CN111248203A - Application of tea saponin in improving crop yield and method for improving crop yield by using tea saponin - Google Patents

Application of tea saponin in improving crop yield and method for improving crop yield by using tea saponin Download PDF

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CN111248203A
CN111248203A CN202010142033.5A CN202010142033A CN111248203A CN 111248203 A CN111248203 A CN 111248203A CN 202010142033 A CN202010142033 A CN 202010142033A CN 111248203 A CN111248203 A CN 111248203A
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tea saponin
tea
soil
transplanting
saponin
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周学永
付荣霞
董建萍
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Tianjin Agricultural University
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Tianjin Agricultural University
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
    • A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
    • A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/15—Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach 
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07J—STEROIDS
    • C07J63/00—Steroids in which the cyclopenta(a)hydrophenanthrene skeleton has been modified by expansion of only one ring by one or two atoms
    • C07J63/008—Expansion of ring D by one atom, e.g. D homo steroids

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  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
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  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to application of tea saponin in improving crop yield and a method for improving crop yield by using the tea saponin. The application of the tea saponin in the aspect of improving the crop yield can improve the crop yield by applying the tea saponin in a seed soaking and root soaking mode before planting, or a transplanting and hilling mode, or a leaf surface spraying mode on seedlings after transplanting.

Description

Application of tea saponin in improving crop yield and method for improving crop yield by using tea saponin
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of application of natural plant growth regulators, and particularly relates to application of tea saponin in the aspect of improving crop yield and a method for improving the crop yield by using the tea saponin.
Background
Tea saponin, also called tea saponin, is a kind of natural glycoside compound extracted from seeds of Theaceae plants (such as tea, camellia and oil tea), the basic carbon frame is oleanane type pentacyclic triterpene compound, which is composed of aglycone, sugar and organic acid, the aglycone is β -amyrin derivative, more than 10 kinds of tea saponin aglycone have been separated and identified at present, the sugar is composed of glucose, xylose and galactose, the hydroxyl on the aglycone is combined with cinnamic acid, acetic acid and other organic acids into ester.
Because the tea saponin has certain hemolytic, insect-resistant and bactericidal effects, the tea saponin is applied to the field of pesticides to a certain extent and mainly embodied in four aspects: the solid pesticide is used as a wetting agent and a suspending agent to improve the wetting and suspending performances of the preparation in water; secondly, the pesticide is used as a synergist and a spreader in missible oil type pesticides, for example, the ratio of tea saponin to monosultap is 1: 3, the mixture shows obvious synergistic effect on leafhoppers and armyworms; thirdly, the camellia saponin is used as a cosolvent in herbicide pesticides or pesticides slightly soluble in water, and the surface activity of the camellia saponin is stronger because the HLB value of the camellia saponin is about 16; and fourthly, the saponin can be directly used as biological pesticide and the like, for example, the tea saponin can be used as a bacteriostatic agent, a pesticide preparation for killing oncomelania and earthworms.
Although the tea saponin is applied in the field of pesticides, the application range of the tea saponin in the aspects of bacteriostasis and pest resistance is small due to the low activity of direct action.
Through searching, no patent publication related to the present patent application has been found.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides application of tea saponin in improving crop yield and a method for improving the crop yield by using the tea saponin.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
application of tea saponin in increasing crop yield is provided.
Furthermore, the tea saponin comprises one or more pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin compounds, and the basic mother nucleus structure of the tea saponin compounds is as follows:
Figure BDA0002399440100000021
wherein R is1、R2、R3Represents different radicals, wherein R1Is OH, H, Ac (i.e. acetate group), R2Is H or Ac, R3Ac or H, and the connection mode is as follows:
serial number R1 R2 R3
1 OH H Ac
2 OH Ac Ac
3 OH H H
4 Ac H H
5 H Ac H
6 H H H
7 Ac H H
。
Moreover, the preparation steps of the tea saponin are as follows:
⑴ extracting tea saponin, namely drying and crushing oil tea seed cake, sieving with a 40-mesh sieve for later use, placing the oil tea powder in a Soxhlet extraction device, carrying out reflux extraction for 4-6h by using petroleum ether at the constant temperature of 80-90 ℃ to remove residual oil in the raw materials, ventilating and naturally drying the oil tea seed cake powder after oil extraction, adding 60-70% methanol solution into the degreased tea seed cake powder, heating and extracting for 1-2h in water bath at the temperature of 60-70 ℃ according to the ratio g of the degreased tea seed cake powder to the methanol solution, wherein the ratio g to mL is 1: 10, and carrying out suction filtration by using a Buchner funnel to obtain tea saponin filtrate;
⑵ drying tea saponin by rotary evaporating at 65-75 deg.C, recovering methanol, and freeze drying the concentrated solution to obtain brown tea saponin product.
