CN111218585A - Preparation method of powder metallurgy aluminum alloy connecting rod for compressor - Google Patents
Preparation method of powder metallurgy aluminum alloy connecting rod for compressor Download PDFInfo
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- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
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- B22F3/164—Partial deformation or calibration
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- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
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- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
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- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/053—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with zinc as the next major constituent
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/057—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with copper as the next major constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/16—Both compacting and sintering in successive or repeated steps
- B22F3/164—Partial deformation or calibration
- B22F2003/166—Surface calibration, blasting, burnishing, sizing, coining
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- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F2003/248—Thermal after-treatment
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a powder metallurgy aluminum alloy connecting rod for a compressor, which comprises the steps of compacting, firing, annealing, quenching, shaping, sand blasting and machining by proportioning different powders containing Si, Fe, Cu, Mn, Mg, Cr, Zn, Ti and Zr elements to finally obtain the aluminum alloy connecting rod with higher strength, better wear resistance and better tensile property.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of powder metallurgy, in particular to a preparation method of a powder metallurgy aluminum alloy connecting rod for a compressor.
Background
At present, aluminum alloy is a non-ferrous metal structural material which is most widely applied in industry, and is widely applied in aviation, aerospace, automobiles, mechanical manufacturing, ships and chemical industry. The rapid development of industrial economy has increased the demand for welded aluminum alloy structural members. The aluminum alloy has low density, high strength similar to or superior to that of high-quality steel, good plasticity, excellent electric conductivity, heat conductivity and corrosion resistance, is widely used in industry, and is second to steel in use amount. Some aluminum alloys can be heat treated to achieve good mechanical, physical, and corrosion properties.
The connecting rod in the compressor is used for connecting the crankshaft and the piston and transmitting force, so that the circular motion of the crankshaft is converted into the linear reciprocating motion of the piston. The main production methods of the connecting rod are forging, powder metallurgy and casting, the mechanical property is highest in forging, the casting is lowest, and the powder metallurgy method is centered.
The traditional aluminum alloy casting adopts die-casting molding, when casting, the temperature of the front end of the molten liquid is too low, traces are produced during overlapping, and then defects such as air holes, shrinkage cavities and the like are generated, the microstructure is uneven, surface grains are fine, core grains are thick, and the mechanical property of parts is seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a powder metallurgy aluminum alloy connecting rod for a compressor, and aims to solve the technical problems that in the prior art, when casting is carried out, the temperature of the front end of molten liquid is too low, traces are produced when the molten liquid is overlapped, further defects such as air holes and shrinkage cavities are generated, the microstructure is uneven, surface grains are fine, core grains are coarse, and the mechanical properties of parts are seriously influenced.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts a preparation method of a powder metallurgy aluminum alloy connecting rod for a compressor, which comprises the following steps:
designing the material composition and the mixture ratio: si: 0.25-0.5%, Fe: 0.2-0.6%, Cu: 0.01-2.4%, Mn: 0-0.5%, Mg: 0.01-2.4%, Cr: 0.01-2.4%, Zn: 0.90-7%, Ti: 0.01-2.4%, Zr: 0.01-2.4% of Al for the rest;
mixing powder containing Si, Fe, Cu, Mn, Mg, Cr, Zn, Ti and Zr according to a designed material component;
adding the matched powder into a closed container, applying equal pressure in all directions, and simultaneously heating at 350 ℃ to prepare a sintered casting;
carrying out homogenizing annealing, blank annealing, intermediate annealing and finished product annealing on the sintered and molded casting to obtain a casting with uniform and stable components and tissues, so that the alloy has a shape;
heating the annealed casting to 548 ℃, and then putting the casting into water with the temperature not exceeding 40 ℃ for quenching;
cooling the heat-treated product and soaking the product in engine oil for treatment, wherein the oil soaking time is 30 minutes;
placing the oil-immersed casting into a shaping mold for fine correction to enable the casting to reach a required tolerance range;
treating the precisely corrected casting by steam, introducing supersaturated water vapor into a steam furnace at the temperature of 700 ℃, wherein the treatment time is 5 hours;
after steam treatment, the casting is sprayed with antirust paint, and the surface of the casting is smooth through shot blasting, vibration and deburring.
