CN111227916A - 具有肌肉/骨诱导活性的降解后柔性连接的u形骨钉 - Google Patents
具有肌肉/骨诱导活性的降解后柔性连接的u形骨钉 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111227916A CN111227916A CN202010054645.9A CN202010054645A CN111227916A CN 111227916 A CN111227916 A CN 111227916A CN 202010054645 A CN202010054645 A CN 202010054645A CN 111227916 A CN111227916 A CN 111227916A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有肌肉/骨诱导活性的降解后柔性连接的U形骨钉,由两个钉脚和一个钉脚连接体组成U形结构件,包括钛合金球体、碳纤维束、铌丝层、镁合金层、锌合金层、钉脚涂层和钉脚连接体涂层。U形骨钉在手术初期具有足够的刚性和强度,两钉脚与骨骼接触处有骨诱导活性,两钉脚连接体与肌肉接触处有肌肉生长诱导活性。涂层、锌合金及镁合金降解完后,已愈合的骨骼结合处仍有高强度的碳纤维束及外套的铌丝的柔性连接,两个端头的钛合金球体可将碳纤维束结头固定,保证在受到外力撞击时骨骼结合处不会开裂。本发明还提供了上述具有肌肉/骨诱导活性的降解后可柔性连接的U形骨钉的制备方法,具有易于操作、便于工业化生产的特点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及属于医用新材料技术领域,特别是具有肌肉/骨诱导活性的降解后柔性连接的U形骨钉。
背景技术
目前,骨钉是一种常用的骨科植入连接件,目前被广泛应用于骨科疾病的治疗手术中。U形骨钉的用途主要是:骨折后的两段骨骼的连接,整块骨虽未完全断开但却已存在较大裂纹的加固连接。
目前常用的U形骨钉有三类:一是不锈钢、钛及钛合金、Co-Cr合金等制造的刚性骨钉;二是利用高分子材料、镁合金、锌合金等可降解材料制造的刚性骨钉;三是两只刚性钉脚及中间弹性连接的半刚半柔性骨钉。
第一类骨钉所使用的材料力学性能好,但在人体内不可降解,当植入人体内达到服役期后,需进行二次手术取出。如果不取出,由于它的线胀系数与骨骼不同且具有刚性,长期存留在人体内,在人体安放骨钉处受到外力碰撞时会给患者带来生理痛苦;另外,由于生理环境的腐蚀,会造成金属离子向周围组织扩散及植入材料自身性质的退变,前者可能导致毒副作用,后者可能导致植入失效。
第二类骨钉所使用的材料在人体内可以降解,在骨愈合以后能自行消失。但可降解高分子材料机械强度低,在临床使用过程中经常会发生断裂等事故,临床适用性受到极大限制;可降解镁合金骨钉存在降解过快的问题,而且还存在着严重的点状腐蚀现象,使材料过早的失去力学支撑,虽然大量的文献提出了多种解决方法,但仍存在点状腐蚀降解过快的问题,无法满足患者的需要;如果采用锌合金制造骨钉,可有效降低其降解速率,但存在力学强度低等问题;如果采用外锌内镁的双金属结构制造骨钉,既能保证力学性能又可在骨愈合以后再降解消失,但已愈合的骨骼结合处仍是薄弱环节,在运动或受外力撞击后仍存在开裂的危险。
第三类骨钉由于U形结构的中间连接处采用了弹性材料,已愈合的骨骼结合处在运动或受外力撞击后不易开裂,但在骨科疾病的治疗手术完成初期对连接骨无刚性固定作用,易出现连接骨的错位等问题,造成治疗手术失败。
以上三类骨钉均存在无骨诱导活性、不能促进与肌肉接触处的肌体生长等问题。
申请号201811519979.8的专利公开了一种具鳞状仿骨纳米结构涂层的可降解镁合金骨钉及制备方法,骨钉由镁合金基体生成鳞状仿骨纳米结构的氧化镁生物陶瓷涂层负载PLGA-骨形态发生蛋白BMP构成,有一定的骨诱导活性且该材料可以降解,但存在如下问题:①已愈合的骨骼结合处是薄弱环节,当整个骨钉完全降解后,在运动或受外力撞击后仍存在开裂的危险;②如果制造U形骨钉,在U形结构的中间连接处与肌肉接触的地方无肌肉生长诱导活性;③基体为AZ31镁合金,在含有氯离子的人体生理环境中极易发生腐蚀降解,力学性能降低,在人体骨骼尚未完全愈合时就会过早的失去力学支撑,导致镁合金骨钉难以匹配人体骨组织生长愈合的速度而过早崩坏,而且AZ31镁合金降解后会将其含有的Al元素释放,Al元素有神经毒性,对人体不利;④没有抗菌作用,在骨钉周围易出现细菌感染情况,给患者造成极大痛苦。