Moreover, the crop is tomato, potato, Chinese cabbage or celery.
Moreover, the applications are:
root soaking treatment of tea saponin: dissolving tea saponin in water to obtain tea saponin with concentration of 0.5-10 g/L; soaking the roots of the crop seedlings in the tea saponin solution, maintaining for 1-10 minutes, then fishing out, naturally airing for 0.5-5 hours, and transplanting according to a conventional method;
and/or transplanting and hilling the tea saponin: grinding the dried soil, and sieving with a 20-mesh sieve; taking the sieved soil, adding tea saponin, fully and uniformly mixing, and sieving the soil: the mass ratio of the tea saponin is 1000-2000: 0.1-1.0, used for burying soil during crop transplanting; transplanting crop seedlings into soil pits, burying and protecting roots of each seedling by using landfill soil mixed with tea saponin, managing according to a conventional method, and harvesting;
and/or, carrying out leaf surface spraying treatment on the tea saponin: weighing tea saponin, dissolving in distilled water to obtain 0.5-3.0g/L tea saponin solution; spraying leaf surface with tea saponin solution 7-15 days after crop emergence, with spraying amount of 1.5 × 10 per mu4And mL, and then managing and harvesting according to a conventional method.
A method for increasing crop yield by using tea saponin comprises the following steps:
root soaking treatment of tea saponin: dissolving tea saponin in water to obtain tea saponin with concentration of 0.5-10 g/L; soaking the roots of the seedlings in the tea saponin solution for 1-10 minutes, then fishing out the seedlings, naturally airing the seedlings for 0.5-5 hours, and transplanting the seedlings according to a conventional method.
A method for increasing crop yield by using tea saponin comprises the following steps:
tea saponin transplanting and hilling treatment: grinding the dried soil, and sieving with a 20-mesh sieve; taking the sieved soil, adding tea saponin, fully and uniformly mixing, and sieving the soil: the mass ratio of the tea saponin is 1000: 0.1-1.0, used for burying soil during crop transplanting; transplanting crop seedlings into soil pits, burying each seedling in landfill soil mixed with tea saponin for protecting roots, managing according to a conventional method, and harvesting.
A method for increasing crop yield by using tea saponin comprises the following steps:
tea saponin leaf surface spraying treatment: weighing tea saponin, dissolving in distilled water to obtain 0.5-3.0g/L tea saponin solution; spraying leaf surface with tea saponin solution 7-15 days after crop emergence, with spraying amount of 1.5 × 10 per mu4mL, thereafter as usualManaging and harvesting.
A method for increasing crop yield by using tea saponin comprises the following steps:
⑴ soaking root of tea saponin, dissolving tea saponin in water to get tea saponin solution with concentration of 0.5-10g/L, soaking the root of seedling in the tea saponin solution for 1-10 min, taking out, naturally airing for 0.5-5h, and transplanting by conventional method;
⑵ tea saponin transplanting and hilling treatment, grinding dry soil, sieving with a 20-mesh sieve, taking the sieved soil, adding tea saponin, mixing well, wherein the mass ratio of the sieved soil to the tea saponin is 1000: 0.1-1.0, and the tea saponin is used for the landfill soil during crop transplanting;
⑶ leaf surface spray treatment of tea saponin comprises weighing tea saponin, dissolving in distilled water to obtain 0.5-3.0g/L tea saponin solution, and spraying leaf surface with tea saponin solution at a spray rate of 1.5 × 10/mu after crop emergence for 7-15 days4And mL, and then managing and harvesting according to a conventional method.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
1. the application of the tea saponin in the aspect of improving the crop yield can improve the crop yield by applying the tea saponin in a seed soaking and root soaking mode before planting, or a transplanting and hilling mode, or a leaf surface spraying mode on seedlings after transplanting.
