CN111218440B

CN111218440B - Compound fermentation inoculant for livestock and poultry as well as preparation method and application thereof

Info

Publication number: CN111218440B
Application number: CN201911203375.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王春雨; 于继英; 刘世杰; 蔡辉益; 邓雪娟; 任婉丽; 陈达
Original assignee: Boyide Beijing Biotechnology Co ltd
Current assignee: Boyide Beijing Biotechnology Co ltd
Priority date: 2019-11-29
Filing date: 2019-11-29
Publication date: 2022-06-24
Anticipated expiration: 2039-11-29
Also published as: CN111218440A

Abstract

The invention discloses a compound fermentation inoculant for livestock and poultry and application thereof, wherein the compound fermentation inoculant consists of a microbial mixture and a carrier, and the ratio of the microbial mixture to the carrier is (2-4): mixing the materials in a ratio of 6-8, and drying at low temperature to obtain the finished product; the invention also discloses a fermented feed which is obtained by fermenting the composite fermentation microbial inoculum, is a livestock and poultry general fermented feed and has good health improvement effect and production performance improvement effect in feeding application.

Description

Compound fermentation inoculant for livestock and poultry as well as preparation method and application thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of biological fermentation, and particularly relates to a compound fermentation inoculant for livestock and poultry, and a preparation method and application thereof.

Background

The development of biological feed technology is the foundation and guarantee of industrial development. Since the country was built, the development of biological feeds generally goes through three stages, the first stage is the saccharification of feeds in the 50 th century, and the technical line problem fails; the second stage is that cotton, rapeseed dregs detoxify and yeast ferment feed in the late 80 s and early 90 s of the last century, but the feed fails due to the reasons of process, detection technology, market stir-frying and the like; the third stage is the rise of fermented feed, biological protein, fermented soybean meal and the like in the beginning of this century, but the stir-frying concept is more than the product value, and extensive technical processes cannot be proved or knocked out. At present, the fourth stage of the development of the biological feed industry is needed, the breakthrough progress of the microbial technology, the technical integration and fusion of multiple disciplines such as animal nutrition, feeding management, fermentation process and equipment and the like, the cross-border fusion and the cooperative research among scientists open the gold period of the biological feed development.

In the prior art, CN103518980A discloses a preparation method and application of a microecological preparation for feeding laying hens, wherein the microecological preparation mainly comprises lactobacillus plantarum and bacillus subtilis, but the feed-egg ratio of the laying hens is not reduced, the preparation method of the composite microecological preparation is complex and tedious, the microecological preparation is prepared by mixing the microecological preparation with an aqueous solution containing components such as pectin and the like after bacteria increasing culture in a fermentation tank and then preparing microencapsulated live bacteria powder by a spray drying technology, and then uniformly mixing the bacteria powder with selenocarrageenan, zinc methionine and auxiliary materials. CN201510206873.2 discloses a biological fermentation feed for broilers and a preparation method thereof, which takes geotrichum candidum, bacillus megaterium, bacillus natto and trichoderma reesei as fermentation strains, and ferments mixture of bran, soybean meal, sweet potato residue, fruit residue and Chinese herbal medicines (wild chrysanthemum, pine needle, rhubarb, scutellaria and honeysuckle), so that the anti-stress capability and disease resistance of the broilers can be improved, and the cholesterol level in blood of the broilers can be reduced. However, the use of geotrichum candidum and trichoderma reesei in the patent results in complex fermentation process, long fermentation period and no convenience for industrial production; the fermentation substrate uses Chinese herbal medicines, so that the fermentation cost is increased, and biological active substances in the Chinese herbal medicines are not detected.

Therefore, in order to solve the problems of feed shortage, antibiotics prohibition and environmental protection pressure, the composite fermentation inoculant for livestock and poultry is specially provided, the improvement of the production performance of the livestock and poultry is very important, and the composite fermentation inoculant has great market value and application prospect.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a livestock and poultry general composite fermentation inoculant which is a livestock and poultry general fermentation inoculant and can improve the health condition of livestock and poultry and improve the production performance.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

a composite fermentation microbial inoculum for livestock and poultry is prepared by mixing a microbial mixture and a carrier according to a mass ratio of 2-4: 6-8 and drying at a low temperature.