申请号201810865873.7的专利公开了一种医用植入可降解复合棒材及其制备方法,采用最内层为镁合金、中间层为锌合金、最外面是具有骨诱导活性的涂覆层的结构,实现了力学性能高、降解速度适中、具有骨诱导活性的功能,但存在以下问题:①已愈合的骨骼结合处是薄弱环节,当利用这种材料制备的整个骨钉完全降解后,在运动或受外力撞击后仍存在开裂的危险;②如果制造U形骨钉,在U形结构的中间连接处与肌肉接触的地方无肌肉生长诱导活性;③无论是镁合金还是锌合金均不含抗菌的铜离子或银离子,在骨钉周围易出现细菌感染情况,给患者造成极大痛苦。
申请号201820894568.6的专利公开了一种小骨折块固定U型骨钉,采用弹性连接体压于小骨折块处实现将小骨折块与主骨之间连接的方法,保证骨折处固定牢固可靠,但存在如下问题:①在治疗手术完成初期对连接骨无刚性固定作用,易出现连接骨的错位造成手术失败;②两钉脚与骨骼接触处无骨诱导活性,连接体与肌肉接触处无肌肉生长诱导活性,不利于骨骼的愈合和肌肉的生长;③没有抗菌作用,在骨钉周围易出现细菌感染情况,给患者造成极大痛苦。
如何解决上述问题,是本领域科技人员工作的当务之急。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的不足,本发明的目的之一在于提供具有肌肉/骨诱导活性的降解后柔性连接的U形骨钉,解决如下技术问题:①如何使U形骨钉的两钉脚与骨骼接触处有骨诱导活性、两钉脚连接体与肌肉接触处有肌肉生长诱导活性;②如何使制备U形骨钉的大部分材料可以降解,不需要二次手术取出;③如何使U形骨钉中可降解材料的降解速度与骨骼生长相匹配,而且具有足够的力学性能;④如何使可降解材料具有一定的消炎抗菌效果;⑤如何使已愈合的骨骼结合处仍有高强度的柔性连接,在受到外力撞击时不会造成骨骼结合处的开裂。
本发明的目的之二在于提供一种具有肌肉/骨诱导活性的降解后柔性连接的U形骨钉的制备方法。
本发明的目的之一采用如下技术方案实现:
具有肌肉/骨诱导活性的降解后柔性连接的U形骨钉,所述U形骨钉由复合棒材制备的两个钉脚和连接两个钉脚的钉脚连接体组成,所述复合棒材包括钛合金球体、碳纤维束、铌丝层、镁合金层、锌合金层、钉脚涂层和钉脚连接体涂层;
所述碳纤维束位于U形骨钉的中心,包括结头和U形束,所述结头位于U形束的两端,所述结头呈类圆形,所述结头位于钛合金球体内部,所述钛合金球体直径与锌合金层外圆直径相等;
所述铌丝层位于所述碳纤维束的U形束的外层;
所述镁合金层位于所述铌丝层的外层;
所述锌合金层位于所述镁合金层的外层;
所述钉脚涂层在锌合金层的外层,位于U形骨钉的钉脚部位,具有骨诱导活性;
所述钉脚连接体涂层在锌合金层的外层,位于U形骨钉的钉脚连接体部位,具有肌肉诱导活性。
进一步地,所述碳纤维束由30-100根碳纤维单丝组成,所述的碳纤维单丝的直径为6.8μm-7.0μm。
进一步地,所述碳纤维单丝由聚丙烯腈基碳纤维、沥青基碳纤维、黏胶基碳纤维中的任何一种材料制备而成。
进一步地,所述铌丝层由铌合金丝线缠绕而成,所述铌合金丝线单层单根缠绕在U形束的外部,所述铌合金丝线单根两端伸入钛合金球体内固定。
进一步地,所述铌合金丝线的化学成分按质量百分比计为:Cu 12.0%-15.0%,La0.5%-1.5%,余量为Nb,所述铌合金丝线的直径为0.1mm-0.3mm。
铌丝层的化学成分中含有Cu、La、Nb。其中,1)Cu离子具有强烈的广谱抗菌功能,对于金黄色葡萄球菌等多种细菌都有强烈的杀灭作用,Cu离子的释放在达到抗菌效果的同时,有助于为人体补充铜离子,改善Cu离子缺乏引起的不良症状;2)La离子与Ca离子半径相近,La离子将钙离子置换后形成La-HAP,这样不仅不会引起钙的流失,反而使原来晶体更加稳定,且有利于周围环境中的钙离子进入是的HAP晶体矿化或在基质表面形成La-HAP晶体,防止Ca离子进一步流失,对人体骨骼有很高的亲和性,并且能够改善镁合金的力学与可降解性;3)Nb是很好的生物适应性材料,因为它有极好的抗蚀性,不会与人体里的各种液体物质发生作用,且完全不损伤生物的机体组织,对于任何杀菌方法都能适应,所以可以同有机组织长期结合而无害的留在人体里,Nb既可以弥补骨骼的损伤也可用来补偿肌肉组织。
进一步地,所述镁合金层(4)由镁合金组成,所述镁合金的化学成分按质量百分比计为:Cu 2.2%-3.2%,Ag 1.5%-2.8%,Sr 1.2%-1.8%,Ca 2.2%-3.2%,Y 0.5%-1.5%,La 1.0%-1.5%,余量为Mg;所述锌合金层(5)由锌合金组成,所述锌合金的化学成分按质量百分比计为:Mn 2.2%-2.5%,Sr 3.5%-4.0%,Cu 9%-11%,Ag 1%-2%,Ce0.5%-1.2%,纳米MgO颗粒1.0%-2.2%,余量为Zn。
