CN105234412A - Method for preparing powder metallurgy aluminum alloy phaser rotor - Google Patents
Method for preparing powder metallurgy aluminum alloy phaser rotor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Disclosed is a method for preparing a powder metallurgy aluminum alloy phaser rotor. The method includes the steps that aluminum power, high alloy master powder, copper powder, nickel powder and organic lubricant are mixed according to the mass proportion with 1.8-3.0% of copper, 1.0-2.0% of magnesium, 1.0-1.5% of iron, 0.8-2.0% of nickel, 0.1-0.5% of silicon, 0.8-1.5% of organic lubricant, at most 2% of unavoidable impurities and the balance aluminum to obtain a mixture; the mixture is pressed to form a powder metallurgy green body; then the green body is sintered and subjected to solid-solution water-quenching, re-pressing finishing and aging treatment; and finally, the rotor is turned to meet final size demand. Compared with rotors made of sintered steel materials, the rotor has the advantages that the pressing performance is good, the speed is higher, and the pressing cost is reduced; the temperature of sintered aluminum alloy is much lower than that of sintered steel, the energy consumption is reduced during sintering, the machining performance of the powder metallurgy aluminum rotor is better, and surface protection treatment is not required during conveying and storage; compared with aluminum alloy rotors through pressure casting or extrusion, the powder metallurgy technology is a near-net forming technology, the utilization ratio of aluminum alloy raw materials is high, the production efficiency is high, and the production cost is low.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to powder metallurgical technology, specifically a kind of preparation method of POWDER METALLURGY ALUMINIUM ALLOYS phaser rotor, is applied to variable valve timing system of engine.
Background technology
VVT can optimize valve characteristic parameter, improves engine inlet and outlet performance, meets the requirement of engine dynamic property, economy, toxic emission when high rotating speed and the slow-speed of revolution, greatly load and Smaller load preferably, overall raising engine performance.By version classification, hydraulic continuous variable phase device can be divided into vane type and the large class of plunger type two substantially.Vane type continuous variable cam phaser system acts on blade by internal oil pressure makes it deflect, achieve the step-less adjustment at phase angle, under identical circumstances, phase adjustment range and response speed aspect have had and have significantly promoted, and also fully ensured the reliability of system at the locking system of starting, idling etc., making engine performance acquisition compare other phaser has larger improvement.The critical piece of vane type cam phaser is made up of stators and rotators, and stator is fixedly connected with travelling gear, and the latter is connected with camshaft torque resistant by axial centre bolt, and wherein, rotor is formed as impeller.
At present in VVT industry, vane type phaser rotor adopts sintered steel or die casting, extruding aluminium alloy manufacture usually.Greatly about 90%, there is the hole be communicated with in sintered steel rotor density, oil may occur and leak, during fine finishining costly, heavier.Along with the requirement of automotive light weight technology, there is aluminium alloy phaser rotor, version is machined after die casting or extrudate, processing capacity is large, and processing cost is high, and stock utilization is low, due to the restriction of manufacture method, material composition is relatively fixing, and alloying element can not arbitrarily change, and can not manufacture containing high silicon content or the product containing silicon-carbide particle.There are some inherent shortcomings in die casting, such as: when casting, the temperature of liquation front end is too low, output vestige (cold line) when being stacked; The defects such as easy generation pore, shrinkage cavity, microscopic structure is uneven, and surface microstructure is comparatively thin, and heart portion coarse grains, has a strong impact on the mechanical property of part; Most of pack alloy can not heat treatment, so intensity is not high.Crimp aluminium-alloy rotor can heat-treat strengthening, and mechanical property is higher, but complex manufacturing, for complex-shaped and that required precision is high product, need to carry out a large amount of machineds, production cost is high.