The microorganism mixture comprises bacillus pumilus, enterococcus faecalis, lactobacillus plantarum and monascus.

The carrier can be rice hull powder, stone powder, corncob powder, starch and the like.

The formula of the microorganism mixture comprises the following components in CFU (CFU): enterococcus faecalis: lactobacillus plantarum: the proportion of monascus is 7-12: 1: 7-12: 1 to 4.

The formula of the microorganism mixture comprises the following components in CFU (CFU): enterococcus faecalis: lactobacillus plantarum: the ratio of monascus is 10: 1: 10: 3.

the number of viable bacteria of the bacillus pumilus in the composite fermentation inoculant is more than or equal to 2.0 multiplied by 10⁹CFU/g, viable count of enterococcus faecalis more than or equal to 3.0 × 10⁸CFU/g, the viable count of lactobacillus plantarum is more than or equal to 2.0 multiplied by 10¹⁰CFU/g, the number of monascus viable bacteria is more than or equal to 5.0 multiplied by 10⁸CFU/g. The preparation method of the compound fermentation inoculant comprises the following steps: respectively carrying out fermentation culture on bacillus pumilus, enterococcus faecalis, lactobacillus plantarum and monascus, ending fermentation at the late logarithmic phase, centrifuging fermentation liquor, collecting wet thalli, resuspending the thalli by using normal saline or phosphate buffer solution with pH of 6.8, and proportioning the bacillus pumilus, the enterococcus faecalis, the lactobacillus plantarum and the monascus according to colony forming unit of 7-12: 1: 7-12: 1-4 to obtain a microbial mixture, mixing the microbial mixture with a carrier according to the mass ratio of 2-4: 6-8, and drying at low temperature to obtain the compound fermentation inoculant.

The low-temperature drying comprises the following steps: drying at 40-50 ℃ until the water content is less than 15%. The invention also provides application of the compound fermentation inoculant in preparation of livestock and poultry feed.

The invention also provides a fermented feed which is obtained by fermenting the following raw materials with the composite fermentation inoculant: 6 to 13 percent of corn, 4 to 8 percent of soybean meal, 4 to 12 percent of monosodium glutamate protein, 5 to 10 percent of gunite corn husk, 10 to 20 percent of corn germ meal, 2 to 5 percent of bran, 5 to 15 percent of rice hull powder, 1 to 3 percent of molasses, 0 to 12 percent of stone powder and 15 to 25 percent of clean water; wherein the addition amount of the composite fermentation inoculant is 0.1-0.3 percent of the total amount of the raw materials; controlling the water content to be 26-37% during inoculation fermentation, and fermenting for 3-7 d at room temperature.

The preparation method of the fermented feed comprises the following steps:

(1) weighing other raw materials except the molasses and the clean water according to a raw material formula, crushing the raw materials, sieving the raw materials by using a sieve with the aperture of 1.5-2.5mm, and premixing for 2-5 min to obtain raw material powder for later use;

(2) weighing a composite fermentation inoculant according to 0.1-0.3% of the total amount of the raw materials, dissolving the composite fermentation inoculant in clean water according to the weight ratio of 1:50, and activating for 12-24 hours at 35-37 ℃ to serve as seed liquid for later use;

(3) weighing molasses and clean water according to a raw material formula, mixing the molasses, the clean water and the seed liquid obtained in the step (2), and stirring for 0.5-2 min to serve as a bacterial liquid for later use;

(4) and (2) spraying the bacterial liquid obtained in the step (3) into the raw material powder obtained in the step (1), stirring for 2-5 min, controlling the water content to be 26% -37%, and fermenting at room temperature for 3-7 days to obtain the livestock and poultry general fermented feed.

The invention also provides application of the fermented feed in improving the production performance of livestock and poultry.

Has the advantages that:

1. the universal composite fermentation inoculant for livestock and poultry provided by the invention is used for scientifically breeding strains, optimizing the formula and the addition amount of a carrier, and can be used for livestock and poultry breeding, improving the health condition of livestock and poultry and improving the production performance.

