CN111254556A - Rapier loom capable of being used for weaving three-dimensional orthogonal fabric and weaving method thereof - Google Patents
Rapier loom capable of being used for weaving three-dimensional orthogonal fabric and weaving method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111254556A CN111254556A CN202010184742.XA CN202010184742A CN111254556A CN 111254556 A CN111254556 A CN 111254556A CN 202010184742 A CN202010184742 A CN 202010184742A CN 111254556 A CN111254556 A CN 111254556A
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D41/00—Looms not otherwise provided for, e.g. for weaving chenille yarn; Details peculiar to these looms
- D03D41/004—Looms for three-dimensional fabrics
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D25/00—Woven fabrics not otherwise provided for
- D03D25/005—Three-dimensional woven fabrics
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D49/00—Details or constructional features not specially adapted for looms of a particular type
- D03D49/04—Control of the tension in warp or cloth
- D03D49/12—Controlling warp tension by means other than let-off mechanisms
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rapier loom for weaving three-dimensional orthogonal fabrics and a weaving method thereof. The weaving mechanism is arranged at the downstream of the Z yarn guiding mechanism and the let-off mechanism and is matched with the rapier to weave the guided yarn into a three-dimensional orthogonal fabric. The Z yarn leading-in mechanism comprises a first yarn guide roller, a plurality of tension hammers and a yarn guide plate, the tension hammers are connected with the Z yarns to provide tension for the Z yarns in the weaving process, and at least two rows of yarn guide holes are formed in the yarn guide plate to penetrate the Z yarns so as to layer the Z yarns. The let-off mechanism comprises a warp beam, a second yarn guide roller and a lease rod. The second yarn guide roller is arranged at the downstream of the warp beam to guide the warp yarns, and the lease rod is arranged at the downstream of the second yarn guide roller to lease the warp yarns. The rapier loom can meet the tension required by Z yarns and warps in the weaving process, ensures uniform tension, and ensures that the fabric has good appearance effect, uniform warp and weft density, no obvious defects and good heat-conducting property.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fabric weaving, in particular to a rapier loom and a weaving method thereof, wherein the rapier loom can be used for weaving three-dimensional orthogonal fabrics.
Background
Under the promotion of new requirements of high-performance composite materials in the aerospace field, three-dimensional textile technology has been rapidly developed from the 80 s in the 20 th century. The composite material reinforced by the three-dimensional textile preformed body has excellent comprehensive mechanical property, higher damage tolerance and excellent ablation resistance, and provides wide prospect for the composite material applied to main bearing structural parts and multifunctional structural parts.
The three-dimensional woven material mostly adopts high-performance carbon fiber, glass fiber, basalt fiber and the like, and the weavability of the three-dimensional woven material is obviously different from that of the traditional cotton, hemp, silk, wool and various chemical fibers. The fiber has low elastic elongation and poor bundling property, and is easy to fluff, loosen and even break due to repeated stretching, bending and friction effects in the weaving process, so that the opening is not clear during weaving, the weaving is difficult to carry out, and the service performance of the three-dimensional woven material is influenced.
The traditional rapier loom has single function, only has a single warp beam, cannot control the tension of the connecting warps and the ground warps respectively, can only weave fabrics with small thickness, and has low weaving efficiency. In addition, in the three-dimensional orthogonal structure woven by the traditional weaving machine, the Z yarn cannot be completely vertical to the warp and weft yarns, the warp and weft yarns are difficult to stretch, and the structure cannot strictly meet the design requirement. And the special three-dimensional weaving machine can only weave three-dimensional woven fabrics, needs more warp beams for yarn supply and cannot weave single-layer fabrics.
The existing processing methods are all used for drafting warps or binding yarns in layers by a special drafting method, but warping is difficult easily to cause in the processing process, and the processing methods are not suitable for high-performance fibers with larger brittleness.
Therefore, in order to solve the technical problems of single function of the weaving machine and difficulty in weaving high-performance fibers in the weaving method in the prior art, a rapier loom and a weaving method for weaving three-dimensional orthogonal fabrics, which have simple process flow and do not affect the performance of the high-performance fibers, are needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the embodiment of the invention provides a rapier loom and a weaving method thereof for weaving three-dimensional orthogonal fabrics, which can meet different tensions required by Z yarns and warp yarns in the weaving process, ensure uniform tension, and ensure that the woven fabrics have good appearance effect, uniform warp and weft density, no obvious defects and good heat-conducting property.