镁合金层的化学成分中含有Cu、Ag、Sr、Ca、Y、La、Mg。其中,1)Cu离子具有强烈的广谱抗菌功能,对于金黄色葡萄球菌等多种细菌都有强烈的杀灭作用,Cu离子的释放在达到抗菌效果的同时,有助于为人体补充铜离子,改善Cu离子缺乏引起的不良症状;2)Ag具很好的抗菌作用;3)添加了Sr元素,可有效促进骨细胞形成以及抑制破骨细胞的骨吸收,具有调节钙代谢、减少骨折发生率的功效;4)Ca是构成骨骼的重要元素,在骨骼的生长过程中起到无可替代的作用,Ca可以凝固受伤后流血的伤口,防止细菌的感染,保持血液的洁净,也能降低血液的粘稠度,提高血液的流动性,促进人体有益细胞的活性,抑制细菌的繁殖;5)Y作为稀土元素,可用于抗凝血剂并具有抗炎杀菌的作用,还可促进骨骼组织的生长,Y还可以增强镁合金的抗氧化性和延展性;6)La离子与Ca离子半径相近,La离子将钙离子置换后形成La-HAP,这样不仅不会引起钙的流失,反而使原来晶体更加稳定,且有利于周围环境中的钙离子进入是的HAP晶体矿化或在基质表面形成La-HAP晶体,防止Ca离子进一步流失,对人体骨骼有很高的亲和性,并且能够改善镁合金的力学与可降解性;7)镁合金在人体内降解后,作为腐蚀产物的镁离子能够通过新陈代谢完全排出体外,镁离子的微量释放有利于维持人体的生命机能和新陈代谢。
锌合金层的化学成分中含有Mn、Sr、Cu、Ag、Ce、纳米MgO颗粒、Zn。其中,1)Mn在人体中不仅可以激活多种必要的辅酶,使维生素B和维生素C能顺利地被人体吸收,而且这些辅酶中含有与软骨合成有关的辅酶,有助于人体形成结缔组织,具有很好的骨诱导活性,对强壮骨骼至关重要;2)添加了Sr元素,可有效促进骨细胞形成以及抑制破骨细胞的骨吸收,具有调节钙代谢、减少骨折发生率的功效;3)Cu离子具有强烈的广谱抗菌功能,对于金黄色葡萄球菌等多种细菌都有强烈的杀灭作用,Cu离子的释放在达到抗菌效果的同时,有助于为人体补充铜离子,改善Cu离子缺乏引起的不良症状;4)Ag具很好的抗菌作用;5)Ce是一种重要的稀土元素,添加Ce可以对锌合金进行稀土合金化,不仅细化了锌合金组织进而提高其力学性能,而且改善了锌合金的铸造性能利,Ce对人体具有抗凝血、抗炎、杀菌作用,非常适合作为医用植入可降解材料中的添加元素以提高材料在降解过程中对人体的有益效果;6)纳米MgO颗粒具有明显的小尺寸效应、表面效应、量子尺寸效应和宏观隧道效应,经改性处理,无团聚现象,对提高锌合金的力学性能有明显的作用;7)Zn是人体必须的微量元素之一,可以增强人体免疫力,健康成人每天锌的膳食许可量为20-40mg,金属锌的化学活性介于镁和铁之间,其腐蚀速率介于二者之间,可以制备降解速率适当的材料,因此锌作为可降解植入材料在降解速率的控制与生物安全性方面有一定的优势。
进一步地,所述钉脚涂层的化学成分按质量百分比计为:纳米β-Ca3(PO4)2颗粒60%-65%,纳米Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2颗粒25%-30%,纳米Mn颗粒1.5%-2.5%,余量为聚乳酸;所述钉脚连接体涂层(7)的化学成分按质量百分比计为:纳米壳聚糖25%-32%,柔毛水杨梅甲醇提取物35%-42%,余量为丝素蛋白。
β-Ca3(PO4)2(β-TCP)是人体骨骼的主要成分,具有良好的生物活性和骨诱导功能;Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2(HA)作为骨诱导材料可以激发骨生成的能力,促进骨质生长愈合,涂层降解过程中释放出的大量磷酸根离子、钙离子,通过与周围的骨质进行钙、磷离子的交换而达到完全的整合,可原位形成类骨质磷灰石矿物的沉积,生物相容性和骨诱导活性明显;Mn在人体中不仅可以激活多种必要的辅酶,使维生素B和维生素C能顺利地被人体吸收,而且这些辅酶中含有与软骨合成有关的辅酶,有助于人体形成结缔组织,具有很好的骨诱导活性,对强壮骨骼至关重要;纳米尺寸的颗粒会形成棒材表面原子数目增多的现象,其比表面积大,比表面能高,大量的界面为原子扩散提供了高密度的短程快速扩散路径,同时纳米β-Ca3(PO4)2、纳米Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2颗粒、纳米Mn颗粒表面原子具有高的化学活性,很容易与其它原子结合使其扩散系数远大于常规材料,更容易原位形成类骨质磷灰石矿物的沉积,对提高棒材的骨诱导活性具有明显的作用。
壳聚糖具有生物活性、生物相溶性、可肌体吸收且无毒附作用,具有抑菌、促进细胞生长功能,还具有促进体液免疫功能、生态调节功能以及对各种蛋白质的亲和力;柔毛水杨梅甲醇提取物具有很好的诱导新生血管形成和肌肉再生的双重作用;丝素蛋白是从蚕丝中提取的天然高分子纤维蛋白,具有良好的生物相容性和可降解性,具有促进肌肉生长活性。上述三种成分协同作用,使钉脚连接体涂层具有肌肉诱导活性,可较快促成新肌肉的生成及成长。
进一步地,所述聚乳酸为平均分子量在1×105-7×105范围内的左旋聚乳酸。
进一步地,所述纳米壳聚糖为平均分子量在2×104-2.5×105范围内的壳聚糖。