2. The total acid content of the fermented feed obtained by fermenting the composite fermentation inoculant is more than or equal to 20g/kg, the lactic acid content is more than or equal to 10g/kg, compared with the fermented feed, the acid soluble protein is improved by 10-20%, and the fermented feed is balanced in nutrition, stable and efficient.

3. In the application of the fermented feed obtained by fermenting the composite fermentation inoculant disclosed by the invention, after the fermented feed is used for feeding laying hens, the laying rate and the egg quality can be obviously improved, the yolk color is deepened, the laying rate is improved by 3.54%, the feed-egg ratio is reduced by 11.79%, the daily average feed consumption is reduced by 8.62%, and the yolk is obviously enlarged; after the broiler is fed, the daily gain is increased by 3.24%, the daily average consumption is reduced by 6.15%, the feed-meat ratio is reduced by 9.10%, and the death and culling rate is reduced by 12.74%; after the pig is fed to fattening pigs, the average daily feed intake is improved by 130 g/day, the daily gain is improved by 87 g/day, the number of cough pigs is reduced by 72.7%, the number of gasp pigs is reduced by 60%, and good health improvement effect and production performance improvement effect are shown.

4. The composite fermentation inoculant for livestock and poultry can expand feed resources, improve the immune function of livestock and poultry, regulate intestinal tracts of livestock and poultry, improve the utilization rate of feed, reduce environmental pollution and gradually replace antibiotics for use.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention is further defined below with reference to specific embodiments, but the scope of protection is not limited to the description.

The strains used in the following examples were: the bacillus pumilus BFEC180101 is preserved in the China general microbiological culture Collection center in 2018, 7 and 5 months, and the preservation number is CGMCC No. 16061.

Enterococcus faecalis BFEC180201 is preserved in China general microbiological culture Collection center (CGMCC) at 2018, 7 and 5, with the preservation number of CGMCC No. 16062.

Lactobacillus plantarum BFC1602 is deposited in China general microbiological culture Collection center (CGMCC) at 2016, 10 and 21, with the preservation number of CGMCC No. 13132.

The monascus BFC170401 is preserved in China general microbiological culture Collection center in 2017, 12 months and 26 months with the preservation number of CGMCC No. 15088.

Example 1 preparation of Complex fermentation inoculum

Formula 1: respectively fermenting bacillus pumilus BFEC180101, enterococcus faecalis BFEC180201, lactobacillus plantarum BFC1602 and monascus BFC170401, finishing fermentation at the later logarithmic phase, centrifuging the fermentation liquor to collect wet thalli, re-suspending the thalli with normal saline, mixing the bacillus pumilus BFEC180101, the enterococcus faecalis BFEC180201, the lactobacillus plantarum BFC1602 and the monascus BFC170401 according to the colony forming unit proportion (bacillus pumilus BFEC 180101: enterococcus faecalis BFEC 180201: lactobacillus plantarum BFC 1602: monascus BFC170401 ═ 10: 1: 10: 3) to obtain a microorganism mixture, mixing the microorganism mixture with rice hull powder according to the mass proportion (the microorganism mixture: rice hull powder ═ 3:7), and drying at the low temperature of 50 ℃ until the water content is less than 15% to obtain the compound fermentation microbial inoculum.

And (2) formula: respectively fermenting bacillus pumilus BFEC180101, enterococcus faecalis BFEC180201, lactobacillus plantarum BFC1602 and monascus BFC170401, finishing fermentation at the later logarithmic phase, centrifuging the fermentation liquor to collect wet thalli, re-suspending the thalli with normal saline, mixing the bacillus pumilus BFEC180101, the enterococcus faecalis BFEC180201, the lactobacillus plantarum BFC1602 and the monascus BFC170401 according to the colony forming unit proportion (bacillus pumilus BFEC 180101: enterococcus faecalis BFEC 180201: lactobacillus plantarum BFC 1602: monascus BFC170401 ═ 7: 1: 12: 1) to obtain a microorganism mixture, mixing the microorganism mixture with rice hull powder according to the mass proportion (the microorganism mixture: rice hull powder ═ 2:6), and drying at the low temperature of 50 ℃ until the water content is less than 15% to obtain the composite fermentation microbial inoculum.