The invention discloses a rapier loom for weaving three-dimensional orthogonal fabric, comprising: the weaving mechanism is arranged at the downstream of the Z yarn guiding mechanism and the let-off mechanism so as to be matched with the rapier to weave the guided yarn into a three-dimensional orthogonal fabric;
the Z yarn leading-in mechanism comprises a first yarn guide roller, a plurality of tension hammers and a yarn guide plate, the tension hammers are connected with the corresponding Z yarns to provide tension for the Z yarns in the weaving process, one ends of the Z yarns are connected with the corresponding tension hammers, the other ends of the Z yarns penetrate through the first yarn guide roller, the yarn guide plate is arranged at the downstream of the first yarn guide roller, and the yarn guide plate is provided with at least two rows of yarn guide holes for penetrating the Z yarns so as to layer the Z yarns penetrating through the first yarn guide roller;
the let-off mechanism comprises a warp beam for fixing warp yarns, a second yarn guide roller and a lease rod, the second yarn guide roller is arranged at the downstream of the warp beam to guide the warp yarns on the warp beam, and the lease rod is arranged at the downstream of the second yarn guide roller to lease the warp yarns penetrating through the second yarn guide roller;
the mass of the tension hammer is 300-500 g, so that the Z yarns can be arranged inside the three-dimensional orthogonal fabric, and the distribution inclination angle of the Z yarns in the three-dimensional orthogonal fabric is 80-90 degrees.
Preferably, weaving mechanism includes frame, a plurality of heald frame and reed, and is a plurality of the heald frame is located arrange in proper order along left right direction in the frame, and is a plurality of the heald frame is located let-off mechanism with the low reaches of Z yarn guiding-in mechanism is in order to penetrate the warp with the Z yarn, the reed is located the low reaches of rapier and can the horizontal hunting in order to with the woof that the rapier introduced pushes into the fell.
Preferably, the yarn guide plate is arranged at the position of 50-100 cm on the right side of the rack.
Preferably, two rows of yarn guide holes are transversely formed in the yarn guide plate, the distance between the two rows of yarn guide holes is 10-30 cm, and the diameter of each yarn guide hole is 5-20 mm.
Preferably, the two rows of yarn guide holes are respectively arranged close to the upper edge and the lower edge of the yarn guide plate.
Preferably, the width of the yarn guide plate is 20-40 cm, and the length of the yarn guide plate is consistent with the weaving width.
Preferably, the first yarn guide roller and the center point of the yarn guide plate are arranged at the same height.
The invention also provides a weaving method of the three-dimensional orthogonal fabric, which comprises the following steps:
calculating the number Rj of warp cycles and the number Rw of weft cycles according to the number n of warp layers of the fabric to be woven, wherein Rj is n +2, Rw is 2(n +1), n is more than or equal to 3, and preparing a card drawing according to Rj and Rw;
selecting a reed number m of a reed according to the weaving width x of the fabric to be woven, wherein m is 2, 4, 6, … and m, calculating the warping number, and warping the warp yarns, wherein the warping number is (2+ n) mx/2, and n is more than or equal to 3;
the warped warps pass through the heald frames corresponding to the warped warps and are fixed on a reeling device, wherein each layer of warps occupies one heald frame;
after the warp is fixed on the coiling device, adjusting the tension value of the warp to a first preset value;
classifying the Z yarns according to different trends of the Z yarns in the minimum organization circulating unit structure of the fabric, and fixing the classified Z yarns on the coiling device after penetrating through the heald frames corresponding to the classified Z yarns, wherein each type of Z yarns occupies one heald frame;
after the Z yarn is fixed on the coiling device, adjusting the tension value of the Z yarn to a second preset value;
after the steps are completed, enabling a plurality of heald frames to move according to the rule shown in the pattern drawing to form openings, respectively introducing weft yarns into the openings of all layers, and pushing the introduced weft yarns into a weaving opening to form the fabric after the weft yarns are introduced into all the layers of the fabric.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the heat conduction layers are uniformly and tightly distributed in the three-dimensional orthogonal fabric, so that the three-dimensional orthogonal fabric has good heat conduction performance. According to the rapier loom, the Z yarn tension is controlled by the Z yarn guiding mechanism, and the warp beam is arranged to control the warp tension, so that different tensions required by the Z yarn and the warp in the weaving process can be met, the tension is uniform, the friction and the entanglement between the Z yarn and the warp are reduced, the woven fabric has a good appearance effect, uniform warp and weft density and no obvious defects, the verticality of the Z yarn is good, the yarn is not split or broken in the weaving process, and the quality of the three-dimensional orthogonal woven fabric is improved.
In order to make the aforementioned and other objects, features and advantages of the invention comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the rapier loom of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the rapier loom of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the operation of the rapier loom according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a yarn guide plate in the rapier loom according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a three-dimensional orthogonal fabric in the warp direction according to examples 1 to 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a top view of a three-dimensional orthogonal fabric according to embodiments 1-3 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a three-dimensional orthogonal fabric in the warp direction according to example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a drawing of a three-dimensional orthogonal fabric according to example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a super depth of field map of a three-dimensional orthogonal fabric according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a super depth of field map of a three-dimensional orthogonal fabric according to example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a super depth of field map of a three-dimensional orthogonal fabric according to example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a super depth of field map of a three-dimensional orthogonal fabric according to example 4 of the present invention;
reference numerals of the above figures: 1-a first yarn guide roller; 2-a tension hammer; 3-a yarn guide plate; 4-Z yarn; 5-beam; 6-a second yarn guide roller; 7-a lease rod; 8-a frame; 9-heald frames; 10-reed; 11-a shedding device; 12-a heald returning device; 13-a reel; 14-three-dimensional orthogonal fabric; 15-warp yarns;
301-thread guide hole.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to FIGS. 1-4, the three-dimensional orthogonal fabric 14 of examples 1-4 was prepared using the following rapier loom.
