CN111247317B - 提升阀及其制造方法 - Google Patents

提升阀及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN111247317B
CN111247317B CN201880067495.6A CN201880067495A CN111247317B CN 111247317 B CN111247317 B CN 111247317B CN 201880067495 A CN201880067495 A CN 201880067495A CN 111247317 B CN111247317 B CN 111247317B
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valve
contact surface
surface portion
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valve body
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CN111247317A (zh
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A·艾马索
M·F·卡洛亚罗
L·利亚
F·曼库索
M·鲁希尼奥
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Eaton Intelligent Power Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K1/00—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
    • F16K1/32—Details
    • F16K1/34—Cutting-off parts, e.g. valve members, seats
    • F16K1/36—Valve members
    • F16K1/38—Valve members of conical shape
    • F16K1/385—Valve members of conical shape contacting in the closed position, over a substantial axial length, a seat surface having the same inclination
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/02—Selecting particular materials for valve-members or valve-seats; Valve-members or valve-seats composed of two or more materials
    • F01L3/04—Coated valve members or valve-seats
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/12—Cooling of valves
    • F01L3/14—Cooling of valves by means of a liquid or solid coolant, e.g. sodium, in a closed chamber in a valve
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K1/00—Making machine elements
    • B21K1/20—Making machine elements valve parts
    • B21K1/22—Making machine elements valve parts poppet valves, e.g. for internal-combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K10/00—Welding or cutting by means of a plasma
    • B23K10/02—Plasma welding
    • B23K10/027—Welding for purposes other than joining, e.g. build-up welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
    • B23K11/002—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating specially adapted for particular articles or work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
    • B23K11/14—Projection welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
    • B23K11/16—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating taking account of the properties of the material to be welded
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
    • B23K11/16—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating taking account of the properties of the material to be welded
    • B23K11/20—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating taking account of the properties of the material to be welded of different metals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/0006—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring taking account of the properties of the material involved
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • B23K31/02—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to soldering or welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • B23P15/001—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass valves or valve housings
    • B23P15/002—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass valves or valve housings poppet valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/20—Shapes or constructions of valve members, not provided for in preceding subgroups of this group
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/006—Vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/04—Tubular or hollow articles
    • B23K2101/06—Tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L2303/00—Manufacturing of components used in valve arrangements

Abstract

本发明涉及一种提升阀，特别是一种中空提升阀，其包括：‑阀杆；‑阀体，其具有沿纵轴的第一端，以及沿纵轴的第二端，所述第一端具有与所述阀杆同轴布置的颈部部分，所述第二端具有第一锥形接触面部分，其中，所述阀体包括腔，所述腔具有朝向所述第一端的第一开口和朝向所述第二端的第二开口；‑阀盖，其与所述阀体同轴布置在所述第二端上，用于关闭所述第二开口，其中，所述阀盖具有第二锥形接触面部分，与所述第一锥形接触面部分一起形成阀头接触面。

