CN111226531A - Method for rapidly improving soil nutrients of degraded forest ecological system - Google Patents
Method for rapidly improving soil nutrients of degraded forest ecological system Download PDFInfo
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- CN111226531A CN111226531A CN202010194910.3A CN202010194910A CN111226531A CN 111226531 A CN111226531 A CN 111226531A CN 202010194910 A CN202010194910 A CN 202010194910A CN 111226531 A CN111226531 A CN 111226531A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C11/00—Other nitrogenous fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
- C05F11/08—Organic fertilisers containing added bacterial cultures, mycelia or the like
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for quickly improving soil nutrients of a degraded forest ecological system, which comprises the following steps: 1) soil preparation and soil turning; 2) planting water-retaining plants; 3) adding a water-retaining agent into the soil; 4) mixing the biogas slurry and the biomass carbon powder according to the mass ratio of 1-5: 1, and applying the mixture into soil. The invention improves the soil quality in all directions by measures of fixing soil moisture, adding nutrient substances and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil remediation, in particular to a method for quickly improving soil nutrients of a degraded forest ecological system.
Background
The forest ecosystem is a biological community mainly comprising woody plants, wherein arbors, shrubs, herbaceous plants, animals, microorganisms and soil are interdependent and restricted and mutually influence with the environment, so that a stable ecosystem is formed. It has rich species, complex structure and various functions, and is known as 'lung of earth'. However, due to unreasonable management and excessive felling and wastefully-cutting of human beings, the number of species in the forest is gradually reduced, so that the forest ecological system is extremely degraded, the water-retaining capacity of the soil is reduced, and the nutrient loss is serious.
In the prior art, a plurality of methods for soil remediation aiming at a degraded forest ecosystem exist, wherein the method for applying compound fertilizer to soil is more, but the method can only temporarily enrich the soil, can cause salinization of the soil after long-term use, and has half the result.
Therefore, how to provide a method capable of effectively improving soil nutrients of a degraded forest ecosystem is an urgent problem to be solved by technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a method for rapidly improving soil nutrients of a degraded forest ecosystem, which improves the soil quality in an all-round way through measures such as soil moisture fixation, nutrient substance addition and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for quickly improving soil nutrients of a degraded forest ecosystem comprises the following steps:
1) soil preparation and soil turning; 2) planting water-retaining plants; 3) adding a water-retaining agent into the soil; 4) mixing the biogas slurry and the biomass carbon powder according to the mass ratio of 1-5: 1, and applying the mixture into soil.
The technical effect achieved by the technical scheme is as follows: soil preparation and turning are carried out, so that soil loosening is guaranteed, and planting and growth of plants are facilitated; the water retention plants and the water retention agent can effectively fix water in soil and prevent water and soil loss, so that loss of nutrient components is prevented, and the developed root systems and stronger photosynthesis of the water retention plants can effectively loosen the soil and provide nutrients for the soil while the water retention plants fix the soil water; the biogas slurry neutralizes the biomass carbon powder, so that organic carbon, organic nitrogen, organic phosphorus and other nutrient elements can be provided for the soil, and the nutrients of the soil can be rapidly improved.
As a preferable technical scheme, the water-retaining tree species comprise tall trees, small trees, herbaceous plants and ornamental plants.
As the preferred technical scheme of the invention, the planting row spacing of the tall trees and the small trees is 1-1.5 m; the plant spacing is 0.8-1.2 m; herbaceous plants and ornamental plants are planted among the rows.
The technical effect achieved by the technical scheme is as follows: selecting suitable-growing, fast-growing and developed-root-system native broad-leaved tree species, and simulating natural forest communities to perform landscape configuration and arrange the tree species in a suitable place according to the forest ecological principle and the multi-tree species, multi-level and multi-functional forest stand structures according to the characteristics of the tree species such as the height of the tree species, the depth of the root system, the growth speed, the preference, the color of flowers and leaves, the ecological function, the landscape effect and the like.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the water-retaining agent is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-80 parts of acrylic acid, 10-15 parts of sodium hydroxide, 1-5 parts of potassium persulfate, 1-5 parts of borax, 5-20 parts of starch and 1-5 parts of alanine.
