CN109702185B - Aluminum-based composite material forged piece and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Aluminum-based composite material forged piece and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109702185B CN109702185B CN201910062205.5A CN201910062205A CN109702185B CN 109702185 B CN109702185 B CN 109702185B CN 201910062205 A CN201910062205 A CN 201910062205A CN 109702185 B CN109702185 B CN 109702185B
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of metal material forging and pressing, in particular to an aluminum-based composite material forged piece and a preparation method thereof. According to the aluminum alloy composite material forging piece, three aluminum alloy powder with different grain sizes and silicon carbide powder are matched for use, so that the silicon carbide powder can be uniformly distributed in the aluminum matrix composite material, the reinforcing effect is improved to the greatest extent, the aluminum matrix composite material has higher density, the aluminum matrix composite material forging piece is forged and pressed by taking the aluminum matrix composite material as a blank, the surface of the obtained aluminum matrix composite material forging piece is smooth, no crack exists, and the aluminum matrix composite material forging piece has excellent mechanical properties. The results of the examples show that the relative density of the aluminum matrix composite material provided by the invention reaches 99%, the aluminum matrix composite material forged piece obtained by forging the aluminum matrix composite material as the blank has a smooth surface and no cracking, the tensile strength is 342-362 MPa, the yield strength is 314-347 MPa, and the elongation is 6.86-8.40%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal material forging and pressing, in particular to an aluminum-based composite material forged piece and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The aluminum matrix composite material is characterized in that the matrix alloy is reinforced by particles, so that interface absorption energy is generated, crack propagation is hindered, and the elastic modulus and strength of the material are improved. The SiC/6061 aluminum matrix composite is one of the materials, and the SiC can enable the room temperature strength of the composite to reach 350 MPa. With the improvement of the light weight requirement of the automobile, the weight is reduced through material selection, so that the material of the automobile forging and pressing part is concerned.
At present, the automobile hub is made of cast aluminum alloy, and the cast aluminum alloy hub has high strength, rigidity and dynamic stability at room temperature, but is thick in wall thickness and heavy in weight. Along with the development of the aluminum-based composite material, the strength, rigidity and dynamic stability of the aluminum-based composite material meet the use requirements of forged parts such as automobile hubs and the like, and compared with cast aluminum alloy, the aluminum-based composite material can reduce the weight by nearly one third, and has important significance for realizing light weight and high performance of automobiles. However, the yield and tensile strength of the particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material prepared by adopting the powder metallurgy method are both increased due to the addition of the micron-sized silicon carbide powder, but the elongation is insufficient, the forging process interval is narrow, and the particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material is easy to generate local extrusion, crushing and cracking in the forging process, so that the popularization and the application of the particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material are limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an aluminum matrix composite material forged piece and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides an aluminum-based composite material forged piece, which is formed by forging and pressing an aluminum-based composite material, wherein the aluminum-based composite material is prepared by sequentially carrying out ball milling, cold isostatic pressing and vacuum pressureless sintering on preparation raw materials comprising aluminum alloy powder, silicon carbide powder and a sintering aid;
the aluminum alloy powder comprises aluminum alloy ultrafine powder, aluminum alloy fine powder and aluminum alloy coarse powder, wherein the D50 of the aluminum alloy ultrafine powder is 1-5 mu m, the D50 of the aluminum alloy fine powder is 8-12 mu m, and the D50 of the aluminum alloy coarse powder is 20-60 mu m; the mass ratio of the aluminum alloy ultrafine powder to the aluminum alloy fine powder to the aluminum alloy coarse powder is (60-80): (7-15): (7-15);
the D50 of the silicon carbide powder is 0.4-20 mu m, and the addition amount is 5-15% of the mass of the aluminum alloy powder;
the addition amount of the sintering aid is 0.05-0.2% of the mass of the aluminum alloy powder.
Preferably, the silicon carbide powder comprises silicon carbide ultra-fine powder, silicon carbide fine powder and silicon carbide coarse powder, the D50 of the silicon carbide ultra-fine powder is less than 6 microns, the D50 of the silicon carbide fine powder is 6-12 microns, and the D50 of the silicon carbide coarse powder is more than 12 microns.
Preferably, the mass content of the silicon carbide ultrafine powder is 0-50%, the mass content of the silicon carbide fine powder is 50-100%, and the mass content of the silicon carbide coarse powder is 0-20%, based on 100% of the mass of the silicon carbide powder.
Preferably, the sintering aid comprises one or two of Zn powder, SnCu alloy powder and AlZn alloy powder.
Preferably, the relative density of the aluminum matrix composite material is 97-99%.
