CN111248012A - Treatment method for gummosis lesions of branches and trunks of large cherries - Google Patents
Treatment method for gummosis lesions of branches and trunks of large cherries Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
A method for treating gummosis lesions of branches and trunks of large cherries comprises the following steps: a. and (3) scraping the scab: in spring for 3-5 months, scraping colloid and necrotic bark attached to trunk with sharp knife to expose tender bark; b. preparing potassium permanganate slurry: adding the potassium permanganate solution into soil with impurities such as grass roots and sand removed, and stirring to prepare paste-like slurry; c. slurry smearing: uniformly coating the prepared slurry on the parts for removing the scabs by using a brush; d. wrapping with a plastic film: after the slurry is coated, a polyethylene mulching film wrapping object is used for wrapping the part coated with the slurry; e. removing the bandaging: in the spring of the next year, the dressing was removed and the wound healing was observed. The invention adopts the potassium permanganate slurry with the mass concentration of 1.5-2.5% to treat the gummosis scab, has high scab cure rate, easy material taking, low cost, simple operation, obvious cost saving and efficiency improvement and convenient large-area popularization and application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of large cherry pest control, and particularly relates to a treatment method for large cherry branch gummosis disease spots.
Background
The large cherry, also known as sweet cherry, European sweet cherry belongs to Prunus of Rosaceae, and is one of the excellent special tree species of northern fruit trees. The fruit is praised as a treasure in fruit because of its bright color, good taste, sweet and early marketing, and is deeply loved by consumers. In recent years, the large cherry cultivation area in the Tianshui area is rapidly enlarged, and the large cherry cultivation has become one of the impoverishment and income increasing industries in vast rural areas.
Cherry gummosis, also known as branch and trunk ulcer, is one of the main diseases of cherry planting and occurs in cherry production areas in China. With the continuous expansion of the planting area of the large cherries, the occurrence and the damage of gummosis become more and more serious. In some orchards with low management level, the incidence rate of plants is high, so that the trees are low in yield, the fruits are poor, and the economic benefit of the orchards is seriously influenced. The disease is mainly caused by the injury to the wounds of the branches and the trunk of the tree body, the branches of the trunk and the main branches and the like. In the early stage, water stain or slight swelling and protrusion appear near the skin hole of the epidermal tissue of the cherry branch and trunk, and the cherry branch and trunk is slightly elastic by hand; in the later stage of the disease, the diseased part is in a 'blister shape' and rises and cracks, the cortex or the xylem is browned, necrotic and decayed, and the tawny glue solution is exuded from the diseased part. The glue solution becomes a hard mass from reddish brown to dark brown after being dried, and the texture becomes hard. The cortex and xylem of the affected part are susceptible to fungal infection, and the cortex turns brown and decays. The tree vigor is gradually weakened, and branches are dry and even the whole plant dies when the tree vigor is serious. Therefore, the research on the cherry gummosis prevention and treatment method is strengthened, and the method has very important significance for promoting the development of the cherry industry.
At present, the method for preventing and treating the gummosis of the large cherry in production generally adopts the steps of scraping disease spots and then coating chemical pesticide as a main material, and although a certain prevention and treatment effect can be obtained, the method also has obvious technical defects: firstly, the used chemical pesticide has strong general toxicity, and is easy to cause harm to people or pollute the environment in the operation process; secondly, the chemical pesticide has relatively high price, large coating concentration, large dosage of large-area prevention and treatment agent and high prevention and treatment cost.
Aiming at the gummosis scab, the method adopts the mode of smearing potassium permanganate slurry and wrapping a plastic film after scraping, has high cure rate of the scab, is easy to take materials, has low cost and simple operation, and is convenient for large-area popularization and application.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method for treating the gummosis scab of the branches and the trunks of the large cherry trees for overcoming the problems in the prior art, and the method has the advantages of high cure rate of the scab, easy material taking, low cost, simple operation and convenience for large-area popularization and application.
The technical scheme is as follows for solving the technical problem of the invention:
a method for treating gummosis lesions of branches and trunks of large cherries comprises the following steps:
a. and (3) scraping the scab: in spring 3-5 months, a sharp knife is used for scraping colloid and necrotic bark attached to a trunk and exposing tender bark, and the scraped scab part needs to exceed the junction of a diseased part by 1-1.5cm in the transverse direction and 2-3cm in the longitudinal direction and reaches the xylem in depth;
b. preparing potassium permanganate slurry: adding potassium permanganate into water, uniformly stirring to prepare a potassium permanganate solution with the mass concentration of 1.5-2.5%, adding the potassium permanganate solution into soil with impurities such as grass roots and sand removed, and stirring to prepare paste-like slurry, wherein the mass ratio of the potassium permanganate solution to the soil is 1: 5;
c. slurry smearing: uniformly coating the prepared slurry on the parts for removing the scabs by using a brush, wherein the thickness of the slurry is 0.3-0.5 mm;
d. wrapping with a plastic film: airing the applied slurry for 30-40min, and wrapping the part coated with the slurry by winding with a polyethylene film wrapping material cut into a long strip shape;
e. removing the bandaging: in the spring of the next year, the dressing was removed and the wound healing was observed.
