CN111226837A - 一种投喂膨化配合饲料的鳜鱼养殖方法 - Google Patents
一种投喂膨化配合饲料的鳜鱼养殖方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种投喂膨化配合饲料的鳜鱼养殖方法，包括如下步骤：选择面积5‑15亩，水深2.5m以上、进排水方便、水质良好的池塘；在池塘中央架设网箱，网箱与塘梗之间用浮桥连接；每个网箱内设置两个纳米微孔增氧盘和一个投料区，网箱外设置2‑4台水车式增氧机；向驯化网箱中加入鳜鱼苗进行驯化，驯化到吃鳜鱼膨化配合饲料；筛选40～60g的已适应吃饲料的鳜鱼种分入养殖网箱，并投喂鳜鱼膨化配合饲料；网箱外搭配花鲢种、白鲢种、草鱼种、罗氏沼虾。本发明采用在池塘中架设网箱投喂膨化配合饲料养殖鳜鱼的方式，具有生长速度快、养殖成品规格整齐、固定投入低、水质容易调控、捕捞方便、投喂方便等优势，可以明显地提高鳜鱼养殖产业的生态效益、经济效益和社会效益。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及水产养殖技术领域，具体涉及一种投喂膨化配合饲料的鳜鱼养殖方法。
背景技术
我国鳜鱼有十几个品种，其中翘嘴鳜因生长速度快、对环境适应能力强、肉质鲜嫩，深受消费者青睐，经济价值较高，是最主要的鳜鱼养殖品种。鳜鱼属凶猛类肉食性动物，从仔鱼开始，终生以活鱼虾为食，且饵料系数通常在4以上，通常需要配套4倍鳜鱼以上的活鱼饵料养殖设施，而且活鱼饵料会携带各种病毒，导致鳜鱼极易发病，极大的限制了鳜鱼的规模化生产。
现有的鳜鱼以池塘养殖为主，而且主要依靠活饵，劳动强度大，养殖成本高。目前有部分流水跑道、工厂化、池塘的饲料养殖成功案例报道，但也存在投入大、风险大(流水跑道、工厂化)、规格不整齐、成活率偏低(池塘散养)等问题。绝大部分案例中使用的是粉状饲料压成软颗粒来投喂，存在加工比较繁琐，投喂量不容易把握，易造成饲料浪费和污染养殖水体等问题；对水体残饵粪便的综合利用也没有较好的方案。
因此，亟需研究出一种科学高效的鳜鱼养殖方式。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种投喂膨化配合饲料的鳜鱼养殖方法，通过在池塘中架设网箱逐步驯化后投喂膨化配合饲料精养鳜鱼，网箱外搭配花白鲢、草鱼、罗氏沼虾，具有能提高水体利用率，增加池塘产量，增加养殖户的收入等优势。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案如下：
一种投喂膨化配合饲料的鳜鱼养殖方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)选择面积5-15亩，水深2.5m以上、进排水方便、水质良好的池塘；
(2)在池塘中央架设若干长6m、宽6m、高2m的网箱，网箱入水深1.5m，网箱与塘梗之间用浮桥连接；
(3)每个网箱内设置两个纳米微孔增氧盘和一个投料区，网箱外设置2-4台水车式增氧机；
(4)向驯化网箱中加入规格100尾/斤鳜鱼苗进行驯化，密度为150尾/平方米，先用活饵逐步过渡到使用死饵，待鳜鱼能够集中吃死饵后再逐步过渡到吃鳜鱼膨化配合饲料；
(5)筛选质量为40～60g的已适应吃饲料的鳜鱼种分入养殖网箱，并投喂鳜鱼膨化配合饲料，养殖密度为50尾/m2，不够规格或摄食不佳的鳜鱼种留在驯化网箱继续驯化；
(6)网箱外搭配质量为200～300g的花鲢种30尾/亩、白鲢种50尾/亩、草鱼种50尾/亩、罗氏沼虾2000尾/亩，花鲢和白鲢用于控制水质，草鱼、罗氏沼虾用于摄食剩余饵料和粪便。
根据以上方案，所述池塘在进水前每亩用生石灰100-150kg全池泼洒，5-7天后，灌水至水深1m，每亩施放EM菌液2.5L/亩、酵母膏2kg/亩，然后再分2～3次加水到满池。