进一步地,所述柔毛水杨梅甲醇提取物的制备方法为:将干燥的柔毛水杨梅全草剪碎后,以10倍量甲醇室温冷浸提取3次,每次6天,合并提取液,减压40℃浓缩得到总浸膏,总浸膏分散于水中后用正丁醇萃取,得到柔毛水杨梅甲醇提取物。
本发明的目的之二采用如下技术方案实现:
进一步地,上述具有肌肉/骨诱导活性的外层降解后柔性连接的U形骨钉的制备方法,包括以下过程:制备铌合金丝线→碳纤维束两端打结→用铌合金丝线缠绕碳纤维束→置入模具型腔内→浇注镁合金制备镁合金层→浇注锌合金制备锌合金层→浇注钛合金球体→开模→弯曲成U形钉→喷涂钉脚涂层→喷涂钉脚连接体涂层。
相比现有技术,本发明的有益效果在于:
1、本发明的U形骨钉由于锌合金层及镁合金层的存在,使其在手术初期具有足够的刚性和强度。
2、U形骨钉的两钉脚与骨骼接触处有骨诱导活性、两钉脚连接体与肌肉接触处有肌肉生长诱导活性,在对人体骨骼固定后,钉脚涂层可尽快促成新骨生成及成长,钉脚连接体涂层可尽快促成新肌肉的生成及成长。
3、涂层降解后的大部分材料为锌合金及镁合金,是可降解且对人体无害的材料,降解速度与骨骼生长相匹配,并且具有很好的消炎抗菌效果。
4、镁合金降解完后,已愈合的骨骼结合处仍有高强度的碳纤维束及外套的铌丝的柔性连接,两个端头的钛合金球体可将碳纤维束结头固定,碳纤维束具有极强的耐蚀性、极高的抗拉强度和极好的柔韧性,可以长期稳定地存在于人体中且对人体无害,而且保证在受到外力撞击时骨骼结合处不会开裂,铌丝是很好的生物适应性材料,有极好的抗蚀性,不会与人体里的各种液体物质发生作用,且完全不损伤生物的机体组织,对于任何杀菌方法都能适应,可以同有机组织长期结合而无害的留在人体里,既可以弥补骨骼的损伤也可用来补偿肌肉组织。
5、本发明具有肌肉/骨诱导活性的降解后柔性连接的U形骨钉应用于骨折后的两段骨骼的连接,或者整块骨虽未完全断开但却已存在较大裂纹的加固连接,均属开放性骨折或骨裂的手术,U形骨钉植入人体后,两个钉脚插入人骨,依靠钉脚连接体对两块骨骼进行连接。钉脚与人骨接触,由于钉脚涂层具有骨诱导活性,可尽快促成新骨生成及成长,钉脚连接体在骨骼外表面与肌肉接触,由于钉脚连接体涂层具有肌肉诱导活性,可尽快促成新肌肉的生成及成长。此时由于镁合金层及锌合金层的存在,U形骨钉具有足够的刚性,固定效果得到保证。钉脚涂层和钉脚连接体涂层完全降解后,降解速度较慢的锌合金开始降解,然后是降解速度较快的镁合金开始降解,最后露出不可降解的铌丝层,由于铌丝层内是抗拉强度极高的碳纤维束,而铌丝层又有极好的柔韧性,碳纤维束的两个结头均固定在不可降解但生物相容性好的钛合金球中,可保证U形骨钉对已愈合的骨骼具有柔性连接作用。
附图说明
图1为本发明具有肌肉/骨诱导活性的降解后柔性连接的U形骨钉剖视图;
图2为图1中A-A截面图。
图中:1、钛合金球;2、碳纤维束;2-1、结头;2-2、U形束;3、铌丝;4、镁合金层;5、锌合金层;6、钉脚涂层;7、钉脚连接体涂层。
具体实施方式
下面,结合附图以及具体实施方式,对本发明做进一步描述,需要说明的是,在不相冲突的前提下,以下描述的各实施例之间或各技术特征之间可以任意组合形成新的实施例。
实施例1
如图1和2所示:具有肌肉/骨诱导活性的降解后柔性连接的U形骨钉,U形骨钉由复合棒材制备的两个钉脚和连接两个钉脚的钉脚连接体组成,复合棒材包括钛合金球体1、碳纤维束2、铌丝层3、镁合金层4、锌合金层5、钉脚涂层6和钉脚连接体涂层7。
碳纤维束2位于U形骨钉的中心,包括结头2-1和U形束2-2,优选的,碳纤维束2由30-100根碳纤维单丝组成,碳纤维单丝的直径为6.8μm-7.0μm,碳纤维单丝由聚丙烯腈基碳纤维、沥青基碳纤维、黏胶基碳纤维中的任何一种材料制备而成,具有较高的拉伸强度。结头2-1位于U形束2-2的两端,结头2-1呈类圆形,结头2-1位于钛合金球体1内部,碳纤维束2的两个结头均固定在不可降解但生物相容性好的钛合金球体1中,可保证U形骨钉对已愈合的骨骼具有柔性连接作用。钛合金球体1直径与锌合金层5外圆直径相等;
铌丝层3位于碳纤维束2的U形束2-2的外层,具体的,铌丝层3由铌合金丝线缠绕而成,铌合金丝线单层单根紧密缠绕在U形束2-2的外部,铌合金丝线单根两端伸入钛合金球体1内固定。铌合金丝线的化学成分按质量百分比计为:Cu 12.0%-15.0%,La 0.5%-1.5%,余量为Nb,铌合金丝线的直径为0.1mm-0.3mm。铌丝层3内是抗拉强度极高的碳纤维束2,而铌丝层3又有极好的柔韧性,碳纤维束2的两个结头2-1均固定在不可降解但生物相容性好的钛合金球体1中,进一步保证U形骨钉对已愈合的骨骼具有柔性连接作用。
镁合金层4位于铌丝层3的外层,具体的,镁合金层4由镁合金组成,镁合金的化学成分按质量百分比计为:Cu 2.2%-3.2%,Ag 1.5%-2.8%,Sr 1.2%-1.8%,Ca 2.2%-3.2%,Y 0.5%-1.5%,La 1.0%-1.5%,余量为Mg。
