CN111233530B - Split type multi-section ventilation roller fermentation reactor and fermentation method - Google Patents

Split type multi-section ventilation roller fermentation reactor and fermentation method Download PDF

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CN111233530B
CN111233530B CN202010095359.7A CN202010095359A CN111233530B CN 111233530 B CN111233530 B CN 111233530B CN 202010095359 A CN202010095359 A CN 202010095359A CN 111233530 B CN111233530 B CN 111233530B
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roller
cylinder
section
feeding
fermentation
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CN111233530A (en
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矫锋
于文斌
苏杭
康立
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Lvshui Qingshan Environmental Protection Technology Dalian Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
    • C05F9/04—Biological compost
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/02—Biological treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
    • C05F3/06—Apparatus for the manufacture
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
    • C05F9/02—Apparatus for the manufacture
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
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  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a split type multi-section ventilation roller fermentation reactor and a fermentation method, wherein the reactor comprises a feeding device, a roller and an air inlet system, the feeding device is connected with the feeding end of the roller, and the connecting part is provided with a feeding end seal; the cylinder is including the multistage barrel of connecting in order, and adjacent barrel junction is provided with middle sealing device, every section the barrel below is provided with riding wheel support and drive arrangement, and the central line of barrel becomes the inclination of & lt 1 with ground, and the feed end of cylinder is located the high point, and the discharge end is located the low point, and air intake system includes main line and the many spinal branchs pipeline with the main line intercommunication, and many spinal branchs pipeline is connected with the multistage barrel respectively, and the cylinder discharge end is provided with the discharge end with air intake system junction and seals. The invention has the advantages of simple and convenient installation and debugging, motor energy consumption saving, small equipment floor area and reasonable air supply, and can be widely applied to the fermentation composting or biological drying treatment of various solid wastes containing a large amount of organic matters.

Description

Split type multi-section ventilation roller fermentation reactor and fermentation method
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fermentation reactor technology, in particular to a split type multi-section ventilation roller fermentation reactor and a fermentation method.
Background
Solid waste refers to solid, semi-solid, and gaseous items, substances that are discarded or discarded without losing their original value of use, as well as items, substances that are regulated by law and administrative laws and regulations for inclusion in the management of solid waste that are generated during manufacturing, life, and other activities. Solid waste does not need to be migrated and diffused everywhere like waste gas and waste water, a large amount of land needs to be occupied, the phenomenon that urban solid waste occupies the land is serious day by day, 60 hundred million tons of industrial solid waste and 5 hundred million tons of domestic waste are accumulated in China, and 1000 million tons of solid waste cannot be treated every year and are accumulated at suburbs or at two sides of roads. The solid waste is the most difficult one of the three wastes to be disposed of, because the components contained in the solid waste are quite complex, the physical properties (volume, fluidity, uniformity, crushing degree, moisture, heat value and the like) of the solid waste are also varied, and the solid waste can be quite troublesome to achieve the aims of harmlessness, reduction and recycling, and the methods mainly adopted at present comprise compaction, crushing, sorting, solidification, incineration, biological treatment and the like.
The biological treatment technology is an effective technical method for recycling solidified wastes, which utilizes the decomposition effect of microorganisms on organic solid wastes to make the organic solid wastes harmless, can convert the organic solid wastes into energy, food, feed and fertilizer, and can also be used for extracting metals from waste products and waste residues, and the method has wide application at present: composting, biogas production, sugar production by waste cellulose, feed production by waste fiber, bioleaching and the like. Among them, the composting (i.e., aerobic fermentation) method is widely used because of the characteristics of simple process, low energy consumption, high utilization rate of product resources, and the like.
The traditional composting technology is a natural composting method, does not need equipment, but has large floor area, slow decomposition, long period and poor quality of organic fertilizers. The modern aerobic composting is the treatment of making the livestock and poultry manure achieve harmlessness, resource, reduction and stabilization under the action of aerobic microorganisms by utilizing composting equipment under the aerobic condition. At present, aerobic composting mainly adopts a groove type fermentation process and a chopping type fermentation process, and the produced organic fertilizer has high fertilizer efficiency, good stability and high production efficiency, but the two methods have the defects of large occupied area, low automation degree and the like. The high-temperature aerobic composting horizontal fermentation drum technology introduced from abroad has high degree of mechanization, simple operation and suitability for industrial production; the production efficiency is high, and the retention time is short; the temperature in the cylinder is uniform, and the harmless effect is good; low energy consumption, no leakage, good environmental condition and the like.
The horizontal fermentation roller is very suitable for composting of kitchen waste, livestock manure, activated sludge and other solid wastes containing a large amount of organic matters, but the materials need to stay in the roller for at least 2-3 days to meet the harmless requirement, so that the length of the horizontal fermentation roller is long, the occupied area is large, and the processing and manufacturing requirements on equipment are high.
The conventional horizontal fermentation cylinder structure is a reaction system using a horizontal cylinder for mixing, reacting, ventilating and outputting materials, as shown in fig. 3. The roller is arranged on the support and is driven to rotate by a set of mechanical transmission device. The composting process begins very quickly in the drum and the organic constituents of the material are degraded by aerobic microorganisms, but the compost product must be further matured before it can be applied directly to the ground, usually by windrow or static aerobic composting to complete the second stage of the composting process.