The rapier loom comprises a Z yarn guiding mechanism, a let-off mechanism, a rapier and a weaving mechanism. The weaving mechanism is provided downstream of the Z yarn introduction mechanism and the let-off mechanism to weave the introduced yarn into the three-dimensional orthogonal fabric 14 in cooperation with the rapier.
The Z-yarn introducing mechanism includes a first yarn guide roller 1, a plurality of tension weights 2, and a yarn guide plate 3.
The number of the tension hammers 2 and the number of the Z yarns 4 are in one-to-one correspondence. The tension hammers 2 are connected to their corresponding Z yarns 4 to provide tension to the Z yarns 4 during the knitting process. The tension weight 2 is arranged to provide tension to the Z yarn 4 during weaving so that the Z yarn 4 has a better perpendicularity in the forming fabric. The weight of the tension weight 2 is 300-500 g, so that the Z yarn 4 can be arranged in the three-dimensional orthogonal fabric 14 without protruding relative to the fabric surface, and the distribution inclination angle of the Z yarn 4 in the three-dimensional orthogonal fabric 14 is 80-90 degrees. In the embodiment, the Z yarns 4 are made of materials with heat conduction performance, the Z yarns 4 have good verticality in the forming fabric, and the inclination angle of the Z yarns 4 can be close to 90 degrees, so that the Z yarns 4 in the forming fabric are distributed more tightly, and the forming fabric has better heat conduction performance.
The first yarn guide roller 1 is used for guiding and supporting the Z yarn 4, one end of the Z yarn 4 is connected with the corresponding tension hammer 2, and the other end of the Z yarn 4 penetrates through the first yarn guide roller 1.
A guide plate 3 is provided downstream of the first guide roller 1 to delaminate the Z-yarn 4 passing through the first guide roller 1. The first yarn guide roller 1 is arranged at the same height as the central point of the yarn guide plate 3 so as to penetrate and adjust the Z yarn 4. Two rows of yarn guide holes 301, namely an upper row of yarn guide holes and a lower row of yarn guide holes, are transversely arranged on the yarn guide plate 3, and the yarn guide holes 301 in each row are equidistantly arranged and uniformly distributed on the yarn guide plate 3. The Z yarns 4 penetrating through the first yarn guide roller 1 respectively pass through the upper row of yarn guide holes and the lower row of yarn guide holes, so that a plurality of Z yarns are arranged in two layers, and friction among the plurality of Z yarns in the weaving process is reduced.
The width of the yarn guide plate 3 is 20-40 cm, and the length of the yarn guide plate 3 is consistent with the weaving width. The yarn guide plate 3 has a certain width, so that a certain distance can be arranged between the upper row of yarn guide holes and the lower row of yarn guide holes 301, and a larger distance is reserved between the Z yarn layers divided into two layers by the yarn guide plate 3, so that the friction between the Z yarns in the weaving process is reduced, and the abrasion to the Z yarns 4 is reduced. The distance between the upper row of yarn guide holes and the lower row of yarn guide holes is 10-30 cm, and the diameter of each single yarn guide hole 301 is 5-20 mm, so that penetration of Z yarns of various specifications can be met. The upper row of yarn guide holes and the lower row of yarn guide holes are respectively arranged close to the upper edge and the lower edge of the yarn guide plate 3, so that the area of the yarn guide plate 3 can be utilized to the maximum extent.
The let-off mechanism comprises a warp beam 5, a second yarn guide roller 6 and a lease rod 7. Warp beam 5 is used to hold warp yarns 15 and to provide tension to warp yarns 15 during the weaving process. A second guide roller 6 is arranged downstream of the warp beam 5 to guide the warp threads 15 on the warp beam 5. A lease rod 7 is provided downstream of the second guide roller 6 to lease the warp threads 15 passing through the second guide roller 6.
The weaving mechanism is arranged at the downstream of the Z yarn leading-in mechanism and the let-off mechanism and is matched with the rapier to weave the led-in yarn. The weaving mechanism comprises a frame 8, a plurality of heald frames 9 and a reed 10.