And (3) formula: respectively fermenting bacillus pumilus BFEC180101, enterococcus faecalis BFEC180201, lactobacillus plantarum BFC1602 and monascus BFC170401, finishing fermentation at the later logarithmic phase, centrifuging the fermentation liquor to collect wet thalli, re-suspending the thalli with normal saline, mixing the bacillus pumilus BFEC180101, the enterococcus faecalis BFEC180201, the lactobacillus plantarum BFC1602 and the monascus BFC170401 according to the colony forming unit proportion (bacillus pumilus BFEC 180101: enterococcus faecalis BFEC 180201: lactobacillus plantarum BFC 1602: monascus BFC170401 ═ 12: 1: 7: 4) to obtain a microorganism mixture, mixing the microorganism mixture with rice hull powder according to the mass proportion (the microorganism mixture: rice hull powder ═ 4:8), and drying at the low temperature of 50 ℃ until the water content is less than 15% to obtain the composite fermentation microbial inoculum. The compound fermentation inoculum obtained by the three formulas has similar effect.

Comparative example 1

Mixing bacillus pumilus BFEC180101, enterococcus faecalis BFEC180201 and lactobacillus plantarum BFC1602 according to a colony forming unit ratio (bacillus pumilus BFEC 180101: enterococcus faecalis BFEC 180201: lactobacillus plantarum BFC1602 ═ 10: 1: 10) to obtain a microorganism mixture, mixing the microorganism mixture with rice hull powder according to a mass ratio (the microorganism mixture: a carrier ═ 3:7), and drying at low temperature to obtain the composite fermentation inoculant.

Comparative example 2

And (3) mixing monascus BFC170401 with rice hull powder according to the mass ratio (the microbial mixture: the carrier: 3:7), and drying at low temperature to obtain the fermentation inoculum.

Comparative example 3

Mixing bacillus pumilus BFEC180101, enterococcus faecalis BFEC180201 and monascus BFC170401 according to a colony forming unit ratio (bacillus pumilus BFEC 180101: enterococcus faecalis BFEC 180201: monascus BFC170401 ═ 10: 1: 3) to obtain a microorganism mixture, mixing the microorganism mixture with rice hull powder according to a mass ratio (the microorganism mixture: a carrier ═ 3:7), and drying at low temperature to obtain the composite fermentation microbial inoculum.

Comparative example 4

Mixing lactobacillus plantarum BFC1602 and rice hull powder according to a mass ratio (a microorganism mixture: a carrier: 3:7), and drying at low temperature to obtain the fermentation inoculum.

Example 2 preparation of fermented feed

The compound fermentation inoculant formulas 1 to 3 prepared in the embodiment 1 are respectively used for preparing fermented feed according to the following steps:

(1) preparing raw materials according to the following formula by weight:

raw material combination 1: 13% of corn, 8% of soybean meal, 10% of monosodium glutamate protein, 6% of gunite corn husk, 12% of corn germ meal, 5% of bran, 12% of rice hull powder, 2% of molasses, 7% of stone powder and 25% of clean water;

raw material combination 2: 6% of corn, 4% of soybean meal, 12% of monosodium glutamate protein, 5% of gunite corn husk, 20% of corn germ meal, 2% of bran, 15% of rice hull powder, 3% of molasses, 12% of stone powder and 21% of clean water;

raw material combination 3: 10% of corn, 7% of soybean meal, 11% of monosodium glutamate protein, 7% of gunite corn bran, 10% of corn germ meal, 5% of bran, 12% of rice hull powder, 1% of molasses, 12% of stone powder and 25% of clean water;

tests show that the fermented feed prepared by the raw material combination has similar effects, and only one of the fermented feed is selected from the following examples, namely the fermented feed is fermented according to the raw material combination 1 if not particularly specified.