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide the preparation method of the POWDER METALLURGY ALUMINIUM ALLOYS phaser rotor that a kind of technique is simple, production efficiency is high, cost is low, can be applicable to batch production, obtained powder metallurgy phaser rotor has good mechanical property.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above adopted technical scheme: a kind of preparation method of POWDER METALLURGY ALUMINIUM ALLOYS phaser rotor, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps successively:
1) aluminium powder, the female powder of Al-Mg alloy, the female powder of Al-Si alloy, Al-Fe alloy female powder, copper powder, nickel powder and organic lubricant are mixed into mixed powder by following mass ratio, the mass percentage of each element in total component is made to be: copper 1.8 ~ 3.0%, magnesium 1.0 ~ 2.0%, iron 1.0 ~ 1.5%; Nickel 0.8 ~ 2.0%, silicon 0.1 ~ 0.5%, organic lubricant: 0.8 ~ 1.5%, is no more than the inevitable impurity of 2%, and surplus is aluminium;
2) use that mould is compressing obtains powder metallurgy green compact, forming pressure 150 ~ 650MPa, shaping density 2.20 ~ 2.75g/cm
3;
3) powder metallurgy green compact are placed in sintering furnace to sinter, sintering temperature is 530 ~ 635 DEG C, and sintering time 30 ~ 90 minutes, sintered blank density is greater than 2.60g/cm
3;
4) sandblasting deburring is carried out to sintered blank;
5) then solution treatment is carried out to sintered blank, solid solubility temperature 450 ~ 560 DEG C, solid solution temperature retention time 30 ~ 60min, quenching;
6) sintered blank after Quenching Treatment is carried out multiple pressure finishing, press finishing deflection to be not less than 15% again;
7) carry out Ageing Treatment to part, aging temp is 195 ~ 205 DEG C, aging time 50 ~ 500 minutes;
8) finally turnery processing is carried out to rotor, reach final size requirement.
As preferably, described step 1) organic lubricant be wax class or amide-type lubricant.
As preferably, described step 2) aluminium powder adopt high-purity atomizing aluminium powder, in this atomizing aluminium powder, oxygen content is less than 0.3 (wt) %, and suppression performance is greater than 2.60g/cm under 250MPa
3, apparent density is greater than 1.05g/cm
3, flow velocity 25 ~ 30s/50g, particle mean size is between 150 ± 10 μm.
As preferably, described step 2) the female powder of Al-Mg alloy in Mg content be 49 ~ 51 (wt) %, oxygen content is less than 0.2 (wt) %, and particle mean size is 5 ~ 8 μm; In the female powder of Al-Si alloy, Si content is 18 ~ 38 (wt) %, and oxygen content is less than 0.2 (wt) %, and particle mean size is 10 ~ 15 μm; In Al-Fe alloyed powder, Fe content is 9 ~ 11 (wt) %, and oxygen content is less than 0.2 (wt) %, and particle mean size is 10 ~ 15 μm, and copper powder is electrolytic copper powder, copper content >=99.9 (wt) %, and particle mean size is 8 ~ 10 μm; Nickel powder is carbonyl nickel powder, nickel content >=99.9 (wt) %, and Pingdu granularity is 3.0 ~ 5.5 μm.
As preferably, described step 3) mould adopts carbide alloy former and high-speed steel stamping, and forming pressure is 450 ~ 600MPa, and shaping density is greater than 2.50g/cm
3.
As improvement, described step 4) sintering carries out under protective atmosphere, protective atmosphere is High Purity Nitrogen, and oxygen content is lower than 10PPM, and dew point is lower than-40 DEG C, and sintering temperature is 580 ~ 605 DEG C, and sintering furnace is meshbeltfurnace.
Improve again, described step 4) sandblasting adopt abrasive material be alumina particle or steel sand, particle size is less than 200 μm, and blast time is greater than 30 seconds.
Preferred again, described step 5) solid solubility temperature be 450 ~ 560 DEG C, hardening media is water, quenching shift time≤10s.
Preferred again, described step 6) multiple pressure finishing need carry out in 4 hours after solid solution-Quenching Treatment, press finishing again on shaping press, in shaping mould, carry out full shaping.