According to the preparation method of the powder metallurgy aluminum alloy connecting rod for the compressor, disclosed by the invention, different powders containing Si, Fe, Cu, Mn, Mg, Cr, Zn, Ti and Zr are proportioned and are subjected to compaction, firing, annealing, quenching, shaping, sand blasting and machining, so that the aluminum alloy connecting rod with higher strength, better wear resistance and better tensile property is finally obtained.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the preparation of the first component of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the preparation of the second component of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the preparation of the third component of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the preparation of the fourth component of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of the preparation of the fifth component of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships illustrated in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. Further, in the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
In a first example of the present embodiment:
referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a powder metallurgy aluminum alloy connecting rod for a compressor, comprising,
s101: designing the material composition and the mixture ratio: si: 0.2%, Fe: 0.5%, Cu: 0.6%, Mn: 0.15%, Mg: 0.55%, Cr: 0.3%, Zn: 5%, Ti: 0.15%, Zr: 0.15 percent, and the balance of Al;
s102: mixing powders containing Si, Fe, Cu, Mn, Mg, Cr, Zn, Ti and Zr according to a designed material component, and adding a graphite lubricant when mixing the powders containing Si, Fe, Cu, Mn, Mg, Cr, Zn, Ti and Zr;
s103: adding the matched powder into a closed container, applying equal pressure in all directions, simultaneously heating at 350 ℃, controlling the temperature in the hot forging process within plus or minus 10 ℃ to prepare a sintered casting, putting the casting into the closed container, manufacturing the closed container by adopting metal or ceramics, using nitrogen and argon as pressurizing media, maintaining the pressure at 345MPa, and performing thermal densification treatment to ensure that the casting achieves 100 percent densification, wherein the sintering density of the casting is more than or equal to 2.50g/cm3；
S104: carrying out homogenizing annealing, blank annealing, intermediate annealing and finished product annealing on the sintered and molded casting to obtain a casting with uniform and stable components and tissues, so that the alloy has a shape;
s105: heating the annealed casting to 548 ℃, and then putting the casting into water with the temperature not exceeding 40 ℃ for quenching;
s106: cooling the heat-treated product and soaking the product in engine oil for treatment, wherein the oil soaking time is 30 minutes;
s107: placing the oil-immersed casting into a shaping mold for fine correction to enable the casting to reach a required tolerance range;
s108: treating the precisely corrected casting by steam, introducing supersaturated water vapor into a steam furnace at the temperature of 700 ℃, wherein the treatment time is 5 hours;
s109: after steam treatment, the casting is sprayed with antirust paint, and the surface of the casting is smooth through shot blasting, vibration and deburring.
In the present embodiment, it is preferred that,
mixing materials: the chemical composition of the connecting rod is Si: 0.2%, Fe: 0.5%, Cu: 0.6%, Mn: 0.15%, Mg: 0.55%, Cr: 0.3%, Zn: 5%, Ti: 0.15%, Zr: 0.15 percent and the balance of Al, 0.2 percent of Al-25Si alloy powder with the granularity of 500 meshes, 0.5 percent of electrolytic iron powder with the granularity of 200, 0.6 percent of electrolytic copper powder with the granularity of 325 meshes, 0.15 percent of electrolytic manganese powder with the granularity of 200 meshes, 0.55 percent of Al-50Mg alloy powder with the granularity of 100 meshes, 0.3 percent of electrolytic chromium powder with the granularity of 200 meshes, 5 percent of electrolytic zinc powder with the granularity of 200 meshes, 0.15 percent of electrolytic titanium powder with the granularity of 200 meshes, 0.15 percent of electrolytic zirconium powder with the granularity of 200 meshes, 1.4 percent of lubricant and the balance of aluminum powder are placed in a double-cone mixer to be mixed for 45 minutes.
Forming: molding the mixed powder on a molding press according to the requirements of the drawing, applying equal pressure to the product, adopting nitrogen, argon and the like as pressurizing media, molding pressure at 345MPa, heating at 350 ℃ to directly heat, pressurize and sinter the powder, and molding density at 2.50 +/-0.05 g/cm3。
Dewaxing-sintering: continuously dewaxing and sintering the sintered and molded casting in a mesh belt furnace, wherein the protective atmosphere in the whole process is pure nitrogen, and the dew point is less than or equal to minus 30 ℃. The temperature of the dewaxing section is 400 ℃, the heat preservation time is 45 minutes, the temperature of the dewaxing-sintering transition section is 530 ℃, the heat preservation time is 10 minutes, the temperature of the sintering section is 600 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1 hour, and the sintered density is 2.65 +/-0.05 g/cm 3.
And (3) heat treatment: the method comprises the steps of carrying out solution treatment on a sintered product at 500 ℃ for 1 hour, then carrying out annealing at the temperature of 5-40 ℃ lower than a melting point for 12-24 hours, then carrying out blank annealing at 390-450 ℃, carrying out heat preservation for 1.5-2.5 hours, then cooling so as to enable the blank to obtain a balanced structure and have the maximum plastic deformation capacity, then carrying out intermediate annealing at the heating temperature of 320-350 ℃, cooling after heating for 1.5-2 hours so as to eliminate work hardening, and finally carrying out finished product annealing to obtain a casting subjected to final heat treatment.
Water quenching: and heating the annealed casting to 548 ℃, then putting the annealed casting into water with the temperature not exceeding 40 ℃ for quenching, quenching at 160 ℃ for aging for 8 hours, wherein compared with a sintered state, the casting has deepened dimple and more torn edges, which shows that the mechanical property of the casting is improved.
Shaping: cooling the heat-treated product and immersing the product in engine oil for treatment, wherein the oil immersion time is 30 minutes, placing the oil-immersed casting into a shaping mould for fine correction to enable the casting to reach a required tolerance range, carrying out steam treatment on the fine-corrected casting, introducing supersaturated water vapor by adopting a steam furnace with the temperature of 700 ℃, carrying out the treatment time of 5 hours, spraying antirust paint after the steam treatment on the casting, and carrying out shot blasting, vibration and deburring to enable the surface of the casting to be smooth.