And c, when the slurry is coated in the step c, the slurry is required to uniformly cover the part of the scab after being scraped, and the edge of the slurry exceeds the scraping range by at least 2 cm.
And d, completely wrapping the applied slurry tightly during wrapping in the step d, wherein the wrapping width of the front side, the back side or the upper side and the lower side of the branch exceeds the applying range by more than 3 cm.
And d, after the step d, binding the two ends of the bag by using a rope to prevent rainwater from permeating.
And d, the polyethylene mulching film in the step d is a black polyethylene mulching film.
The invention has high cure rate of the scab, easy material taking, low cost and simple operation, and is convenient for large-area popularization and application. The cherry gummosis is mainly caused by pseudomonas syringae (pseudomonas syringae)Pesudomonas Syringae) By a skin-hole infestation. The potassium permanganate is easy to dissolve in water, has strong oxidizing property, can change the protein structure of pathogenic bacteria, plays a role in killing bacteria by oxidizing active groups in bacteria bodies, is often used as a disinfectant in the aspects of medical treatment, aquaculture and the like, and has thorough sterilization effect. Experiments show that compared with a 1.5% benziothiazolinone aqueous stock solution and a 5% polyoxin aqueous stock solution, the cure rate of the scab is respectively 42.07 and 37.88 percent higher when the potassium permanganate slurry with the mass concentration of 1.5-2.5% is coated, and the prevention and treatment effect is improved by 54.09 and 48.71 percent. The smearing of the potassium permanganate slurry with the mass concentration of 2 percent has higher cure rate on the scab, obviously reduces the recurrence rate and has the best treatment effect on the scab. Meanwhile, the average single plant medicament cost is only 0.26 yuan, and the mu prevention medicament cost is only 14.30 yuan. Therefore, the 1.5-2.5% potassium permanganate slurry is adopted to treat the gummosis spots, so that the effect is obvious, the cost is low, and the cost saving and the efficiency increasing are obvious.
Detailed Description
The inventors have conducted the following experimental studies in order to demonstrate the effect of the application of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these studies.
Example 1
Experiments of potassium permanganate slurry with different concentrations for preventing and treating large cherry branch trunk gummosis disease spots.
1. Selection of test plants
The test was conducted in the cherry orchard in Zhangzhong white village on the beach in the wheat accumulation area of Tianshui city. The orchard is located in the Wei river channel area, clovers are planted on the ground, and the management level is moderate. The tested variety is red lantern, the tree age is 10 years old, the area is 80 mu, and the occurrence rate of gummosis is 37.5%. In 3 months, 60 red lantern trees with serious gummosis are selected, the number of gummosis spots on each tree is investigated, and the number is recorded.
2. And (3) scraping the scab: the adhesive and the necrotic bark attached to the diseased part of the gummosis of the trunk and the bark are scraped by a blade, the scraped scar part exceeds the junction of the diseased part by 1.5cm in the transverse direction and 2cm in the longitudinal direction, and the depth reaches the xylem.
3. Preparing potassium permanganate slurry: 10g, 15g, 20g, 25g, 30g and 35g of potassium permanganate are respectively weighed and respectively dissolved in 1000ml of water to prepare potassium permanganate solutions with the mass concentration of 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3% and 3.5%. Then, the potassium permanganate solutions with different concentrations are respectively poured into 2.5kg of soil (the mass ratio of the potassium permanganate solution to the soil is 1: 5) from which impurities such as grass roots, sand and the like are removed, and the mixture is stirred while being turned into paste, so that 6 types of potassium permanganate slurry with different concentrations are prepared.
