CN117161381B - Near-net forming preparation method of aluminum-based composite ball head and bowl hardware fitting - Google Patents
Near-net forming preparation method of aluminum-based composite ball head and bowl hardware fitting Download PDFInfo
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- CN117161381B CN117161381B CN202311443561.4A CN202311443561A CN117161381B CN 117161381 B CN117161381 B CN 117161381B CN 202311443561 A CN202311443561 A CN 202311443561A CN 117161381 B CN117161381 B CN 117161381B
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009694 cold isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001272 pressureless sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001250 2024 aluminium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a near-net forming preparation method of an aluminum-based composite material ball head and bowl hardware fitting. The method comprises the following steps: 1. sphericizing SiC particles; 2. preparing aluminum alloy powder and SiC particle composite powder; 3. preparing a composite material blank; 4. performing pressure die forging near-net forming to prepare a ball head and bowl hardware rough product; 5. heat treatment and machining treatment. The ball head and the bowl head prepared by the preparation method have the advantages of high hardness, good wear resistance, low density and light weight.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of aluminum-based composite material molding, in particular to a near-net molding preparation method of an aluminum-based composite material ball head and a bowl head fitting.
Background
The ball head and bowl head connecting fitting can be connected with and combined with various devices in an electric power system, and can be widely applied to the field of power transmission and transformation.
The bulb and bowl head connecting fitting are widely applied to long-distance transmission towers. Because the long-distance power transmission tower is often erected higher, the wires are suspended in the high air and bear larger lateral wind, the wires can shake laterally to a larger extent, and although the wires are often additionally provided with the shockproof hammer for reducing the lateral shake of the wires, the wires cannot be completely avoided, so that the connecting hardware fittings are worn along with the shake of the wires, and hidden danger is caused to the safety of the power transmission line. The existing connecting fitting is poor in wear resistance and high in loss, often becomes a weak point in a power transmission line, and needs high-frequency inspection and replacement in order to ensure the safety of the power transmission line, so that the workload is huge; meanwhile, the ball head and the bowl head hardware fitting are mainly made of steel, are large in weight, increase the burden of a power transmission line, and relate to forging, machining and other processes, and are complex in machining process and relatively low in manufacturing efficiency.
Therefore, there is a need to design a new material to solve the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to disclose a near-net forming preparation method of an aluminum-based composite ball head and a bowl head fitting.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention provides a near-net forming preparation method of an aluminum-based composite material ball head and a bowl head fitting, which comprises the following steps:
step one: sphericizing SiC particles;
ball milling is carried out on the SiC particles to obtain spherical SiC particles;
preferably, the diameter of the SiC particles is 1-10 mm;
preferably, the ball milling treatment is carried out in a ball milling tank at a rotating speed of 200-350 r/min, the mass ratio of grinding balls to SiC particles is 10:1-15:1, the ball milling time is 20-50 h, and spherical SiC particles are finally obtained;
preferably, the grinding ball is any one of zirconia, alumina, silicon carbide and silicon nitride, and the diameter of the grinding ball is 1.5-5 mm;
step two: preparing composite powder;
adding the aluminum alloy powder and the spherical SiC particles obtained in the step one into a ball mill for ball milling, wherein the spherical SiC particles account for 10% -20% of the total mass of the spherical SiC particles and the aluminum alloy powder;
preferably, the aluminum alloy powder adopts 2xxx series or 7xxx series aluminum alloy powder, and the diameter is 1-10 mm;
preferably, a planetary ball mill is adopted in the ball mill, stainless steel balls with the diameter of 3mm are adopted in the ball mill, the ball material mass ratio is 10:1-15:1, the rotation speed of the ball mill is 200-300 r/min, and the ball milling time is 1-3 h;
step three: preparing a composite material blank;
filling the mixed powder obtained in the second step into a cylindrical cold isostatic pressing rubber mold, then using a cold isostatic pressing machine to press to obtain a cylindrical compact uniform cold pressing blank, then placing the blank into a pressureless sintering furnace, sintering under vacuum to enable aluminum alloy aggregate and SiC particles to be fully combined, and taking out a billet after cooling along with the furnace;
preferably, the cold isostatic press is used for applying pressure of more than 200MPa for 10-20 minutes;
preferably, the sintering temperature is 500-550 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3-5 hours;
step four: performing pressure die forging near-net forming to prepare a ball head and bowl hardware rough product;
preheating the billet obtained in the third step and a T-shaped forging die, placing the preheated billet on the T-shaped forging die, forging for the first time by using a forging press to obtain a T-shaped thick blank, and then placing the T-shaped thick blank into a preheated ball head or bowl head die for the second time to forge to obtain a ball head or bowl head crude product;
preferably, the billet is preheated to 350-450 ℃, the T-shaped forging die is preheated to 300-350 ℃, and the ball head or bowl head die is preheated to 300-350 ℃;
step five: heat treatment and machining;
and (3) carrying out T6 heat treatment on the crude product after forging and forming in the step four, and finally, removing burrs through machining and polishing to be smooth to obtain a finished product.