The technical effect achieved by the technical scheme is as follows: acrylic acid: the main raw material of the polymerization reaction is also the basis of the reaction, and the polymer of the polymerization reaction is a high water absorption material; sodium hydroxide: a catalyst for the polymerization reaction; potassium persulfate: an initiator for the polymerization reaction; starch: reducing the diameter of polymer particles to refine molecules; increase the water absorption capacity and the nutrient elements of the plants; and (2) methionine: high protein substance, increase polymer organic component; conventional fertilizers: namely nitrogen phosphorus potassium and trace element fertilizers, are important nutrients required by plant growth.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, before adding the water-retaining agent, a pit with the width of 0.3-0.5m and the depth of 0.3-0.5m is dug between two adjacent plants; then, sequentially adding 5-10kg of compound fertilizer and 15-25kg of water-retaining agent into the mixture; finally covering soil and covering with preservative film.
The water-retaining agent is placed in the middle of the compound fertilizer, can fully absorb water, slowly permeates downwards, carries nutrient elements in the compound fertilizer and permeates into soil; the preservative film can effectively prevent water from evaporating.
As the preferable technical scheme of the invention, the biogas slurry is derived from liquid residues of slaughterhouse organic garbage fermented by a biogas digester.
If the rubbish in slaughterhouse can pollute the environment in untimely clearance, this application utilizes it to ferment, has protected the environment on the one hand, is rich in multiple microorganism and organic matter in its fermentation product of on the other hand, can promote the nutrient composition of soil fast.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention: the biomass carbon powder is produced by taking dead branches of trees as raw materials.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method further comprises: 5) applying the microbial liquid to the soil.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the microbial liquid is prepared by mixing fermentation liquids of bacillus subtilis, lactic acid bacteria and bacillus amyloliquefaciens according to any proportion.
The technical effect achieved by the technical scheme is as follows: the microbial liquid is rich in various microorganisms, the microorganisms are metabolized in soil, and metabolites of the microorganisms are rich in various amino acids and other nutrient substances, so that the purpose of fertilizing the soil is achieved.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention discloses a method for quickly improving soil nutrients of a degraded forest ecological system, and the technical effects are as follows:
according to the method, the soil is repaired in an all-around and multi-angle manner by planting water-retaining tree seeds, adding the water-retaining agent and biogas slurry and other measures, so that the balance of a forest ecological system is restored while the nutrient content of the soil is improved;
the invention effectively maintains the water content of the soil and prevents water and soil loss and nutrient loss by limiting the composition of the water-retaining agent and the adding mode of the water-retaining agent.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The preparation method of the water-retaining agent used in the invention comprises the following steps: acrylic acid, starch, alanine and borax are subjected to polymerization reaction at normal temperature according to a certain weight ratio, potassium persulfate and sodium hydroxide are added after 0.5h of reaction, secondary reaction is continuously carried out at 70 ℃, discharging is carried out after 4h, drying and dehydration are carried out, the mixture is crushed to 0.25mm, and finally aluminum foil is adopted for packaging to obtain a finished product.
The preparation process of the microbial liquid used in the invention is as follows: respectively placing bacillus subtilis (purchased from Shandong Nuojie science and technology limited company), bacillus amyloliquefaciens (purchased from Weifang Yihao biotechnology limited company) and lactobacillus (purchased from Weifang Yihao biotechnology limited company) into an LB liquid culture medium, and performing expanded culture on strains to obtain expanded culture liquid of the strains; then correspondingly putting the culture expanding solutions of the three strains into a fermentation tank filled with dead branches and leaves of trees and kitchen garbage, setting a temperature suitable for the growth of the strains, fermenting, and after 12 hours, combining the fermentation liquors in the three fermentation tanks to obtain a microbial solution, wherein the application amount of the microbial solution is 1kg/m2And (3) soil.
Example 1
1. A method for quickly improving soil nutrients of a degraded forest ecosystem comprises the following steps:
1) soil preparation and soil turning;
2) planting poplar, phoenix tree and willow; the row spacing of planting in the seeds and between the seeds is 1m, and the plant spacing is 0.8 m; planting 1 row of erigeron breviscapus among rows, wherein the planting distance of the erigeron breviscapus is 0.2 m;
3) digging a pit with the width of 0.3m and the depth of 0.3m between two adjacent plants; then, sequentially adding 5kg of compound fertilizer and 15kg of water-retaining agent into the mixture; finally, covering soil and covering with a preservative film; the water-retaining agent is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of acrylic acid, 10 parts of sodium hydroxide, 1 part of potassium persulfate, 1 part of borax, 5 parts of starch and 1 part of alanine.
