CN113295542A - Plastic high-cold atmospheric environment-tensile load coupling accelerated test method - Google Patents
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- CN113295542A CN113295542A CN202110706758.7A CN202110706758A CN113295542A CN 113295542 A CN113295542 A CN 113295542A CN 202110706758 A CN202110706758 A CN 202110706758A CN 113295542 A CN113295542 A CN 113295542A
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- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 143
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000001808 coupling effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229920002302 Nylon 6,6 Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/18—Performing tests at high or low temperatures
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N17/00—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/32—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0003—Steady
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0005—Repeated or cyclic
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0017—Tensile
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0073—Fatigue
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
- G01N2203/0222—Temperature
- G01N2203/0228—Low temperature; Cooling means
Abstract
The invention discloses a plastic severe cold atmosphere-tensile load coupling accelerated test method, which adopts tensile strength as an evaluation index, contrasts and analyzes an alternating cycle test of a severe cold atmosphere outdoor environment static tensile load loading test, a severe cold atmosphere outdoor environment dynamic tensile fatigue loading test and a severe cold atmosphere outdoor environment static exposure test, and the acceleration of a load coupling accelerated test method in three aspects of the alternating cycle test of the severe cold atmosphere outdoor environment dynamic tensile fatigue loading test and the severe cold atmosphere outdoor environment static tensile load loading test on the basis of a severe cold atmosphere outdoor environment static exposure test result as a reference, truly reflects the degradation influence of the coupling effect of aging and tensile load in severe cold atmosphere environment on the plastic performance, overcomes the defect that the traditional laboratory accelerated test is difficult to truly reflect the comprehensive influence of aging of various environmental factors of severe cold atmosphere, and the natural environment static exposure test cannot reflect the defect of the influence of the tensile load.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental tests, in particular to a plastic high-cold atmospheric environment-tensile load coupling acceleration test method.
Background
With the continuous improvement of the development requirement of light weight of equipment/products, plastics are widely applied to the research and production of the equipment/products by virtue of the characteristics of high specific strength, light weight, excellent mechanical property, easiness in processing and forming, low cost and the like, and particularly, a large amount of advanced plastics are used for bearing parts of the equipment/products, and the phenomenon that steel is replaced by the plastics is increasingly common.
The plastic used as the bearing part can meet more complex working conditions in the whole life cycle of the equipment/product, particularly in extremely severe environments such as a severe cold atmospheric environment and the like, and is not only subjected to the aging comprehensive influence of various atmospheric environment factors such as cold and low temperature, solar radiation, humidity and the like, but also subjected to the load influence of stretching, compression and the like, and the plastic bearing part of the equipment/product is easy to fail in advance due to the coupling effect of the severe cold atmospheric environment and mechanical load, so that greater hidden danger is brought to the reliable service of the equipment, and the environmental adaptability of the plastic faces outstanding challenges.