Preferably, in the T6 heat treatment, the solid solution temperature is 450-500 ℃, the solid solution time is 2-4 h, the aging temperature is 140-160 ℃, and the aging time is 10-12 h.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages:
1. in the preparation process of the aluminum-based composite material ball head and bowl head, siC ceramic particles are added as a reinforcing phase, so that the aluminum-based composite material ball head and bowl head has the advantages of high mechanical strength, high hardness, wear resistance, low density and the like, and is excellent in comprehensive performance and low in cost.
2. The raw materials used in the invention are conventional aluminum alloy powder and SiC particles, so that the aluminum-based material has the advantages of low cost, low density, corrosion resistance, improved hardness and wear resistance, and high mechanical property.
3. The preparation method is simple, has a near-net forming process, does not need complex machining procedures, and is suitable for mass production.
4. The mechanical properties of the ball head and the bowl of the aluminum-based composite material prepared by the invention can be accurately regulated and controlled by adjusting the proportion of the reinforcing phase through the second step. The specific performance ranges of the ball head and the bowl manufactured by the manufacturing method are as follows: the tensile strength is 300-400 MPa, the elongation is 5-10%, the Brinell hardness is 150-200 HBW, and the performance is excellent.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a product state diagram of steps three to five in a near net shape forming preparation method of an aluminum-based composite ball head and bowl hardware fitting.
Wherein: 1. a billet; 2. t-shaped thick blank; 3. ball head; 4. bowl head.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to examples to enable those skilled in the art to practice the same by referring to the description.
Example 1
The near-net forming preparation method of the aluminum-based composite material ball head and the bowl hardware fitting of the embodiment, referring to fig. 1, comprises the following steps:
the first step: sphericizing SiC particles;
and (3) sphericizing the irregular blocky SiC particles. And (3) placing initial irregular SiC particles with average particle size of 5mm into a ball milling tank for controllable low-energy ball milling treatment, setting the rotating speed to 250 revolutions per minute, and obtaining spherical SiC particles, wherein the ball-to-material ratio is 10:1, and the ball milling time is 25 hours. The sphericizing treatment can improve the dispersion uniformity of SiC particles in aluminum alloy particles, reduce stress concentration and prevent microcrack generation. The SiC particles are used as a reinforcing phase, and the composite material has the advantages of high mechanical strength, high hardness, wear resistance, low density and the like, and has excellent comprehensive performance and lower cost.
And a second step of: preparing composite powder;
mixing spherical SiC particles prepared in the first step with 2024 aluminum alloy powder with an average particle size of 5mm, adding the mixture into a planetary ball mill, wherein the SiC particles account for 10% of the powder by mass, and the ball-to-material ratio is 10:1, adopting stainless steel balls with the diameter of 3mm, rotating at 200rpm, and ball milling for 1.5 hours.
And a third step of: preparing a composite material blank;
filling the composite powder obtained in the second step into a cylindrical cold isostatic pressing rubber mold, applying pressure of 250MPa by using a cold isostatic pressing machine for 10 minutes, then placing the cold pressing blank into a pressureless sintering furnace, sintering under vacuum at the sintering temperature of 500 ℃ for 3 hours, and taking out the blank ingot 1 after cooling along with the furnace. The pressure medium is filled in the pressure chamber of the cold isostatic press, and the rubber mold can be uniformly stressed from all directions after being put in.
Fourth step: performing pressure die forging near-net forming to prepare a ball head and bowl hardware rough product;
the blank 1 prepared in the third step is subjected to pressure die forging, the blank 1 and a T-shaped forging die are preheated, the preheated blank is placed on the T-shaped forging die, the blank 1 is heated to 400 ℃, the T-shaped forging die is preheated to 300 ℃, the T-shaped forging die is placed into the T-shaped forging die for first-time forging, a T-shaped thick blank 2 is obtained, the ball head or bowl head die is preheated to 300 ℃, and then the ball head or bowl head die is placed into the ball head or bowl head die for second-time forging, so that a ball head 3 or bowl head 4 rough product is obtained. The near net shape forming process die is customized according to the size of the final product, the obtained crude product is equivalent to the size of the final product, and the machining allowance is small.