锌合金层5位于镁合金层的外层4;锌合金层5由锌合金组成,锌合金的化学成分按质量百分比计为:Mn 2.2%-2.5%,Sr 3.5%-4.0%,Cu 9%-11%,Ag 1%-2%,Ce 0.5%-1.2%,纳米MgO颗粒1.0%-2.2%,余量为Zn。
钉脚涂层6在锌合金层的外层5,位于U形骨钉的钉脚部位,具体的,钉脚涂层6的化学成分按质量百分比计为:纳米β-Ca3(PO4)2颗粒60%-65%,纳米Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2颗粒25%-30%,纳米Mn颗粒1.5%-2.5%,余量为聚乳酸,优选的,聚乳酸为平均分子量在1×105-7×105范围内的左旋聚乳酸。上述涂层对提高钉脚处的骨诱导活性具有明显的作用。
钉脚连接体涂层7在锌合金层5的外层,位于U形骨钉的钉脚连接体部位,具体的,钉脚连接体涂层7的化学成分按质量百分比计为:纳米壳聚糖25%-32%,柔毛水杨梅甲醇提取物35%-42%,余量为丝素蛋白。优选的,纳米壳聚糖为平均分子量在2×104-2.5×105范围内的壳聚糖。上述三种成分协同作用,使钉脚连接体涂层具有肌肉诱导活性,可较快促成新肌肉的生成及成长。
实施例2
具有肌肉/骨诱导活性的降解后柔性连接的U形骨钉的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)制备铌合金丝线:
1)配料,铌合金化学成分按质量百分比计为:Cu 12.0%,La 0.5%,余量为Nb。
2)真空熔炼铌合金,将配好的原料放入非自耗电极水冷铜坩埚电弧炉中,将炉膛抽真空到8×10-4Pa,通入纯度为99.99%的氩气进行3次反复洗气,在氩气气氛下通电熔炼,温度2510℃±5℃,保温60min;
3)铸造成铌合金锭坯;
4)将锭坯在880℃保温45min,然后在850℃进行高温塑性变形,再空冷至室温,获得热变形合金,所述的高温塑性变形为锻造,总变形量为65%-90%;
5)将锻造后的锭坯放入氯化钠和碳酸钡的820℃混合熔盐中保温60min后取出;
6)拉拔成一定规格的铌丝;
7)将铌丝在950℃温度下真空退火2.0h;
8)换用不同型号的模具,重复5)、6)和7)步骤,最终得到直径为0.1μm-0.3μm的铌丝。
(2)取碳纤维束两端打结,用铌合金丝线缠绕碳纤维束,置入模具型腔内;
(3)制备镁合金层:
1)配料,化学成分按质量百分比计为:Cu 2.2%,Ag 1.5%,Sr 1.2%,Ca 2.2%,Y0.5%,La 1.0%,余量为Mg;
2)将配好的原料放入非自耗电极水冷铜坩埚电弧炉中,将炉膛抽真空到8.5×10-4Pa,通入纯度为99.99%的氩气进行3次反复洗气,在氩气气氛下通电熔炼,温度680℃±5℃,保温时间60min;
3)在碳纤维束周围浇注镁合金熔体,得到镁合金层。
(4)制备锌合金层:
1)配料:化学成分按质量百分比计为:Mn 2.2%,Sr 3.5%,Cu 9%,Ag 1%,Ce0.5%,纳米MgO颗粒1.0%,余量为Zn。
2)将配好的原料放入非自耗电极水冷铜坩埚电弧炉中,将炉膛抽真空到8.5×10-4Pa,通入纯度为99.99%的氩气进行3次反复洗气,通电熔炼,温度450℃±5℃,保温时间70min;
3)在镁合金层周围浇注锌合金熔体,得到锌合金层。
(5)在碳纤维束两端的结头处浇筑钛合金球体,开模,弯曲为U型骨钉。
(6)制备钉脚涂层:
1)配料,混合物的化学成分按质量百分比计为:纳米β-Ca3(PO4)2颗粒60%,纳米Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2颗粒25%,纳米Mn颗粒1.5%,余量聚乳酸。
2)将1)中的混合物加入硬脂酸钠乙醇溶液中,控制质量分数在1%,在45℃下搅拌2h,然后采用超声波雾化喷涂,将其涂覆在锌合金层表面。
(7)制备钉脚连接体涂层:
1)制备柔毛水杨梅甲醇提取物:将干燥的柔毛水杨梅全草剪碎后,以10倍量甲醇室温冷浸提取3次,每次6天,合并提取液,减压40℃浓缩得到总浸膏,总浸膏分散于水中后用正丁醇萃取,得到柔毛水杨梅甲醇提取物。
2)配料,混合物的化学成分按质量百分比计为:纳米壳聚糖25%,柔毛水杨梅甲醇提取物35%,余量为丝素蛋白。
3)将2)中混合物溶于有机溶剂中,控制质量分数在3%,然后采用超声波雾化喷涂,将其涂覆在钉脚连接体表面上。
实施例3
具有肌肉/骨诱导活性的降解后柔性连接的U形骨钉的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)制备铌合金丝线:
1)配料,铌合金化学成分按质量百分比计为:Cu 13.5%,La 0.9%,余量为Nb。
