: comprising the following steps:
the transparent closed space which can be penetrated by the light source is used for ageing and decomposing the high polymer material;
the friction mechanism is arranged in the transparent closed space and is used for preparing polymer material powder by grinding a polymer material sample (27);
the glass collecting water tank (1) is arranged in the transparent closed space and is used for collecting powder of the high polymer material prepared by the friction mechanism, collecting ageing particles of the high polymer material and collecting water-soluble ageing products of the high polymer material;
the air circulation unit is used for forming air flow closed circulation between the transparent closed space and the air pump (13), and the air circulation unit is internally provided with an air adsorption tube (12) for collecting volatile ageing products of the high polymer materials;
in the air flow circulation unit, a hose for an air outlet of the air pump (13) is communicated with one end of the air inlet pipe (9), and a hose for an air inlet of the air pump (13) is communicated with one end of the air adsorption pipe (12); the other end of the air inlet pipe (9) and the air adsorption pipe (12) extend into the transparent closed space, so that an air flow closed cycle is formed between the transparent closed space and the air pump (13);
further, a driving unit for providing a driving force to the friction mechanism is included;
the friction mechanism includes: the grinding wheel (26), the material guide sleeve and the constant pressure mechanism; the grinding wheel (26) is connected to the power output end of the driving unit and is positioned above the glass collecting water tank (1) in the transparent closed space, and the driving unit drives the grinding wheel (26) to rotate;
one end of the material guide sleeve extends into the transparent closed space and is positioned right above the grinding wheel (26); the other end extends upwards to extend out of the transparent closed space; a high molecular material sample (27) is placed in the material guide sleeve; the constant pressure mechanism stretches into the material guide sleeve and provides constant pressure for a high polymer material sample (27) in the material guide sleeve, so that the high polymer material sample (27) is in constant pressure contact with the grinding wheel (26); grinding the polymer material sample (27) when the grinding wheel (26) rotates, and preparing polymer material powder;
the constant pressure mechanism includes: a push rod (10) and a weight (11); one end of the push rod (10) extends into the material guide sleeve to be in contact with the high polymer material sample (27), and the other end extends out of the material guide sleeve; one end of the push rod (10) extending out of the material guide sleeve is provided with a tray for placing weights (11);
the device is characterized by further comprising a travel switch (19) arranged on the upper surface of the transparent closed space, wherein a contact of the travel switch (19) is spaced from the lower surface of a tray on which weights (11) are arranged at the top of the push rod (10) by a set distance S, the distance S is the length of the part, located in the material guide sleeve, of the high polymer material sample (27), and when the high polymer material sample (27) is completely ground and consumed, the tray at the top of the push rod (10) is contacted with the travel switch (19).
2. The device for mechanically accelerating aging of high molecular materials and capturing aging products according to claim 1, wherein: the driving unit is as follows: and a motor (14) provided with a speed reducer, wherein an output shaft (3) of the speed reducer stretches into the transparent closed space to be connected with the grinding wheel (26), and the power of the motor (14) is transmitted to the grinding wheel (26).
3. The device for mechanically accelerating aging of high molecular materials and capturing aging products according to claim 1, wherein: a particulate matter collecting cover is also arranged in the transparent closed space; the particle collecting cover forms a semi-surrounding shape from top to bottom on the grinding wheel (26) and is used for guiding the prepared polymer material powder to fall into the glass collecting water tank (1) filled with water along the vertical direction.
4. The device for mechanically accelerating aging of high molecular materials and capturing aging products according to claim 2, wherein: the air pump also comprises a controller (16) for controlling the opening and closing of the motor (14) and the air pump (13) and controlling the rotating speed of the motor (14).
5. The device for mechanically accelerating the aging of the polymer material and capturing the aging product according to claim 4, wherein: the travel switch (19) is electrically connected with the controller (16);
when the lower surface of the tray at the top of the push rod (10) is contacted with the travel switch (19), the travel switch (19) sends an in-place signal to the controller (16), and the controller (16) controls the motor (14) and the air pump (13) to be closed.
6. The device for mechanically accelerating aging of high molecular materials and capturing aging products according to claim 1, wherein: the pressure provided to the constant pressure mechanism is changed by adjusting the weight of the weight (11) so as to change the particle size of the prepared polymer material powder.
7. The device for mechanically accelerating aging of high molecular materials and capturing aging products according to claim 1, wherein: the device is placed in an aging test box (29), and the light source of the aging test box (29) is utilized to age and decompose the high polymer material;
a solar panel (28) for supplying power to electronic components in the device is arranged in the aging test box (29), and the solar panel (28) absorbs light energy in the aging test box (29) to generate power.
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