The tensile strength of the aluminum alloy connecting rod prepared by powder metallurgy is 320, and the hardness is 70, while the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy connecting rod prepared by the conventional method is 200, and the hardness is 40, so that the mechanical property of the casting can be greatly improved.
In a second example of the present embodiment:
referring to fig. 2, the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a powder metallurgy aluminum alloy connecting rod for a compressor, comprising,
s201: designing the material composition and the mixture ratio: si: 0.2%, Fe: 0.2%, Cu: 1.8%, Mn: 0.1%, Mg: 1.2%, Cr: 0.05%, Zn: 6%, Ti: 0.1%, Zr: 0.25% and the balance of Al;
s202: mixing powders containing Si, Fe, Cu, Mn, Mg, Cr, Zn, Ti and Zr according to a designed material component, and adding a graphite lubricant when mixing the powders containing Si, Fe, Cu, Mn, Mg, Cr, Zn, Ti and Zr;
s203: adding the matched powder into a closed container, applying equal pressure in all directions, simultaneously heating at 350 ℃, controlling the temperature in the hot forging process within plus or minus 10 ℃ to prepare a sintered casting, putting the casting into the closed container, manufacturing the closed container by adopting metal or ceramics, using nitrogen and argon as pressurizing media, maintaining the pressure at 345MPa, and performing thermal densification treatment to ensure that the casting achieves 100 percent densification, wherein the sintering density of the casting is more than or equal to 2.50g/cm3；
S204: carrying out homogenizing annealing, blank annealing, intermediate annealing and finished product annealing on the sintered and molded casting to obtain a casting with uniform and stable components and tissues, so that the alloy has a shape;
s205: heating the annealed casting to 548 ℃, and then putting the casting into water with the temperature not exceeding 40 ℃ for quenching;
s206: cooling the heat-treated product and soaking the product in engine oil for treatment, wherein the oil soaking time is 30 minutes;
s207: placing the oil-immersed casting into a shaping mold for fine correction to enable the casting to reach a required tolerance range;
s208: treating the precisely corrected casting by steam, introducing supersaturated water vapor into a steam furnace at the temperature of 700 ℃, wherein the treatment time is 5 hours;
s209: after steam treatment, the casting is sprayed with antirust paint, and the surface of the casting is smooth through shot blasting, vibration and deburring.
In the present embodiment, it is preferred that,
mixing materials: the chemical composition of the connecting rod is Si: 0.2%, Fe: 0.2%, Cu: 1.8%, Mn: 0.1%, Mg: 1.2%, Cr: 0.05%, Zn: 6%, Ti: 0.1%, Zr: 0.25 percent of Al, the balance of Al, 0.2 percent of Al-25Si alloy powder with the granularity of 500 meshes, 0.2 percent of electrolytic iron powder with the granularity of 200, 1.8 percent of electrolytic copper powder with the granularity of 325 meshes, 0.1 percent of electrolytic manganese powder with the granularity of 200 meshes, 1.2 percent of Al-50Mg alloy powder with the granularity of 100 meshes, 0.05 percent of electrolytic chromium powder with the granularity of 200 meshes, 6 percent of electrolytic zinc powder with the granularity of 200 meshes, 0.1 percent of electrolytic titanium powder with the granularity of 200 meshes, 0.25 percent of electrolytic zirconium powder with the granularity of 200 meshes, 1.4 percent of lubricant, and the balance of aluminum powder are placed in a double-cone mixer to be mixed for 45 minutes.
Forming: molding the mixed powder on a molding press according to the requirements of the drawing, applying equal pressure to the product, adopting nitrogen, argon and the like as pressurizing media, molding pressure at 345MPa, heating at 350 ℃ to directly heat, pressurize and sinter the powder, and molding density at 2.50 +/-0.05 g/cm3。
Dewaxing-sintering: continuously dewaxing and sintering the sintered and molded casting in a mesh belt furnace, wherein the protective atmosphere in the whole process is pure nitrogen, and the dew point is less than or equal to minus 30 ℃. The temperature of the dewaxing section is 400 ℃, the heat preservation time is 45 minutes, the temperature of the dewaxing-sintering transition section is 530 ℃, the heat preservation time is 10 minutes, the temperature of the sintering section is 600 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1 hour, and the sintered density is 2.65 +/-0.05 g/cm 3.
And (3) heat treatment: the method comprises the steps of carrying out solution treatment on a sintered product at 500 ℃ for 1 hour, then carrying out annealing at the temperature of 5-40 ℃ lower than a melting point for 12-24 hours, then carrying out blank annealing at 390-450 ℃, carrying out heat preservation for 1.5-2.5 hours, then cooling so as to enable the blank to obtain a balanced structure and have the maximum plastic deformation capacity, then carrying out intermediate annealing at the heating temperature of 320-350 ℃, cooling after heating for 1.5-2 hours so as to eliminate work hardening, and finally carrying out finished product annealing to obtain a casting subjected to final heat treatment.