2)真空熔炼铌合金,将配好的原料放入非自耗电极水冷铜坩埚电弧炉中,将炉膛抽真空到8×10-4Pa,通入纯度为99.99%的氩气进行3次反复洗气,在氩气气氛下通电熔炼,温度2510℃±5℃,保温60min;
3)铸造成铌合金锭坯;
4)将锭坯在880℃保温45min,然后在850℃进行高温塑性变形,再空冷至室温,获得热变形合金,所述的高温塑性变形为锻造,总变形量为65%-90%;
5)将锻造后的锭坯放入氯化钠和碳酸钡的820℃混合熔盐中保温60min后取出;
6)拉拔成一定规格的铌丝;
7)将铌丝在950℃温度下真空退火2.0h;
8)换用不同型号的模具,重复5)、6)和7)步骤,最终得到直径为0.1μm-0.3μm的铌丝。
(2)取碳纤维束两端打结,用铌合金丝线缠绕碳纤维束,置入模具型腔内;
(3)制备镁合金层:
3)配料,化学成分按质量百分比计为:Cu 2.5%,Ag 1.8%,Sr 1.4%,Ca 2.5%,Y0.8%,La 1.2%,余量为Mg;
4)将配好的原料放入非自耗电极水冷铜坩埚电弧炉中,将炉膛抽真空到8.5×10-4Pa,通入纯度为99.99%的氩气进行3次反复洗气,在氩气气氛下通电熔炼,温度680℃±5℃,保温时间60min;
3)在碳纤维束周围浇注镁合金熔体,得到镁合金层。
(4)制备锌合金层:
1)配料:化学成分按质量百分比计为:Mn 2.3%,Sr 3.6%,Cu 9.6%,Ag 1.2%,Ce 0.6%,纳米MgO颗粒1.2%,余量为Zn。
2)将配好的原料放入非自耗电极水冷铜坩埚电弧炉中,将炉膛抽真空到8.5×10-4Pa,通入纯度为99.99%的氩气进行3次反复洗气,通电熔炼,温度450℃±5℃,保温时间70min;
3)在镁合金层周围浇注锌合金熔体,得到锌合金层。
(5)在碳纤维束两端的结头处浇筑钛合金球体,开模,弯曲为U型骨钉。
(6)制备钉脚涂层:
1)配料,混合物的化学成分按质量百分比计为:纳米β-Ca3(PO4)2颗粒61.5%,纳米Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2颗粒26%,纳米Mn颗粒1.6%,余量聚乳酸。
2)将1)中的混合物加入硬脂酸钠乙醇溶液中,控制质量分数在3%,在45℃下搅拌2h,然后采用超声波雾化喷涂,将其涂覆在锌合金层表面。
(7)制备钉脚连接体涂层:
1)制备柔毛水杨梅甲醇提取物:将干燥的柔毛水杨梅全草剪碎后,以10倍量甲醇室温冷浸提取3次,每次6天,合并提取液,减压40℃浓缩得到总浸膏,总浸膏分散于水中后用正丁醇萃取,得到柔毛水杨梅甲醇提取物。
2)配料,混合物的化学成分按质量百分比计为:纳米壳聚糖27%,柔毛水杨梅甲醇提取物37%,余量为丝素蛋白。
3)将2)中混合物溶于有机溶剂中,控制质量分数在5%,然后采用超声波雾化喷涂,将其涂覆在钉脚连接体表面上。
实施例4
具有肌肉/骨诱导活性的降解后柔性连接的U形骨钉的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)制备铌合金丝线:
1)配料,铌合金化学成分按质量百分比计为:Cu 13.5%,La1.0%,余量为Nb。
2)真空熔炼铌合金,将配好的原料放入非自耗电极水冷铜坩埚电弧炉中,将炉膛抽真空到8×10-4Pa,通入纯度为99.99%的氩气进行3次反复洗气,在氩气气氛下通电熔炼,温度2510℃±5℃,保温60min;
3)铸造成铌合金锭坯;
4)将锭坯在880℃保温45min,然后在850℃进行高温塑性变形,再空冷至室温,获得热变形合金,所述的高温塑性变形为锻造,总变形量为65%-90%;
5)将锻造后的锭坯放入氯化钠和碳酸钡的820℃混合熔盐中保温60min后取出;
6)拉拔成一定规格的铌丝;
7)将铌丝在950℃温度下真空退火2.0h;
8)换用不同型号的模具,重复5)、6)和7)步骤,最终得到直径为0.1μm-0.3μm的铌丝。
(2)取碳纤维束两端打结,用铌合金丝线缠绕碳纤维束,置入模具型腔内;
(3)制备镁合金层:
5)配料,化学成分按质量百分比计为:Cu 2.8%,Ag 2.2%,Sr 1.5%,Ca 2.6%,Y1.1%,La 1.3%,余量为Mg;
6)将配好的原料放入非自耗电极水冷铜坩埚电弧炉中,将炉膛抽真空到8.5×10-4Pa,通入纯度为99.99%的氩气进行3次反复洗气,在氩气气氛下通电熔炼,温度680℃±5℃,保温时间60min;
3)在碳纤维束周围浇注镁合金熔体,得到镁合金层。
(4)制备锌合金层:
1)配料:化学成分按质量百分比计为Mn 2.4%,Sr 3.8%,Cu 9.8%,Ag 1.6%,Ce0.9%,纳米MgO颗粒1.6%,余量为Zn。
2)将配好的原料放入非自耗电极水冷铜坩埚电弧炉中,将炉膛抽真空到8.5×10-4Pa,通入纯度为99.99%的氩气进行3次反复洗气,通电熔炼,温度450℃±5℃,保温时间70min;