Fifth step: heat treatment and machining;
t6 heat treatment is carried out on the forged and formed crude product, the solid solution temperature is 470 ℃, the solid solution time is 2h, the aging temperature is 140 ℃, and the aging time is 12h. Finally, the burrs are removed by machining and the product is obtained by simple polishing.
The ball head and bowl head hardware fitting prepared by the preparation method of the embodiment has the advantages of 351MPa of material strength, 9.1% of elongation, 155HBW of Brinell hardness and 0.023g of abrasion loss. The typical model QP-0750 of the bulb fitting and the typical model WS-0770 of the bowl fitting prepared by the embodiment meet the requirements of GB/T2317.1 electric power fitting test method part 1: mechanical test, nominal breaking load requirement specified in: all reach 84kN tensile force condition, no damage and permanent deformation occur. In this example, 6 experiments were performed to verify the uniformity and stability of this example. The results of the sample tests are shown in Table 1.
Example 2
The near-net forming preparation method of the aluminum-based composite material ball head and the bowl hardware fitting of the embodiment, referring to fig. 1, comprises the following steps:
the first step: sphericizing SiC particles;
and carrying out forming treatment on the irregular blocky SiC particles. And (3) placing initial irregular SiC particles with average particle size of 5mm into a ball milling tank for controllable low-energy ball milling treatment, setting the rotating speed to 300 revolutions per minute, and obtaining the nearly spherical SiC particles, wherein the ball-to-material ratio is 15:1, and the ball milling time is 35 h.
And a second step of: preparing composite powder;
mixing spherical SiC particles prepared in the first step with superfine 7050 aluminum alloy powder, and adding the mixture into a planetary ball mill, wherein the SiC particles account for 15% of the powder in mass fraction, and the ball-to-material ratio is 15:1, adopting stainless steel balls with the diameter of 3mm, rotating at 300rpm, and ball milling for 2 hours.
And a third step of: preparing a composite material blank;
filling the composite powder obtained in the second step into a cylindrical cold isostatic pressing rubber mold, applying pressure of 250MPa by using a cold isostatic pressing machine for 20 minutes, then placing the cold pressing blank into a pressureless sintering furnace, sintering under vacuum at 550 ℃ for 3 hours, and taking out the blank ingot 1 after cooling along with the furnace.
Fourth step: performing pressure die forging near-net forming to prepare a ball head and bowl hardware rough product;
and (3) performing pressure die forging on the billet 1 prepared in the third step, preheating the billet and a T-shaped forging die, heating the billet to 400 ℃, preheating the T-shaped forging die to 350 ℃, putting the billet into the T-shaped forging die for first-time forging to obtain a T-shaped thick billet 2, preheating a ball head or bowl head die to 350 ℃, and putting the ball head or bowl head die for second-time forging to obtain a ball head 3 or bowl head 4 rough product.
Fifth step: heat treatment and machining;
t6 heat treatment is carried out on the forged and formed crude product, the solid solution temperature is 450 ℃, the solid solution time is 3h, the aging temperature is 160 ℃, and the aging time is 10h. Finally, the burrs are removed by machining and the polishing is simple.
The ball head and bowl head hardware fitting prepared by the preparation method of the embodiment has the material strength of 372MPa, the elongation of 7.2%, the Brinell hardness of 175HBW and the abrasion loss of 0.017g. The typical model QP-1050 of the ball head fitting and the typical model WS-1085 of the bowl head fitting prepared by the implementation meet the requirements of GB/T2317.1 electric power fitting test method part 1: mechanical test, nominal breaking load requirement specified in: all reach 120kN tensile force, and the damage and permanent deformation do not occur. In this example, 6 experiments were performed to verify the uniformity and stability of this example. The results of the sample tests are shown in Table 2.