Preferred again, described step 7) Ageing Treatment need carry out in 2 hours after multiple pressure finishing, the time of Ageing Treatment is 3 ~ 8h.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that: provide a kind of stock utilization high, production cost is low, be suitable for the aluminium-alloy rotor production method produced in enormous quantities, compared with the rotor of sintered steel material, Al alloy powder suppression performance is good, during compacting, required pressure is only the half of iron powder, so just make compacting tool set have longer service life, pressing speed is faster, and pressing cost reduces; Sintered aluminum alloy temperature far below sintered steel, in sintering process energy consumption reduce; Only need nitrogen as protective atmosphere in sintering process, economic benefit improves; The processing characteristics of powder metallurgy aluminium rotor is better, and comprise process velocity faster, surface roughness is good, and cutter life is long; Do not need to carry out surfacecti proteon process in transport and storing process.Compared with die casting or extruding aluminium alloy rotor, powder metallurgy is a kind of technology of near-net-shape, and raw material of aluminum alloy utilization rate is high, and production efficiency is high, and production cost is low.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic appearance of POWDER METALLURGY ALUMINIUM ALLOYS phaser rotor of the present invention;
Fig. 2 (a) is POWDER METALLURGY ALUMINIUM ALLOYS phaser rotor of the present invention pure aluminium powder powder particle used shape appearance figure;
Fig. 2 (b) is the powder particle shape appearance figure of POWDER METALLURGY ALUMINIUM ALLOYS phaser rotor of the present invention Al-Mg alloyed powder used;
Fig. 2 (c) is the powder particle shape appearance figure of POWDER METALLURGY ALUMINIUM ALLOYS phaser rotor of the present invention Al-Si alloyed powder used;
Fig. 2 (d) is the powder particle shape appearance figure of POWDER METALLURGY ALUMINIUM ALLOYS phaser rotor of the present invention Al-Fe alloyed powder used;
Fig. 2 (e) is the powder particle shape appearance figure of POWDER METALLURGY ALUMINIUM ALLOYS phaser rotor of the present invention electrolytic copper powder used;
Fig. 2 (f) is the powder particle shape appearance figure of POWDER METALLURGY ALUMINIUM ALLOYS phaser rotor of the present invention carbonyl nickel powder used;
Fig. 3 is the hole photo after POWDER METALLURGY ALUMINIUM ALLOYS phaser rotor of the present invention sintering;
Fig. 4 is the microstructure picture after POWDER METALLURGY ALUMINIUM ALLOYS phaser rotor of the present invention heat treatment;
Fig. 5 is the Fracture scan photo after POWDER METALLURGY ALUMINIUM ALLOYS phaser rotor of the present invention heat treatment.
Detailed description of the invention
According to feature of the present invention, element powders is adopted to carry out mix designs aluminum bronze magnesium iron nickel system alloy material, element powders is compressing by room temperature after mixing, then sinter in meshbeltfurnace, sintered products carries out solid solution, shaping, timeliness, machined, deburring process again, obtains the phaser rotor that size and performance all meet serviceability.
Embodiment 1:
1, aluminium powder, the female powder of high alloy (the female powder of Al-Mg alloy, the female powder of Al-Si alloy, the female powder of Al-Fe alloy), copper powder, nickel powder and organic lubricant are pressed the mixing of following mass ratio, the mass percentage of each element in total component is made to be: copper 2.0%, magnesium 2.0%, iron 1.0%; Nickel 1.8%, silicon 0.25%, wax series lubricant agent: 1.0%, is no more than the inevitable impurity of 2%, and surplus is aluminium; Adopt Double cone mixer during batch mixing, batch mixer rotating speed is 15rpm, mixing time 30min.
2, the rotor material powder will mixed, compressingly under 250MPa pressure in the mould of design obtains powder metallurgy aluminium rotor green compact, and the shaping density of green compact is 2.60g/cm
3.
3, the guipure compressing powder metallurgy rotor being placed in continuous fritting furnace sinters.Sintering temperature is 595 DEG C, and sintering atmosphere is high pure nitrogen, sintering time 60 minutes, and the sintered density of powder metallurgy rotor is 2.62g/cm
3.