The frame 8 is used to fix the respective components. The plurality of heald frames 9 are provided on the frame 8 and arranged in order in the left-right direction. The upper end of the heald frame 9 is connected with the frame 8 through a heald lifting device 11, the heald lifting device 11 comprises a heald lifting rod and a heald lifting rope, the heald lifting rope is connected with the upper end of the heald frame 9, the heald lifting rod is connected with the heald lifting rope, the heald lifting rod is connected with the frame 8, and the heald lifting device 11 drives the heald frame 9 to move upwards. The lower ends of the heald frames 9 are connected to the frame 8 via a return device 12, so that the heald frames 9 can be moved downwards. In the frame 8, motors are provided to enable the operation of the lifting device 11 and the return device 12.
A plurality of heald frames 9 are provided downstream of the let-off mechanism and the Z yarn introduction mechanism to penetrate the warp yarns 15 and the Z yarn 4, respectively. The rapier is provided downstream of the plurality of heald frames 9 to introduce the weft yarn. The reed 10 is provided downstream of the rapier and can swing left and right to push the weft yarn introduced by the rapier into the fell.
A take-up device is provided downstream of the weaving mechanism to take up the woven three-dimensional orthogonal fabric 14.
The yarn guide plate 3 is arranged at the position of 50-100 cm on the right side of the rack 8, so that the Z yarn 4 with a certain length has an unfolding space. In the weaving process, the Z yarn 4 is pulled leftwards, so that the yarn guide plate 3 moves leftwards, and the yarn guide plate 3 is arranged at the position 50-100 cm away from the right side of the rack 8, so that the yarn guide plate 3 can be prevented from impacting the rack 8.
The special three-dimensional weaving machine can only weave three-dimensional woven fabrics, needs more warp beams 5 for yarn supply, and cannot weave single-layer fabrics. In the three-dimensional orthogonal structure woven by the traditional loom, the Z yarn 4 cannot be completely vertical to the warp and weft yarns, the warp and weft yarns are difficult to stretch, and the structure cannot strictly meet the design requirement. The rapier loom can weave a single-layer fabric and can weave a plurality of layers of three-dimensional orthogonal fabrics 14. When weaving a single-layer fabric, a Z yarn guide mechanism is not required. In weaving the three-dimensional orthogonal fabric 14, the rapier loom of the present embodiment can control the tensions of the warp yarns 15 and the Z yarns 4, respectively, so that the Z yarns 4 can be perpendicular to the warp and weft yarns in the fabric.
The rapier loom of this embodiment adopts guide plate 3 to carry out the layering to Z yarn 4, adopts lease rod 7 to carry out the layering to warp 15, increases Z yarn 4 and warp 15's interval, reduces and weaves the friction and the entanglement between in-process warp 15 and the Z yarn 4.
The required tension of the Z-yarns 4 and warp yarns 15 is different during weaving. If both Z yarn 4 and warp yarn 15 are secured using warp beam 5, both Z yarn 4 and warp yarn 15 are provided with tension by warp beam 5, and the tension provided by warp beam 5 is the same and cannot satisfy both Z yarn 4 and warp yarn 15. If the tension on the beam 5 is too low, insufficient tension will be imparted to the warp yarns 15, defects will appear in the fabric reducing its quality, and a lower tension will cause the Z-yarns 4 to bulge relative to the fabric surface forming defects in the fabric surface. If the tension of the warp beam 5 is too large, poor perpendicularity of the Z yarn 4 is caused, and the inclination angle of the Z yarn 4 in the fabric is about 36 degrees, thereby affecting the heat-conducting performance of the fabric. Therefore, the embodiment is provided with the Z yarn guiding mechanism to control the tension of the Z yarn 4, and the warp beam 5 is arranged to control the tension of the warp yarn 15, so that different tensions required by the Z yarn 4 and the warp yarn 15 in the weaving process can be met, the woven fabric has good appearance effect, uniform warp and weft density, no obvious defect, good verticality of the Z yarn 4, no splitting or broken ends of the yarn in the weaving process, and the quality of the three-dimensional orthogonal woven fabric is improved.
Example 1
The weaving method of the three-dimensional orthogonal fabric comprises the following steps:
step one, warp yarns, weft yarns and Z yarns which meet the standard are selected, and the warp yarns, the weft yarns and the Z yarns are all carbon fiber T300.
And step two, calculating the number Rj of warp yarn cycles and the number Rw of weft yarn cycles according to the number n of the warp yarn layers of the fabric to be woven, wherein Rj is n +2, Rw is 2(n +1), n is larger than or equal to 3, and preparing a card drawing according to Rj and Rw. The number of warp layers in this embodiment is 4, the warp-wise cross-sectional view of the fabric is shown in fig. 5, and the machine diagram is shown in fig. 6, where Rj is 6 and Rw is 10.
And step three, selecting the reed number m of the reed according to the weaving width x of the fabric to be woven, wherein m is 2, 4, 6, … and m, calculating the warping number, and warping the warp yarns, wherein the warping number is (2+ n) mx/2, and n is more than or equal to 3. No. 4 reed is selected in the embodiment, the weaving width is 20cm, and the warping number is 240.