The invention provides a preparation method of the aluminum matrix composite material forged piece in the technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:
and forging and pressing the aluminum-based composite material to obtain the forged and pressed piece of the aluminum-based composite material.
Preferably, the forging comprises a pre-forging and a final forging performed in sequence.
Preferably, the preforging includes: heating the aluminum-based composite material to 300-550 ℃ at a heating rate of 10-20 ℃/min, and transferring the aluminum-based composite material to a pre-forging die preheated to 30-150 ℃ for pre-forging, so as to obtain a pre-forged piece; the pre-forging and pressing speed is 5-15 mm/s, the pressure is 800-900T, and the deformation rate is 45-60%.
Preferably, the finish forging includes: heating the pre-forging piece obtained after pre-forging to 300-480 ℃ at the heating rate of 10-20 ℃/min, transferring the pre-forging piece to a final forging die preheated to 400-480 ℃ for final forging, and obtaining an aluminum-based composite material forging piece; the final forging and pressing speed is 0.5-3 mm/s, the pressure is 800-900T, and the deformation rate is 50-60%.
Preferably, the forging further comprises a heat treatment, and the heat treatment comprises: and heating the forged test piece to 500-520 ℃ at a heating rate of 10-20 ℃/min, cooling the test piece to room temperature by water, heating to 165-175 ℃ at a heating rate of 10-20 ℃/min, and carrying out heat preservation for 10-15 h.
The invention provides an aluminum matrix composite material forged piece, which is formed by forging and pressing an aluminum matrix composite material, wherein the preparation raw materials of the aluminum matrix composite material comprise aluminum alloy powder, silicon carbide powder and a sintering aid; the aluminum alloy powder comprises aluminum alloy ultrafine powder, aluminum alloy fine powder and aluminum alloy coarse powder, wherein the D50 of the aluminum alloy ultrafine powder is 1-5 mu m, the D50 of the aluminum alloy fine powder is 8-12 mu m, and the D50 of the aluminum alloy coarse powder is 20-60 mu m; the mass ratio of the aluminum alloy ultrafine powder to the aluminum alloy fine powder to the aluminum alloy coarse powder is (60-80): (7-15): (7-15); the D50 of the silicon carbide powder is 0.4-20 mu m, and the addition amount is 5-15% of the mass of the aluminum alloy powder; the addition amount of the sintering aid is 0.05-0.2% of the mass of the aluminum alloy powder. According to the invention, three aluminum alloy powders with different particle sizes are matched for use, the aluminum alloy ultrafine powder and the aluminum alloy fine powder can fill gaps between aluminum alloy coarse powders, and the density of the aluminum-based composite material is favorably improved by controlling the proportion of the three powders; meanwhile, the aluminum alloy ultrafine powder and the aluminum alloy fine powder have larger surface energy than the aluminum alloy coarse powder, and the aluminum alloy ultrafine powder and the aluminum alloy fine powder are more favorable for preparing the aluminum matrix composite material with high density by a sintering method in the range of the mixture ratio. In addition, the silicon carbide powder with the granularity and the addition amount range is matched with the aluminum alloy powder for use, so that the silicon carbide powder can be uniformly distributed in the composite material, and the reinforcing effect is improved to the greatest extent.
The aluminum matrix composite material provided by the invention has high density, and can be used as a blank for forging, so that the obtained aluminum matrix composite material forged piece has a smooth surface, no crack and excellent mechanical properties. The results of the examples show that the relative density of the aluminum-based composite material provided by the invention reaches 99%, the surface of the forged piece of the aluminum-based composite material is smooth and free of cracking, the tensile strength is 342-362 MPa, the yield strength is 314-347 MPa, and the elongation is 6.86-8.40%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the green compact density and the powder gap in the cold isostatic pressing process according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a sample obtained after the final forging in example 1.
Detailed Description
The invention provides an aluminum-based composite material forged piece, which is formed by forging and pressing an aluminum-based composite material, wherein the aluminum-based composite material is prepared by sequentially carrying out ball milling, cold isostatic pressing and vacuum pressureless sintering on preparation raw materials comprising aluminum alloy powder, silicon carbide powder and a sintering aid;
the aluminum alloy powder comprises aluminum alloy ultrafine powder, aluminum alloy fine powder and aluminum alloy coarse powder, wherein the D50 of the aluminum alloy ultrafine powder is 1-5 mu m, the D50 of the aluminum alloy fine powder is 8-12 mu m, and the D50 of the aluminum alloy coarse powder is 20-60 mu m; the mass ratio of the aluminum alloy ultrafine powder to the aluminum alloy fine powder to the aluminum alloy coarse powder is (60-80): (7-15): (7-15);
the D50 of the silicon carbide powder is 0.4-20 mu m, and the addition amount is 5-15% of the mass of the aluminum alloy powder;
the addition amount of the sintering aid is 0.05-0.2% of the mass of the aluminum alloy powder.