Water quenching: and heating the annealed casting to 548 ℃, then putting the annealed casting into water with the temperature not exceeding 40 ℃ for quenching, quenching at 160 ℃ for aging for 8 hours, wherein compared with a sintered state, the casting has deepened dimple and more torn edges, which shows that the mechanical property of the casting is improved.
Shaping: cooling the heat-treated product and immersing the product in engine oil for treatment, wherein the oil immersion time is 30 minutes, placing the oil-immersed casting into a shaping mould for fine correction to enable the casting to reach a required tolerance range, carrying out steam treatment on the fine-corrected casting, introducing supersaturated water vapor by adopting a steam furnace with the temperature of 700 ℃, carrying out the treatment time of 5 hours, spraying antirust paint after the steam treatment on the casting, and carrying out shot blasting, vibration and deburring to enable the surface of the casting to be smooth.
The tensile strength of the aluminum alloy connecting rod prepared by powder metallurgy is 340, and the hardness is 77, while the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy connecting rod prepared by the conventional method is 200, and the hardness is 40, so that the mechanical property of the casting can be greatly improved.
In a third example of the present embodiment:
referring to fig. 3, the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a powder metallurgy aluminum alloy connecting rod for a compressor, comprising,
s301: designing the material composition and the mixture ratio: si: 0.3%, Fe: 0.5%, Cu: 0.4%, Mn: 0.3%, Mg: 1.2%, Cr: 2.0%, Zn: 3.5%, Ti: 1.2%, Zr: 1.05 percent and the balance of Al;
s302: mixing powders containing Si, Fe, Cu, Mn, Mg, Cr, Zn, Ti and Zr according to a designed material component, and adding a graphite lubricant when mixing the powders containing Si, Fe, Cu, Mn, Mg, Cr, Zn, Ti and Zr;
s303: adding the matched powder into a closed container, applying equal pressure in all directions, simultaneously heating at 350 ℃, controlling the temperature in the hot forging process within plus or minus 10 ℃ to prepare a sintered casting, putting the casting into the closed container, manufacturing the closed container by adopting metal or ceramics, using nitrogen and argon as pressurizing media, maintaining the pressure at 345MPa, and performing thermal densification treatment to ensure that the casting achieves 100 percent densification, wherein the sintering density of the casting is more than or equal to 2.50g/cm3；
S304: carrying out homogenizing annealing, blank annealing, intermediate annealing and finished product annealing on the sintered and molded casting to obtain a casting with uniform and stable components and tissues, so that the alloy has a shape;
s305: heating the annealed casting to 548 ℃, and then putting the casting into water with the temperature not exceeding 40 ℃ for quenching;
s306: cooling the heat-treated product and soaking the product in engine oil for treatment, wherein the oil soaking time is 30 minutes;
s307: placing the oil-immersed casting into a shaping mold for fine correction to enable the casting to reach a required tolerance range;
s308: treating the precisely corrected casting by steam, introducing supersaturated water vapor into a steam furnace at the temperature of 700 ℃, wherein the treatment time is 5 hours;
s309: after steam treatment, the casting is sprayed with antirust paint, and the surface of the casting is smooth through shot blasting, vibration and deburring.
In the present embodiment, it is preferred that,
mixing materials: the chemical composition of the connecting rod is Si: 0.3%, Fe: 0.5%, Cu: 0.4%, Mn: 0.3%, Mg: 1.2%, Cr: 2.0%, Zn: 3.5%, Ti: 1.2%, Zr: 1.05 percent and the balance of Al, 0.3 percent of Al-25Si alloy powder with the granularity of 500 meshes, 0.5 percent of electrolytic iron powder with the granularity of 200, 0.4 percent of electrolytic copper powder with the granularity of 325 meshes, 0.3 percent of electrolytic manganese powder with the granularity of 200 meshes, 1.2 percent of Al-50Mg alloy powder with the granularity of 100 meshes, 2.0 percent of electrolytic chromium powder with the granularity of 200 meshes, 3.5 percent of electrolytic zinc powder with the granularity of 200 meshes, 1.2 percent of electrolytic titanium powder with the granularity of 200 meshes, 1.05 percent of electrolytic zirconium powder with the granularity of 200 meshes and 1.4 percent of lubricant, and the balance of aluminum powder are placed in a double-cone mixer to be mixed for 45 minutes.
Forming: molding the mixed powder on a molding press according to the requirements of the drawing, applying equal pressure to the product, adopting nitrogen, argon and the like as pressurizing media, molding pressure at 345MPa, heating at 350 ℃ to directly heat, pressurize and sinter the powder, and molding density at 2.50 +/-0.05 g/cm3。
Dewaxing-sintering: continuously dewaxing and sintering the sintered and molded casting in a mesh belt furnace, wherein the protective atmosphere in the whole process is pure nitrogen, and the dew point is less than or equal to minus 30 ℃. The temperature of the dewaxing section is 400 ℃, the heat preservation time is 45 minutes, the temperature of the dewaxing-sintering transition section is 530 ℃, the heat preservation time is 10 minutes, the temperature of the sintering section is 600 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1 hour, and the sintered density is 2.65 +/-0.05 g/cm 3.