The material in the drum moves in the order in which it was loaded into the drum, and the speed at which the drum rotates and the inclination of the central axis of the drum during rotation determine the residence time of the compost. Because of the design of an integrated roller, the rotating speeds of all parts of the whole roller are consistent, the rotating speed is too low, the materials are turned and mixed unevenly, anaerobic reaction is caused to occur due to local oxygen deficiency, the material advancing speed in the roller is too high due to too high rotating speed, the material bed has too large heat dissipation, the reaction temperature cannot be guaranteed, the harmless requirement can be met only by high-temperature staying of the materials in the roller for 2-3 days as required by the production process, the material staying time can be guaranteed only by lengthening the horizontal length of the roller, the whole length of the equipment is too long, and the occupied area is increased. Meanwhile, the materials are subjected to aerobic fermentation reaction in the roller, a large amount of solid organic matters are degraded into carbon dioxide and water and discharged in a gas form, the materials in the roller are gradually reduced in practice, as shown in fig. 4 to 6, the volume of the rear section of the roller is not fully utilized, and the waste of the driving power of the motor is indirectly caused.
As shown in fig. 7, the aerobic fermentation reaction is divided into three stages, namely a temperature rise stage, a high temperature stage and a decomposition stage, the microbial activity, the suitable temperature, the aerobic amount and the like of each reaction stage are different, the traditional horizontal drum only has a single air inlet, air is continuously consumed while advancing along the axial direction of the drum, and in order to ensure the high aerobic requirement of the most active reaction stage, the air is excessively supplied to form useless power consumption, namely, energy is wasted and the control of the reaction temperature is not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a split type multi-section ventilation roller fermentation reactor aiming at the problems of low filling rate, low effective volume utilization rate, overlong equipment length, large occupied area and unreasonable air supply of the traditional horizontal fermentation roller.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a split type multi-section ventilation roller fermentation reactor comprises a feeding device, a roller and an air inlet system, wherein the feeding device is connected with the feeding end of the roller, and the connection part is provided with a feeding end seal; the roller comprises a plurality of sections of sequentially connected cylinders, the cylinders are in dynamic sealing connection, a middle sealing device is arranged at the joint of the adjacent cylinders, a riding wheel supporting and driving device is arranged below each section of the cylinder, the center line of the cylinder and the ground form an inclination angle of less than 1 degree, the feeding end of the roller is positioned at a high point, and the discharging end of the roller is positioned at a low point; the air inlet system comprises a main pipeline and a plurality of branch pipelines communicated with the main pipeline, the branch pipelines are respectively connected with the multi-section cylinder and are respectively used for air supplement of the multi-section cylinder, and a discharge end seal is arranged at the joint of the discharge end of the cylinder and the air inlet system.
Furthermore, the branch pipeline is connected with one end of the cylinder body close to the discharge end, and air is in countercurrent contact with materials in the cylinder body.
Furthermore, a regulating valve is arranged on the branch pipeline.
Further, the roller comprises 2-10 barrels which are connected in sequence.
Further, the length of the roller is 5-100 meters.
Furthermore, two supporting roller supports are arranged below each section of the cylinder body, and a driving device is arranged between the two supporting roller supports.
Furthermore, each section of cylinder body of the roller is a coaxial hollow cylindrical cylinder body with different diameters, the diameter of the roller is suitable for the treatment capacity, and the diameter size of the two adjacent sections of cylinder bodies is preferably increased progressively according to the size difference of 50-500 mm. The diameter is crescent from the feed end to the discharge end, adopts the form of concentric sleeve pipe grafting to correlate between the barrel, prevents that the material from taking place to spill when cylinder axial motion.
Furthermore, a plurality of inclined guide plates are arranged on the inner wall of the cylinder body, so that the material can enter the next cylinder body as soon as possible.
Furthermore, split type multistage ventilation cylinder fermentation reactor still includes detecting system and control system, detecting system includes but not limited to the temperature-detecting device who sets up in the cylinder, humidity detection device and oxygen content detection device one or more, control system links with detecting system, drive arrangement, feed arrangement and air intake system electricity respectively, carries out closed-loop control according to detection device signal feedback.
Furthermore, the middle sealing device comprises a fixed sealing cover, a connecting plate, a scale sealing body, a friction sleeve and a barrier strip, wherein the sealing cover is arranged on the outer cylinder body at the splicing position of the adjacent cylinder bodies, an installation flange is arranged on the sealing cover, the friction sleeve is sleeved on the outer wall of the outer cylinder body and the outer wall of the inner cylinder body at the two ends of the sealing cover, one end of the scale sealing body is fixed on the installation flange through the connecting plate, the other end of the scale sealing body is pressed on the friction sleeve to form a dynamic sealing surface, and the scale sealing body is hooped by a steel wire rope to apply pressure to maintain the sealing performance; and barrier strips are arranged in the splicing gaps of the adjacent cylinders to prevent materials and dust from escaping from the gaps of the cylinder walls. The middle sealing device can adapt to the deformation, deflection and eccentricity of the cylinder body, ensures the sealing of the inside of the whole cylinder and prevents the leakage of the raised dust generated by the turning of materials and the malodorous gas generated by the decomposition of organic matters.