3)在镁合金层周围浇注锌合金熔体,得到锌合金层。
(5)在碳纤维束两端的结头处浇筑钛合金球体,开模,弯曲为U型骨钉。
(6)制备钉脚涂层:
1)配料,混合物的化学成分按质量百分比计为:纳米β-Ca3(PO4)2颗粒62%,纳米Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2颗粒27%,纳米Mn颗粒2.0%,余量聚乳酸。
2)将1)中的混合物加入硬脂酸钠乙醇溶液中,控制质量分数在4%,在45℃下搅拌2h,然后采用超声波雾化喷涂,将其涂覆在锌合金层表面。
(7)制备钉脚连接体涂层:
1)制备柔毛水杨梅甲醇提取物:将干燥的柔毛水杨梅全草剪碎后,以10倍量甲醇室温冷浸提取3次,每次6天,合并提取液,减压40℃浓缩得到总浸膏,总浸膏分散于水中后用正丁醇萃取,得到柔毛水杨梅甲醇提取物。
2)配料,混合物的化学成分按质量百分比计为:纳米壳聚糖29%,柔毛水杨梅甲醇提取物38%,余量为丝素蛋白。
3)将2)中混合物溶于有机溶剂中,控制质量分数在7%,然后采用超声波雾化喷涂,将其涂覆在钉脚连接体表面上。
实施例5
实施例1所述具有肌肉/骨诱导活性的降解后柔性连接的U形骨钉的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)制备铌合金丝线:
1)配料,铌合金化学成分按质量百分比计为:Cu 15.0%,La 1.5%,余量为Nb。
2)真空熔炼铌合金,将配好的原料放入非自耗电极水冷铜坩埚电弧炉中,将炉膛抽真空到8×10-4Pa,通入纯度为99.99%的氩气进行3次反复洗气,在氩气气氛下通电熔炼,温度2510℃±5℃,保温60min;
3)铸造成铌合金锭坯;
4)将锭坯在880℃保温45min,然后在850℃进行高温塑性变形,再空冷至室温,获得热变形合金,所述的高温塑性变形为锻造,总变形量为65%-90%;
5)将锻造后的锭坯放入氯化钠和碳酸钡的820℃混合熔盐中保温60min后取出;
6)拉拔成一定规格的铌丝;
7)将铌丝在950℃温度下真空退火2.0h;
8)换用不同型号的模具,重复5)、6)和7)步骤,最终得到直径为0.1μm-0.3μm的铌丝。
(2)取碳纤维束两端打结,用铌合金丝线缠绕碳纤维束,置入模具型腔内;
(3)制备镁合金层:
7)配料,化学成分按质量百分比计为:Cu 3.2%,Ag 2.8%,Sr 1.8%,Ca 3.2%,Y1.5%,La 1.5%,余量为Mg;
8)将配好的原料放入非自耗电极水冷铜坩埚电弧炉中,将炉膛抽真空到8.5×10-4Pa,通入纯度为99.99%的氩气进行3次反复洗气,在氩气气氛下通电熔炼,温度680℃±5℃,保温时间60min;
3)在碳纤维束周围浇注镁合金熔体,得到镁合金层。
(4)制备锌合金层:
1)配料:化学成分按质量百分比计为Mn 2.5%,Sr 4.0%,Cu 11%,Ag 2%,Ce1.2%,纳米MgO颗粒2.2%,余量为Zn。
2)将配好的原料放入非自耗电极水冷铜坩埚电弧炉中,将炉膛抽真空到8.5×10-4Pa,通入纯度为99.99%的氩气进行3次反复洗气,通电熔炼,温度450℃±5℃,保温时间70min;
3)在镁合金层周围浇注锌合金熔体,得到锌合金层。
(5)在碳纤维束两端的结头处浇筑钛合金球体,开模,弯曲为U型骨钉。
(6)制备钉脚涂层:
1)配料,混合物的化学成分按质量百分比计为:纳米β-Ca3(PO4)2颗粒65%,纳米Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2颗粒30%,纳米Mn颗粒2.5%,余量聚乳酸。
2)将1)中的混合物加入硬脂酸钠乙醇溶液中,控制质量分数在5%,在45℃下搅拌2h,然后采用超声波雾化喷涂,将其涂覆在锌合金层表面。
(7)制备钉脚连接体涂层:
1)制备柔毛水杨梅甲醇提取物:将干燥的柔毛水杨梅全草剪碎后,以10倍量甲醇室温冷浸提取3次,每次6天,合并提取液,减压40℃浓缩得到总浸膏,总浸膏分散于水中后用正丁醇萃取,得到柔毛水杨梅甲醇提取物。
2)配料,混合物的化学成分按质量百分比计为:纳米壳聚糖32%,柔毛水杨梅甲醇提取物42%,余量为丝素蛋白。
3)将2)中混合物溶于有机溶剂中,控制质量分数在8%,然后采用超声波雾化喷涂,将其涂覆在钉脚连接体表面上。
上述实施方式仅为本发明的优选实施方式,不能以此来限定本发明保护的范围,本领域的技术人员在本发明的基础上所做的任何非实质性的变化及替换均属于本发明所要求保护的范围。
Claims (10)
1.具有肌肉/骨诱导活性的降解后柔性连接的U形骨钉,其特征在于:所述U形骨钉由复合棒材制备的两个钉脚和连接两个钉脚的钉脚连接体组成,所述复合棒材包括钛合金球体(1)、碳纤维束(2)、铌丝层(3)、镁合金层(4)、锌合金层(5)、钉脚涂层(6)和钉脚连接体涂层(7);