And (3) heat treatment: the method comprises the steps of carrying out solution treatment on a sintered product at 500 ℃ for 1 hour, then carrying out annealing at the temperature of 5-40 ℃ lower than a melting point for 12-24 hours, then carrying out blank annealing at 390-450 ℃, carrying out heat preservation for 1.5-2.5 hours, then cooling so as to enable the blank to obtain a balanced structure and have the maximum plastic deformation capacity, then carrying out intermediate annealing at the heating temperature of 320-350 ℃, cooling after heating for 1.5-2 hours so as to eliminate work hardening, and finally carrying out finished product annealing to obtain a casting subjected to final heat treatment.
Water quenching: and heating the annealed casting to 548 ℃, then putting the annealed casting into water with the temperature not exceeding 40 ℃ for quenching, quenching at 160 ℃ for aging for 8 hours, wherein compared with a sintered state, the casting has deepened dimple and more torn edges, which shows that the mechanical property of the casting is improved.
Shaping: cooling the heat-treated product and immersing the product in engine oil for treatment, wherein the oil immersion time is 30 minutes, placing the oil-immersed casting into a shaping mould for fine correction to enable the casting to reach a required tolerance range, carrying out steam treatment on the fine-corrected casting, introducing supersaturated water vapor by adopting a steam furnace with the temperature of 700 ℃, carrying out the treatment time of 5 hours, spraying antirust paint after the steam treatment on the casting, and carrying out shot blasting, vibration and deburring to enable the surface of the casting to be smooth.
The tensile strength of the aluminum alloy connecting rod prepared by powder metallurgy is 340, and the hardness is 70, while the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy connecting rod prepared by the conventional method is 200, and the hardness is 40, so that the mechanical property of the casting can be greatly improved.
In a fourth example of the present embodiment:
referring to fig. 4, the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a powder metallurgy aluminum alloy connecting rod for a compressor, comprising,
s401: designing the material composition and the mixture ratio: si: 0.35%, Fe: 0.45%, Cu: 1.05%, Mn: 0.4%, Mg: 1.5%, Cr: 0.15%, Zn: 4.0%, Ti: 1.5%, Zr: 1.5 percent, and the balance of Al;
s402: mixing powders containing Si, Fe, Cu, Mn, Mg, Cr, Zn, Ti and Zr according to a designed material component, and adding a graphite lubricant when mixing the powders containing Si, Fe, Cu, Mn, Mg, Cr, Zn, Ti and Zr;
s403: adding the matched powder into a closed container, applying equal pressure in all directions, simultaneously heating at 350 ℃, controlling the temperature in the hot forging process within plus or minus 10 ℃ to prepare a sintered casting, putting the casting into the closed container, manufacturing the closed container by adopting metal or ceramics, using nitrogen and argon as pressurizing media, maintaining the pressure at 345MPa, and performing thermal densification treatment to ensure that the casting achieves 100 percent densification, wherein the sintering density of the casting is more than or equal to 2.50g/cm3；
S404: carrying out homogenizing annealing, blank annealing, intermediate annealing and finished product annealing on the sintered and molded casting to obtain a casting with uniform and stable components and tissues, so that the alloy has a shape;
s405: heating the annealed casting to 548 ℃, and then putting the casting into water with the temperature not exceeding 40 ℃ for quenching;
s406: cooling the heat-treated product and soaking the product in engine oil for treatment, wherein the oil soaking time is 30 minutes;
s407: placing the oil-immersed casting into a shaping mold for fine correction to enable the casting to reach a required tolerance range;
s408: treating the precisely corrected casting by steam, introducing supersaturated water vapor into a steam furnace at the temperature of 700 ℃, wherein the treatment time is 5 hours;
s409: after steam treatment, the casting is sprayed with antirust paint, and the surface of the casting is smooth through shot blasting, vibration and deburring.
In the present embodiment, it is preferred that,
mixing materials: the chemical composition of the connecting rod is Si: 0.35%, Fe: 0.45%, Cu: 1.05%, Mn: 0.4%, Mg: 1.5%, Cr: 0.15%, Zn: 4.0%, Ti: 1.5%, Zr: 1.5 percent and the balance of Al, 0.35 percent of Al-25Si alloy powder with the granularity of 500 meshes, 0.45 percent of electrolytic iron powder with the granularity of 200, 1.05 percent of electrolytic copper powder with the granularity of 325 meshes, 0.4 percent of electrolytic manganese powder with the granularity of 200 meshes, 1.5 percent of Al-50Mg alloy powder with the granularity of 100 meshes, 0.15 percent of electrolytic chromium powder with the granularity of 200 meshes, 4.0 percent of electrolytic zinc powder with the granularity of 200 meshes, 1.5 percent of electrolytic titanium powder with the granularity of 200 meshes, 1.5 percent of electrolytic zirconium powder with the granularity of 200 meshes, 1.4 percent of lubricant and the balance of aluminum powder are placed in a double-cone mixer to be mixed for 45 minutes.