The invention also discloses a fermentation method which is carried out by adopting the split type multi-section ventilation roller fermentation reactor and comprises the following steps: the material enters the roller from the feeding end through the feeding device, the material advances along the axial direction along with the rotation of the roller, air enters the roller from the air inlet on the discharging sealing device, the air is in countercurrent contact with the material, the reacted material is discharged from the discharging end, and the residual air and gaseous products generated by the degradation of organic matters are discharged from the air outlet on the feeding sealing device; the rotating speed of the cylinders of the materials in different fermentation reaction sections is independently controlled, and the air inlet amount of the cylinders of the materials in different fermentation reaction sections is independently controlled.
Further, the rotating speed of each section of cylinder body is respectively controlled according to different fermentation reaction stages of the materials. The material loops through feeding stage, medium temperature reaction stage, high temperature reaction stage, cooling reaction stage and ejection of compact stage from the feeding to the ejection of compact in the cylinder, and the feeding section barrel, the middle temperature section barrel, the high temperature section barrel, the cooling section barrel and the ejection of compact section barrel that correspond the barrel probably merge the operation with middle temperature section barrel, cooling section barrel respectively according to actual production demand feeding section barrel and ejection of compact section barrel. The rotating speed of the feeding section cylinder and the discharging section cylinder is 4-10 rpm, the rotating speed of the middle temperature section cylinder is 0.5-5 rpm, the rotating speed of the high temperature section cylinder is 0.5-5 rpm, and the rotating speed of the cooling section cylinder is 0.1-5 rpm.
Further, the air inlet volume of each section of the cylinder is respectively controlled according to the fermentation reaction stage of the materials. The main pipeline ensures that the air flow is enough to bring out reaction products and meet the requirement of minimum oxygen consumption (namely good oxygen content in the decomposition stage), and the ventilation volume of the main pipeline is 0.05m3/min·m3～5m3/min·m3Each branch pipe lineThe air supply pipe adjusts the air supply quantity of each section of the cylinder body according to the difference of the reaction stage, thereby realizing the staged control, theoretically ensuring the maximum oxygen consumption in the high-temperature reaction stage and ensuring the air flow to be 0.1m3/min·m3～ 2m3/min·m3。
The split type multi-section ventilation roller fermentation reactor has scientific and reasonable structure and has the following advantages compared with the prior art:
1) the invention adopts a split type multi-section design, the reactor is divided into a plurality of sections of cylinders (a plurality of reaction sections) along the length direction according to the difference of the reaction stages, and the rotating speed of each reaction section is independently controlled, so that the materials are in the most appropriate reaction conditions in different reaction stages, the reaction rate is favorably improved, and the occurrence of local anaerobic reaction is avoided.
2) The invention adopts a split type multi-section design, each section of the roller has different rotating speeds, and the effect of material accumulation is caused by the difference of the rotating speeds, so that the problems that the filling rate of the roller is reduced due to volume reduction after the material is degraded by reaction, and the effective volume of the roller cannot be fully utilized are solved.
3) The invention adopts a split type multi-section design, and because the material residence time is mainly related to the rotating speed of the roller and the length of the roller, the rotating speed of the roller in a part of reaction sections can be reduced to be very low on the premise of meeting the residence time, thereby shortening the design length of the roller and saving the occupied area.
4) The invention adopts split type multi-section design, the cylinder body which needs to be driven by the motor is shortened, the load of the motor is reduced, the power consumption of the motor is reduced, and the effect of saving energy can be achieved
5) The invention adopts split type multi-section design, along with the shortening of the length of each section of cylinder body, the requirement on the processing and manufacturing process difficulty of the cylinder body is reduced, the installation and debugging of the equipment are more flexible, and the disassembly and the transportation of the equipment are also facilitated.
6) The invention adopts a split type multi-section design, each section of the cylinder body is provided with an independent air supply pipeline, and the oxygen consumption and the reaction temperature are finely controlled in different reaction stages, so that the oxygen supply is sufficient, the anaerobic reaction is avoided, and the energy consumption of the fan is not wasted due to excessive air.
7) The invention adopts a split type multi-section design, various detecting instruments such as a plurality of temperature sensors, oxygen content sensors, humidity sensors and the like are respectively arranged on each section of the cylinder body and are used for detecting the material state in the reactor in real time, and a control system adjusts the rotating speed of each section of the motor, a ventilation fan and other related equipment according to detection signals to realize closed-loop automatic control.
In conclusion, the split type multi-section ventilation roller fermentation reactor can be widely applied to the fermentation composting or biological drying of solid wastes containing a large amount of organic matters, such as kitchen wastes, municipal domestic wastes, livestock and poultry manure, activated sludge and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a split type multi-section ventilation roller fermentation reactor
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view AA of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a conventional split-type multi-stage ventilation roller fermentation reactor;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view AA of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a view of BB of FIG. 3;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view CC of FIG. 3;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of an aerobic fermentation reaction process;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the construction of the intermediate seal;
fig. 9 is a DD cross-sectional view of fig. 8.
Detailed Description
The invention discloses a split type multi-section ventilation roller fermentation reactor which comprises a feeding device, a roller and an air inlet system, wherein the feeding device is connected with the feeding end of the roller, and the connecting part is provided with a feeding end seal.