(2) Pulverizing the raw materials except molasses and clean water, sieving with 1.5-2.5mm sieve, and premixing for 5min to obtain raw material powder;

(3) weighing the composite fermentation inoculant in the embodiment 1 according to 0.15% of the total amount of the raw materials, dissolving the composite fermentation inoculant in clean water according to the weight ratio of 1:50, and activating for 12 hours at the temperature of 35-37 ℃ to serve as seed liquid for later use;

(4) mixing molasses and clean water with the seed solution, and stirring for 2min to obtain bacterial solution;

(5) spraying the bacterial liquid into the raw material powder, stirring for 5min, controlling the water content to be 26-37%, and fermenting for 5 days at room temperature to obtain the livestock and poultry general fermented feed.

Fermented feeds prepared by the complex fermentation agents obtained in formulations 1 to 3 of example 1 were referred to as experimental groups 1 to 3, respectively, in the following assay.

Comparative example 5

The compound fermentation inoculum obtained in comparative example 1 is weighed according to 0.15% of the total amount of the raw materials in the fermented feed preparation step (3), and the rest steps and raw materials are the same as those in the embodiment 2.

Comparative example 6

The fermented feed preparation step (3) is to weigh the fermentation inoculum obtained in the comparative example 2 according to 0.15% of the total amount of the raw materials, and the rest steps and raw materials are the same as those in the embodiment 2.

Comparative example 7

The fermented feed preparation step (3) is to weigh the fermentation inoculum obtained in comparative example 3 in an amount of 0.15% of the total amount of the raw materials, and the rest steps and raw materials are the same as those in embodiment 2.

Comparative example 8

The fermented feed preparation step (3) is to weigh the fermentation inoculum obtained in comparative example 4 in an amount of 0.15% of the total amount of the raw materials, and the rest steps and raw materials are the same as those in embodiment 2.

The measured change of nutrients before and after fermentation of the fermented feed is shown in table 1. Therefore, the total acid content of the fermented feed obtained by fermenting the composite fermentation inoculant is more than or equal to 20g/kg, the lactic acid content is more than or equal to 10g/kg, and compared with the fermented feed, the acid soluble protein is improved by 10-20%, and the fermented feed is balanced in nutrition, stable and efficient.

TABLE 1 nutrient profile

Example 3 application of fermented feed in egg-laying hens

Selecting 1 ten thousand healthy egg-laying period No. 231 day-old Jing powder No.1 laying hens which are normal in feeding, similar in weight, consistent in laying rate and healthy, randomly dividing the egg-laying period into two groups, namely a control group and a test group, dividing each group into 5 repeated groups, and repeating each group for 1000. Wherein the control group is fed with basic ration, the experimental group replaces 5% of basic ration on the basis of the control group to obtain the fermented feed of the experimental group 1 in the embodiment 2 as the feed, the positive test period is 8 weeks, and the experiment is carried out in the laying hen breeding demonstration base of the national engineering research center of biological feed development.

The test chickens freely feed and drink water, and the feeding management is executed according to the current scheme of the demonstration base. And (5) counting the egg laying quantity, feed consumption, average egg weight, feed-egg ratio, egg laying rate and the like of all groups of chickens in the test period. Eggs are collected once every two weeks, and 10 eggs are collected in each group for egg quality index determination.

Measurement indexes are as follows: the production performance indexes comprise laying rate, average egg weight, feed-egg ratio, death and culling rate, material consumption and the like; the quality index of the egg is eggshell thickness, eggshell strength, egg white index, yolk color, Ha's unit, etc.

Results were statistically analyzed using the SAS statistical software ANOVA procedure and multiple comparisons were made using the Duncan method. Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. The significance criteria were p < 0.05.

TABLE 2 influence of fermented feed on the production Performance of egg-laying hens

Note: the difference of the shoulder mark letters in the same column data represents significant difference (P <0.05), and the letters are the same or have no letters to represent insignificant difference (P > 0.05); the following table is the same.

The results of the production performance indexes are shown in table 2, the test group has obvious influence on the laying rate, the feed-egg ratio and the daily average feed consumption (P is less than 0.05), compared with a control group, the laying rate is improved by 3.54 percent, the feed-egg ratio is reduced by 11.79 percent, and the daily average feed consumption is reduced by 8.62 percent; the effect on average egg weight and mortality was insignificant (P >0.05), but the decrease in egg production was delayed. The fermented feed prepared by the technical scheme of the invention can obviously improve the production performance of the laying hens.