Forming: molding the mixed powder on a molding press according to the requirements of the drawing, applying equal pressure to the product, adopting nitrogen, argon and the like as pressurizing media, molding pressure at 345MPa, heating at 350 ℃ to directly heat, pressurize and sinter the powder, and molding density at 2.50 +/-0.05 g/cm3。
Dewaxing-sintering: continuously dewaxing and sintering the sintered and molded casting in a mesh belt furnace, wherein the protective atmosphere in the whole process is pure nitrogen, and the dew point is less than or equal to minus 30 ℃. The temperature of the dewaxing section is 400 ℃, the heat preservation time is 45 minutes, the temperature of the dewaxing-sintering transition section is 530 ℃, the heat preservation time is 10 minutes, the temperature of the sintering section is 600 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1 hour, and the sintered density is 2.65 +/-0.05 g/cm 3.
And (3) heat treatment: the method comprises the steps of carrying out solution treatment on a sintered product at 500 ℃ for 1 hour, then carrying out annealing at the temperature of 5-40 ℃ lower than a melting point for 12-24 hours, then carrying out blank annealing at 390-450 ℃, carrying out heat preservation for 1.5-2.5 hours, then cooling so as to enable the blank to obtain a balanced structure and have the maximum plastic deformation capacity, then carrying out intermediate annealing at the heating temperature of 320-350 ℃, cooling after heating for 1.5-2 hours so as to eliminate work hardening, and finally carrying out finished product annealing to obtain a casting subjected to final heat treatment.
Water quenching: and heating the annealed casting to 548 ℃, then putting the annealed casting into water with the temperature not exceeding 40 ℃ for quenching, quenching at 160 ℃ for aging for 8 hours, wherein compared with a sintered state, the casting has deepened dimple and more torn edges, which shows that the mechanical property of the casting is improved.
Shaping: cooling the heat-treated product and immersing the product in engine oil for treatment, wherein the oil immersion time is 30 minutes, placing the oil-immersed casting into a shaping mould for fine correction to enable the casting to reach a required tolerance range, carrying out steam treatment on the fine-corrected casting, introducing supersaturated water vapor by adopting a steam furnace with the temperature of 700 ℃, carrying out the treatment time of 5 hours, spraying antirust paint after the steam treatment on the casting, and carrying out shot blasting, vibration and deburring to enable the surface of the casting to be smooth.
In a fifth example of the present embodiment:
referring to fig. 5, the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a powder metallurgy aluminum alloy connecting rod for a compressor, comprising,
s501: designing the material composition and the mixture ratio: si: 0.5%, Fe: 0.6%, Cu: 0.85%, Mn: 0.25, Mg: 2.4%, Cr: 1.15%, Zn: 7%, Ti: 0.01%, Zr: 0.45 percent and the balance of Al;
s502: mixing powders containing Si, Fe, Cu, Mn, Mg, Cr, Zn, Ti and Zr according to a designed material component, and adding a graphite lubricant when mixing the powders containing Si, Fe, Cu, Mn, Mg, Cr, Zn, Ti and Zr;
s503: adding the mixed powder into a sealed container, applying equal pressure and heating at 350 deg.C, controlling the temperature in hot forging process within plus or minus 10 deg.C to obtain sintered casting, placing the casting into the sealed container, and sealingThe closed container is made of metal or ceramic, nitrogen and argon are used as pressurizing media, the pressure is maintained at 345MPa, thermal densification treatment is carried out, the casting is densified to 100%, and the sintering density of the casting is more than or equal to 2.50g/cm3；
S504: carrying out homogenizing annealing, blank annealing, intermediate annealing and finished product annealing on the sintered and molded casting to obtain a casting with uniform and stable components and tissues, so that the alloy has a shape;
s505: heating the annealed casting to 548 ℃, and then putting the casting into water with the temperature not exceeding 40 ℃ for quenching;
s506: cooling the heat-treated product and soaking the product in engine oil for treatment, wherein the oil soaking time is 30 minutes;
s507: placing the oil-immersed casting into a shaping mold for fine correction to enable the casting to reach a required tolerance range;
s508: treating the precisely corrected casting by steam, introducing supersaturated water vapor into a steam furnace at the temperature of 700 ℃, wherein the treatment time is 5 hours;
s509: after steam treatment, the casting is sprayed with antirust paint, and the surface of the casting is smooth through shot blasting, vibration and deburring.