2. The invention provides a new method for improving crop yield by tea saponin, which utilizes the regulation effect of the tea saponin on crop growth to improve the crop yield by soaking seeds before sowing, or transplanting and hilling treatment, or spraying leaf surfaces of seedlings after transplanting. More importantly, the method for improving the crop yield can achieve the purpose of improving the yield only by applying the pesticide once before planting or after emergence of seedlings, and greatly reduces the pesticide application cost. The crops in the invention mainly refer to tomatoes, potatoes, Chinese cabbages, celery and other crops.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided for the purpose of illustration and not limitation, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
The raw materials used in the invention are conventional commercial products unless otherwise specified; the methods used in the present invention are conventional in the art unless otherwise specified.
Application of tea saponin in increasing crop yield is provided.
Preferably, the tea saponin comprises one or more pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin compounds, and the basic mother nucleus structure of the tea saponin is as follows:
Figure BDA0002399440100000041
wherein R is1、R2、R3Represents different radicals, wherein R1Is OH, H, Ac, R2Is H or Ac, R3Ac or H, and the connection mode is as follows:
serial number R1 R2 R3
1 OH H Ac
2 OH Ac Ac
3 OH H H
4 Ac H H
5 H Ac H
6 H H H
7 Ac H H
。
Preferably, the preparation steps of the tea saponin are as follows:
⑴ extracting tea saponin, namely drying and crushing oil tea seed cake, sieving with a 40-mesh sieve for later use, placing the oil tea powder in a Soxhlet extraction device, carrying out reflux extraction for 4-6h by using petroleum ether at the constant temperature of 80-90 ℃ to remove residual oil in the raw materials, ventilating and naturally drying the oil tea seed cake powder after oil extraction, adding 60-70% methanol solution into the degreased tea seed cake powder, heating and extracting for 1-2h in water bath at the temperature of 60-70 ℃ according to the ratio g of the degreased tea seed cake powder to the methanol solution, wherein the ratio g to mL is 1: 10, and carrying out suction filtration by using a Buchner funnel to obtain tea saponin filtrate;
⑵ drying tea saponin by rotary evaporating at 65-75 deg.C, recovering methanol, and freeze drying the concentrated solution to obtain brown tea saponin product.
Preferably, the crop is tomato, potato, Chinese cabbage or celery.
Preferably, the application is:
root soaking treatment of tea saponin: dissolving tea saponin in water to obtain tea saponin with concentration of 0.5-10 g/L; soaking the roots of the crop seedlings in the tea saponin solution, maintaining for 1-10 minutes, then fishing out, naturally airing for 0.5-5 hours, and transplanting according to a conventional method;
and/or transplanting and hilling the tea saponin: grinding the dried soil, and sieving with a 20-mesh sieve; taking the sieved soil, adding tea saponin, fully and uniformly mixing, and sieving the soil: the mass ratio of the tea saponin is 1000: 0.1-1.0, used for burying soil during crop transplanting; transplanting crop seedlings into soil pits, burying and protecting roots of each seedling by using landfill soil mixed with tea saponin, managing according to a conventional method, and harvesting;
and/or, carrying out leaf surface spraying treatment on the tea saponin: weighing tea saponin, dissolving in distilled water to obtain 0.5-3.0g/L tea saponin solution; spraying leaf surface with tea saponin solution 7-15 days after crop emergence, with spraying amount of 1.5 × 10 per mu4And mL, and then managing and harvesting according to a conventional method.
A method for increasing crop yield by using tea saponin comprises the following steps:
root soaking treatment of tea saponin: dissolving tea saponin in water to obtain tea saponin with concentration of 0.5-10 g/L; soaking the roots of the seedlings in the tea saponin solution for 1-10 minutes, then fishing out the seedlings, naturally airing the seedlings for 0.5-5 hours, and transplanting the seedlings according to a conventional method.