4. The test method comprises the following steps: potassium permanganate slurry of 6 different concentrations was used for 6 experimental treatments. After the scab is scraped, potassium permanganate slurry with different concentrations is respectively and uniformly coated on the parts for removing the scab, and the thickness is 0.5 mm. When the paint is applied, the slurry is required to uniformly cover the part of the scab which is scraped, and the edge of the mud exceeds the scraping range by at least 2cm, so that the mud cannot be applied in a missing way or in a less way. After the slurry is dried for 40min and the water is slightly dispersed, the part coated with the slurry is wound and bound by a black polyethylene mulching film cut into a long strip shape. When in bandaging, the applied slurry is tightly wrapped, and the wrapping width of the front and back sides or the upper and lower sides of the branch is more than 3cm beyond the application range. And the two ends of the bag are tied by ropes after the bag is wrapped, so that rainwater is prevented from permeating. After the diseased spots are scraped, the control trees are not coated with any medicament and are only wrapped by a black plastic film.
5. Unbinding survey data: after the test is finished, the plants of each test treatment and each control are marked, and after the test time in the next spring is over one year, the dressing is removed, and the healing condition of the scab is investigated.
The cure rate of the disease spots = the number of cured disease spots ÷ the total number of the disease spots prevented and treated × 100%
The disease spot recurrence rate = the number of recurrent disease spots ÷ total number of control disease spots × 100%
Control effect = (control recurrence rate zone-treatment zone recurrence rate)/control recurrence rate zone recurrence rate × 100%
TABLE 1 treatment Effect of different concentrations of Potassium permanganate slurries on lesions of epidemic diseases
The control effect test conclusion of the potassium permanganate slurry with different concentrations is as follows: from the investigation result, when the mass concentration of the potassium permanganate in the slurry is below 1.5 percent, the cure rate of the scab is low, the sterilization is not thorough, and the recurrence rate of the scab infected by germs is high. When the concentration of potassium permanganate in the slurry is higher than 2.5 percent, the cure rate of the scab is relatively low, and a small amount of burn is generated on the cortex of the scab due to the high concentration, so that the formation of callus and the wound healing are influenced. Therefore, the mass fraction of 1.5-2.5% is the optimal concentration of potassium permanganate, the sterilization effect is thorough, the skin layers of the branches and the trunks are not burnt, the cure rate is highest in all treatments, and the prevention and treatment effect is best.
Example 2
Experiments of potassium permanganate slurry and common pesticides for preventing and treating gummosis disease spots of branches and trunks of large cherries.
1. General description of the test park
The test is carried out in the Liu Xiang orchard of Yuquan Zhen Liujia village in the Qin state area of Tianshui city. The orchard is located on southwest sloping fields, the ground is naturally grown grass, and the management level is general. The tested variety is red lantern, the tree age is 12 years old, the area is 6.5 mu, and the plant rate of gummosis occurrence is 65.2%.
2. Test method
In 3 middle of the month, 30 russianchau trees with serious gummosis are selected, the number of gummosis spots on each tree is investigated, and the number is recorded.
3. And (3) scraping the scab: the adhesive and the necrotic bark attached to the diseased part of the gummosis of the trunk and the bark are scraped by a blade, the scraped scar part exceeds the junction of the diseased part by 1cm in the transverse direction and 3cm in the longitudinal direction, and the depth reaches the xylem.
4. Preparing potassium permanganate slurry: 20g of potassium permanganate is weighed and dissolved in 1000ml of water to prepare a potassium permanganate solution with the mass concentration of 2%. Then pouring the potassium permanganate solution into 2.5kg of soil (the mass ratio of the potassium permanganate solution to the soil is 1: 5) from which impurities such as grass roots, sand and the like are removed, and stirring while pouring to form a paste.
5. The test method comprises the following steps: after the lesion spots are scraped, the following 3 medicaments are respectively applied: (1) benziothiazolinone aqua (produced by Shanxi Dahuate scientific and technical industries, Co., Ltd.) stock solution with the active ingredient content of 1.5 percent; (2) a stock solution of a polyoxin aqua (Shenyang Zhongke bioengineering Co., Ltd.) having an active ingredient content of 5%; (3) the mass concentration is 2% potassium permanganate slurry. Treating 10 trees with each agent, wrapping with black plastic film, removing the wrapping material in the next spring, and investigating the healing condition of scab. 5 control trees are set, and 2% saline solution is smeared on the control trees after lesion spots are scraped. Wherein potassium permanganate slurry with the mass concentration of 2 percent is uniformly smeared on the part for removing the scab, and the thickness is 0.3 mm. When the paint is applied, the slurry is required to uniformly cover all the positions of the scab after being scraped, and the edges of the mud exceed the scraping range by at least more than 2cm, so that the mud cannot be applied in a missing way or in a less way. After the slurry is dried for 30min and the water is slightly dispersed, the part coated with the slurry is wound and bound by a black polyethylene mulching film cut into a long strip shape. When in bandaging, the applied slurry is tightly wrapped, and the wrapping width of the front and back sides or the upper and lower sides of the branch is more than 3cm beyond the application range. And the two ends of the bag are tied by ropes after the bag is wrapped, so that rainwater is prevented from permeating.