根据以上方案，所述网箱的总面积不超过池塘面积的15％，网目规格为2～4cm，在鳜鱼苗放养前悬挂7-10天，网箱光滑后放入鳜鱼苗，以免造成刮伤。
根据以上方案，所述纳米微孔增氧盘的直径为0.8m，并与置于岸上的罗茨增氧机通过管道连接，所述投料区采用直径75mm PVC管连接成边长为1.5m的方框。
根据以上方案，所述鳜鱼种、花鲢种、白鲢种、草鱼种放苗前用质量浓度为2g/m3的聚维酮碘水溶液浸泡3-5min。
根据以上方案，所述鳜鱼膨化配合饲料由以下质量份数的原料组成：秘鲁鱼粉40-50份，豆粕15-25份，花生麸7-15份，肉骨粉5-10份，血球蛋白粉2-5份，高筋面粉13-18份，小麦面筋蛋白3-5粉，乌贼膏1-3份，酵母膏2-3份，磷酸二氢钙0.5-2份，鱼油1-2份，豆油1-2份，大豆磷脂1-2份，维生素预混料0.1-0.2份，矿物质预混料0.2-0.5份，功能性添加剂0.6-1.8份，所述功能性添加剂为氯化胆碱0.2-0.5份，甘氨酸0.1-0.3份，牛磺酸0.1-0.4份，酵母核苷酸0.3-0.6份。
根据以上方案，所述鳜鱼膨化配合饲料制备方法为：原料经超微粉碎、混合、膨化机制粒，然后烘干、冷却、喷涂油脂，即得成品。
本发明的有益效果是：
本发明采用池塘中架设网箱投喂膨化配合饲料养殖鳜鱼的方式，具有生长速度快、养殖成品规格整齐、固定投入低、水质容易调控、捕捞方便、投喂方便等优势，还可以根据市场行情提供任意规格的上市鳜鱼，同时网箱外搭配各类混养鱼虾，显著提高了饲料和池塘的利用效率，可以明显地提高鳜鱼养殖产业的生态效益、经济效益和社会效益。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明的技术方案进行说明。
实施例1：
本发明提供一种投喂膨化配合饲料的鳜鱼养殖方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)选择面积5亩，水深2.6米、进排水方便、水质良好的池塘，池塘在进水前每亩用生石灰100kg全池泼洒，7天后，灌水至水深为1m左右，每亩施放EM菌液2.5L/亩、酵母膏2kg/亩，然后逐渐加水到2.5米；
(2)在池塘中央架设长×宽×高分别为6m×6m×2m(入水深1.5米)规格的网箱10个(总面积360m2)，网箱网目规格为2cm，在鳜鱼种放养前悬挂7天，待网箱光滑后才可放鱼，以免造成刮伤，网箱与塘梗之间用浮桥连接；
(3)每个网箱内设置纳米微孔增氧盘两个(直径0.8m)和一个1.5m×1.5m的PVC方框，网箱外根据情况设置2台水车式增氧机，纳米微孔增氧盘与置于岸上的罗茨增氧机通过管道进行连接；
(4)驯化网箱入规格100尾/斤鳜鱼苗进行驯化，密度150尾/m2，先用活饵逐步过渡到使用死饵，待能够集中吃死饵后再逐步过渡到吃鳜鱼膨化配合饲料，鳜鱼种放苗前用质量浓度为2g/m3的聚维酮碘水溶液浸泡5min；
(5)筛选1两左右完全适应饲料、规格整齐的鳜鱼种分入养殖网箱并投喂适宜规格的鳜鱼膨化配合饲料，养殖密度50尾/m2，不够规格或者摄食不佳的鱼留在原网箱接着驯化；
(6)网箱外搭配规格半斤左右的花鲢种30尾/亩、白鲢种50尾/亩用于控制水质，另外搭配草鱼种50尾/亩、罗氏沼虾2000尾/亩摄食剩余饵料和粪便，花鲢种、白鲢种、草鱼种放苗前用质量浓度为2g/m3的聚维酮碘水溶液浸泡5min。
进一步地，所述鳜鱼膨化配合饲料由以下质量份数的原料组成：秘鲁鱼粉50份，豆粕10份，花生麸7份，肉骨粉5份，血球蛋白粉3份，高筋面粉13份，乌贼膏2份，酵母膏2份，磷酸二氢钙1份，鱼油2份，豆油2份，大豆磷脂2份，维生素预混料0.1份，氯化胆碱0.3份，甘氨酸0.1份，牛磺酸0.2份，酵母核苷酸0.3份，经超微粉碎、混合、膨化机制粒，然后烘干、冷却、喷涂油脂制备而成。
实施例2：