A method for increasing crop yield by using tea saponin comprises the following steps:
tea saponin transplanting and hilling treatment: grinding the dried soil, and sieving with a 20-mesh sieve; taking the sieved soil, adding tea saponin, fully and uniformly mixing, and sieving the soil: the mass ratio of the tea saponin is 1000: 0.1-1.0, used for burying soil during crop transplanting; transplanting crop seedlings into soil pits, burying each seedling in landfill soil mixed with tea saponin for protecting roots, managing according to a conventional method, and harvesting.
A method for increasing crop yield by using tea saponin comprises the following steps:
tea saponin leaf surface spraying treatment: weighing tea saponin, dissolving in distilled water to obtain 0.5-3.0g/L tea saponin solution; spraying leaf surface with tea saponin solution 7-15 days after crop emergence, with spraying amount of 1.5 × 10 per mu4And mL, and then managing and harvesting according to a conventional method.
A method for increasing crop yield by using tea saponin comprises the following steps:
⑴ soaking root of tea saponin, dissolving tea saponin in water to get tea saponin solution with concentration of 0.5-10g/L, soaking the root of seedling in the tea saponin solution for 1-10 min, taking out, naturally airing for 0.5-5h, and transplanting by conventional method;
⑵ tea saponin transplanting and hilling treatment, grinding dry soil, sieving with a 20-mesh sieve, taking the sieved soil, adding tea saponin, mixing well, wherein the mass ratio of the sieved soil to the tea saponin is 1000: 0.1-1.0, and the tea saponin is used for the landfill soil during crop transplanting;
⑶ leaf surface spray treatment of tea saponin comprises weighing tea saponin, dissolving in distilled water to obtain 0.5-3.0g/L tea saponin solution, and spraying leaf surface with tea saponin solution at a spray rate of 1.5 × 10/mu after crop emergence for 7-15 days4And mL, and then managing and harvesting according to a conventional method.
More specifically, the preparation and detection are as follows:
example 1
A method for increasing crop yield by using tea saponin comprises the following steps:
sowing the tomato seeds in a scattering mode, taking out the tomato seedlings when the seedling age of the tomato is 3-5 leaves, removing soil at the roots as much as possible, and treating the seedlings according to the following modes:
root soaking before transplanting: preparing aqueous solution of tea saponin with concentration of 1g/L and 2g/L, respectively, and soaking the root of tomato seedling in the tea saponin solution for 1 min. And taking out the tomato seedlings after root soaking, spreading the tomato seedlings on the ground, naturally standing for 1 hour for transplanting, managing according to a conventional method, picking fruits after 3 months of growth, and counting the yield as shown in table 1.
Transplanting and ridging: before transplanting the tomato seedlings, 0.5g of tea saponin is mixed with 1000g of soil uniformly in advance to be used as transplanting hilling. When tomato seedlings are transplanted, about 200g of tea saponin soil is used for filling and protecting roots of each seedling. The fruits were picked after 3 months of growth, managed according to the conventional method, and the yield statistics are shown in table 2.
Spraying leaves: weighing tea saponin 15g, dissolving in 1.5 × 104mL distilled water. Spraying tea saponin solution to tomato seedlings 3 days after transplanting the tomato seedlings, wherein the spraying amount per mu is 1.5 multiplied by 104And (mL). The fruits were picked after 3 months of growth, managed according to the conventional method, and the yield statistics are shown in table 3.
TABLE 1 influence of tea saponin root-soaking treatment on tomato yield
Treatment agent Processing method Concentration of preparation (g/L) Yield per mu (kg/667 m)2)
Tea saponin Root soaking 1 3168.9
Root soaking 2 3542.7
Control Is not processed - 2748.3
As can be seen from the results in Table 1, the tomato was not treated with the agent, and the yield per mu was 2748.3 kg; after the root soaking treatment is carried out on the tomato by the tea saponin with the concentration of 0.5g/L and 1.0g/L, the per mu yield of the tomato is 3168.9kg and 3542.7kg respectively, the yield is increased by 15.3 percent and 28.9 percent, and the improvement range is obvious.