According to the invention, three aluminum alloy powders with different particle sizes are matched for use, the aluminum alloy ultrafine powder and the aluminum alloy fine powder can fill gaps between aluminum alloy coarse powders, and the density of the aluminum-based composite material is favorably improved by controlling the proportion of the three powders; meanwhile, the aluminum alloy ultrafine powder and the aluminum alloy fine powder have larger surface energy than the aluminum alloy coarse powder, and the aluminum alloy ultrafine powder and the aluminum alloy fine powder are more favorable for preparing the aluminum matrix composite material with high density by a sintering method in the range of the mixture ratio. In addition, the silicon carbide powder with the granularity and the addition amount range is matched with the aluminum alloy powder for use, so that the silicon carbide powder can be uniformly distributed in the composite material, the interface between the silicon carbide powder and the aluminum matrix is ensured to have good wettability, and the reinforcing effect is improved to the greatest extent. The aluminum matrix composite material provided by the invention has high density, and can be used as a blank for forging, so that the obtained aluminum matrix composite material forged piece has a smooth surface, no crack and excellent mechanical properties.
The raw materials for preparing the aluminum-based composite material comprise aluminum alloy powder. The specific type of the aluminum alloy powder is not particularly limited, and the aluminum alloy powder known by the technicians in the field can be adopted; in the present invention, the aluminum alloy powder is preferably an aluminum-silicon-magnesium-based wrought aluminum alloy powder, and more preferably includes 6061 aluminum alloy powder, 6063 aluminum alloy powder, or 6082 aluminum alloy powder. In the invention, the aluminum alloy powder comprises aluminum alloy ultrafine powder, aluminum alloy fine powder and aluminum alloy coarse powder, and the D50 of the aluminum alloy ultrafine powder is 1-5 μm, preferably 3-5 μm, and further preferably 5 μm; d50 of the aluminum alloy fine powder is 8-12 μm, preferably 9-11 μm, and more preferably 10 μm; the aluminum alloy coarse powder has a D50 of 20 to 60 μm, preferably 20 to 40 μm, and more preferably 20 μm. In the invention, the mass ratio of the aluminum alloy ultrafine powder to the aluminum alloy fine powder to the aluminum alloy coarse powder is (60-80): (7-15): (7-15), preferably (63-72): (9-13.5): (9-13.5).
The preparation raw material of the aluminum-based composite material comprises silicon carbide powder, wherein D50 of the silicon carbide powder is 0.4-20 mu m, and the addition amount of the silicon carbide powder is 5-15% of the mass of the aluminum alloy powder, preferably 8-12%. In the invention, the silicon carbide powder preferably comprises silicon carbide ultrafine powder, silicon carbide fine powder and silicon carbide coarse powder, and D50 of the silicon carbide ultrafine powder is preferably less than 6 μm, and more preferably 4-5 μm; d50 of the silicon carbide fine powder is preferably 6-12 μm, and more preferably 8-10 μm; the D50 of the silicon carbide coarse powder is preferably more than 12 μm, and more preferably 14 to 15 μm.
In the invention, the mass content of the silicon carbide ultrafine powder is preferably 0-50%, and more preferably 20-50% based on 100% of the mass of the silicon carbide powder; the mass content of the silicon carbide fine powder is preferably 50-100%, more preferably 50-80%, and the mass content of the silicon carbide coarse powder is preferably 0-20%, more preferably 5-15%.
In the invention, the sintering aid preferably comprises one or two of Zn powder, SnCu alloy powder and AlZn alloy powder, and more preferably comprises Zn powder, SnCu alloy powder or AlZn alloy powder. In the invention, the particle size of the sintering aid is preferably 5-40 μm, and more preferably 15-30 μm.
In the invention, the relative density of the aluminum-based composite material is preferably 97-99%.
The invention provides a preparation method of the aluminum matrix composite material in the technical scheme, which preferably comprises the following steps:
carrying out ball milling on aluminum alloy powder, silicon carbide powder and a sintering aid to obtain a mixed ball grinding material;
carrying out cold isostatic pressing on the mixed ball grinding material to obtain a pressed blank;
and carrying out vacuum pressureless sintering on the pressed compact to obtain the aluminum matrix composite.
The invention carries out ball milling on aluminum alloy powder, silicon carbide powder and sintering aids to obtain the mixed ball grinding material. In the invention, the volume ratio of the ball materials of the ball mill is preferably (1-4): 1, more preferably (2-3): 1; the rotation speed is preferably 15-40 r/min, and more preferably 30-40 r/min; the time is preferably 2 to 6 hours, and more preferably 4 to 6 hours.
