CN111213616A - Insect phototaxis behavior testing device and application thereof - Google Patents
Insect phototaxis behavior testing device and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111213616A CN111213616A CN202010195588.6A CN202010195588A CN111213616A CN 111213616 A CN111213616 A CN 111213616A CN 202010195588 A CN202010195588 A CN 202010195588A CN 111213616 A CN111213616 A CN 111213616A
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- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 121
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 230000029264 phototaxis Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002319 phototactic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000500437 Plutella xylostella Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 240000001624 Espostoa lanata Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000009161 Espostoa lanata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012907 honey Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000594031 Liriomyza sativae Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001414989 Thysanoptera Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000029305 taxis Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 8
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
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- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 244000291564 Allium cepa Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000255925 Diptera Species 0.000 description 2
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- 241000270728 Alligator Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000255581 Drosophila <fruit fly, genus> Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000500441 Plutellidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
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Abstract
The invention relates to a phototaxis behavior testing device for insects, which consists of a light-blocking box, a transparent insect-receiving tube and a light-blocking cover plate; the light isolation box is composed of a plurality of single light source chambers, a plurality of darkrooms and a reaction chamber, the single light source chambers are communicated with the reaction chamber through the darkrooms, and light rays of the single light source chambers can be transmitted into the reaction chamber through the darkrooms; the insect receiving pipe consists of a main pipe and a plurality of branch pipes, the main pipe is a hollow pipe with an upward opening, and one end of each branch pipe is communicated with the main pipe; the main pipe and the branch pipe of the insect receiving pipe are respectively embedded into the reaction chamber and the dark chamber of the light-proof box, and the other end of the branch pipe is communicated with the single light source chamber; the light blocking cover plate is detachably fixed on the upper parts of the darkroom and the reaction chamber. The invention has simple structure and convenient operation, can simultaneously research the taxis behavior reaction of insects to light sources with different wavelengths, carries out a contrast test, is convenient to screen the optimal sensitive wavelength of the insects, is convenient for the insects to carry out the taxis reaction test of various light sources, and is beneficial to the biological research of the insects.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biology, and particularly relates to a phototactic behavior testing device for insects and application thereof.
Background
Pest control is an important component of agricultural production, and chemical control, agricultural control, biological control, physical control, and the like are common for pest control. Wherein, the physical control utilizes the behavior characteristics of insects, such as phototaxis, to control pests, thus greatly reducing the use of chemical pesticides. The reaction of the insect to the light which moves towards the light source is called phototaxis, which is one of the main behavioral characteristics of the insect, plays an important role in various behavioral activities of the insect and influences the feeding, mating, reproduction and the like of the insect. Most insects have phototaxis, but the response of different insects to light waves is different, and the phototaxis of pests can be purposefully utilized to control by screening the optimal light source for attracting insects through researching the response of the insects to light waves with different wavelengths. The phototaxis of insects has a long history at home and abroad, and has a good practical application value, but phototaxis behavior testing devices adopted in the research are simple, the reaction of the insects to light with one wavelength can be tested at one time, the experimental operation is time-consuming, and the experimental accuracy is influenced due to more interference factors.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of overcoming the defects of the existing insect phototactic behavior testing device and provides the insect phototactic behavior testing device which can simultaneously research the sensitivity of insects to light sources with different wavelengths and perform comparison tests with different wavelengths.
The invention aims to provide a phototactic behavior testing device for insects.
The above purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides an insect phototaxis behavior testing arrangement which characterized in that: the testing device consists of a light-blocking box, a transparent insect receiving pipe and a light-blocking cover plate; the light isolation box is composed of a plurality of single light source chambers, a plurality of darkrooms and a reaction chamber, the single light source chambers are communicated with the reaction chamber through the darkrooms, and light rays of the single light source chambers can be transmitted into the reaction chamber through the darkrooms; the insect receiving pipe consists of a main pipe and a plurality of branch pipes, the main pipe is a hollow pipe with an upward opening, and one end of each branch pipe is communicated with the main pipe; the main pipe and the branch pipe of the insect receiving pipe are respectively embedded into the reaction chamber and the dark chamber of the light-proof box, and the other end of the branch pipe is communicated with the single light source chamber; the light blocking cover plate is detachably fixed on the upper parts of the darkroom and the reaction chamber.
The other end of the branch pipe extends into the single light source chamber, and a pipe plug is arranged at the port of the other end of the branch pipe.
The reaction chamber is positioned in the center of the light-proof box, the single light source chambers are radially distributed around the reaction chamber, and the darkroom is a linear channel; the main pipe is a vertical hollow pipe, wherein one end of the main pipe is opened upwards, the end face of the opening is provided with a pipe cover or a sealing film which can be opened, and the other end of the main pipe is closed; the branch pipes are straight hollow pipes which are radially and horizontally distributed and are communicated with the other end of the main pipe.
The single light source chambers are uniformly distributed around the reaction chamber, the central lines of the plurality of branch pipes are positioned on the same plane, and the included angles between the adjacent branch pipes are the same.
The number of the single light source chambers is four, the four single light source chambers are vertically distributed at the upper, lower, left and right positions of the reaction chamber in pairs, and the four branch pipes are distributed in a cross shape.
The single light source chamber and the reaction chamber are both square and have the same size; the branch pipes are of equal pipe diameter and equal length.
The testing device also comprises LED light source lamps, and one LED light source lamp is arranged above each single light source chamber.