The roller is different from an integral long roller of a traditional roller and is divided into a plurality of sections of rollers including a feeding section and a discharging section according to reaction stages, specifically, the roller is a horizontal roller and comprises a plurality of sections of rollers which are connected in sequence, the rollers are connected in a dynamic sealing manner, and the roller comprises 2-10 rollers. The length of the roller is 5-100 meters. Each section of cylinder body of the roller is a coaxial hollow cylindrical cylinder body, but has different diameters, the diameter is gradually increased from the feeding end to the discharging end, the diameter of the roller is adapted to the treatment capacity, and the diameter size of the two adjacent sections of cylinder bodies is preferably increased progressively according to the size difference of 50-500 mm. The cylinders are mutually associated in a form of inserting concentric sleeves, so that the materials are prevented from being scattered and leaked when the cylinders axially move. And a middle sealing device 6 is arranged at the joint of the adjacent cylinders.
The structure of the middle sealing device 6 is shown in fig. 8 and 9, and comprises a fixed sealing cover, a connecting plate 62, a scale sealing body 63, a friction sleeve 64 and a barrier strip 65, wherein the sealing cover is arranged on the outer cylinder body at the splicing position of the adjacent cylinder bodies, an installation flange 61 is arranged on the sealing cover, the friction sleeve 64 is sleeved on the outer wall of the outer cylinder body and the outer wall of the inner cylinder body at two ends of the sealing cover, one end of the scale sealing body 63 is fixed on the installation flange 61 through a bolt and the connecting plate 62, the other end of the scale sealing body is pressed on the friction sleeve 64 to form a dynamic sealing surface, the scale sealing body 63 is tightly hooped by a steel wire rope to apply pressure to maintain tightness, and the scale sealing body is made of a flexible composite material and a steel plate; the inner side barrel body is characterized in that a barrier strip is arranged in the insertion gap of the adjacent barrel bodies, specifically, a barrier strip 65 is arranged between the outer wall of the inner side barrel body and the inner wall of the outer side barrel body, one end of the barrier strip 65 is fixed on the outer wall of the inner side barrel body, the barrier strip is made of flexible materials such as asbestos and rubber, and materials and dust are prevented from escaping from the gap of the barrel wall. The middle sealing device can adapt to the deformation, deflection and eccentricity of the cylinder body, ensures the sealing of the inside of the whole cylinder and prevents the leakage of the raised dust generated by the turning of materials and the malodorous gas generated by the decomposition of organic matters.
The supporting roller support and the driving device are arranged below the cylinder body at each section, preferably, two supporting roller supports are arranged below the cylinder body at each section, and the driving device is arranged between the two supporting roller supports. Each section of roller is separately provided with a set of driving device and a supporting device of the riding wheel, and each section of roller can set different rotating speeds according to different reaction stages.
The center line of the cylinder body and the ground form an inclination angle smaller than 1 degree, the feeding end of the cylinder body is positioned at a high point, the discharging end of the cylinder body is positioned at a low point, and fermentation materials move from the feeding end to the discharging end while advancing and carrying out fermentation reaction.
The air inlet system comprises a main pipeline and a plurality of branch pipelines communicated with the main pipeline, the branch pipelines are respectively connected with the multi-section barrel, the branch pipelines are respectively used for air supplement of the multi-section barrel, the branch pipelines are connected with one end, close to the discharge end, of the barrel, and air is in countercurrent contact with materials in the barrel. And the branch pipeline is provided with a regulating valve. And a discharge end seal is arranged at the joint of the discharge end of the roller and the air inlet system.
The split type multi-section roller fermentation reactor also comprises a detection system 7 and a control system, wherein the detection system comprises but is not limited to one or more of a temperature detection device, a humidity detection device and an oxygen content detection device which are arranged in the roller. The control system is respectively connected with the detection system 7, the driving device, the feeding device and the air inlet system, the detection system detects the material state in the reactor in real time, detection signals are transmitted into the control system 8 in real time, and the control system adjusts the rotating speed of each barrel motor, the ventilation fan and other related equipment according to the detection signals to realize closed-loop automatic control.
The invention also discloses a fermentation method which is carried out by adopting the split type multi-section ventilation roller fermentation reactor and comprises the following steps: the material enters the roller from the feeding end through the feeding device, the material advances along the axial direction along with the rotation of the roller, air enters the roller from the air inlet on the discharging sealing device, the air is in countercurrent contact with the material, the reacted material is discharged from the discharging end, and the residual air and gaseous products generated by the degradation of organic matters are discharged from the air outlet on the feeding sealing device; the rotating speed of the cylinders of the materials in different fermentation reaction sections is independently controlled, and the air inlet amount of the cylinders of the materials in different fermentation reaction sections is independently controlled.