At present, basic research aspects related to plastic environmental damage under the atmospheric environment-mechanical load coupling action are weak at home and abroad, and a plan for developing plastic atmospheric environment-mechanical load coupling accelerated test research is urgently needed, a corresponding test method is established, the environmental damage mode, the damage rule and the damage mechanism of plastic under the coupling action are mastered, relevant theories are enriched and developed, and more scientific supports are provided for guaranteeing the service safety and the service performance of a plastic structure.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a plastic high-cold atmospheric environment-tensile load coupling accelerated test method which truly reflects the degradation influence of the coupling effect of aging and tensile load in the high-cold atmospheric environment on the performance of plastic and overcomes the defects that the traditional laboratory accelerated test is difficult to truly reflect the comprehensive influence of aging of various environmental factors of the high-cold atmosphere, and the natural environment static exposure test cannot reflect the influence of tensile load.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a plastic high and cold atmospheric environment-tensile load coupling accelerated test method comprises the following steps:
(1) placing the test piece in an outdoor environment of high and cold atmosphere for a static tensile load loading test, and performing a continuous loading test on the test piece at a stress ratio of 1 and a static tensile load of 0.7F every day for a test period of 10-30 days;
(2) placing the test piece in the outdoor environment of the same atmosphere with the same altitude and cold to carry out an alternating cycle test comprising a dynamic tensile fatigue loading test and a static exposure test, loading the test piece for 30 minutes by using the maximum tensile fatigue load of 0.7F, the minimum tensile fatigue load of 0.4F, the frequency of 10Hz and the loading waveform as a sine wave every day, and carrying out the static exposure test at the rest time, wherein the test period is 10-30 days;
(3) placing the test piece in an outdoor environment with the same altitude and cold atmosphere for an alternating cycle test comprising a dynamic tensile fatigue loading test and a static tensile load loading test, loading the test piece for 30 minutes by using a maximum tensile fatigue load of 0.7F, a minimum tensile fatigue load of 0.4F, a frequency of 10Hz and a loading waveform as a sine wave every day, continuously and statically loading the test piece by using a stress ratio of 1 and a static tensile load of 0.7F in the rest time, and carrying out a test period of 10-30 days;
wherein F is the maximum tensile force of the plastic,
the test piece is subjected to tensile strength detection in each period, and the tensile strength is used as an environmental adaptability evaluation index of the plastic to evaluate the acceleration rate of an alternating cycle test of an alpine atmosphere outdoor environment static tensile load loading test, an alpine atmosphere outdoor environment dynamic tensile fatigue loading test and an alpine atmosphere outdoor environment static exposure test, and an alpine atmosphere outdoor environment dynamic tensile fatigue loading test and an alpine atmosphere outdoor environment static tensile load loading test relative to the alpine atmosphere outdoor environment static exposure test.
Further, the static exposure test of the outdoor environment of the alpine atmosphere comprises the following steps:
and (3) placing the test piece in the same atmosphere outdoor environment with the same altitude and cold, enabling the test piece to face south and stand at an inclination angle of 45 degrees with the horizontal plane, and detecting the tensile strength of the test piece in each period, wherein the performance detection period is 3, 6, 9 and 12 months.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the degradation rule of the tensile property of the plastic used under the coupling effect of the outdoor environment of the alpine atmosphere and the tensile load is examined, and the defects that the traditional laboratory test cannot truly reflect the comprehensive influence of aging of various environmental factors such as the low temperature of the alpine atmosphere, solar radiation and the like, and the static exposure test of the natural environment cannot reflect the influence of the tensile load are overcome;
2. compared with the traditional laboratory simulation accelerated test and the natural environment static exposure test, the test result is closer to the actual service condition of the plastic high and cold atmospheric environment;
3. the environment adaptability of the plastic is really and quickly examined and evaluated, the acceleration rate of the alpine atmosphere-tensile load coupling acceleration test relative to the alpine atmosphere outdoor environment static exposure test reaches more than 12 times, the acceleration is obvious, and the requirement of quick examination and evaluation of the environment adaptability in the service process of the plastic can be met;
4. compared with the traditional natural environment test, the method realizes the transformation from the static test to the dynamic and static combination test of the plastic environment adaptability examination and evaluation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a high and cold climate environment-tension, compression and bending working condition load coupling test device;
FIG. 2 is a plot of test piece size versus specification;
figure 3 is a comparison of tensile strength for two tests of nylon 66 plastic.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
In this example, nylon 66 plastic was used as the test material.
The coupling test device selected in this embodiment is a high and cold climate environment-pulling, pressing and bending working condition load coupling test device, as shown in fig. 1, and is installed in an outdoor test field of a testing station of a black dragon river having a typical high and cold atmospheric environment.
The test method of the present invention comprises:
(1) static exposure test for outdoor environment in severe cold atmosphere
The method is carried out in an outdoor test field of a testing station of the Heilongjiang desert river, a test piece faces south and forms an inclination angle of 45 degrees with the horizontal plane, the performance detection period is 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 12 months, and the tensile strength of the test piece is detected in each period.