4) Mixing the biogas slurry and the biomass carbon powder according to the mass ratio of 1: 1, and applying the mixture into soil; applying 3kg of a mixture of biogas slurry and biomass charcoal to each square meter of soil; wherein the biogas slurry is derived from liquid residues of slaughterhouse organic garbage fermented by a biogas digester; the charcoal powder is produced by using dead branches of trees as raw materials.
Example 2
1. A method for quickly improving soil nutrients of a degraded forest ecosystem comprises the following steps:
1) soil preparation and soil turning;
2) planting poplar, maple and golden leaf elm; the row spacing of planting in the seeds and between the seeds is 1.1m, and the plant spacing is 0.9 m; 1 row of ornamental apples are planted among the rows, and the row spacing of the ornamental apples is 0.5 m;
3) digging a pit with the width of 0.5m and the depth of 0.5m between two adjacent plants; then, 6kg of compound fertilizer and 17kg of water-retaining agent are sequentially added into the mixture; finally, covering soil and covering with a preservative film; the water-retaining agent is prepared from 65 parts by weight of acrylic acid, 11 parts by weight of sodium hydroxide, 2 parts by weight of potassium persulfate, 2 parts by weight of borax, 10 parts by weight of starch and 2 parts by weight of alanine.
4) Mixing biogas slurry and biomass carbon powder according to the mass ratio of 2: 1, and applying the mixture into soil; applying 3kg of a mixture of biogas slurry and biomass charcoal to each square meter of soil; wherein the biogas slurry is derived from liquid residues of slaughterhouse organic garbage fermented by a biogas digester; the charcoal powder is produced by using dead branches of trees as raw materials.
5) And (3) applying a microbial liquid to the soil, wherein the microbial liquid is prepared by mixing fermentation liquids of bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus and bacillus amyloliquefaciens according to any proportion.
Example 3
1. A method for quickly improving soil nutrients of a degraded forest ecosystem comprises the following steps:
1) soil preparation and soil turning;
2) planting the purple sweater, the pine and the jujube tree; the row spacing of planting in the seeds and between the seeds is 1.2m, and the plant spacing is 1.0 m; 1 row of geraniums are planted among the rows, and the planting distance of the geraniums is 0.6 m;
3) digging a pit with the width of 0.4m and the depth of 0.4m between two adjacent plants; then, sequentially adding 7kg of compound fertilizer and 19kg of water-retaining agent; finally, covering soil and covering with a preservative film; the water-retaining agent is prepared from the following raw materials, by weight, 70 parts of acrylic acid, 13 parts of sodium hydroxide, 3 parts of potassium persulfate, 3 parts of borax, 15 parts of starch and 3 parts of alanine.
4) Mixing biogas slurry and biomass carbon powder according to the mass ratio of 3: 1, and applying the mixture into soil; applying 3kg of a mixture of biogas slurry and biomass charcoal to the soil with the square meter; wherein the biogas slurry is derived from liquid residues of slaughterhouse organic garbage fermented by a biogas digester; the charcoal powder is produced by using dead branches of trees as raw materials.
5) And (3) applying a microbial liquid to the soil, wherein the microbial liquid is prepared by mixing fermentation liquids of bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus and bacillus amyloliquefaciens according to any proportion.
Example 4
1. A method for quickly improving soil nutrients of a degraded forest ecosystem comprises the following steps:
1) soil preparation and soil turning;
2) planting maple, Chinese tulip tree and Euonymus holly; the row spacing of planting in the seeds and between the seeds is 1.4m, and the plant spacing is 1.1 m; planting 1 row winter sowing between rows, wherein the plant spacing of the winter sowing is 0.3 m;
3) digging a pit with the width of 0.5m and the depth of 0.3m between two adjacent plants; then, sequentially adding 9kg of compound fertilizer and 22kg of water-retaining agent into the mixture; finally, covering soil and covering with a preservative film; the water-retaining agent is prepared from the following raw materials, by weight, 75 parts of acrylic acid, 14 parts of sodium hydroxide, 4 parts of potassium persulfate, 4 parts of borax, 18 parts of starch and 4 parts of alanine.
4) Mixing the biogas slurry and the biomass carbon powder according to the mass ratio of 4: 1, and applying the mixture into soil; applying 3kg of a mixture of biogas slurry and biomass charcoal to each square meter of soil; wherein the biogas slurry is derived from liquid residues of slaughterhouse organic garbage fermented by a biogas digester; the charcoal powder is produced by using dead branches of trees as raw materials.
5) And (3) applying a microbial liquid to the soil, wherein the microbial liquid is prepared by mixing fermentation liquids of bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus and bacillus amyloliquefaciens according to any proportion.