And step four, classifying the Z yarns according to different trends of the Z yarns in the minimum organization circulating unit structure of the fabric to be woven. In this example, the Z yarn direction is divided into two types, i.e., top-to-bottom and bottom-to-top, and the Z yarn is divided into 2 types.
And step five, calculating the required heald frame number. Each type of Z-yarn takes one harness, so Z-yarns require 2 harnesses. Each layer of warp yarns occupies one harness frame, so the warp yarns need 4 harness frames. The 2-leaf heald frames corresponding to the Z yarns are provided in the front zone and the 4-leaf heald frames corresponding to the warp yarns are provided in the rear zone.
And step six, determining the number of heddles of each page of heald frame.
For a 2-leaf harness corresponding to a Z yarn, the number of heddles is the same as the number of Z yarns threaded. The Z yarns of the embodiment are divided into 2 types, the number of the Z yarns of the 2 types in the minimum structure circulation unit structure is 1, the weaving width is 20cm, the number of the heddles on each heald frame is 30, and 60 tension hammers are needed in total.
For 4 heald frames corresponding to warp yarns, the weaving width and the number of warping are determined. In this embodiment, the number of warping is 240, and the number of warp layers is 4, so the number of warp corresponding to each heald frame is 40, i.e. 40 heddles need to be arranged on each heald frame.
Step seven, leading out warp yarns from a warp beam, penetrating the warp yarns through 4 healds in the back area according to an upper drawing after the warp yarns pass through a second yarn guide roller and a lease rod, and then fixing the warp yarns on a coiling device, and adjusting the tension value of the warp yarns to a first preset value after the warp yarns are fixed on the coiling device; the tension hammer is connected with one end of the Z yarn, the other end of the Z yarn penetrates through the first yarn guide roller, the Z yarn which penetrates through the first yarn guide roller is layered through the yarn guide plate and then penetrates through the two heald frames in the front area to be fixed on the coiling device, and the tension hammer with the mass of 300-500 g is connected with one end of the Z yarn, so that the tension value of the Z yarn can reach a second preset value to meet the tension required by the Z yarn in the weaving process.
Step eight, the motor controls each heald frame to move according to the pattern card to form an opening,
and respectively introducing weft yarns into the openings of all the layers, after all the layers of the fabric are introduced with the weft yarns, extending out when the rapier is opposite to the openings of the fabric to be woven, introducing the weft yarns of the layers through the weaving openings of the layers, beating up after all the layers of the fabric to be woven are introduced, and simultaneously pushing the rows of the weft yarns into the weaving openings to form the fabric.
The super depth of field map of the three-dimensional orthogonal fabric in this embodiment is shown in fig. 9.
Example 2
The weaving method of the three-dimensional orthogonal fabric comprises the following steps:
step one, warp yarns, weft yarns and Z yarns which meet the standard are selected, wherein the warp yarns and the weft yarns are made of carbon fibers T300, and the Z yarns are made of 0.2mm enameled copper wires.
And step two, calculating the number Rj of warp yarn cycles and the number Rw of weft yarn cycles according to the number n of the warp yarn layers of the fabric to be woven, wherein Rj is n +2, Rw is 2(n +1), n is larger than or equal to 3, and preparing a card drawing according to Rj and Rw. The number of warp layers in this embodiment is 4, the warp-wise cross-sectional view of the fabric is shown in fig. 5, and the machine diagram is shown in fig. 6, where Rj is 6 and Rw is 10.
And step three, selecting the reed number m of the reed according to the weaving width x of the fabric to be woven, wherein m is 2, 4, 6, … and m, calculating the warping number, and warping the warp yarns, wherein the warping number is (2+ n) mx/2, and n is more than or equal to 3. No. 4 reed is selected in the embodiment, the weaving width is 20cm, and the warping number is 240.
And step four, classifying the Z yarns according to different trends of the Z yarns in the minimum organization circulating unit structure of the fabric to be woven. In this example, the Z yarn direction is divided into two types, i.e., top-to-bottom and bottom-to-top, and the Z yarn is divided into 2 types.
And step five, calculating the required heald frame number. Each type of Z-yarn takes one harness, so Z-yarns require 2 harnesses. Each layer of warp yarns occupies one harness frame, so the warp yarns need 4 harness frames. The 2-leaf heald frames corresponding to the Z yarns are provided in the front zone and the 4-leaf heald frames corresponding to the warp yarns are provided in the rear zone.
And step six, determining the number of heddles of each page of heald frame.
For a 2-leaf harness corresponding to a Z yarn, the number of heddles is the same as the number of Z yarns threaded. The Z yarns of the embodiment are divided into 2 types, the number of the Z yarns of the 2 types in the minimum structure circulation unit structure is 1, the weaving width is 20cm, the number of the heddles on each heald frame is 30, and 60 tension hammers are needed in total.