所述碳纤维束(2)位于U形骨钉的中心,包括结头(2-1)和U形束(2-2),所述结头(2-1)位于U形束(2-2)的两端,所述结头(2-1)呈类圆形,所述结头(2-1)位于钛合金球体(1)内部,所述钛合金球体(1)直径与锌合金层(5)外圆的直径相等;
所述铌丝层(3)位于所述碳纤维束(2)的U形束(2-2)的外层;
所述镁合金层(4)位于所述铌丝层(3)的外层;
所述锌合金层(5)位于所述镁合金层的外层(4);
所述钉脚涂层(6)在锌合金层的外层(5),位于U形骨钉的钉脚部位,具有骨诱导活性;
所述钉脚连接体涂层(7)在锌合金层(5)的外层,位于U形骨钉的钉脚连接体部位,具有肌肉诱导活性。
2.根据权利要求1所述具有肌肉/骨诱导活性的降解后柔性连接的U形骨钉,其特征在于:所述碳纤维束(2)由30-100根碳纤维单丝组成,所述的碳纤维单丝的直径为6.8μm-7.0μm。
3.根据权利要求2所述具有肌肉/骨诱导活性的降解后柔性连接的U形骨钉,其特征在于:所述碳纤维单丝由聚丙烯腈基碳纤维、沥青基碳纤维、黏胶基碳纤维中的任一种材料制备而成。
4.根据权利要求1所述具有肌肉/骨诱导活性的降解后柔性连接的U形骨钉,其特征在于:所述铌丝层(3)由铌合金丝线缠绕而成,所述铌合金丝线单层单根缠绕在U形束(2-2)的外部,所述铌合金丝线单根两端伸入钛合金球体(1)内固定。
5.根据权利要求4所述具有肌肉/骨诱导活性的降解后柔性连接的U形骨钉,其特征在于:所述铌合金丝线的化学成分按质量百分比计为:Cu 12.0%-15.0%,La 0.5%-1.5%,余量为Nb,所述铌合金丝线的直径为0.1mm-0.3mm。
6.根据权利要求1所述具有肌肉/骨诱导活性的降解后柔性连接的U形骨钉,其特征在于:所述镁合金层(4)由镁合金组成,所述镁合金的化学成分按质量百分比计为:Cu 2.2%-3.2%,Ag 1.5%-2.8%,Sr1.2%-1.8%,Ca 2.2%-3.2%,Y 0.5%-1.5%,La 1.0%-1.5%,余量为Mg;所述锌合金层(5)由锌合金组成,所述锌合金的化学成分按质量百分比计为:Mn 2.2%-2.5%,Sr 3.5%-4.0%,Cu 9%-11%,Ag 1%-2%,Ce0.5%-1.2%,纳米MgO颗粒1.0%-2.2%,余量为Zn。
7.根据权利要求1所述具有肌肉/骨诱导活性的降解后柔性连接的U形骨钉,其特征在于:所述钉脚涂层(6)的化学成分按质量百分比计为:纳米β-Ca3(PO4)2颗粒60%-65%,纳米Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2颗粒25%-30%,纳米Mn颗粒1.5%-2.5%,余量为聚乳酸;所述钉脚连接体涂层(7)的化学成分按质量百分比计为:纳米壳聚糖25%-32%,柔毛水杨梅甲醇提取物35%-42%,余量为丝素蛋白。
8.根据权利要求7所述具有肌肉/骨诱导活性的降解后柔性连接的U形骨钉,其特征在于:所述聚乳酸为平均分子量在1×105-7×105范围内的左旋聚乳酸;所述纳米壳聚糖为平均分子量在2×104-2.5×105范围内的壳聚糖。
9.根据权利要求7所述具有肌肉/骨诱导活性的降解后柔性连接的U形骨钉,其特征在于:所述柔毛水杨梅甲醇提取物的制备方法为:将干燥的柔毛水杨梅全草剪碎后,以10倍量甲醇室温冷浸提取3次,每次6天,合并提取液,减压40℃浓缩得到总浸膏,总浸膏分散于水中后用正丁醇萃取,得到柔毛水杨梅甲醇提取物。
10.如权利要求1至9任一项所述具有肌肉/骨诱导活性的降解后柔性连接的U形骨钉的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下过程:制备铌合金丝线→碳纤维束两端打结→用铌合金丝线缠绕碳纤维束→置入模具型腔内→浇注镁合金制备镁合金层→浇注锌合金制备锌合金层→浇注钛合金球体→开模→弯曲成U形钉→喷涂钉脚涂层→喷涂钉脚连接体涂层。
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CN109022843A (zh) * | 2018-08-01 | 2018-12-18 | 郑州大学第附属医院 | 一种医用植入可降解复合棒材及其制备方法 |
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CN109022843A (zh) * | 2018-08-01 | 2018-12-18 | 郑州大学第附属医院 | 一种医用植入可降解复合棒材及其制备方法 |
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