Description

提升阀及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种提升阀，特别是一种中空提升阀。例如，在内燃机中，提升阀用于打开和关闭气缸的入口和出口。随着内燃机功率的增加，产生的热量也随之增加。为此，人们已知要提供填充了例如钠的中空提升阀，以便更好地进行热交换。
背景技术
为了使中空提升阀的热交换最大化，并降低汽油机的爆震倾向，阀头中的腔应尽可能大。已知有许多制造方法可以制造这种提升阀。
例如，US2016356186提出了一种阀，其中阀体在轴向端具有腔开口。此腔由焊接在阀体上的阀盖关闭。焊缝布置在阀的轴向端面，使焊缝直接承受燃烧过程的热量。这可能导致焊缝疲劳，并导致中空提升阀中的钠漏入内燃机气缸。
其它制造方法是已知的，其中阀头是作为一个整体形成的。例如JP 1995208127公开了一种用固体材料成形中空阀头的方法。由此产生的腔，特别是头部本身，非常有限。
US20120255175也公开了一种将带有盲孔的杆成形为提升阀的方法。这种方法也限制了阀头腔的尺寸。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是减少上述缺点。
根据本发明的提升阀实现了该目的，所述提升阀包括：
-阀杆；
-阀体，其具有沿纵轴的第一端，以及沿纵轴的第二端，所述第一端具有与阀杆同轴布置的颈部部分，所述第二端具有第一锥形接触面部分，其中所述阀体包括腔，所述腔具有朝向第一端的第一开口和朝向第二端的第二开口；
-阀盖，其与阀体同轴布置在第二端上用于关闭第二开口，其中阀盖具有第二锥形接触面部分用于与第一锥形接触面部分一起形成阀头接触面。
在根据本发明的提升阀中，阀体制造有一个腔，所述腔具有朝向第二端的第二开口。此第二开口由阀盖关闭。因为阀盖提供第二锥形接触面部分(它与第一锥形接触面部分一起形成阀头接触面)，所以阀体和阀盖之间的隔板表面不再与气缸内的燃烧过程直接接触。这确保了燃烧过程对阀体和阀盖之间附接的影响较低，从而减小了钠等从腔中泄漏的可能性。
在根据本发明的本发明优选实施例中，第一和第二锥形接触面部分均包括周向槽部分，以一起形成周向面槽，并且其中在周向面槽中布置有一层阀座面材料，例如钴基或铁基材料。
周向槽提供了空间来布置阀座面材料并覆盖隔板表面，使得阀体和阀盖之间的隔板表面不与气缸中的燃烧过程接触。
在根据本发明的提升阀的另一优选实施例中，阀盖焊接在阀体上，焊缝布置在第一和第二锥形接触面部分之间。
在根据本发明的提升阀的又一实施例中，阀盖包括圆柱形竖壁，所述竖壁伸入腔的第二开口，并使阀盖相对于阀体居中。
竖壁允许将阀盖轻松定位到阀体的腔中，而且也允许吸收阀盖和阀体之间的力，以便阀体和阀盖之间的焊缝至少部分地释放了阀体和阀盖之间的应力。
在根据本发明的提升阀的又一实施例中，阀杆包括阀杆腔，所述阀杆腔的开口连接至阀体腔的第一开口。
阀杆腔与阀体腔连接，在提升阀上设有一个贯穿整个提升阀的腔。与现有技术的提升阀相比，此腔可以填充钠等以增强阀的传热性，并且减少泄漏的可能性。
在根据本发明的提升阀的又一优选实施例中，阀体还包括与阀体纵轴同轴布置的第一环形接触面部分和以一定角度从第一锥形接触面部分延伸的第一锥形焊接面，其中第一环形接触面部分径向向外地过渡到第一锥形焊接面；以及其中阀盖还包括与阀盖的纵轴同轴布置的第二环形接触面部分和以一定角度从第二锥形接触面部分延伸的第二锥形焊接面，其中第二环形接触面部分与第一环形接触面部分邻接，并且第一和第二焊接面面向彼此。
两个环形接触面部分之间的接触确保降低或甚至防止锥形焊接面之间的任何应力，尤其是焊缝中的应力。
优选地，第一环形接触面部分的外缘的半径小于第二环形接触面部分的外缘的半径，使得在第一锥形接触焊接面和第二环形接触面部分之间形成空间。
通过在第一锥形焊接面和第二环形面部分之间设置空间，来为任何焊接残余提供空间，从而避免焊缝中开始出现裂纹。
本发明还涉及一种制造根据本发明的提升阀的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
-提供根据本发明意图保护的提升阀，其中阀体通过机械加工和/或焊接和/或成形来提供；
-通过将焊缝布置在第一和第二锥形接触面部分之间，来将阀盖和阀体焊接在一起；和
-用一层阀座面材料覆盖焊缝。
在根据本发明的方法的优选实施例中，采用等离子转移电弧焊接，在焊缝上覆盖一层阀座面材料。等离子转移电弧焊接允许在周向面槽中布置各种材料，尤其是对于相对坚硬的材料，这些材料非常适合阀座表面。其它可选择的阀座面材料层布置方式有激光焊接和凸焊。
附图说明
将结合附图说明本发明的这些和其它特征。
图1示出了根据本发明的提升阀的一个实施例的横截面图，带有阀头的放大部分。
图2示出了根据本发明的提升阀的第二实施例的横截面图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了带阀杆2、阀体3和阀盖4的提升阀1。
阀杆2具有腔5，腔5通过阀体3的第一端7处的第一开口连接到阀体3的腔6。阀体3的第二开口由阀盖4关闭。
阀体3沿纵轴在第二端设有第一锥形接触面部分8。阀盖4设有第二锥形接触面部分9，其与第一锥形接触面部分8一起形成阀头接触面。
每个锥形接触面部分8、9设有槽部分，所述槽部分容纳一层阀座面材料10，所述材料覆盖阀体3和阀盖4之间的焊缝11。
阀盖4设有圆柱形竖壁12，所述竖壁12与腔6的周向壁13相配合，并确保阀盖4相对于阀体3居中。
图2示出了带有阀体21和阀盖22的提升阀20。阀体21具有第一锥形焊接面23，其过渡到第一环形接触面部分24。阀盖22具有第二锥形焊接面25和第二环形接触面部分26。
第一环形接触面部分24的外半径r1小于第二接触面部分26的外半径r2，使得在第一锥形焊接面23和第二环形接触面部分26之间设置空间27。
将阀体21附接到阀盖22的焊缝布置在第一锥形焊接面23和第二锥形焊接面25之间。焊缝的任何残余可以流入空间27，防止焊缝中出现任何裂纹。
此外，第一和第二环形接触面部分24、26还降低了焊接区域中的任何应力。