TABLE 2 influence of tea saponin ridging treatment on tomato yield
Treatment agent Processing method Concentration of formulation (g/kg) Yield per mu (kg/667 m)2)
Tea saponin Ridging 0.5 2966.5
Control Is not processed - 2748.3
As can be seen from the results in Table 2, the tomato was not treated with the agent, and the yield per mu was 2748.3 kg; after the root burying treatment is carried out on the tea saponin soil with the concentration of 0.5g/kg, the per mu yield of the tomatoes is improved to 2966.5kg, and the yield is increased by 7.9 percent.
TABLE 3 Effect of tea saponin leaf spray treatment on tomato yield
Treatment agent Processing method Concentration of preparation (g/L) Yield per mu (kg/667 m)2)
Tea saponin Spray blade 1 3217.6
Control Is not processed - 2748.3
As can be seen from the results in Table 3, the tomato was not treated with the drug, and the acre yield was 2748.3 kg; after the tea saponin solution with the concentration of 1.0g/L is sprayed with leaves, the per mu yield of the tomatoes is improved to 3217.6kg, and the yield is increased by 17.1 percent.
Example 2
A method for increasing crop yield by using tea saponin comprises the following steps:
weighing 10g of tea saponin, and mixing with 20,000g of sieved soil. The potato seed blocks are planted in holes formed in the field, one potato seed block is placed in each hole, and then soil containing tea saponin is used for burying. After this time, the potatoes were harvested after 4 months of growth and the yield was counted according to the conventional management method, and the results are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 influence of tea saponin burying treatment on potato yield
Figure BDA0002399440100000081
As can be seen from Table 4, the yield of potato without tea saponin treatment was 1302.8 kg/acre, whereas the yield of potato was increased when the potato pieces were buried in the soil containing tea saponin. When the tea saponin content in the landfill soil is 0.5g/kg, the per mu yield of the potatoes is 1430.4kg/667m2The yield is increased by 9.79%; when the tea saponin content in the landfill soil is 1.0g/kg, the per mu yield of the potatoes is 1511.3kg/667m2And the yield is increased by 16.00 percent. Therefore, the tea saponin has the effect of increasing the yield of the potatoes.
Example 3
A method for increasing crop yield by using tea saponin comprises the following steps:
sowing Chinese cabbage seeds in a broadcasting mode, digging out Chinese cabbage seedlings when the Chinese cabbage grows to be about 15cm high, removing soil at the roots as much as possible, and treating the seedlings according to the following modes:
root soaking before transplanting: preparing aqueous solution of tea saponin with concentration of 1.5g/L, and soaking the root of Chinese cabbage seedling in the tea saponin solution for 1 min. And taking out the Chinese cabbage seedlings soaked with the roots, spreading the Chinese cabbage seedlings on the ground, naturally standing for 1 hour for transplanting, managing according to a conventional method, harvesting after 2 months of growth, and counting the yield as shown in Table 5.
Transplanting and ridging: before transplanting the Chinese cabbage seedlings, 0.5g of tea saponin is mixed with 1000g of soil uniformly in advance to be used as transplanting hilling. When the Chinese cabbage seedlings are transplanted, about 200g of tea saponin soil is used for burying and protecting the roots of each seedling. The seeds were harvested after 2 months of growth and managed according to the conventional method, and the yield statistics are shown in Table 6.
Spraying leaves: weighing tea saponin 15g, dissolving in 1.5 × 104mL distilled water. After 3 days of transplanting the Chinese cabbage seedlings, spraying the Chinese cabbage seedlings with the tea saponin solution, wherein the spraying amount per mu is 1.5 multiplied by 104And (mL). The seeds were harvested after 2 months of growth and managed according to the conventional method, and the yield statistics are shown in Table 7.
TABLE 5 influence of tea saponin root-soaking treatment on Chinese cabbage yield
Treatment agent Processing method Concentration of preparation (g/L) Yield per mu (kg/667 m)2)
Tea saponin Root soaking 1.5 3677.1
Control Is not processed - 3483.5
As can be seen from the results in Table 5, the Chinese cabbage was not treated with the pharmaceutical preparation, and the yield per mu was 3483.5 kg; after the root soaking treatment is carried out on the Chinese cabbage by the tea saponin with the concentration of 1.5g/L, the yield of the Chinese cabbage per mu is 3677.1kg respectively, and the yield is increased by 5.6 percent.