4, carry out sandblasting deburring after terminating, sand fineness used is less than 200 μm, and blast time is greater than 30 seconds.
5, after deburring, powder metallurgy rotor carries out solid solution, Quenching Treatment, and solid solubility temperature is 515 DEG C, and solid solution temperature retention time is 60min, and hardening media is water, quenching shift time≤10s.
6, the rotor after solid solution-Quenching Treatment was carried out multiple pressure finishing in 4 hours, press finishing again on shaping press, in shaping mould, carry out full shaping, shaping deflection 15%.The distortion of the rectifiable powder metallurgy rotor caused because of sintering of the shaping of aximal deformation value, makes part closer to figure paper size, simultaneously for next step timeliness provides deformation, shortens aging time.
7, the rotor after finishing carried out Ageing Treatment in 2 hours, and aging temp is 195 DEG C, aging time 8h, and after timeliness, the microscopic structure of rotor is shown in Fig. 4, and fracture apperance is shown in Fig. 5, and the mechanical property after heat treatment is as shown in table 1.
8, by phaser rotor drawing, precision turning is carried out to rotor.
The mechanical property of the made rotor of embodiment 1 and the rotor performance of pressing method contrast as shown in table 1: powder metallurgy aluminium phaser rotor room temperature and elevated temperature strength are all better than the rotor that pressing method is produced, but percentage elongation and hardness are slightly low.
The mechanical property of the made rotor of table 1 embodiment 1 and the rotor performance of pressing method contrast
Embodiment 2:
1, aluminium powder, the female powder of high alloy (the female powder of Al-Mg alloy, the female powder of Al-Si alloy, the female powder of Al-Fe alloy), copper powder, nickel powder and organic lubricant are pressed the mixing of following mass ratio, the mass percentage of each element in total component is made to be: copper 3.0%, magnesium 1.8%, iron 1.2%; Nickel 2.0%, silicon 0.50%, wax series lubricant agent: 1.0%, is no more than the inevitable impurity of 2%, and surplus is aluminium; Adopt Double cone mixer during batch mixing, batch mixer rotating speed is 15rpm, mixing time 30min.
2, the rotor material powder will mixed, compressingly under 400MPa pressure in the mould of design obtains powder metallurgy aluminium rotor green compact, and the shaping density of green compact is 2.65g/cm
3.
3, the guipure compressing powder metallurgy rotor being placed in continuous fritting furnace sinters.Sintering temperature is 600 DEG C, and sintering atmosphere is high pure nitrogen, sintering time 60 minutes, and the sintered density of powder metallurgy rotor is 2.65g/cm
3.
4, carry out sandblasting deburring after terminating, sand fineness used is less than 200 μm, and blast time is greater than 30 seconds.
5, after deburring, powder metallurgy rotor carries out solid solution, Quenching Treatment, and solid solubility temperature is 520 DEG C, and solid solution temperature retention time is 60min, and hardening media is water, quenching shift time≤10s.
6, the rotor after solid solution-Quenching Treatment was carried out multiple pressure finishing in 4 hours, press finishing again on shaping press, in shaping mould, carry out full shaping, shaping deflection 15%.
7, the rotor after finishing carried out Ageing Treatment in 2 hours, and aging temp is 195 DEG C, aging time 8h.
8, by phaser rotor drawing, precision turning is carried out to rotor.
Embodiment 3:
1, aluminium powder, the female powder of high alloy (the female powder of Al-Mg alloy, the female powder of Al-Si alloy, the female powder of Al-Fe alloy), copper powder, nickel powder and organic lubricant are pressed the mixing of following mass ratio, the mass percentage of each element in total component is made to be: copper 3.0%, magnesium 1.8%, iron 1.2%; Nickel 2.0%, silicon 0.50%, amide-type organic lubricant: 1.0%, is no more than the inevitable impurity of 2%, and surplus is aluminium; Adopt Double cone mixer during batch mixing, batch mixer rotating speed is 15rpm, mixing time 30min.