As shown in FIG. 7, the aerobic fermentation reaction can be divided into four main stages, and the rotation speed of each section of cylinder body is controlled respectively according to different fermentation reaction stages of materials. The material in the cylinder loops through a feeding stage, a medium-temperature reaction stage, a high-temperature reaction stage, a cooling reaction stage and a discharging stage from feeding to discharging, and corresponds to a feeding section cylinder, a medium-temperature section cylinder, a high-temperature section cylinder, a cooling section cylinder and a discharging section cylinder of the cylinder. FIG. 6 is a temperature and time process diagram of aerobic fermentation reaction, the rotating speed of the feeding section and the discharging section is the fastest so as to facilitate the materials to quickly pass through and avoid accumulation at the feeding opening, and the rotating speed can be set to be 4-10 r/min; in the medium temperature (temperature rise) stage, as the material belongs to the domestication period, in order to ensure that the temperature of the material layer can be quickly raised and avoid the heat loss caused by the material layer turning too fast, the rotating speed of the roller can be set to 0.05-5 r/m, preferably 0.2-1.5 r/m, if the rotating speed is not too fast; in the high-temperature stage, because microorganisms are in a vigorous activity stage, most organic matters are decomposed and released heat in the stage, the oxygen consumption is high, sufficient contact between the materials and air needs to be ensured, and simultaneously, water in the materials is mainly evaporated and discharged in the stage, so the rotating speed of the roller in the stage can be relatively slightly higher and can be set to be 0.5-5 r/m, preferably 0.5-2.5 r/m; after the decomposition (cooling) stage is carried out, the reaction activity of microorganisms is reduced, the oxygen consumption is reduced, the rotating speed of the roller in the stage can be slower so as to ensure the retention time of materials, and the rotating speed can be set to be 0.1-5 rpm, preferably 0.1-1 rpm.
For a drum type fermentation reactor, the residence time of the material in the reactor is mainly determined by the repose angle of the material, the inclination, diameter and length of the drum, and the rotation speed of the drum, wherein the repose angle is the inherent property of the material and cannot be adjusted, the inclination and diameter of the drum are determined by the treatment capacity, and the inclination and diameter of the drum have different suitable ranges, so that the residence time of the material is generally ensured by changing the rotation speed of the drum, and the slower the rotation speed of the drum, the longer the residence time of the material is. The traditional roller reactor is provided with only one set of driving device, so that the whole body keeps the same rotating speed, the high-temperature stage is used as the main reaction stage of aerobic fermentation, the rotating speed of a roller is usually determined by the reaction condition of the high-temperature stage, the rotating speed is higher, the length of the roller can be prolonged only in design for ensuring that materials have enough residence time to react, and the occupied area of equipment is larger. After the split type multi-section design is adopted, each reaction section can be independently driven according to different reaction conditions, the temperature rising section and the temperature lowering section can run at a lower rotating speed than that of the high-temperature section, the shorter roller length can be designed on the premise of ensuring enough residence time, the length can be shortened by more than 30 percent compared with that of the traditional roller reactor, and the occupied area of equipment is saved.
As shown in fig. 3-6, as the materials are reacted while proceeding in the drum reactor, the organic substances in the materials are gradually decomposed into carbon dioxide and water to be discharged out of the reactor in a gas form along with the extension of the retention time, the materials in the drum are gradually reduced, the filling rate is reduced, the initial filling rate at the feeding end is kept at about 80%, the filling rate at the discharging end is only about 50%, the volume is reduced by more than 40%, and the effective volume of the drum is not fully utilized. The invention adopts split multi-section design, and the speed is gradually reduced from the feeding section to the discharging section in principle, and the effect of material accumulation can be caused by utilizing the speed drop of each reaction section, namely the rotating speed of the roller at the next section is slower than that of the roller at the previous section, so that the material filling rate is improved, the waste of the volume of the roller is avoided, and the energy consumption is saved.
The diameters of the roller bodies of the roller devices in the split multi-section design are different, the roller devices are gradually increased from the feeding end to the discharging end section by section to form a connection mode of concentric sleeve insertion, so that the materials are prevented from leaking when moving forwards along the axial direction of the roller, the middle sealing device is arranged at the joint between the roller bodies to ensure the sealing of the whole roller, and the leakage of the raised dust generated by the turning of the materials and the malodorous gas generated by the decomposition of organic matters is prevented.
The air of the ventilation system enters the roller from the main air pipeline on the discharge end sealing device, is in countercurrent contact with the materials in the roller, sweeps gaseous products such as carbon dioxide, water vapor, odor and the like generated by material degradation out of the roller, and finally discharges the mixed gas out of the system from the air outlet on the feed end sealing device. Meanwhile, because the activity and the oxygen consumption of microorganisms in each reaction stage are different, the reaction degree in the high-temperature reaction stage is violent, the oxygen consumption is highest, the reaction degree in the decomposition stage is gradually reduced, the oxygen consumption is lowest, air supply pipelines are arranged at the overlapped parts of the rollers in each stage, and valves are arranged on the pipelines in each part to independently control the air inlet amount so as to realize the accurate control of different air amounts in different reaction stages and prevent excessive air supply, namely electricity consumption waste and excessive heat brought away from being adverse to the control of reaction temperature. The main air pipeline ensures that the air flow is enough to bring out reaction products and meet the requirement of minimum oxygen consumption, and each air supplementing pipeline adjusts the air supply quantity according to different reaction stages, thereby realizing staged control.
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples:
example 1
The embodiment discloses a split type multi-section ventilation roller fermentation reactor, and belongs to the field of organic solid waste treatment.