In the invention, an oxide film is easily formed on the surface of the aluminum alloy powder, so that atomic diffusion among different powder metals is blocked, and a compact sintering billet is not easy to obtain; according to the invention, the aluminum oxide film on the surface of the aluminum alloy powder is stripped and cold-welded into the aluminum alloy through ball milling, so that fresh surface metal is exposed, the surface activity of the aluminum alloy powder is improved, and the surface of the activated aluminum alloy powder is beneficial to atomic diffusion between powder surfaces in the sintering process; however, if the aluminum alloy powder is seriously deformed and cold-welded in the ball milling process, the sphericity of the aluminum alloy powder is deteriorated, so that the fluidity of the aluminum alloy powder is reduced, and the billet with higher density is not easy to obtain. The invention carries out ball milling within the range of the operation parameters, can ensure that all preparation raw materials are fully mixed, can also ensure the surface activity and the sphericity of the aluminum alloy powder to the maximum extent, and lays a foundation for the subsequent preparation of the high-density aluminum-based composite material.
After the mixed ball grinding material is obtained, the mixed ball grinding material is subjected to cold isostatic pressing forming to obtain a green compact. In the invention, the pressure of the cold isostatic pressing is preferably 100-250 MPa, more preferably 150-200 MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is preferably 2-8 min, more preferably 2-5 min. In the present invention, the relative density of the green compact is preferably 75 to 85%.
In the invention, the relative density of the pressed compact is related to the relative density of the aluminum matrix composite obtained after the subsequent vacuum pressureless sintering, if the density of the pressed compact is too low, the gap between the powders is larger, and the sintering diameter is difficult to grow, close and reduce in the subsequent sintering process (as shown in figure 1 a); if the green compact density is too high, the fine gaps between the powders are completely closed, and it is difficult to smoothly discharge the air between the gaps and the water of crystallization adsorbed on the powder surface (see FIG. 1 b). On the basis of the granularity and the proportion of the preparation raw materials, the relative density of the pressed compact can be ensured to be within the range of 75-85 percent (as shown in figure 1 c) by controlling the pressure and the pressure maintaining time of cold isostatic pressing, and the aluminum-based composite material with the optimal density can be obtained subsequently. The aluminum matrix composite material provided by the invention has high density, and can be used as a blank for forging, so that the obtained aluminum matrix composite material forged piece has a smooth surface, no crack and excellent mechanical properties.
After the pressed compact is obtained, the pressed compact is subjected to vacuum pressureless sintering to obtain the aluminum matrix composite. In the present invention, the vacuum pressureless sintering preferably specifically includes: heating the temperature from room temperature to 200-300 ℃ at a first heating rate, and keeping the temperature for 30-120 min; then heating to 350-550 ℃ at a second heating rate, and preserving heat for 30-120 min; finally, heating to 600-640 ℃ at a third heating rate, and preserving heat for 120-600 min; the first temperature rise rate, the second temperature rise rate and the third temperature rise rate are independently 2-5 ℃/min. In the present invention, the vacuum pressureless sintering more preferably specifically includes: heating the temperature from room temperature to 200-250 ℃ at a first heating rate, and keeping the temperature for 30-50 min; then heating to 400-500 ℃ at a second heating rate, and preserving heat for 30-50 min; finally, heating to 630-640 ℃ at a third heating rate, and preserving heat for 120-240 min; the first temperature rise rate, the second temperature rise rate and the third temperature rise rate are independently 2-3 ℃/min.
In the invention, the vacuum pressureless sintering comprises three sintering stages, wherein heat preservation is carried out at a low temperature section, and a small amount of water vapor, crystal water, oil substances and the like in a pressed blank are discharged; then, preserving heat in a middle temperature section to ensure that the pressed compact is heated uniformly, and forming low-temperature liquid phases (SnCu liquid phase, AlZn liquid phase, Zn liquid phase and the like) to promote sintering; and finally, raising the temperature to a high-temperature section for heat preservation, forming enough liquid phase in the pressed compact, ensuring the full diffusion of atoms and the closed growth of the sintering diameter, and enabling the relative density of the aluminum-based composite material obtained after sintering to reach 99%.
The invention provides a preparation method of the aluminum matrix composite material forged piece in the technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:
and forging and pressing the aluminum-based composite material to obtain the forged and pressed piece of the aluminum-based composite material.
In the invention, before forging, the aluminum matrix composite material is preferably cut into a forging blank with a suitable size and shape according to actual needs, for example, the forging blank can be a cylindrical forging blank with a diameter of 85mm and a thickness of 40 mm.