Example 5
1. A method for quickly improving soil nutrients of a degraded forest ecosystem comprises the following steps:
1) soil preparation and soil turning;
2) planting horse chestnut and oleander; the row spacing of planting in the seeds and between the seeds is 1.5m, and the plant spacing is 1.2 m; 1 row of magnolia is planted among the rows, and the planting distance of the magnolia is 1 m;
3) digging a pit with the width of 0.35m and the depth of 0.45m between two adjacent plants; then, sequentially adding 10kg of compound fertilizer and 25kg of water-retaining agent into the mixture; finally, covering soil and covering with a preservative film; the water-retaining agent is prepared from 80 parts by weight of acrylic acid, 15 parts by weight of sodium hydroxide, 5 parts by weight of potassium persulfate, 5 parts by weight of borax, 20 parts by weight of starch and 5 parts by weight of alanine.
4) Mixing the biogas slurry and the biomass carbon powder according to the mass ratio of 5: 1, and applying the mixture into soil; applying 3kg of a mixture of biogas slurry and biomass charcoal to each square meter of soil; wherein the biogas slurry is derived from liquid residues of slaughterhouse organic garbage fermented by a biogas digester; the charcoal powder is produced by using dead branches of trees as raw materials.
5) And (3) applying a microbial liquid to the soil, wherein the microbial liquid is prepared by mixing fermentation liquids of bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus and bacillus amyloliquefaciens according to any proportion.
The degraded forest soil of Anshan Liaoning was tested by the method of example 3, and before the test, the soil nutrient content of the test field was measured.
Comparative example 1: the water-retaining tree species are not planted, and the method is the same as the example 3;
comparative example 2: the procedure of example 3 was otherwise the same as except that no water-retaining agent was added;
comparative example 3: the water-retaining agent is directly applied to the soil in a fertilizing way, and the rest is the same as the example 3;
comparative example 4: the process is the same as example 3 except that biogas slurry and biomass carbon powder are not added.
The degraded forest system was maintained in the manner of example 3 and comparative examples 1 to 4, and after 3 years, the change in the nutrient content in the soil before and after comparison was carried out, and the results are shown in table 1;
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, the method disclosed by the invention can rapidly increase the content of the nutrient components in the soil in unit time.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (9)
1. A method for rapidly improving soil nutrients of a degraded forest ecosystem is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) soil preparation and soil turning;
2) planting water-retaining plants;
3) adding a water-retaining agent into the soil;
4) mixing the biogas slurry and the biomass carbon powder according to the mass ratio of 1-5: 1, and applying the mixture into soil.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water-retaining plants include tall trees, small trees, herbaceous plants and ornamental plants.
3. The method for rapidly improving the soil nutrients of a degraded forest ecosystem as claimed in claim 2, wherein the row spacing in and between the seeds of high and small trees is 1-1.5 m; the plant spacing is 0.8-1.2 m; 1 row of herbaceous plants or ornamental plants are planted among the rows.
4. The method for rapidly improving the soil nutrients of a degraded forest ecosystem as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water-retaining agent is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-80 parts of acrylic acid, 10-15 parts of sodium hydroxide, 1-5 parts of potassium persulfate, 1-5 parts of borax, 5-20 parts of starch and 1-5 parts of alanine.
5. The method for rapidly improving the soil nutrients of a degraded forest ecosystem as claimed in claim 4, wherein before the water-retaining agent is added, a pit with the width of 0.3-0.5m and the depth of 0.3-0.5m is dug between two adjacent plants; then, sequentially adding 5-10kg of compound fertilizer and 15-25kg of water-retaining agent into the mixture; finally covering soil and covering with preservative film.
6. The method for rapidly improving soil nutrients in a degraded forest ecosystem as claimed in claim 1, wherein the biogas slurry is derived from liquid residues of slaughter house organic wastes fermented by a biogas digester.
7. The method for rapidly improving the soil nutrients of a degraded forest ecosystem, as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the biomass carbon powder is produced by taking dead branches of trees as raw materials.
8. The method for rapidly improving the soil nutrients of a degraded forest ecosystem, as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising: 5) applying the microbial liquid to the soil.
9. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the microbial solution is prepared by mixing fermentation broth of bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus and bacillus amyloliquefaciens in any proportion.
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| CN107197707A (en) * | 2017-06-01 | 2017-09-26 | 兰溪市顺光园艺技术有限公司 | A kind of flower culturing soil and preparation method thereof |
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