本发明提供一种投喂膨化配合饲料的鳜鱼养殖方法，基本同实施例1，不同之处在于：所述池塘面积为10亩，所述网箱为20个(总面积720m2)，网箱网目规格为4cm；所述鳜鱼膨化配合饲料由以下质量份数的原料组成：秘鲁鱼粉45份，豆粕13份，花生麸7份，肉骨粉5份，血球蛋白粉3份，高筋面粉15份，乌贼膏2份，酵母膏2份，磷酸二氢钙1份，鱼油2份，豆油2份，大豆磷脂2份，维生素预混料0.1份，氯化胆碱0.3份，甘氨酸0.1份，牛磺酸0.2份，酵母核苷酸0.3份。
以上实施例仅用以说明而非限制本发明的技术方案，尽管上述实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域的相关技术人员应当理解：可以对本发明进行修改或者同等替换，但不脱离本发明精神和范围的任何修改和局部替换均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围内。
Claims (7)
1.一种投喂膨化配合饲料的鳜鱼养殖方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
(1)选择面积5-15亩，水深2.5m以上、进排水方便、水质良好的池塘；
(2)在池塘中央架设若干长6m、宽6m、高2m的网箱，网箱入水深1.5m，网箱与塘梗之间用浮桥连接；
(3)每个网箱内设置两个纳米微孔增氧盘和一个投料区，网箱外设置2-4台水车式增氧机；
(4)向驯化网箱中加入规格100尾/斤鳜鱼苗进行驯化，密度为150尾/平方米，先用活饵逐步过渡到使用死饵，待鳜鱼能够集中吃死饵后再逐步过渡到吃鳜鱼膨化配合饲料；
(5)筛选质量为40～60g的已适应吃饲料的鳜鱼种分入养殖网箱，并投喂鳜鱼膨化配合饲料，养殖密度为50尾/m2，不够规格或摄食不佳的鳜鱼种留在驯化网箱继续驯化；
(6)网箱外搭配质量为200～300g的花鲢种30尾/亩、白鲢种50尾/亩、草鱼种50尾/亩、罗氏沼虾2000尾/亩。
2.根据权利要求1所述的投喂膨化配合饲料的鳜鱼养殖方法，其特征在于，所述池塘在进水前每亩用生石灰100-150kg全池泼洒，5-7天后，灌水至水深1m，每亩施放EM菌液2.5L/亩、酵母膏2kg/亩，然后再分2～3次加水到满池。
3.根据权利要求1所述的投喂膨化配合饲料的鳜鱼养殖方法，其特征在于，所述网箱的总面积不超过池塘面积的15％，网目规格为2～4cm，在鳜鱼苗放养前悬挂7-10天，网箱光滑后放入鳜鱼苗，以免造成刮伤。
4.根据权利要求1所述的投喂膨化配合饲料的鳜鱼养殖方法，其特征在于，所述纳米微孔增氧盘的直径为0.8m，并与置于岸上的罗茨增氧机通过管道连接，所述投料区采用直径75mm PVC管连接成边长为1.5m的方框。
5.根据权利要求1所述的投喂膨化配合饲料的鳜鱼养殖方法，其特征在于，所述鳜鱼种、花鲢种、白鲢种、草鱼种放苗前用质量浓度为2g/m3的聚维酮碘水溶液浸泡3-5min。
6.根据权利要求1所述的投喂膨化配合饲料的鳜鱼养殖方法，其特征在于，所述鳜鱼膨化配合饲料由以下质量份数的原料组成：秘鲁鱼粉40-50份，豆粕15-25份，花生麸7-15份，肉骨粉5-10份，血球蛋白粉2-5份，高筋面粉13-18份，小麦面筋蛋白3-5粉，乌贼膏1-3份，酵母膏2-3份，磷酸二氢钙0.5-2份，鱼油1-2份，豆油1-2份，大豆磷脂1-2份，维生素预混料0.1-0.2份，矿物质预混料0.2-0.5份，功能性添加剂0.6-1.8份，所述功能性添加剂为氯化胆碱0.2-0.5份，甘氨酸0.1-0.3份，牛磺酸0.1-0.4份，酵母核苷酸0.3-0.6份。
7.根据权利要求1或6所述的投喂膨化配合饲料的鳜鱼养殖方法，其特征在于，所述鳜鱼膨化配合饲料制备方法为：原料经超微粉碎、混合、膨化机制粒，然后烘干、冷却、喷涂油脂，即得成品。
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Application publication date: 20200605 |