In the present invention, the forging preferably includes a pre-forging and a final forging in this order.
In the present invention, the preforging preferably includes: heating the aluminum-based composite material to 300-550 ℃ at a heating rate of 10-20 ℃/min, and transferring the aluminum-based composite material to a pre-forging die preheated to 30-150 ℃ for pre-forging, so as to obtain a pre-forged piece; the pre-forging and pressing speed is 5-15 mm/s, the pressure is 800-900T, and the deformation rate is 45-60%.
In the invention, the heating rate of the aluminum matrix composite material is preferably 12-15 ℃/min; preferably, the aluminum matrix composite is heated to 400-500 ℃ from room temperature; the preheating temperature of the pre-forging die is preferably 60-100 ℃. According to the invention, the temperature rise rate and the heating temperature of the aluminum matrix composite are controlled, and the preheating temperature of the pre-forging die is controlled within the range, so that the pre-forging of the aluminum matrix composite can be ensured under the state of low deformation resistance, and the aluminum matrix composite is prevented from cracking in the pre-forging process. In the embodiment of the invention, in order to fully ensure that the temperature inside the aluminum-based composite material reaches the heating temperature (namely 400-500 ℃), the aluminum-based composite material is preferably heated and then is subjected to heat preservation, the heat preservation coefficient of the heat preservation is preferably 1.0-1.5 min/mm, and the heat preservation coefficient specifically refers to that the heat preservation time is determined by taking the thickness direction of the aluminum-based composite material as a reference, namely, if the thickness of the aluminum-based composite material is 1mm, the heat preservation needs to be carried out for 1.0-1.5 min, so that the proper heat preservation time is determined according to the actual thickness of the aluminum-based composite material.
In the present invention, the preheating of the pre-forging die is preferably by acetylene gun heating; the method has no special limitation on the heating mode and the operating parameters of the acetylene gun, and the pre-forging die can be preheated to the temperature. After the pre-forging die is preheated, carbon dust or graphite is preferably sprayed on the inner surface of the pre-forging die for lubrication; the method has no special limitation on the spraying mode and the spraying amount of the carbon dust or graphite, and can lubricate the pre-forging die and facilitate demoulding after the pre-forging is finished.
In the invention, the pre-forging pressing speed is preferably 8-12 mm/s, the pressure is preferably 820-850T, and the deformation rate is preferably 50-55%. According to the invention, the pressing speed, the pressure and the deformation rate of the pre-forging are controlled within the ranges, so that the aluminum matrix composite can be preformed to a certain extent, and the problem of material cracking caused by excessive deformation in the final forging process is avoided.
In the invention, the temperature of the material is reduced in the pre-forging process (the temperature reduction range is related to factors such as part size, operation rhythm, material transfer speed and the like), and the invention preferably directly heats the pre-forged part obtained after the pre-forging process is finished to the temperature required by finish forging.
In the present invention, the finish forging preferably includes: heating the pre-forging piece to 300-480 ℃ at a heating rate of 10-20 ℃/min, transferring the pre-forging piece to a finish forging die preheated to 400-480 ℃ for finish forging and pressing to obtain an aluminum matrix composite material forged piece; the final forging and pressing speed is 0.5-3 mm/s, the pressure is 800-900T, and the deformation rate is 50-60%.
In the invention, the heating rate of the pre-forging piece is preferably 12-15 ℃/min; preferably, the temperature of the preforged piece after preforging and pressing is heated to 350-450 ℃; the preheating temperature of the finish forging die is preferably 420-450 ℃. According to the invention, by controlling the heating rate and the heating temperature of the pre-forging piece and controlling the preheating temperature of the finish forging die within the range, the material can be ensured to have good deformability, and the problem of cracking of the material in the finish forging process is avoided. In the embodiment of the invention, in order to fully ensure that the temperature inside the pre-forging reaches the heating temperature (namely 350-430 ℃), the pre-forging is preferably heated and then is subjected to heat preservation, the heat preservation coefficient of the heat preservation is preferably 1.0-1.3 min/mm, the heat preservation coefficient specifically refers to that the heat preservation time is determined by taking the thickness direction of the pre-forging as a reference, namely, if the thickness of the pre-forging is 1mm, the heat preservation time needs to be 1.0-1.3 min, so that the proper heat preservation time is determined according to the actual thickness of the pre-forging.
In the present invention, the preheating of the finish forging die is preferably by acetylene gun heating; the method has no special limitation on the heating mode and the operating parameters of the acetylene gun, and the finish forging die can be preheated to the temperature. After the finish forging die is preheated, carbon dust or graphite is preferably sprayed on the inner surface of the finish forging die for lubrication; the method has no special limitation on the spraying mode and the spraying amount of the carbon dust or graphite, and can lubricate the finish forging die and facilitate demoulding after finish forging and pressing.