3. Test results
The cure rate of the disease spots = the number of cured disease spots ÷ the total number of the disease spots prevented and treated × 100%
The disease spot recurrence rate = the number of recurrent disease spots ÷ total number of control disease spots × 100%
Control effect = (control zone recurrence rate-treatment zone recurrence rate)/control zone recurrence rate × 100%
TABLE 1 treatment of disease spots caused by convection disease with potassium permanganate slurries and conventional pesticides
| Treatment of | Total number of disease spots | Cure number (one) | Cure rate (%) | Number of relapses (one) | Recurrence Rate (%) | Control effect (%) |
| 1.5% benziothiazolinone aqueous stock solution | 44 | 21 | 47.73 | 23 | 52.27 | 32.80 |
| 3% polyoxin aqueous stock solution | 52 | 27 | 51.92 | 25 | 48.08 | 38.18 |
| 2% potassium permanganate slurry | 49 | 44 | 89.80 | 4 | 10.20 | 86.89 |
| Control (2% salt solution) | 18 | 4 | 22.22 | 14 | 77.78 | 0 |
The conclusion of the treatment experiment of the potassium permanganate slurry and the common pesticide for preventing and treating the disease spots of the convection disease is as follows: according to investigation results, after the gummosis scab is scraped, the cure rate of the scab is respectively 42.07 and 37.88 percent higher than that of 1.5 percent of benziothiazolinone aqueous stock solution and 5 percent of polyoxin aqueous stock solution when the potassium permanganate slurry with the mass concentration of 2 percent is coated, and the prevention and treatment effect is improved by 54.09 and 48.71 percent. The result shows that the plaque curing rate is higher, the recurrence rate is obviously reduced and the treatment effect on the plaque is optimal when the 2 percent potassium permanganate slurry is smeared.
Example 3
The potassium permanganate slurry and a common treatment medicament are used for preventing and treating the disease spots of the gummosis of the branches and the trunks of the large cherry.
1. Variety for test
The test was carried out in a large cherry variety orchard of the fruit bearing institute in Tianshui city. The soil is sandy loam, the ground is naturally grown grass, and the management level is good. The tested variety is red lantern, the tree age is 9 years old, the area is 8.5 mu, and the occurrence rate of gummosis is 25.7%.
2. Reagent for testing
(1) 1.5% benziothiazolinone aqua (produced by Shanxi Dahuate scientific and technological industry Co., Ltd.), bottled in 500ml and 25 yuan/bottle; (2) 5% polyoxin aqua (Shenyang Zhongke bioengineering Co., Ltd.), 300ml bottled 18 yuan/bottle; (3) self-made potassium permanganate slurry with the mass concentration of 2% (a potassium permanganate solution with the mass concentration of 2% and soil are prepared into paste according to the mass ratio of 1: 5).
3. Test method
3.1 curettage of lesion spots: selecting red-lantern trees with severe gummosis in 3 months, and scraping colloid and necrotic bark attached to gummosis-affected parts of branches, wherein the bark scraping range exceeds the necrosis range by more than 2cm, preferably 1-1.5cm to expose green healthy bark. Numbering the tested plants with the lesion spots scraped according to an English letter 'A, B, C, D, E … …', and smearing a first medicament of 1.5% benziothiazolinone aqua stock solution according to the numbering sequence. When the Chinese medicinal composition is applied, the scab on each plant is numbered as follows: a-1, A-2 and the like, and measuring the length and the width of the lesion scraping area and calculating the application area of the single lesion liquid medicine. After 300ml of the first medicament is used up, the total area of the first medicament coated by the single scab is obtained by accumulation and addition, and the medicament use cost of the average unit area of the scab of the first medicament is calculated.
And by analogy, smearing 400ml of 5% polyoxin aqueous solution stock solution of a second medicament and 5kg of self-made potassium permanganate slurry, and respectively calculating the use cost of the medicament for smearing the area and the average unit area of the scab. Counting the number of plants and disease spots smeared by each medicament, calculating the disease spot area of each plant of tree, analyzing the prevention and treatment cost, and calculating the prevention and treatment cost per mu.