For 4 heald frames corresponding to warp yarns, the weaving width and the number of warping are determined. In this embodiment, the number of warping is 240, and the number of warp layers is 4, so the number of warp corresponding to each heald frame is 40, i.e. 40 heddles need to be arranged on each heald frame.
Step seven, leading out warp yarns from a warp beam, penetrating the warp yarns through 4 healds in the back area according to an upper drawing after the warp yarns pass through a second yarn guide roller and a lease rod, and then fixing the warp yarns on a coiling device, and adjusting the tension value of the warp yarns to a first preset value after the warp yarns are fixed on the coiling device; the tension hammer is connected with one end of the Z yarn, the other end of the Z yarn penetrates through the first yarn guide roller, the Z yarn which penetrates through the first yarn guide roller is layered through the yarn guide plate and then penetrates through the two heald frames in the front area to be fixed on the coiling device, and the tension hammer with the mass of 300-500 g is connected with one end of the Z yarn, so that the tension value of the Z yarn can reach a second preset value to meet the tension required by the Z yarn in the weaving process.
And step eight, controlling each heald frame to move regularly by the motor according to the card drawing to form openings, respectively introducing weft yarns into the openings of each layer, after all layers of the fabric are introduced with the weft yarns, extending the rapier out when the rapier is opposite to the openings of the fabric to be woven, introducing the weft yarns of the layer through the weaving opening of the layer, beating up after all the layers of the fabric to be woven are introduced, and simultaneously pushing the row of weft yarns into the weaving opening to form the fabric.
The super depth of field map of the three-dimensional orthogonal fabric in this embodiment is shown in fig. 10.
Example 3
The weaving method of the three-dimensional orthogonal fabric comprises the following steps:
step one, warp yarns, weft yarns and Z yarns which meet the standard are selected, wherein the warp yarns and the weft yarns are made of carbon fibers T300, and the Z yarns are made of 0.2mm enameled copper wires for lining the carbon fibers T300.
And step two, calculating the number Rj of warp yarn cycles and the number Rw of weft yarn cycles according to the number n of the warp yarn layers of the fabric to be woven, wherein Rj is n +2, Rw is 2(n +1), n is larger than or equal to 3, and preparing a card drawing according to Rj and Rw. The number of warp layers in this embodiment is 4, the warp-wise cross-sectional view of the fabric is shown in fig. 5, and the machine diagram is shown in fig. 6, where Rj is 6 and Rw is 10.
And step three, selecting the reed number m of the reed according to the weaving width x of the fabric to be woven, wherein m is 2, 4, 6, … and m, calculating the warping number, and warping the warp yarns, wherein the warping number is (2+ n) mx/2, and n is more than or equal to 3. No. 4 reed is selected in the embodiment, the weaving width is 20cm, and the warping number is 240.
And step four, classifying the Z yarns according to different trends of the Z yarns in the minimum organization circulating unit structure of the fabric to be woven. In this example, the Z yarn direction is divided into two types, i.e., top-to-bottom and bottom-to-top, and the Z yarn is divided into 2 types.
And step five, calculating the required heald frame number. Each type of Z-yarn takes one harness, so Z-yarns require 2 harnesses. Each layer of warp yarns occupies one harness frame, so the warp yarns need 4 harness frames. The 2-leaf heald frames corresponding to the Z yarns are provided in the front zone and the 4-leaf heald frames corresponding to the warp yarns are provided in the rear zone.
And step six, determining the number of heddles of each page of heald frame.
For a 2-leaf harness corresponding to a Z yarn, the number of heddles is the same as the number of Z yarns threaded. The Z yarns of the embodiment are divided into 2 types, the number of the Z yarns of the 2 types in the minimum structure circulation unit structure is 1, the weaving width is 20cm, the number of the heddles on each heald frame is 30, and 60 tension hammers are needed in total.
For 4 heald frames corresponding to warp yarns, the weaving width and the number of warping are determined. In this embodiment, the number of warping is 240, and the number of warp layers is 4, so the number of warp corresponding to each heald frame is 40, i.e. 40 heddles need to be arranged on each heald frame.
Step seven, leading out warp yarns from a warp beam, penetrating the warp yarns through 4 healds in the back area according to an upper drawing after the warp yarns pass through a second yarn guide roller and a lease rod, and then fixing the warp yarns on a coiling device, and adjusting the tension value of the warp yarns to a first preset value after the warp yarns are fixed on the coiling device; the tension hammer is connected with one end of the Z yarn, the other end of the Z yarn penetrates through the first yarn guide roller, the Z yarn which penetrates through the first yarn guide roller is layered through the yarn guide plate and then penetrates through the two heald frames in the front area to be fixed on the coiling device, and the tension hammer with the mass of 300-500 g is connected with one end of the Z yarn, so that the tension value of the Z yarn can reach a second preset value to meet the tension required by the Z yarn in the weaving process.