In the invention, the final forging pressing speed is preferably 1-2 mm/s, the pressure is preferably 820-850T, and the deformation rate is preferably 52-57%. According to the invention, the pressing speed, the pressure and the deformation rate of the final forging are controlled within the ranges, so that the material can be ensured to have good deformation capacity, and the problem of material cracking in the final forging process is avoided.
After the forging and pressing are completed, the test piece obtained after forging and pressing is preferably heated to 500-520 ℃ at the heating rate of 10-20 ℃/min, then cooled to room temperature by water, and then heated to 165-175 ℃ at the heating rate of 10-20 ℃/min, and then heat preservation is carried out for 10-15 hours. In the embodiment of the invention, in order to fully ensure that the temperature inside the test piece obtained after forging reaches the heating temperature (namely 500-520 ℃), the test piece obtained after forging is preferably heated and then is subjected to heat preservation, the heat preservation coefficient of the heat preservation is preferably 1.0-1.5 min/mm, the heat preservation coefficient specifically refers to that the heat preservation time is determined by taking the thickness direction of the test piece obtained after forging as a reference, namely, if the thickness of the test piece obtained after forging is 1mm, the heat preservation needs to be carried out for 1.0-1.5 min, so that the proper heat preservation time is determined according to the actual thickness of the test piece obtained after forging. The mechanical property of the forging can be improved through heat treatment, so that the forging meets the use requirement.
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Preparing raw materials (the aluminum alloy powder is 6061 aluminum alloy powder) according to the preparation method in the table 1;
ball-milling the prepared raw materials in a roller ball mill to obtain a mixed ball grinding material; wherein the volume ratio of the ball materials is 3:1, the rotating speed is 40r/min, and the ball milling time is 4 h;
filling the mixed ball abrasive into a silica gel sheath, sealing, carrying out cold isostatic pressing under the condition of 150MPa, and maintaining the pressure for 120s to obtain a pressed blank with the relative density of 80%;
carrying out vacuum pressureless sintering on the pressed compact, specifically heating from room temperature to 200 ℃ at a heating rate of 2 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 50 min; then heating to 400 ℃ at the heating rate of 2 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 50 min; and finally, heating to 630 ℃ at the heating rate of 2 ℃/min, and preserving the heat for 240min to obtain the aluminum matrix composite material, wherein the relative density is 98.5%, and the specification size is phi 85 x 400 mm.
Table 1 table of ingredients for the raw materials prepared in example 1
Cutting and processing the aluminum-based composite material into a cylindrical forging blank with the diameter of 85mm and the thickness of 40mm, heating the blank to 520 ℃ (the heat preservation coefficient is 1.5min/mm) from room temperature at the heating rate of 20 ℃/min, transferring the blank to a pre-forging die which is preheated to 100 ℃ (the pre-forging die is preheated by an acetylene gun and is lubricated by spraying carbon ash after being preheated to 100 ℃), and pre-forging to obtain a pre-forging piece; wherein the pressing speed of the pre-forging press is 10mm/s, the pressure is 850T, and the deformation rate is 50%;
heating the pre-forging piece to 450 ℃ (the heat preservation coefficient is 1.3min/mm) at the heating rate of 20 ℃/min, transferring the pre-forging piece to a finish forging die preheated to 450 ℃ (the finish forging die is preheated by an acetylene gun, and sprayed with carbon ash for lubrication after being preheated to 450 ℃), and carrying out final forging and pressing on the obtained test piece to obtain the aluminum-based composite material forged piece; wherein the pressing speed of the pre-forging and pressing is 2mm/s, the pressure is 850T, and the deformation rate is 50-60%; the heat treatment comprises the steps of heating the forged test piece to 510 ℃ at a heating rate of 15 ℃/min (the heat preservation coefficient is 1.3min/mm), cooling the test piece to room temperature by water, heating to 165 ℃ at a heating rate of 15 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 12 hours.
Fig. 2 is a real object diagram of the test piece obtained after the final forging, and as can be seen from fig. 2, the surface of the test piece obtained after the final forging is smooth and has no cracks.
The performance of the aluminum-based composite material forged piece is tested according to the GB/T288.1-2010 standard, and the result shows that the tensile strength of the aluminum-based composite material forged piece is 348MPa, the yield strength is 320MPa, and the elongation is 6.86%.