In the present embodiment, it is preferred that,
mixing materials: the chemical composition of the connecting rod is Si: 0.5%, Fe: 0.6%, Cu: 0.85%, Mn: 0.25, Mg: 2.4%, Cr: 1.15%, Zn: 7%, Ti: 0.01%, Zr: 0.45 percent and the balance of Al, 0.5 percent of Al-25Si alloy powder with the granularity of 500 meshes, 0.6 percent of electrolytic iron powder with the granularity of 200, 0.85 percent of electrolytic copper powder with the granularity of 325 meshes, 0.25 percent of electrolytic manganese powder with the granularity of 200 meshes, 2.4 percent of Al-50Mg alloy powder with the granularity of 100 meshes, 1.15 percent of electrolytic chromium powder with the granularity of 200 meshes, 7 percent of electrolytic zinc powder with the granularity of 200 meshes, 0.01 percent of electrolytic titanium powder with the granularity of 200 meshes, 0.45 percent of electrolytic zirconium powder with the granularity of 200 meshes, 1.4 percent of lubricant and the balance of aluminum powder are placed in a double-cone mixer to be mixed for 45 minutes.
Forming: molding the mixed powder on a molding press according to the requirements of the drawing, applying the same pressure to the product, and adopting nitrogen, argon and the like as materialsPressurizing the medium, forming at 345MPa while heating at 350 deg.C to directly heat and pressure the powder, sintering and forming to obtain a product with a density of 2.50 + -0.05 g/cm3。
Dewaxing-sintering: continuously dewaxing and sintering the sintered and molded casting in a mesh belt furnace, wherein the protective atmosphere in the whole process is pure nitrogen, and the dew point is less than or equal to minus 30 ℃. The temperature of the dewaxing section is 400 ℃, the heat preservation time is 45 minutes, the temperature of the dewaxing-sintering transition section is 530 ℃, the heat preservation time is 10 minutes, the temperature of the sintering section is 600 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1 hour, and the sintered density is 2.65 +/-0.05 g/cm 3.
And (3) heat treatment: the method comprises the steps of carrying out solution treatment on a sintered product at 500 ℃ for 1 hour, then carrying out annealing at the temperature of 5-40 ℃ lower than a melting point for 12-24 hours, then carrying out blank annealing at 390-450 ℃, carrying out heat preservation for 1.5-2.5 hours, then cooling so as to enable the blank to obtain a balanced structure and have the maximum plastic deformation capacity, then carrying out intermediate annealing at the heating temperature of 320-350 ℃, cooling after heating for 1.5-2 hours so as to eliminate work hardening, and finally carrying out finished product annealing to obtain a casting subjected to final heat treatment.
Water quenching: and heating the annealed casting to 548 ℃, then putting the annealed casting into water with the temperature not exceeding 40 ℃ for quenching, quenching at 160 ℃ for aging for 8 hours, wherein compared with a sintered state, the casting has deepened dimple and more torn edges, which shows that the mechanical property of the casting is improved.
Shaping: cooling the heat-treated product and immersing the product in engine oil for treatment, wherein the oil immersion time is 30 minutes, placing the oil-immersed casting into a shaping mould for fine correction to enable the casting to reach a required tolerance range, carrying out steam treatment on the fine-corrected casting, introducing supersaturated water vapor by adopting a steam furnace with the temperature of 700 ℃, carrying out the treatment time of 5 hours, spraying antirust paint after the steam treatment on the casting, and carrying out shot blasting, vibration and deburring to enable the surface of the casting to be smooth.
The tensile strength of the aluminum alloy connecting rod prepared by powder metallurgy is 280, the hardness is 75, while the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy connecting rod prepared by the conventional method is 200, and the hardness is 40, so that the mechanical property of the casting can be greatly improved.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the powder metallurgy aluminum alloy connecting rod for the compressor is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
designing the material composition and the mixture ratio: si: 0.25-0.5%, Fe: 0.2-0.6%, Cu: 0.01-2.4%, Mn: 0-0.5%, Mg: 0.01-2.4%, Cr: 0.01-2.4%, Zn: 0.90-7%, Ti: 0.01-2.4%, Zr: 0.01-2.4% of Al for the rest;
mixing powder containing Si, Fe, Cu, Mn, Mg, Cr, Zn, Ti and Zr according to a designed material component;
adding the matched powder into a closed container, applying equal pressure in all directions, and simultaneously heating at 350 ℃ to prepare a sintered casting;
carrying out homogenizing annealing, blank annealing, intermediate annealing and finished product annealing on the sintered and molded casting to obtain a casting with uniform and stable components and tissues so as to shape the alloy;
heating the annealed casting to 548 ℃, and then putting the casting into water with the temperature not exceeding 40 ℃ for quenching;
cooling the heat-treated product and soaking the product in engine oil for treatment, wherein the oil soaking time is 30 minutes;
placing the oil-immersed casting into a shaping mold for fine correction to enable the casting to reach a required tolerance range;
treating the precisely corrected casting by steam, introducing supersaturated water vapor into a steam furnace at the temperature of 700 ℃, wherein the treatment time is 5 hours;
after steam treatment, the casting is sprayed with antirust paint, and the surface of the casting is smooth through shot blasting, vibration and deburring.
2. The method of producing a powder metallurgy aluminum alloy connecting rod for a compressor as set forth in claim 1, wherein after powders containing elements of Si, Fe, Cu, Mn, Mg, Cr, Zn, Ti, Zr are blended in accordance with the design material components,
the graphite lubricant is added when powders containing Si, Fe, Cu, Mn, Mg, Cr, Zn, Ti, and Zr elements are mixed.