The split type multi-section ventilation roller fermentation reactor is structurally shown in figures 1 and 2 and comprises a feeding device 1, a roller 3 and an air inlet system 5, wherein the feeding device 1 comprises but is not limited to a screw conveying device; the feeding device 1 is connected with the feeding end of the roller 3, a feeding end seal 2 is arranged at the joint, and an air outlet is arranged on the feeding end seal 2; the air inlet system 5 comprises a main pipeline and 3 branch pipelines communicated with the main pipeline, the 3 branch pipelines are respectively connected with one ends, close to the discharge ends, of the 3 sections of cylinders and are respectively used for air supplement of the multiple sections of cylinders, and the discharge end seal is arranged at the joint of the discharge end of the cylinder 3 and the air inlet system 5. And the branch pipeline is provided with a regulating valve. The sealed 4 bottoms of discharge end are provided with lou hopper-shaped export, it is less than 3 level of cylinder to leak hopper-shaped export.
The roller 3 comprises 3 sections of cylinders connected in sequence: the first cylinder 31, the second cylinder 32 and the third cylinder 33 are coaxial and hollow cylindrical cylinders, the diameters of the first cylinder, the second cylinder and the third cylinder are gradually increased from the feeding end to the discharging end, and the cylinders are mutually associated in a form of concentric sleeve insertion connection, so that the materials are prevented from leaking when the cylinders axially move. The total length of the drum 3 is 40 meters, and the diameter of the first drum body is 4 meters. And a middle sealing device 6 is arranged at the joint of the adjacent cylinders.
The structure of the middle sealing device 6 is shown in fig. 8 and 9, and comprises a fixed sealing cover, a connecting plate 62, a fish scale sealing body 63, a friction sleeve 64 and a barrier strip 65, wherein the sealing cover is arranged on the outer cylinder body at the splicing position of the adjacent cylinder bodies, an installation flange 61 is arranged on the sealing cover, the friction sleeve 64 is sleeved on the outer wall of the outer cylinder body and the outer wall of the inner cylinder body at two ends of the sealing cover, one end of the fish scale sealing body 63 is fixed on the installation flange 61 through a bolt and the connecting plate 62, the other end of the fish scale sealing body is pressed on the friction sleeve 64 to form a dynamic sealing surface, the fish scale sealing body 63 is tightly hooped by a steel wire rope to apply pressure to maintain tightness, and the fish scale sealing body 63 is made of a flexible composite material and a steel plate; a barrier strip 65 is arranged between the outer wall of the inner cylinder and the inner wall of the outer cylinder, one end of the barrier strip 65 is fixed on the outer wall of the inner cylinder, and the barrier strip 65 is made of flexible materials such as asbestos and rubber.
Two supporting roller supports are arranged below the cylinder body at each section, and a driving device is arranged between the two supporting roller supports. A first riding wheel support 311 and a second riding wheel support 313 are arranged below the first cylinder 31, and a first driving device 312 is arranged between the first riding wheel support 311 and the second riding wheel support 313. A third riding wheel support 321 and a fourth riding wheel support 323 are arranged below the second cylinder 32, and a second driving device 322 is arranged between the third riding wheel support 321 and the fourth riding wheel support 323. A fifth riding wheel support 331 and a sixth riding wheel support 333 are arranged below the third cylinder 33, and a third driving device 322 is arranged between the fifth riding wheel support 321 and the sixth riding wheel support 323.
The center line of the cylinder body and the ground form an inclination angle less than 1 degree, the feeding end of the cylinder 3 is positioned at a high point, the discharging end is positioned at a low point, and the fermentation material moves from the feeding end to the discharging end while fermentation reaction is carried out.
The fermentation method adopting the split type multi-section ventilation roller fermentation reactor comprises the following steps: the material enters the roller from the feeding end through the feeding device, the material advances along the axial direction along with the rotation of the roller, air enters the roller from the air inlet on the discharging sealing device, the air is in countercurrent contact with the material, the reacted material is discharged from the discharging end, and the residual air and gaseous products generated by the degradation of organic matters are discharged from the air outlet on the feeding sealing device; the rotating speed of the cylinders of the materials in different fermentation reaction sections is independently controlled, and the air inlet amount of the cylinders of the materials in different fermentation reaction sections is independently controlled.
And respectively controlling the rotating speed of each section of the cylinder body according to the fermentation reaction stage of the material. The rotation speed of the first cylinder 31 is 2 rpm, the rotation speed of the second cylinder 32 is 0.6 rpm, and the rotation speed of the third cylinder 33 is 0.2 rpm.