Example 2
Preparing raw materials (the aluminum alloy powder is 6061 aluminum alloy powder) according to the preparation method in the table 2;
ball-milling the prepared raw materials in a roller ball mill to obtain a mixed ball grinding material; wherein the volume ratio of the ball materials is 4:1, the rotating speed is 40r/min, and the ball milling time is 6 h;
filling the mixed ball abrasive into a silica gel sheath, sealing, carrying out cold isostatic pressing under the condition of 200MPa, and maintaining the pressure for 120s to obtain a pressed blank with the relative density of 75%;
carrying out vacuum pressureless sintering on the pressed compact, specifically heating from room temperature to 200 ℃ at a heating rate of 2 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 50 min; then heating to 500 ℃ at the heating rate of 2 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 50 min; and finally, heating to 630 ℃ at the heating rate of 2 ℃/min, and preserving the heat for 240min to obtain the aluminum matrix composite material, wherein the relative density is 97%, and the specification size is phi 85 x 400 mm.
Table 2 table of ingredients of raw materials prepared in example 2
Cutting and processing the aluminum-based composite material into a cylindrical forging blank with the diameter of 85mm and the thickness of 40mm, heating the blank to 300 ℃ from room temperature at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min (the heat preservation coefficient is 1.5min/mm), transferring the blank to a pre-forging die which is preheated to 80 ℃ (the pre-forging die is preheated by an acetylene gun and is lubricated by spraying carbon ash after being preheated to 80 ℃), and pre-forging to obtain a pre-forging piece; wherein the pressing speed of the pre-forging is 5mm/s, the pressure is 850T, and the deformation rate is 45%;
heating the pre-forging piece to 450 ℃ (the heat preservation coefficient is 1.2min/mm) at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, transferring the pre-forging piece to a final forging die preheated to 480 ℃ (the preheating of the final forging die is realized by heating through an acetylene gun, spraying carbon ash for lubrication after the pre-forging piece is preheated to 480 ℃), and then carrying out heat treatment on the obtained test piece to obtain the aluminum-based composite material forging piece; wherein the final forging pressing speed is 1mm/s, the pressure is 850T, and the deformation rate is 50-60%; the heat treatment comprises the steps of heating the forged test piece to 510 ℃ at a heating rate of 20 ℃/min (the heat preservation coefficient is 1.3min/mm), cooling the test piece to room temperature by water, heating to 165 ℃ at a heating rate of 20 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 12 hours.
The material object diagram of the test piece obtained after the final forging and pressing is similar to that of figure 2, and the test piece has a smooth surface and is free of cracks.
The performance test of the aluminum matrix composite forged piece prepared in this example was carried out in accordance with the method in example 1, and the results showed that the aluminum matrix composite forged piece prepared in this example had a tensile strength of 342MPa, a yield strength of 314MPa, and an elongation of 8.40%.
Example 3
Preparing raw materials (the aluminum alloy powder is 6082 aluminum alloy powder) according to the preparation method in the table 3;
ball-milling the prepared raw materials in a roller ball mill to obtain a mixed ball grinding material; wherein the volume ratio of the ball materials is 2:1, the rotating speed is 30r/min, and the ball milling time is 4 h;
filling the mixed ball abrasive into a silica gel sheath, sealing, carrying out cold isostatic pressing under the condition of 200MPa, and maintaining the pressure for 120s to obtain a pressed blank with the relative density of 85%;
carrying out vacuum pressureless sintering on the pressed compact, specifically heating from room temperature to 200 ℃ at a heating rate of 2 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 50 min; then heating to 400 ℃ at the heating rate of 2 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 50 min; and finally, heating to 630 ℃ at the heating rate of 2 ℃/min, and preserving the heat for 240min to obtain the aluminum matrix composite material, wherein the relative density is 99%, and the specification size is phi 850 multiplied by 400 mm.
Table 3 table of ingredients of raw materials prepared in example 3
Cutting and processing the aluminum-based composite material into a cylindrical forging blank with the diameter of 85mm and the thickness of 40mm, heating the blank to 400 ℃ from room temperature at the heating rate of 15 ℃/min (the heat preservation coefficient is 1.2min/mm), transferring the blank to a pre-forging die preheated to 150 ℃ (the pre-forging die is preheated by an acetylene gun and is lubricated by spraying carbon ash after being preheated to 150 ℃), and pre-forging to obtain a pre-forging piece; wherein the pressing speed of the pre-forging press is 8mm/s, the pressure is 850T, and the deformation rate is 45%;
heating the pre-forging piece to 400 ℃ (the heat preservation coefficient is 1.0min/mm) at a heating rate of 15 ℃/min, transferring the pre-forging piece to a finish forging die preheated to 460 ℃ (the preheating of the finish forging die is realized by heating through an acetylene gun, spraying carbon ash for lubrication after the pre-forging piece is preheated to 460 ℃), and then carrying out heat treatment on the obtained test piece to obtain the aluminum-based composite material forging piece; wherein the pressing speed of the pre-forging and pressing is 1mm/s, the pressure is 850T, and the deformation rate is 50-60%; the heat treatment comprises the steps of heating the forged test piece to 510 ℃ at a heating rate of 20 ℃/min (the heat preservation coefficient is 1.1min/mm), cooling the test piece to room temperature by water, heating to 165 ℃ at a heating rate of 20 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 12 hours.