3. The method of producing a powder metallurgy aluminum alloy connecting rod for a compressor as claimed in claim 2, wherein after the sintered molded casting is produced by charging the blended powder into a closed vessel and applying the same pressure in each direction while applying heat at a temperature of 350 ℃,
placing the casting into a closed container, and carrying out thermal densification treatment to ensure that the casting achieves 100% densification, and the sintered density of the casting is more than or equal to 2.50g/cm3。
4. The method of producing a powder metallurgy aluminum alloy connecting rod for a compressor as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the production of a sintered casting by charging the powder to be compounded into a closed vessel and applying the same pressure in each direction while applying heat at a temperature of 350 ℃,
the closed container is made of metal or ceramic, nitrogen and argon are used as pressurizing media, and the pressure is maintained at 345 MPa.
5. The method of producing a powder metallurgy aluminum alloy connecting rod for a compressor as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the production of a sintered casting by charging the powder to be compounded into a closed vessel and applying the same pressure in each direction while applying heat at a temperature of 350 ℃,
the temperature in the hot forging process is controlled within plus or minus 10 ℃.
6. The method for preparing a powder metallurgy aluminum alloy connecting rod for a compressor as claimed in claim 5, wherein the design material composition mixing ratio is as follows: si: 0.25-0.5%, Fe: 0.2-0.6%, Cu: 0.01-2.4%, Mn: 0-0.5%, Mg: 0.01-2.4%, Cr: 0.01-2.4%, Zn: 0.90-7%, Ti: 0.01-2.4%, Zr: 0.01-2.4 percent of Al, the balance being Al,
the specific material composition and the mixing ratio are as follows: si: 0.2%, Fe: 0.5%, Cu: 0.6%, Mn: 0.15%, Mg: 0.55%, Cr: 0.3%, Zn: 5%, Ti: 0.15%, Zr: 0.15 percent and the balance of Al.
7. The method for preparing a powder metallurgy aluminum alloy connecting rod for a compressor as claimed in claim 5, wherein the design material composition mixing ratio is as follows: si: 0.25-0.5%, Fe: 0.2-0.6%, Cu: 0.01-2.4%, Mn: 0-0.5%, Mg: 0.01-2.4%, Cr: 0.01-2.4%, Zn: 0.90-7%, Ti: 0.01-2.4%, Zr: 0.01-2.4 percent of Al, the balance being Al,
the specific material composition and the mixing ratio are as follows: si: 0.2%, Fe: 0.2%, Cu: 1.8%, Mn: 0.1%, Mg: 1.2%, Cr: 0.05%, Zn: 6%, Ti: 0.1%, Zr: 0.25% and the balance of Al.
8. The method for preparing a powder metallurgy aluminum alloy connecting rod for a compressor as claimed in claim 5, wherein the design material composition mixing ratio is as follows: si: 0.25-0.5%, Fe: 0.2-0.6%, Cu: 0.01-2.4%, Mn: 0-0.5%, Mg: 0.01-2.4%, Cr: 0.01-2.4%, Zn: 0.90-7%, Ti: 0.01-2.4%, Zr: 0.01-2.4 percent of Al, the balance being Al,
the specific material composition and the mixing ratio are as follows: si: 0.3%, Fe: 0.5%, Cu: 0.4%, Mn: 0.3%, Mg: 1.2%, Cr: 2.0%, Zn: 3.5%, Ti: 1.2%, Zr: 1.05 percent and the balance of Al.
9. The method for preparing a powder metallurgy aluminum alloy connecting rod for a compressor as claimed in claim 5, wherein the design material composition mixing ratio is as follows: si: 0.25-0.5%, Fe: 0.2-0.6%, Cu: 0.01-2.4%, Mn: 0-0.5%, Mg: 0.01-2.4%, Cr: 0.01-2.4%, Zn: 0.90-7%, Ti: 0.01-2.4%, Zr: 0.01-2.4 percent of Al, the balance being Al,
the specific material composition and the mixing ratio are as follows: si: 0.35%, Fe: 0.45%, Cu: 1.05%, Mn: 0.4%, Mg: 1.5%, Cr: 0.15%, Zn: 4.0%, Ti: 1.5%, Zr: 1.5 percent and the balance of Al.
10. The method for preparing a powder metallurgy aluminum alloy connecting rod for a compressor as claimed in claim 5, wherein the design material composition mixing ratio is as follows: si: 0.25-0.5%, Fe: 0.2-0.6%, Cu: 0.01-2.4%, Mn: 0-0.5%, Mg: 0.01-2.4%, Cr: 0.01-2.4%, Zn: 0.90-7%, Ti: 0.01-2.4%, Zr: 0.01-2.4 percent of Al, the balance being Al,
the specific material composition and the mixing ratio are as follows: si: 0.5%, Fe: 0.6%, Cu: 0.85%, Mn: 0.25, Mg: 2.4%, Cr: 1.15%, Zn: 7%, Ti: 0.01%, Zr: 0.45 percent and the balance of Al.
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