Step eight, the motor controls each heald frame to move according to the pattern card to form an opening,
and respectively introducing weft yarns into the openings of all the layers, after all the layers of the fabric are introduced with the weft yarns, extending out when the rapier is opposite to the openings of the fabric to be woven, introducing the weft yarns of the layers through the weaving openings of the layers, beating up after all the layers of the fabric to be woven are introduced, and simultaneously pushing the rows of the weft yarns into the weaving openings to form the fabric.
The super depth of field map of the three-dimensional orthogonal fabric in this embodiment is shown in fig. 11.
Example 4
The weaving method of the three-dimensional orthogonal fabric comprises the following steps:
step one, warp yarns, weft yarns and Z yarns which meet the standard are selected, and the warp yarns, the weft yarns and the Z yarns are all carbon fiber T300.
And step two, calculating the number Rj of warp yarn cycles and the number Rw of weft yarn cycles according to the number n of the warp yarn layers of the fabric to be woven, wherein Rj is n +2, Rw is 2(n +1), n is larger than or equal to 3, and preparing a card drawing according to Rj and Rw. The number of warp layers in this embodiment is 6, the warp-wise cross-sectional view of the fabric is shown in fig. 7, and the machine diagram is shown in fig. 8, where Rj is 8 and Rw is 14.
And step three, selecting the reed number m of the reed according to the weaving width x of the fabric to be woven, wherein m is 2, 4, 6, … and m, calculating the warping number, and warping the warp yarns, wherein the warping number is (2+ n) mx/2, and n is more than or equal to 3. No. 4 reed is selected in the embodiment, the weaving width is 20cm, and the warping number is 320.
And step four, classifying the Z yarns according to different trends of the Z yarns in the minimum organization circulating unit structure of the fabric to be woven. In this example, the Z yarn direction is divided into two types, i.e., top-to-bottom and bottom-to-top, and the Z yarn is divided into 2 types.
And step five, calculating the required heald frame number. Each type of Z-yarn takes one harness, so Z-yarns require 2 harnesses. Each layer of warp yarns occupies one harness frame, so the warp yarns need 4 harness frames. The 2-leaf heald frames corresponding to the Z yarns are provided in the front zone and the 4-leaf heald frames corresponding to the warp yarns are provided in the rear zone.
And step six, determining the number of heddles of each page of heald frame.
For a 2-leaf harness corresponding to a Z yarn, the number of heddles is the same as the number of Z yarns threaded. The Z yarns of the embodiment are divided into 2 types, the number of the Z yarns of the 2 types in the minimum structure circulation unit structure is 1, the weaving width is 20cm, the number of the heddles on each heald frame is 30, and therefore, 40 tension hammers are needed in total.
For 4 heald frames corresponding to warp yarns, the weaving width and the number of warping are determined. In this embodiment, the number of warping is 240, and the number of warp layers is 4, so the number of warp corresponding to each heald frame is 40, i.e. 40 heddles need to be arranged on each heald frame.
Step seven, leading out warp yarns from a warp beam, penetrating the warp yarns through 4 healds in the back area according to an upper drawing after the warp yarns pass through a second yarn guide roller and a lease rod, and then fixing the warp yarns on a coiling device, and adjusting the tension value of the warp yarns to a first preset value after the warp yarns are fixed on the coiling device; the tension hammer is connected with one end of the Z yarn, the other end of the Z yarn penetrates through the first yarn guide roller, the Z yarn which penetrates through the first yarn guide roller is layered through the yarn guide plate and then penetrates through the two heald frames in the front area to be fixed on the coiling device, and the tension hammer with the mass of 300-500 g is connected with one end of the Z yarn, so that the tension value of the Z yarn can reach a second preset value to meet the tension required by the Z yarn in the weaving process.
And step eight, controlling each heald frame to move regularly by the motor according to the card drawing to form openings, respectively introducing weft yarns into the openings of each layer, after all layers of the fabric are introduced with the weft yarns, extending the rapier out when the rapier is opposite to the openings of the fabric to be woven, introducing the weft yarns of the layer through the weaving opening of the layer, beating up after all the layers of the fabric to be woven are introduced, and simultaneously pushing the row of weft yarns into the weaving opening to form the fabric.
The super depth of field map of the three-dimensional orthogonal fabric in this embodiment is shown in fig. 12.