The material object diagram of the test piece obtained after the final forging and pressing is similar to that of figure 2, and the test piece has a smooth surface and is free of cracks.
The performance test of the aluminum matrix composite forged piece prepared in this example was carried out in accordance with the method in example 1, and the results showed that the aluminum matrix composite forged piece prepared in this example had a tensile strength of 362MPa, a yield strength of 347MPa, and an elongation of 7.20%.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An aluminum-based composite material forged piece is formed by forging and pressing an aluminum-based composite material, wherein the aluminum-based composite material is prepared by sequentially carrying out ball milling, cold isostatic pressing and vacuum pressureless sintering on preparation raw materials comprising aluminum alloy powder, silicon carbide powder and a sintering aid;
the aluminum alloy powder comprises aluminum alloy ultrafine powder, aluminum alloy fine powder and aluminum alloy coarse powder, wherein the D50 of the aluminum alloy ultrafine powder is 1-5 mu m, the D50 of the aluminum alloy fine powder is 8-12 mu m, and the D50 of the aluminum alloy coarse powder is 20-60 mu m; the mass ratio of the aluminum alloy ultrafine powder to the aluminum alloy fine powder to the aluminum alloy coarse powder is (60-80): (7-15): (7-15);
the D50 of the silicon carbide powder is 0.4-20 mu m, and the addition amount is 5-15% of the mass of the aluminum alloy powder;
the addition amount of the sintering aid is 0.05-0.2% of the mass of the aluminum alloy powder.
2. The aluminum-based composite material forged part as claimed in claim 1, wherein said silicon carbide powder comprises silicon carbide ultra-fine powder, silicon carbide fine powder and silicon carbide coarse powder, said silicon carbide ultra-fine powder having D50<6 μm, said silicon carbide fine powder having D50 of 6 to 12 μm, and said silicon carbide coarse powder having D50>12 μm.
3. The aluminum-based composite material forged part according to claim 2, wherein the silicon carbide ultrafine powder is contained in an amount of 0 to 50% by mass, the silicon carbide fine powder is contained in an amount of 50 to 100% by mass, and the silicon carbide coarse powder is contained in an amount of 0 to 20% by mass, based on 100% by mass of the silicon carbide powder.
4. The aluminum-based composite material wrought product according to claim 1, wherein the sintering aid comprises one or two of Zn powder, SnCu alloy powder and AlZn alloy powder.
5. An aluminium matrix composite wrought product according to claim 1, characterized in that the relative density of the aluminium matrix composite is 97-99%.
6. A method for producing a wrought aluminium-based composite material according to any of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
and forging and pressing the aluminum-based composite material to obtain the forged and pressed piece of the aluminum-based composite material.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the forging comprises a pre-forging and a final forging performed sequentially.
8. The method of making as set forth in claim 7, wherein the pre-forging comprises: heating the aluminum-based composite material to 300-550 ℃ at a heating rate of 10-20 ℃/min, and transferring the aluminum-based composite material to a pre-forging die preheated to 30-150 ℃ for pre-forging, so as to obtain a pre-forged piece; the pre-forging and pressing speed is 5-15 mm/s, the pressure is 800-900T, and the deformation rate is 45-60%.
9. The method of manufacturing according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the final forging comprises: heating the pre-forging piece obtained after pre-forging to 300-480 ℃ at the heating rate of 10-20 ℃/min, transferring the pre-forging piece to a final forging die preheated to 400-480 ℃ for final forging, and obtaining an aluminum-based composite material forging piece; the final forging and pressing speed is 0.5-3 mm/s, the pressure is 800-900T, and the deformation rate is 50-60%.
10. The method of claim 6, further comprising a heat treatment after the forging, the heat treatment comprising: and heating the forged test piece to 500-520 ℃ at a heating rate of 10-20 ℃/min, cooling the test piece to room temperature by water, heating to 165-175 ℃ at a heating rate of 10-20 ℃/min, and carrying out heat preservation for 10-15 h.
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| CN115637354A (en) * | 2022-09-16 | 2023-01-24 | 湖南省大禹科技发展有限公司 | Forming method and forming equipment for rare earth aluminum carbon silicon brake disc |
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