2, the rotor material powder will mixed, compressingly under 250MPa pressure in the mould of design obtains powder metallurgy aluminium rotor green compact, and the shaping density of green compact is 2.60g/cm
3.
3, the guipure compressing powder metallurgy rotor being placed in continuous fritting furnace sinters.Sintering temperature is 595 DEG C, and sintering atmosphere is high pure nitrogen, sintering time 90 minutes, and the sintered density of powder metallurgy rotor is 2.65g/cm
3.
4, carry out sandblasting deburring after terminating, sand fineness used is less than 200 μm, and blast time is greater than 30 seconds.
5, after deburring, powder metallurgy rotor carries out solid solution, Quenching Treatment, and solid solubility temperature is 540 DEG C, and solid solution temperature retention time is 45min, and hardening media is water, quenching shift time≤10s.
6, the rotor after solid solution-Quenching Treatment was carried out multiple pressure finishing in 4 hours, press finishing again on shaping press, in shaping mould, carry out full shaping, shaping deflection 15%.The distortion of the rectifiable powder metallurgy rotor caused because of sintering of the shaping of aximal deformation value, makes part closer to figure paper size, simultaneously for next step timeliness provides deformation, shortens aging time.
7, the rotor after finishing carried out Ageing Treatment in 2 hours, and aging temp is 200 DEG C, aging time 8h.
8, by phaser rotor drawing, precision turning is carried out to rotor.
Embodiment 4:
1, aluminium powder, the female powder of high alloy (the female powder of Al-Mg alloy, the female powder of Al-Si alloy, the female powder of Al-Fe alloy), copper powder, nickel powder and organic lubricant are pressed the mixing of following mass ratio, the mass percentage of each element in total component is made to be: copper 1.8%, magnesium 2.0%, iron 1.0%; Nickel 1.5%, silicon 0.50%, amide-type organic lubricant: 1.0%, is no more than the inevitable impurity of 2%, and surplus is aluminium; Adopt Double cone mixer during batch mixing, batch mixer rotating speed is 15rpm, mixing time 30min.
2, the rotor material powder will mixed, compressingly under 250MPa pressure in the mould of design obtains powder metallurgy aluminium rotor green compact, and the shaping density of green compact is 2.60g/cm
3.
3, the guipure compressing powder metallurgy rotor being placed in continuous fritting furnace sinters.Sintering temperature is 595 DEG C, and sintering atmosphere is high pure nitrogen, sintering time 90 minutes, and the sintered density of powder metallurgy rotor is 2.65g/cm
3.
4, carry out sandblasting deburring after terminating, sand fineness used is less than 200 μm, and blast time is greater than 30 seconds.
5, after deburring, powder metallurgy rotor carries out solid solution, Quenching Treatment, and solid solubility temperature is 540 DEG C, and solid solution temperature retention time is 45min, and hardening media is water, quenching shift time≤10s.
6, the rotor after solid solution-Quenching Treatment was carried out multiple pressure finishing in 4 hours, press finishing again on shaping press, in shaping mould, carry out full shaping, shaping deflection 25%.
7, the rotor after finishing carried out Ageing Treatment in 2 hours, and aging temp is 195 DEG C, aging time 6h.
8, by phaser rotor drawing, precision turning is carried out to rotor.