The existing ball head and bowl head are mainly made of steel materials (Q235) and are replaced by aluminum-based composite materials, so that the aim of light weight can be achieved, meanwhile, the strength is guaranteed to be equivalent, and the aluminum-based composite materials are firstly put forward in the hardware design research and development range. Meanwhile, in the traditional production process, complex processes such as forging, machining and the like are needed, waste is large, and the method does not accord with a resource-saving development route. The contact wear of the ball head and the bowl head in the service process is a main factor influencing the service reliability, and the wear resistance of the aluminum-based composite material added with SiC particles can be greatly improved by more than 20 percent compared with the Q235 wear resistance.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the modes of use listed in the specification and embodiments. It can be applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. Additional modifications will readily occur to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the specific details and illustrations shown and described herein, without departing from the general concepts defined in the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. The near-net forming preparation method of the aluminum-based composite material ball head and the bowl head fitting is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one: sphericizing SiC particles;
ball milling is carried out on the SiC particles to obtain spherical SiC particles;
step two: preparing composite powder;
adding the aluminum alloy powder and the spherical SiC particles obtained in the step one into a ball mill for ball milling, wherein the spherical SiC particles account for 10% -20% of the total mass of the spherical SiC particles and the aluminum alloy powder;
step three: preparing a composite material blank;
filling the mixed powder obtained in the second step into a cylindrical cold isostatic pressing rubber mold, then using a cold isostatic pressing machine to press to obtain a cylindrical compact uniform cold pressing blank, then placing the blank into a pressureless sintering furnace, sintering under vacuum to enable an aluminum alloy matrix and SiC particles to be fully combined, and taking out a billet after cooling along with the furnace;
step four: performing pressure die forging near-net forming to prepare a ball head and bowl hardware rough product;
preheating the billet obtained in the third step and a T-shaped forging die, placing the preheated billet on the T-shaped forging die, forging for the first time by using a forging press to obtain a T-shaped thick blank, and then placing the T-shaped thick blank into a preheated ball head or bowl head die for the second time to forge to obtain a ball head or bowl head crude product;
step five: heat treatment and machining treatment;
performing T6 heat treatment on the crude product after forging and forming in the step four, and finally removing burrs through machining and polishing to be smooth to obtain a finished product;
the ball milling treatment is carried out in a ball milling tank, the rotating speed of the ball milling tank is 200-350 r/min, the mass ratio of grinding balls to SiC particles is 10:1-15:1, the ball milling time is 20-50 h, and finally spherical SiC particles are obtained;
the aluminum alloy powder in the second step adopts 2xxx series or 7xxx series aluminum alloy powder, and the diameter is 1-10 mm;
in the third step, the sintering temperature is 500-550 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3-5 h;
and fifthly, in the T6 heat treatment, the solid solution temperature is 450-500 ℃, the solid solution time is 2-4 h, the aging temperature is 140-160 ℃, and the aging time is 10-12 h.
2. The near-net-shape manufacturing method of the aluminum-based composite material ball head and the bowl head fitting, which is characterized in that the diameter of the SiC particles in the first step is 1-10 mm.
3. The near-net-shape manufacturing method of the aluminum-based composite material ball head and the bowl head fitting, which is characterized in that in the first step, the grinding ball is any one of zirconia, alumina, silicon carbide and silicon nitride, and the diameter of the grinding ball is 1.5-5 mm.
4. The near-net forming preparation method of the aluminum matrix composite ball head and bowl head fitting is characterized in that in the second step, a planetary ball mill is adopted, stainless steel balls with the diameter of 3mm are adopted in the ball mill, the ball material mass ratio is 10:1-15:1, the rotation speed of the ball mill is 200-300 r/min, and the ball milling time is 1-3 h.
5. The near-net-shape manufacturing method of the aluminum-based composite material ball head and the bowl head fitting, which is characterized in that in the third step, a cold isostatic press is used for applying pressure of more than 200MPa, and the pressing time is 10-20 minutes.
6. The near net shape forming method of aluminum matrix composite material ball and bowl head fitting according to claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the billet is preheated to 350-450 ℃, the T-shaped forging die is preheated to 300-350 ℃, and the ball or bowl head die is preheated to 300-350 ℃.
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| CN202311443561.4A CN117161381B (en) | 2023-11-02 | 2023-11-02 | Near-net forming preparation method of aluminum-based composite ball head and bowl hardware fitting |
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| CN202311443561.4A CN117161381B (en) | 2023-11-02 | 2023-11-02 | Near-net forming preparation method of aluminum-based composite ball head and bowl hardware fitting |
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| CN100478474C (en) * | 2002-07-31 | 2009-04-15 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | Particle reinforced aluminium-based composite material and workpiece therefrom and its forming process |
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| JP2001038442A (en) * | 1999-07-26 | 2001-02-13 | Yamaha Motor Co Ltd | Manufacture of aluminum alloy billet for forging |
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| CN117161381A (en) | 2023-12-05 |
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