TABLE 3 influence of fermented feed on egg quality of layer chickens

The results of the egg quality data are shown in table 3, and compared with the control group, the egg shape index, the eggshell thickness, the eggshell weight and the eggshell strength of the test group are not significant (P is more than 0.05); the yolk color, yolk height, yolk diameter, egg white height and Ha's unit are obviously influenced (P <0.05), the yolk is more yellow, the yolk is obviously enlarged (the yolk is higher in height and larger in diameter), the egg white is smaller in height, and the Ha's unit is smaller.

Example 4 application of fermented feed in broiler chickens

1.8 million healthy white feather broilers of 1 day old, which are fed normally and have similar body weights, are selected and randomly divided into 6 groups, namely a control group and a test 1-5 group, each group is divided into 6 repeated groups, and each group is repeated by 500. The control group is fed with basic ration, the experiment 1 group replaces 5% of basic ration on the basis of the control group to obtain the fermented feed of the experiment 2 group 1 as the feed, the experiments 2-5 group replaces 5% of basic ration on the basis of the control group to obtain the fermented feed of the comparative examples 5-8 as the feed, and the test period is 42 days. The test is carried out in a broiler chicken breeding demonstration base of the national engineering research center of biological feed development. The test chickens freely feed and drink water, and the feeding management is executed according to the current scheme of the demonstration base. And (5) counting the slaughtering weight, the material consumption and the death and culling number of each group in the test period. Measuring the production performance index: daily gain (g/piece), daily average consumption (g/piece), feed conversion ratio and death and culling rate.

The results were statistically analyzed and multiple comparisons were made by Duncan's method using SAS statistical software ANOVA procedure. Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. The significance criteria were determined as p < 0.05.

TABLE 4 influence of fermented feed on broiler productivity

Note: the difference of the capital letters of the shoulder marks of the same column data indicates that the difference is significant (P <0.05), the letters are the same or no capital letters indicate that the difference is not significant (P >0.05)

The analysis in table 4 shows that the effect of the daily gain, the daily average consumption, the feed conversion ratio and the death and panning rate of the test group 1 is different from that of the control group (P < 0.05). Compared with a control group, the fermented feed prepared by the technical scheme of the invention replaces 5% of basic ration to feed broiler chickens, the daily gain is improved by 3.24%, the daily average consumption is reduced by 6.15%, the feed-meat ratio is reduced by 9.10%, and the death and culling rate is reduced by 12.74%. Meanwhile, the influence difference (P <0.05) of the daily gain, daily average feed consumption, feed-meat ratio and death and culling rate of the broilers in the test groups 2-6 is also obvious compared with that in the test group 1, which shows that the production performance of the broilers fed with the fermented feed prepared in the comparative examples 5-8 is obviously not good compared with that of the broilers fed with the fermented feed prepared by the technical scheme of the invention, and good synergistic effect is generated among various bacteria in the composite fermentation microbial inoculum.

Example 5 use of fermented feed in pigs

240 ternary hybrid pigs which are healthy, basically consistent in daily age and about 50 kilograms in weight are selected for tests, the three-way hybrid pigs are randomly divided into 2 groups, namely a basic diet group (a control group) and a fermented feed group (a test group), each group comprises 120 ternary hybrid pigs, 10% of basic diet of the test group is replaced by the basic diet on the basis of the basic diet, the fermented feed obtained in the experiment 1 group in the example 2 is taken as the feed, the feeding period is 28 days, and the tests are carried out in a pig breeding demonstration base of the national engineering research center for biological feed development. The feeding management is strictly carried out according to the management requirements of the pig breeding demonstration base of the national engineering research center of biological feed development. And counting indexes such as initial head number, final head number, initial weight, final weight, daily feed intake, daily gain, feed-meat ratio diarrhea rate and the like.