TABLE 6 influence of tea saponin ridging treatment on cabbage yield
Treatment agent Processing method Concentration of formulation (g/kg) Yield per mu (kg/667 m)2)
Tea saponin Ridging 0.5 3826.7
Control Is not processed - 3483.5
As can be seen from the results in Table 7, the Chinese cabbage was not treated with the pharmaceutical preparation, and the yield per mu was 3483.4 kg; after the root burying treatment is carried out on the tea saponin soil with the concentration of 0.5g/kg, the acre yield of the Chinese cabbage is improved to 3826.7kg, and the yield is increased by 9.9 percent.
TABLE 7 influence of tea saponin leaf spray treatment on cabbage yield
Treatment agent Processing method Concentration of formulation (g/kg) Yield per mu (kg/667 m)2)
Tea saponin Spray blade 1.0 3694.6
Control Is not processed - 3483.5
As can be seen from the results in Table 7, the Chinese cabbage was not treated with the pharmaceutical preparation, and the yield per mu was 3483.5 kg; after the tea saponin solution with the concentration of 1.0g/L is sprayed with leaves, the acre yield of the Chinese cabbage is improved to 3694.6kg, and the yield is increased by 6.1 percent. From the above results, it was found that the effect of increasing the yield of the Chinese cabbage by the hilling treatment was the best (9.9%), followed by the leaf surface spraying (6.1%), whereas the effect of increasing the yield of the Chinese cabbage by the root soaking treatment was relatively the lowest (5.6%).
Example 4
A method for increasing crop yield by using tea saponin comprises the following steps:
sowing celery seeds in a scattering mode, taking out celery seedlings after 3-4 true leaves of the celery seedlings, removing soil at the roots as much as possible, and applying the pesticide in a root dipping mode. Preparing tea saponin into water solution with concentration of 0.5g/L, 1.0g/L and 2.0g/L with distilled water, soaking the root of celery seedling into the tea saponin solution for 1 min, and naturally standing for 0.5 hr for field planting. After that, the seeds were managed according to a conventional method, harvested after 3 months of growth, and the yield statistics are shown in Table 8.
TABLE 8 influence of tea saponin treatment on celery yield (root soaking treatment)
Figure BDA0002399440100000101
a. ab, bc, c represent statistical analysis results between different treatments, with significance between treatments that do not contain the same letter.
The investigation on the yield of the celery in each treatment has certain influence on the yield of the celery in each treatment. The yield per mu of the celery is 10007.5kg compared with clear water, and the yield per mu of the celery treated by the chemical pesticide mancozeb is 9015.8 kg. When the test concentration of the tea saponin is 0.5g/L, the acre yield of the celery is 9625.0kg, and the yield is not increased compared with that of clear water; when the test concentrations of the tea saponin are respectively 1.0g/L and 2.0g/L, the acre yield of celery is 10017.5kg and 10871.7kg, and the yield is increased by 0.1 percent and 8.6 percent respectively compared with that of the test concentrations of the tea saponin corresponding to clean water.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art will appreciate that: various substitutions, changes and modifications are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and the appended claims, and therefore the scope of the invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed.

Claims (9)

1. Application of tea saponin in increasing crop yield is provided.
2. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that: the tea saponin comprises one or more pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin compounds, and the basic mother nucleus structure of the tea saponin is as follows:
Figure FDA0002399440090000011
wherein R is1、R2、R3Represents different radicals, wherein R1Is OH, H, Ac, R2Is H or Ac, R3Ac or H, and the connection mode is as follows:
Figure FDA0002399440090000012
3. use according to claim 1, characterized in that: the preparation steps of the tea saponin are as follows:
⑴ extracting tea saponin, namely drying and crushing oil tea seed cake, sieving with a 40-mesh sieve for later use, placing the oil tea powder in a Soxhlet extraction device, carrying out reflux extraction for 4-6h by using petroleum ether at the constant temperature of 80-90 ℃ to remove residual oil in the raw materials, ventilating and naturally drying the oil tea seed cake powder after oil extraction, adding 60-70% methanol solution into the degreased tea seed cake powder, heating and extracting for 1-2h in water bath at the temperature of 60-70 ℃ according to the ratio g of the degreased tea seed cake powder to the methanol solution, wherein the ratio g to mL is 1: 10, and carrying out suction filtration by using a Buchner funnel to obtain tea saponin filtrate;
⑵ drying tea saponin by rotary evaporating at 65-75 deg.C, recovering methanol, and freeze drying the concentrated solution to obtain brown tea saponin product.
4. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that: the crops are tomatoes, potatoes, Chinese cabbages or celery.
5. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: the application is as follows:
root soaking treatment of tea saponin: dissolving tea saponin in water to obtain tea saponin with concentration of 0.5-10 g/L; soaking the roots of the crop seedlings in the tea saponin solution, maintaining for 1-10 minutes, then fishing out, naturally airing for 0.5-5 hours, and transplanting according to a conventional method;
and/or transplanting and hilling the tea saponin: grinding the dried soil, and sieving with a 20-mesh sieve; taking the sieved soil, adding tea saponin, fully and uniformly mixing, and sieving the soil: the mass ratio of the tea saponin is 1000: 0.1-1.0, used for burying soil during crop transplanting; transplanting crop seedlings into soil pits, burying and protecting roots of each seedling by using landfill soil mixed with tea saponin, managing according to a conventional method, and harvesting;
and/or, carrying out leaf surface spraying treatment on the tea saponin: weighing tea saponin, dissolving in distilled water, and making into 0.5-3.0g/L tea saponin solution; spraying leaf surface with tea saponin solution 7-15 days after crop emergence, with spraying amount of 1.5 × 10 per mu4And mL, and then managing and harvesting according to a conventional method.
6. A method for improving crop yield by tea saponin is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
root soaking treatment of tea saponin: dissolving tea saponin in water to obtain tea saponin with concentration of 0.5-10 g/L; soaking the roots of the seedlings in the tea saponin solution for 1-10 minutes, then fishing out the seedlings, naturally airing the seedlings for 0.5-5 hours, and transplanting the seedlings according to a conventional method.
7. A method for improving crop yield by tea saponin is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
tea saponin transplanting and hilling treatment: grinding the dried soil, and sieving with a 20-mesh sieve; taking the sieved soil, adding tea saponin, fully and uniformly mixing, and sieving the soil: the mass ratio of the tea saponin is 1000: 0.1-1.0, used for burying soil during crop transplanting; transplanting crop seedlings into soil pits, burying each seedling in landfill soil mixed with tea saponin for protecting roots, managing according to a conventional method, and harvesting.
8. A method for improving crop yield by tea saponin is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
tea saponin leaf surface spraying treatment: weighing tea saponin, dissolving in distilled water, and making into 0.5-3.0g/L tea saponin solution; spraying leaf surface with tea saponin solution 7-15 days after crop emergence, with spraying amount of 1.5 × 10 per mu4And mL, and then managing and harvesting according to a conventional method.
9. A method for improving crop yield by tea saponin is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
⑴ soaking root of tea saponin, dissolving tea saponin in water to get tea saponin solution with concentration of 0.5-10g/L, soaking the root of seedling in the tea saponin solution for 1-10 min, taking out, naturally airing for 0.5-5h, and transplanting by conventional method;
⑵ tea saponin transplanting and hilling treatment, grinding dry soil, sieving with a 20-mesh sieve, taking the sieved soil, adding tea saponin, mixing well, wherein the mass ratio of the sieved soil to the tea saponin is 1000: 0.1-1.0, and the tea saponin is used for the landfill soil during crop transplanting;
⑶ leaf surface spray treatment of tea saponin comprises weighing tea saponin, dissolving in distilled water to obtain 0.5-3.0g/L tea saponin solution, and spraying leaf surface with tea saponin solution at a spray rate of 1.5 × 10/mu after crop emergence for 7-15 days4And mL, and then managing and harvesting according to a conventional method.
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