Claims (8)

1.一种中空提升阀(1；20)，其包括：
-阀杆(2)；
-阀体(3；21)，其具有沿纵轴的第一端以及沿纵轴的第二端，所述第一端具有与所述阀杆(2)同轴布置的颈部部分，所述第二端具有第一锥形接触面部分(8)，其中所述阀体包括腔(6)，所述腔具有朝向所述第一端的第一开口和朝向所述第二端的第二开口；
-阀盖(4；22)，其与所述阀体(3；21)同轴布置在所述第二端上用于关闭所述第二开口，其中所述阀盖(4；22)具有第二锥形接触面部分(9)用于与所述第一锥形接触面部分(8)一起形成阀头接触面；
其中所述第一锥形接触面部分和第二锥形接触面部分(8，9)均包括周向槽部分以一起形成周向面槽，并且其中在所述周向面槽中布置有一层为钴基或铁基材料的阀座面材料(10)；
其中所述阀体(21)还包括与所述阀体(21)的纵轴同轴布置的第一环形接触面部分(24)以及以一定角度从所述第一锥形接触面部分(8)延伸的第一锥形焊接面(23)，其中所述第一环形接触面部分(24)径向向外地过渡到所述第一锥形焊接面(23)；并且其中所述阀盖(22)还包括与所述阀盖(22)的纵轴同轴布置的第二环形接触面部分(26)和以一定角度从所述第二锥形接触面部分(9)延伸的第二锥形焊接面(25)，其中所述第二环形接触面部分(26)与所述第一环形接触面部分(24)邻接，并且所述第一锥形焊接面和第二锥形焊接面(23，25)彼此接触。
2.根据权利要求1所述的提升阀(1；20)，其中所述阀盖(4；22)焊接在所述阀体(3；21)上，焊缝布置在所述第一锥形接触面部分和第二锥形接触面部分(8，9)之间。
3.根据权利要求1所述的提升阀(1；20)，其中所述阀盖(4；22)包括圆柱形竖壁(12)，所述竖壁伸入所述腔(6)的所述第二开口，并使所述阀盖(4；22)相对于所述阀体(3；21)居中。
4.根据权利要求1所述的提升阀(1；20)，其中所述阀杆(2)包括阀杆腔(5)，所述阀杆腔(5)的开口连接至所述阀体(3；21)的所述腔(6)的所述第一开口。
5.根据权利要求1所述的提升阀(1；20)，其中所述第一环形接触面部分(24)的外缘的半径(r1)小于所述第二环形接触面部分(26)的外缘的半径(r2)，使得在第一锥形接触焊接面(23)和第二环形接触面部分(26)之间形成空间(27)。
6.一种用于制造根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的提升阀(1；20)的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
-提供根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的提升阀(1；20)，其中所述阀体(3；21)通过机械加工来提供；
-通过将焊缝布置在所述第一锥形接触面部分和第二锥形接触面部分(8，9)之间，来将所述阀盖(4；22)和所述阀体(3；21)焊接在一起；以及
-用一层阀座面材料(10)覆盖所述焊缝。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其中采用等离子转移电弧焊接、激光焊接或凸焊，在所述焊缝上覆盖一层阀座面材料。
8.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其中所述阀体(3；21)通过焊接和/或成形来提供。
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