The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying specific embodiments in the invention, and the description of the embodiments is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A rapier loom for weaving three-dimensional orthogonal fabrics, comprising: the weaving mechanism is arranged at the downstream of the Z yarn guiding mechanism and the let-off mechanism so as to be matched with the rapier to weave the guided yarn into a three-dimensional orthogonal fabric;
the Z yarn leading-in mechanism comprises a first yarn guide roller, a plurality of tension hammers and a yarn guide plate, the tension hammers are connected with the corresponding Z yarns to provide tension for the Z yarns in the weaving process, one ends of the Z yarns are connected with the corresponding tension hammers, the other ends of the Z yarns penetrate through the first yarn guide roller, the yarn guide plate is arranged at the downstream of the first yarn guide roller, and the yarn guide plate is provided with at least two rows of yarn guide holes for penetrating the Z yarns so as to layer the Z yarns penetrating through the first yarn guide roller;
the let-off mechanism comprises a warp beam for fixing warp yarns, a second yarn guide roller and a lease rod, the second yarn guide roller is arranged at the downstream of the warp beam to guide the warp yarns on the warp beam, and the lease rod is arranged at the downstream of the second yarn guide roller to lease the warp yarns penetrating through the second yarn guide roller;
the mass of the tension hammer is 300-500 g, so that the Z yarns can be arranged inside the three-dimensional orthogonal fabric, and the distribution inclination angle of the Z yarns in the three-dimensional orthogonal fabric is 80-90 degrees.
2. The rapier loom according to claim 1, wherein said weaving mechanism comprises a frame, a plurality of heald frames and a reed, said plurality of heald frames are arranged on said frame and arranged in sequence in the left-right direction, said plurality of heald frames are arranged at the downstream of said let-off mechanism and said Z yarn introducing mechanism to penetrate said warp yarn and said Z yarn, said reed is arranged at the downstream of said rapier and can swing left and right to push the weft yarn introduced by said rapier into the weaving opening.
3. The rapier loom capable of being used for weaving three-dimensional orthogonal fabric according to claim 2, wherein said yarn guide plate is placed at the right side of said frame at 50-100 cm.
4. The rapier loom capable of being used for weaving three-dimensional orthogonal fabrics according to claim 1, wherein two rows of yarn guide holes are transversely arranged on the yarn guide plate, the distance between the two rows of yarn guide holes is 10-30 cm, and the diameter of the yarn guide holes is 5-20 mm.
5. The rapier loom capable of being used for weaving three-dimensional orthogonal fabrics according to claim 1, wherein two rows of said yarn guide holes are provided near upper and lower edges of said yarn guide plate, respectively.
6. The rapier loom capable of being used for weaving three-dimensional orthogonal fabric according to claim 1, wherein said guide plate has a width of 20-40 cm and a length corresponding to a weaving width.
7. The rapier loom capable of being used for weaving three-dimensional orthogonal fabric according to claim 1, wherein said first yarn guide roller is disposed at the same height as the center point of said yarn guide plate.
8. A method of weaving a three-dimensional orthogonal fabric, comprising the steps of:
calculating the number Rj of warp cycles and the number Rw of weft cycles according to the number n of warp layers of the fabric to be woven, wherein Rj is n +2, Rw is 2(n +1), n is more than or equal to 3, and preparing a card drawing according to Rj and Rw;
selecting a reed number m of a reed according to the weaving width x of the fabric to be woven, wherein m is 2, 4, 6, … and m, calculating the warping number, and warping the warp yarns, wherein the warping number is (2+ n) mx/2, and n is more than or equal to 3;
the warped warps pass through the heald frames corresponding to the warped warps and are fixed on a reeling device, wherein each layer of warps occupies one heald frame;
after the warp is fixed on the coiling device, adjusting the tension value of the warp to a first preset value;
classifying the Z yarns according to different trends of the Z yarns in the minimum organization circulating unit structure of the fabric, and fixing the classified Z yarns on the coiling device after penetrating through the heald frames corresponding to the classified Z yarns, wherein each type of Z yarns occupies one heald frame;
after the Z yarn is fixed on the coiling device, adjusting the tension value of the Z yarn to a second preset value;
after the steps are completed, enabling a plurality of heald frames to move according to the rule shown in the pattern drawing to form openings, respectively introducing weft yarns into the openings of all layers, and pushing the introduced weft yarns into a weaving opening to form the fabric after the weft yarns are introduced into all the layers of the fabric.
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| CN113296389A (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2021-08-24 | 河北工业大学 | Rapier loom software system based on mu C/OS-III |
| CN113584683A (en) * | 2021-08-06 | 2021-11-02 | 南京航空航天大学 | High-precision profiling control device and method for rotary special-shaped body preform |
| CN114790603A (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2022-07-26 | 常州市赛嘉机械有限公司 | False weft mechanism of double-layer rapier loom and threading method thereof |
| CN114808246A (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2022-07-29 | 绍兴市柯桥区西纺纺织产业创新研究院 | Bobbin creel direct-supply warp shaftless tooth-shaped opening disc weaving device with servo motor |
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| CN113584683A (en) * | 2021-08-06 | 2021-11-02 | 南京航空航天大学 | High-precision profiling control device and method for rotary special-shaped body preform |
| CN114790603A (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2022-07-26 | 常州市赛嘉机械有限公司 | False weft mechanism of double-layer rapier loom and threading method thereof |
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