(2) Static tensile load loading test in outdoor environment of severe cold atmosphere
The test parameters include:
static tensile load: 0.7F, wherein F is the maximum tensile force of the plastic;
stress ratio: 1;
and (3) test period: 10-30 days;
static tensile load loading time: loading was continued until the end of the test.
(3) Alternate cycle test of dynamic tensile fatigue loading test in outdoor environment of alpine atmosphere and static exposure test in outdoor environment of alpine atmosphere
Wherein, the dynamic tensile fatigue loading test parameters of the outdoor environment of the alpine atmosphere are as follows:
maximum tensile fatigue load: 0.7F, wherein F is the maximum tensile force of the plastic;
minimum tensile fatigue load: 0.4F, wherein F is the maximum tensile force of the plastic;
tensile fatigue loading frequency: 10 Hz;
tensile fatigue loading waveform: a sine wave;
and (3) test period: 10-30 days;
tensile fatigue loading time: load 30 minutes per day.
Specifically constitute by severe cold atmosphere outdoor environment dynamic tensile fatigue loading test and severe cold atmosphere outdoor environment static exposure test, severe cold atmosphere outdoor environment dynamic tensile fatigue loading test and severe cold atmosphere outdoor environment static exposure test are circulation in turn, and detailed circulation is as follows:
the dynamic tensile fatigue loading test in the alpine atmosphere outdoor environment is 30 minutes, the static exposure test in the alpine atmosphere outdoor environment, the dynamic tensile fatigue loading test in the alpine atmosphere outdoor environment is 30 minutes, and the static exposure test in the alpine atmosphere outdoor environment is … ….
(4) Alternate cycle test of dynamic tensile fatigue loading test in alpine atmosphere outdoor environment and static tensile load loading test in alpine atmosphere outdoor environment
Wherein, the dynamic tensile fatigue loading test parameters of the outdoor environment of the alpine atmosphere are as follows:
maximum tensile fatigue load: 0.7F, wherein F is the maximum tensile force of the plastic;
minimum tensile fatigue load: 0.4F, wherein F is the maximum tensile force of the plastic;
tensile fatigue loading frequency: 10 Hz;
tensile fatigue loading waveform: a sine wave;
and (3) test period: 10-30 days;
tensile fatigue loading time: load 30 minutes per day.
Static tensile load loading test parameters of the outdoor environment of the alpine atmosphere:
static tensile load: 0.7F, wherein F is the maximum tensile force of the plastic;
stress ratio: 1;
and (3) test period: 10-30 days;
static tensile load loading time: and after the dynamic tensile fatigue loading test in the alpine atmosphere outdoor environment, carrying out a static tensile load loading test in the alpine atmosphere outdoor environment.
Specifically constitute by severe cold atmosphere outdoor environment dynamic tensile fatigue loading test and severe cold atmosphere outdoor environment static tensile load loading test, severe cold atmosphere outdoor environment dynamic tensile fatigue loading test and severe cold atmosphere outdoor environment static tensile load loading test alternate cycle in proper order, and detailed circulation is as follows:
the dynamic tensile fatigue loading test in the alpine atmosphere outdoor environment is 30 minutes, the static tensile load loading test in the alpine atmosphere outdoor environment is 30 minutes, the dynamic tensile fatigue loading test in the alpine atmosphere outdoor environment is 30 minutes, and the static tensile load loading test in the alpine atmosphere outdoor environment is … ….
The method adopts the tensile strength as an evaluation index, takes the static exposure test result of the alpine atmosphere outdoor environment as a reference, and contrasts and analyzes the acceleration of the alpine atmosphere-tensile load coupling acceleration test method relative to the static exposure test of the alpine atmosphere outdoor environment.
Specifically, nylon 66 plastic is selected as a test piece, and an alternate cycle test of a dynamic tensile fatigue loading test and a static exposure test of the alpine atmosphere outdoor environment is taken as an example in the embodiment to illustrate the alpine atmosphere-tensile load coupling acceleration test method.