The 3 branch pipelines are respectively a first branch pipeline 51,A second branch pipeline 52 and a third branch pipeline 53, wherein the first branch pipeline 51 is connected with the discharge end of the first cylinder 31, the second branch pipeline 52 is connected with the discharge end of the second cylinder 32, and the third branch pipeline 53 is connected with the discharge end of the third cylinder 33. Namely, air supply pipelines are respectively arranged on each section of roller, the air supply amount is independently controlled through an adjusting valve, and the reaction temperature and the oxygen consumption are accurately controlled. And respectively controlling the air inlet volume of each section of the cylinder according to the fermentation reaction stage of the material. Wherein the third branch pipeline 53 mainly supplies air for the cooling reaction stage (i.e. the decomposition stage), the air flow is enough to bring out the reaction product, and the lowest oxygen consumption requirement (i.e. the oxygen consumption in the decomposition stage) is met, and the forced ventilation of the third branch pipeline 53 is 0.05m3/min﹒m3～2m3/min﹒m3The branch pipelines (air supplement pipelines) of the first branch pipeline 51 and the second branch pipeline 52 are mainly used for supplying air requirements in a high-temperature reaction stage, the oxygen consumption is high, and the forced ventilation quantity is required to be ensured to be 0.1m3/min﹒m3～2m3/min﹒m3. Split type multistage cylinder fermentation reactor still includes detecting system 7 and control system 8, detecting system is including setting up temperature-detecting device, humidity detection device and the oxygen content detection device in the cylinder, control system links with detecting system 7, drive arrangement, feed arrangement and air intake system electricity respectively.
The specific fermentation method comprises the following steps: in the material got into cylinder 3 through feed arrangement 1, first barrel 31 that is close to the feed end was the feeding section, and the barrel inner wall is equipped with the stock guide of a plurality of slopes and makes the material get into second barrel 32 as early as possible (first reaction section), avoids the material to pile up at first barrel 31 (feeding section). After the material leaves the first cylinder 31 (feeding section) and enters the second cylinder 32 (first section reaction section), the speed of the second cylinder 32 is reduced, the material moves forward while reacting to ensure that the material is fully contacted with air, the material stays in the second cylinder 32 for a certain time and then enters the third cylinder 33 (second reaction section), because part of the material is fermented and degraded in the second cylinder 32, the material in the cylinder is reduced, the filling rate is reduced, the rotating speed of the third cylinder 33 is reduced compared with that of the second cylinder 32, the material is accumulated by using the speed drop, the filling rate in the cylinder is improved, the volume of the cylinder is effectively utilized, the material is completely reacted in the third cylinder 33 and meets the harmless requirement, (when the number of the cylinders is N, the analogy is carried out in sequence until the material is completely reacted in the (N-1) cylinder and meets the harmless requirement), the material enters the fourth cylinder 34 (discharging section), the rotating speed of the fourth cylinder 34 is increased, the fourth cylinder 34 is provided with a plurality of inclined guide plates to enable the materials to be discharged out of the roller 3 as soon as possible and leave through the discharging device.
Air enters the roller 3 from the air inlet 5 on the discharge end seal 4 and is in countercurrent contact with materials in the roller 3, gaseous products such as carbon dioxide, water vapor, odor and the like generated by material degradation are blown out of the roller 3, and mixed gas is finally discharged out of the system through the air inlet system 5 on the feed end seal device 2.
Example 2
The embodiment discloses a split type multistage ventilation roller fermentation reactor, its structure is basically the same as embodiment 1, the difference is, in this embodiment the cylinder 3 includes 5 sections barrels of connecting in order, is respectively: the device comprises a feeding section cylinder, a middle temperature section cylinder, a high temperature section cylinder, a cooling section cylinder and a discharging section cylinder.
The fermentation method adopting the split type multi-section ventilation roller fermentation reactor comprises the following steps: the material enters the roller from the feeding end through the feeding device, the material advances along the axial direction along with the rotation of the roller, air enters the roller from the air inlet on the discharging sealing device, the air is in countercurrent contact with the material, the reacted material is discharged from the discharging end, and the residual air and gaseous products generated by the degradation of organic matters are discharged from the air outlet on the feeding sealing device; the rotating speed of the cylinder body with the materials in different fermentation reaction sections is independently controlled.
And respectively controlling the rotating speed of each section of the cylinder body according to the fermentation reaction stage of the material. The fermentation reaction stage of the material is divided into a feeding stage, a medium temperature reaction stage, a high temperature reaction stage, a cooling reaction stage and a discharging stage from feeding to discharging in sequence, and the feeding section cylinder, the medium temperature section cylinder, the high temperature section cylinder, the cooling section cylinder and the discharging section cylinder correspond to the cylinders. The rotating speed of the feeding section cylinder and the discharging section cylinder is 7 revolutions per minute, the rotating speed of the middle-temperature section cylinder is 1 revolution per minute, the rotating speed of the high-temperature section cylinder is 1.5 revolutions per minute, and the rotating speed of the cooling section cylinder is 0.5 revolutions per minute.