TABLE 5 influence of fermented feed on the Productivity of Large-sized pigs

The production performance results are shown in Table 5, the average daily food intake of the test group is increased by 130 g/day and the daily weight gain is increased by 87 g/day compared with the control group. The number of cough pig heads is reduced by 72.7%, and the number of gasp pig heads is reduced by 60%. The fermented feed prepared by the technical scheme of the invention can obviously improve the production performance of the medium and large pigs and reduce the diarrhea rate and cough occurrence.

Claims

1. The compound fermentation microbial inoculum for livestock and poultry is characterized by being prepared by mixing a microbial mixture and a carrier according to a mass ratio of 2-4: 6-8 and drying at a low temperature, wherein the microbial mixture comprises bacillus pumilus, enterococcus faecalis, lactobacillus plantarum and monascus;

the preservation number of the bacillus pumilus is CGMCC No.16061, the preservation number of the enterococcus faecalis is CGMCC No.16062, the preservation number of the lactobacillus plantarum is CGMCC No.13132, and the preservation number of the monascus is CGMCC No. 15088;

2. The composite zymophyte agent of claim 1, wherein the carrier is one or more of rice hull powder, stone powder, corncob powder or starch.

3. The complex fermentation inoculant according to claim 1, wherein the microbial mixture is formulated as a mixture of bacillus pumilus in CFU: enterococcus faecalis: lactobacillus plantarum: the ratio of monascus is 10: 1: 10: 3.

4. the composite fermentation bacterial agent of claim 1, wherein the number of viable bacillus pumilus in the composite fermentation bacterial agent is greater than or equal to 2.0 x 10⁹CFU/g, viable count of enterococcus faecalis more than or equal to 3.0 × 10⁸CFU/g, the viable count of lactobacillus plantarum is more than or equal to 2.0 multiplied by 10¹⁰CFU/g, the number of monascus viable bacteria is more than or equal to 5.0 multiplied by 10⁸CFU/g。

5. A method for preparing the complex fermentation inoculant according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which comprises the following steps: respectively fermenting bacillus pumilus, enterococcus faecalis, lactobacillus plantarum and monascus, ending fermentation at the late logarithmic phase, centrifuging fermentation liquor to collect wet thalli, re-suspending the thalli by using normal saline or phosphate buffer solution, mixing the bacillus pumilus, the enterococcus faecalis, the lactobacillus plantarum and the monascus according to a colony forming unit ratio to obtain a microorganism mixture, mixing the microorganism mixture and a carrier according to a mass ratio, and drying at a low temperature to obtain the composite fermentation microbial inoculum.

6. A fermented feed is characterized in that the fermented feed is obtained by fermenting the following raw materials with the composite fermentation inoculant as defined in any one of claims 1 to 4:6 to 13 percent of corn, 4 to 8 percent of soybean meal, 4 to 12 percent of monosodium glutamate protein, 5 to 10 percent of gunite corn husk, 10 to 20 percent of corn germ meal, 2 to 5 percent of bran, 5 to 15 percent of rice hull powder, 1 to 3 percent of molasses, 0 to 12 percent of stone powder and 15 to 25 percent of clean water; wherein the addition amount of the composite fermentation inoculant is 0.1-0.3 percent of the total amount of the raw materials; controlling the water content to be 26-37% during inoculation fermentation, and fermenting for 3-7 d at room temperature.

7. A process for preparing a fermented feed according to claim 6, which comprises the steps of:

(1) weighing other raw materials except molasses and clean water according to a raw material formula, crushing the raw materials, sieving the crushed raw materials by using a sieve with the aperture of 1.5-2.5mm, and premixing for 2-5 min to obtain raw material powder for later use;

(2) weighing a composite fermentation inoculant, dissolving the composite fermentation inoculant in clean water according to a weight ratio of 1:50, and activating for 12-24 hours at 35-37 ℃ to serve as seed liquid for later use;

(4) and (3) spraying the bacterial liquid obtained in the step (3) into the raw material powder obtained in the step (1), stirring for 2-5 min, controlling the water content, and fermenting at room temperature to obtain the livestock and poultry general fermented feed.

8. The use of the complex fermentation inoculant of any one of claims 1-4 in the preparation of livestock and poultry feed.

9. Use of the fermented feed according to claim 6 for improving the performance of livestock and poultry.