FIG. 3 is a comparison curve of tensile strength of two tests of nylon 66 plastic, and it can be seen that the tensile strength of the nylon 66 plastic is reduced by 53% in a 30-day high-cold atmospheric environment-tensile load coupling accelerated test; the tensile strength of the nylon 66 plastic is reduced by 22 percent in a static exposure test of 1 year in an outdoor environment with a high and cold atmosphere. The result shows that the acceleration rate of the alpine atmosphere-tensile load coupling acceleration test is more than 12 times compared with the static exposure test of the alpine atmosphere outdoor environment.
The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above, and the principles and embodiments of the present invention are explained herein by using specific examples, and the descriptions of the embodiments are only used to help understanding the principles of the embodiments of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the embodiments of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific implementation manners and application ranges, and in summary, the content of the present description should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A plastic high and cold atmospheric environment-tensile load coupling accelerated test method is characterized in that: the accelerated test method comprises the following steps:
(1) placing the test piece in an outdoor environment of high and cold atmosphere for a static tensile load loading test, and performing a continuous loading test on the test piece at a stress ratio of 1 and a static tensile load of 0.7F every day for a test period of 10-30 days;
(2) placing the test piece in the outdoor environment of the same atmosphere with the same altitude and cold to carry out an alternating cycle test comprising a dynamic tensile fatigue loading test and a static exposure test, loading the test piece for 30 minutes by using the maximum tensile fatigue load of 0.7F, the minimum tensile fatigue load of 0.4F, the frequency of 10Hz and the loading waveform as a sine wave every day, and carrying out the static exposure test at the rest time, wherein the test period is 10-30 days;
(3) placing the test piece in an outdoor environment with the same altitude and cold atmosphere for an alternating cycle test comprising a dynamic tensile fatigue loading test and a static tensile load loading test, loading the test piece for 30 minutes by using a maximum tensile fatigue load of 0.7F, a minimum tensile fatigue load of 0.4F, a frequency of 10Hz and a loading waveform as a sine wave every day, continuously and statically loading the test piece by using a stress ratio of 1 and a static tensile load of 0.7F in the rest time, and carrying out a test period of 10-30 days;
wherein F is the maximum tensile force of the plastic,
the test piece is subjected to tensile strength detection in each period, and the tensile strength is used as an environmental adaptability evaluation index of the plastic to evaluate the acceleration rate of an alternating cycle test of an alpine atmosphere outdoor environment static tensile load loading test, an alpine atmosphere outdoor environment dynamic tensile fatigue loading test and an alpine atmosphere outdoor environment static exposure test, and an alpine atmosphere outdoor environment dynamic tensile fatigue loading test and an alpine atmosphere outdoor environment static tensile load loading test relative to the alpine atmosphere outdoor environment static exposure test.
2. The plastic severe cold atmospheric environment-tensile load coupling accelerated test method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the static exposure test of the outdoor environment of the alpine atmosphere comprises the following steps:
and (3) placing the test piece in the same atmosphere outdoor environment with the same altitude and cold, enabling the test piece to face south and stand at an inclination angle of 45 degrees with the horizontal plane, and detecting the tensile strength of the test piece in each period, wherein the performance detection period is 3, 6, 9 and 12 months.
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| CN111982704A (en) * | 2020-07-03 | 2020-11-24 | 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 | Metal material marine climate environment-bending load cooperative acceleration test method |
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2021
- 2021-06-24 CN CN202110706758.7A patent/CN113295542A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2013011564A (en) * | 2011-06-30 | 2013-01-17 | Ihi Corp | Corrosion fatigue test apparatus |
| CN103528942A (en) * | 2013-10-28 | 2014-01-22 | 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 | Device for simulating drying-condensation alternation in photoaging test |
| CN106370532A (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2017-02-01 | 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 | Pulling, pressing and bending load coupled testing apparatus for outdoor environments of high-cold climates |
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