And respectively controlling the air inlet volume of each section of the cylinder according to the fermentation reaction stage of the material. Wherein, the main air pipeline is mainly used for supplying air in a cooling reaction stage (namely a decomposition stage), the air flow is ensured to be enough to take out reaction products, and the lowest oxygen consumption requirement (namely the oxygen consumption in the decomposition stage) is met, and the forced ventilation of the main air pipeline is 0.05m3/min﹒m3～2m3/min﹒m3In the high-temperature reaction stage, each branch pipeline (air supply pipeline) has more oxygen consumption, and forced ventilation quantity is required to be ensured to be 0.1m3/min﹒m3～2m3/min﹒m3. The air ventilation of the air pipeline of the cylinder body at the feeding section is minimum, the reaction residence time at the stage is short, the oxygen consumption is low, the tail end of the air pipeline can be supplemented by the excess air of each reaction section, and the forced air supplement amount at the stage is 0m3/min﹒m3～0.1m3/min﹒m3。
The foregoing embodiments may be modified in many different ways by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and the principle of the invention, and the scope of the invention is not limited by the above embodiments but by the claims, and all aspects within the scope are limited by the invention.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A fermentation method adopting a split type multi-section ventilation roller fermentation reactor is characterized in that the split type multi-section ventilation roller fermentation reactor comprises a feeding device, a roller and an air inlet system, wherein the feeding device is connected with the feeding end of the roller, and the connecting part is provided with a feeding end seal; the roller comprises a plurality of sections of sequentially connected cylinders, the cylinders are in dynamic sealing connection, a middle sealing device is arranged at the joint of the adjacent cylinders, a riding wheel supporting and driving device is arranged below each section of the cylinder, the center line of the cylinder and the ground form an inclination angle of less than 1 degree, the feeding end of the roller is positioned at a high point, and the discharging end of the roller is positioned at a low point; the air inlet system comprises a main pipeline and a plurality of branch pipelines communicated with the main pipeline, the branch pipelines are respectively connected with the multi-section cylinder body, and a discharge end seal is arranged at the joint of the discharge end of the cylinder and the air inlet system;
the roller comprises 4-10 roller bodies which are connected in sequence;
the split type multi-section ventilation roller fermentation reactor also comprises a detection system and a control system, wherein the detection system comprises one or more of a temperature detection device, a humidity detection device and an oxygen content detection device which are arranged in the roller, the control system is respectively electrically connected with the detection system, the driving device, the feeding device and the air inlet system, and closed-loop control is carried out according to signal feedback of the detection device;
the fermentation method of the split type multi-section ventilation roller fermentation reactor is carried out by adopting the split type multi-section ventilation roller fermentation reactor and comprises the following steps: the material enters the roller from the feeding end through the feeding device, the material advances along the axial direction along with the rotation of the roller, air enters the roller from the air inlet on the discharging sealing device, the air is in countercurrent contact with the material, the reacted material is discharged from the discharging end, and the residual air and gaseous products generated by the degradation of organic matters are discharged from the air outlet on the feeding sealing device; the rotating speed of the cylinders of the materials in different fermentation reaction sections is independently controlled, and the air inlet amount of the cylinders of the materials in different fermentation reaction sections is independently controlled;
the fermentation reaction stage of the material is divided into a feeding stage, a medium temperature reaction stage, a high temperature reaction stage, a cooling reaction stage and a discharging stage from feeding to discharging in sequence, the feeding section cylinder, the medium temperature section cylinder, the high temperature section cylinder, the cooling section cylinder and the discharging section cylinder correspond to the cylinders, the rotating speed of the feeding section cylinder and the discharging section cylinder is 4-10 r/min, and the middle temperature section cylinder rotatesThe speed is 0.2-1.5 r/min, the rotating speed of the high-temperature section cylinder is 0.5-2.5 r/min, and the rotating speed of the cooling section cylinder is 0.1-1 r/min; the ventilation volume of the main pipeline is 0.05m3/min·m3～5m3/min·m3。
2. The fermentation method using the split multi-stage ventilation roller fermentation reactor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the branch pipe is connected to one end of the barrel near the discharge end.
3. The fermentation method using the split multi-stage ventilation roller fermentation reactor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the branch pipeline is provided with a regulating valve.
4. The fermentation method of the fermentation reactor of the split multi-segment ventilation roller according to claim 1, wherein each segment of the roller is a coaxial hollow cylindrical roller with different diameters, the diameters of the rollers are gradually increased from the feeding end to the discharging end, and the rollers are mutually connected in a concentric sleeve insertion mode.
5. The fermentation method adopting the split multi-section ventilation roller fermentation reactor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the middle sealing device comprises a fixed sealing cover, a connecting plate, a fish scale sealing body, a friction sleeve and a barrier strip, the outer roller body at the joint of adjacent roller bodies is provided with the sealing cover, the sealing cover is provided with an installation flange, the outer wall of the outer roller body and the outer wall of the inner roller body at two ends of the sealing cover are both sleeved with the friction sleeve, one end of the fish scale sealing body is fixed on the installation flange through the connecting plate, the other end of the fish scale sealing body is pressed on the friction sleeve to form a dynamic sealing surface, and the fish scale sealing body is hooped by a steel wire rope to apply pressure to maintain the sealing performance; and a barrier strip is arranged in the splicing gap of the adjacent cylinders, and one end of the barrier strip is fixed on the outer wall of the cylinder at the inner side.
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CN106348799A (en) * 2016-10-11 2017-01-25 上海万唐工程技术有限公司 Multi-stage rotating fermentation tank
CN109111246A (en) * 2018-11-07 2019-01-01 武汉卓品环保科技有限公司 A kind of quick manufacturing equipment of complex microorganism organic fertilizer
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CN106190207A (en) * 2016-08-11 2016-12-07 中信重工机械股份有限公司 A kind of large-scale pyrolysis installation
CN106348799A (en) * 2016-10-11 2017-01-25 上海万唐工程技术有限公司 Multi-stage rotating fermentation tank
CN109111246A (en) * 2018-11-07 2019-01-01 武汉卓品环保科技有限公司 A kind of quick manufacturing equipment of complex microorganism organic fertilizer
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