Claims (10)
1. a preparation method for POWDER METALLURGY ALUMINIUM ALLOYS phaser rotor, is characterized in that comprising the following steps successively:
1) aluminium powder, the female powder of Al-Mg alloy, the female powder of Al-Si alloy, Al-Fe alloy female powder, copper powder, nickel powder and organic lubricant are mixed into mixed powder by following mass ratio, the mass percentage of each element in total component is made to be: copper 1.8 ~ 3.0%, magnesium 1.0 ~ 2.0%, iron 1.0 ~ 1.5%; Nickel 0.8 ~ 2.0%, silicon 0.1 ~ 0.5%, organic lubricant: 0.8 ~ 1.5%, is no more than the inevitable impurity of 2%, and surplus is aluminium;
2) use that mould is compressing obtains powder metallurgy green compact, forming pressure 150 ~ 650MPa, shaping density 2.20 ~ 2.75g/cm
3;
3) powder metallurgy green compact are placed in sintering furnace to sinter, sintering temperature is 530 ~ 635 DEG C of times, and sintering time 30 ~ 90min, sintered blank density is greater than 2.60g/cm
3;
4) sandblasting deburring is carried out to sintered blank;
5) then solution treatment is carried out to sintered blank, solid solubility temperature 450 ~ 560 DEG C, solid solution temperature retention time 30 ~ 60min, quenching;
6) sintered blank after Quenching Treatment is carried out multiple pressure finishing, press finishing deflection to be not less than 15% again;
7) carry out Ageing Treatment to part, aging temp is 195 ~ 205 DEG C, aging time 50 ~ 500 minutes;
8) finally grinding is carried out to rotor, reach final size requirement.
2. preparation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step 1) organic lubricant be wax class or amide-type lubricant.
3. preparation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step 2) aluminium powder adopt high-purity atomizing aluminium powder, in this atomizing aluminium powder, oxygen content is less than 0.3 (wt) %, and suppression performance is greater than 2.60g/cm under 250MPa
3, apparent density is greater than 1.05g/cm
3, flow velocity 25 ~ 30s/50g, particle mean size is between 150 ± 10 μm.
4. preparation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step 2) the female powder of Al-Mg alloy in Mg content be 49 ~ 51 (wt) %, oxygen content is less than 0.2 (wt) %, and particle mean size is 5 ~ 8 μm; In the female powder of Al-Si alloy, Si content is 36 ~ 38 (wt) %, and oxygen content is less than 0.2 (wt) %, and particle mean size is 10 ~ 15 μm; In Al-Fe alloyed powder, Fe content is 9 ~ 11 (wt) %, and oxygen content is less than 0.2 (wt) %, and particle mean size is 10 ~ 15 μm, and copper powder is electrolytic copper powder, copper content >=99.9 (wt) %, and particle mean size is 8 ~ 10 μm; Nickel powder is carbonyl nickel powder, nickel content >=99.9 (wt) %, and Pingdu granularity is 3.0 ~ 5.5 μm.
5. preparation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step 3) mould adopts carbide alloy former and high-speed steel stamping, and forming pressure is 450 ~ 600MPa, and shaping density is greater than 2.50g/cm
3.
6. preparation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step 4) sintering be carry out under protective atmosphere, protective atmosphere is High Purity Nitrogen; oxygen content is lower than 10PPM; dew point is lower than-40 DEG C, and sintering temperature is 580 ~ 605 DEG C, and sintering furnace is meshbeltfurnace.
7. preparation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step 4) sandblasting adopt abrasive material be alumina particle or steel sand, particle size is less than 200 μm, and blast time is greater than 30 seconds.
8. preparation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step 5) solid solubility temperature be 450 ~ 560 DEG C, hardening media is water, quenching shift time≤10s.
9. preparation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step 6) multiple pressure finishing need carry out in 4 hours after solid solution-Quenching Treatment, again press finishing on shaping press, in shaping mould, carry out full shaping.
10. preparation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step 7) Ageing Treatment need carry out in 2 hours after multiple pressure finishing, the time of Ageing Treatment is 3 ~ 8h.
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| CN110014148A (en) * | 2018-01-10 | 2019-07-16 | Gkn烧结金属有限公司 | The method for improving the fatigue strength of the aluminium powder metal assembly Jing Guo size adjusting |
| CN111218585A (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-06-02 | 南京东睦粉末冶金有限公司 | Preparation method of powder metallurgy aluminum alloy connecting rod for compressor |
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| CN111218585A (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-06-02 | 南京东睦粉末冶金有限公司 | Preparation method of powder metallurgy aluminum alloy connecting rod for compressor |
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