The step-by-step calculation method comprises the following steps:
lesion smear area = lesion length (cm) × lesion width (cm) × correction factor 0.85
Total area (cm) of medicine application2) = ∑ (area of spot-on medicine)
Average unit area medicament cost = medicament price/total area of medicament application (yuan/cm)2)
Average individual plant application area = total area of drug application (cm)2) Number of treated Strain (cm)2Per strain)
Cost for preventing and treating individual plant = average individual plant smearing area (cm)2Per strain). times.average cost of medicament per unit area (yuan/cm)2)
Mu control cost = cost per plant (yuan/plant) × number of plants per mu)
3. Test results
TABLE 3 comparison of cost of potassium permanganate slurries with commonly used therapeutic agents for treatment of Paget's disease
| Treatment of | Total cost of medicament (yuan) | Application area (cm)2） | Cost per unit area of the medicament (yuan/cm)2） | Number of smear plants (plant) | Average single plant area (cm) of applied medicine2Per strain) | Cost of single plant drug (Yuan/Lian) | Reduced mu cost of control (Yuan/mu) |
| 1.5% benziothiazolinone aqueous stock solution 500ml | 45 | 1435 | 0.031 | 21 | 68.33 | 2.19 | 120.45 |
| 400ml of 5% polyoxin aqueous solution stock solution | 40 | 1146 | 0.035 | 20 | 57.30 | 2.00 | 110.00 |
| 5kg of self-made potassium permanganate slurry | 10 | 3249 | 0.0031 | 38 | 85.50 | 0.26 | 14.30 |
And (4) test conclusion: from the survey results, the average single plant medicament cost is only 0.26 yuan and the mu prevention medicament cost is only 14.30 yuan when the method is used for treating the gummosis spots. Therefore, the 2% potassium permanganate slurry is adopted to treat the gummosis spots, so that the effect is obvious, the cost is low, and the cost saving and the efficiency increasing are obvious.
Claims (5)
1. The method for treating the gummosis lesions of the branches and the trunks of the large cherry trees is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
a. and (3) scraping the scab: in spring 3-5 months, colloid and necrotic bark attached to the trunk are scraped off by a sharp knife to expose tender bark, and the scraped scab part needs to exceed the junction of the diseased part by 1-1.5cm in the transverse direction and 2-3cm in the longitudinal direction and reaches the xylem in depth;
b. preparing potassium permanganate slurry: adding potassium permanganate into water, uniformly stirring to prepare a potassium permanganate solution with the mass concentration of 1.5-2.5%, adding the potassium permanganate solution into soil with grass roots and sand impurities removed, and stirring to prepare paste-like slurry, wherein the mass ratio of the potassium permanganate solution to the soil is 1: 5;
c. slurry smearing: uniformly coating the prepared slurry on the parts for removing the scabs by using a brush, wherein the thickness of the slurry is 0.3-0.5 mm;
d. wrapping with a plastic film: airing the applied slurry for 30-40min, and wrapping the part coated with the slurry by winding with a polyethylene film wrapping material cut into a long strip shape;
e. removing the bandaging: in the spring of the next year, the dressing was removed and the wound healing was observed.
2. The method for treating large cherry branch gummosis lesions according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and c, when the slurry is coated in the step c, the slurry is required to uniformly cover the part of the scab after being scraped, and the edge of the slurry exceeds the scraping range by at least 2 cm.
3. The method for treating the gummosis lesions of the branches and the trunks of the large cherries according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: and d, completely wrapping the applied slurry tightly during wrapping in the step d, wherein the wrapping width of the front side, the back side or the upper side and the lower side of the branch exceeds the applying range by more than 3 cm.
4. The method for treating large cherry branch gummosis lesions according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and d, after the step d, binding the two ends of the bag by using a rope to prevent rainwater from permeating.
5. The method for treating the gummosis lesions of the branches and the trunks of the large cherries as claimed in claim 1 or 4, wherein: and d, the polyethylene mulching film in the step d is a black polyethylene mulching film.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111919640A (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2020-11-13 | 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 | Application method of composite aluminized reflective film for protecting fruit tree branches |
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| CN105660252A (en) * | 2014-11-18 | 2016-06-15 | 璧典附 | New method for preventing apple tree rotten diseases |
| CN108283092A (en) * | 2018-02-28 | 2018-07-17 | 山东省果树研究所 | A kind of fruit tree putrefaction disease control method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105660252A (en) * | 2014-11-18 | 2016-06-15 | 璧典附 | New method for preventing apple tree rotten diseases |
| CN104982262A (en) * | 2015-06-15 | 2015-10-21 | 重庆市万州区科技信息中心 | Method for prevention and control of kiwifruit canker disease |
| CN108283092A (en) * | 2018-02-28 | 2018-07-17 | 山东省果树研究所 | A kind of fruit tree putrefaction disease control method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111919640A (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2020-11-13 | 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 | Application method of composite aluminized reflective film for protecting fruit tree branches |
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