The light-proof box and the light-proof cover plate are made of black opaque acrylic organic glass materials, and the insect-receiving pipe is made of transparent acrylic organic glass materials.
The LED light source is provided with an adjusting switch, and the irradiation wavelength of the LED light source can be adjusted.
The insect phototaxis behavior testing device is applied to insect phototaxis behavior research.
The method steps of the application include:
1) preparation of the test
Before the test is formally carried out, preparing insects to be tested, placing a piece of absorbent cotton ball dipped with honey syrup at the bottom of a 10ml centrifuge tube, selecting adults emerging on the same day, inserting 10 insects to be tested into each tube, and sealing absorbent cotton for later use. Each test is carried out by taking 10 test insects as a group and repeating the test insects for 3 times.
2) Dark treatment
In order to keep the adaptation conditions of the compound eyes of the insects to be tested consistent, the experimental time is planned in advance before light stimulation, and the insects to be tested are placed in a dark room to adapt for 2 hours.
3) Prepare the testing device
And (3) inspecting the testing device, plugging the opening of the branch pipe of the insect receiving pipe by using a pipe plug, installing the wavelength-adjustable LED light source, and placing the whole device in a dark environment covered by black cloth.
4) Test insects for inoculation
The insects to be tested after dark treatment are accessed from the upper end opening of the main pipe, a sealing film is used for sealing to prevent the insects from escaping, the insect receiving pipe is quickly and stably placed in the light isolation box, and the light blocking cover plate is covered.
5) And simultaneously turning on the LED light source lamp switch.
6) After the light with each wavelength is kept for 15 minutes, the light source is closed, the light blocking cover plate is taken down, the pest receiving tube is taken out from the light blocking box stably, and the distribution condition of the tested pests in each phototactic channel of the four-wall tube is recorded quickly.
The insects are thrips, scallion flies, diamondback moths or liriomyza sativae.
The phototaxis behavior testing device for the insects has the advantages that:
(1) the device for testing the phototaxis behavior of the insects can simultaneously perform phototaxis comparison tests of the insects on light sources with different wavelengths, can also perform phototaxis detection of the insects on the light sources with different wavelengths, and overcomes the limitation of the traditional phototaxis behavior testing device.
(2) The insect phototaxis behavior testing device can be used for directly connecting the insects to be tested into the insect receiving pipe after dark treatment according to the test requirements, then placing the insects into the matched light isolation box, and then covering the corresponding light blocking cover plate.
(3) The device for testing the phototaxis behavior of the insects and the research results are convenient to continue to a field test, and the device is applied to practical products such as insect attracting and killing lamps after field environment verification, so that the device is favorable for the close combination of three links of an indoor test, a field test and practical application, and the improvement of a physical pest control technology is promoted.
(4) The LED light source adopted by the insect phototactic behavior testing device is the LED light source with adjustable wavelength, and different wavelength light sources and light intensity required by the test can be obtained through debugging, so that the inconvenience of frequent replacement of the traditional test light source is overcome, and great convenience is provided for the test.
(5) The device for testing the phototactic behavior of the insects has the advantages of novel design, simple structure, low manufacturing cost and convenient operation, and can be used for researching the phototactic behavior reaction of various small insects.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of a device for testing phototactic behavior of insects according to the present invention (with a light source).
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view (without light source) of the device for testing phototactic behavior of insects of the present invention,
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of the light-shielding box and the insect-receiving tube of the device for testing phototactic behavior of insects of the present invention,
FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of an insect receiving tube in the phototactic behavior testing device of the present invention,
FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a light-blocking box in the phototactic behavior testing device for insects of the present invention,
FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view of a light-blocking cover plate in the device for testing phototactic behavior of insects according to the present invention,
FIG. 7 is a result of a phototactic test of Plutella xylostella,
FIG. 8 is the result of phototactic test of Drosophila alligata.
Wherein the various reference numbers are listed below:
1-light-proof box, 2-insect-receiving tube, 3-LED light source lamp, 11-light-blocking cover plate, 12-handle, 13-single light source chamber, 14-dark chamber, 15-reaction chamber, 21-main tube, 22-branch tube, 23-tube plug and 24-sealing film.
Detailed Description
For the purposes of promoting a clear understanding of the objects and advantages of the invention, reference will now be made in detail to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
As shown in figures 1-6, a phototactic behavior testing device for insects comprises a light isolation box 1, a transparent insect receiving tube 2, a light blocking cover plate 11 and an LED light source lamp 3 arranged above the light blocking box.
The light-proof box is composed of a plurality of single light source chambers 13, a plurality of dark chambers 14 and a reaction chamber 15, wherein the single light source chambers 13 are communicated with the reaction chamber 15 through the dark chambers 14, and light of the single light source chambers 13 can be transmitted to the reaction chamber 15 through the dark chambers 14. The preferred scheme of the invention is that the reaction chamber 15 is positioned at the central position, four single light source chambers 13 are vertically distributed at the upper, lower, left and right positions of the reaction chamber 13 in pairs, and the dark chamber 14 is a passage communicated with a straight line. The LED light source lamps 3 are positioned right above the single light source chambers 13, each single light source chamber 13 is provided with at least one LED light source lamp which is the LED light source lamp 3 with adjustable wavelength, and therefore light sources with different wavelengths required by experiments are obtained.
The insect receiving pipe 2 is composed of a main pipe 21 and a plurality of branch pipes 22, the main pipe 21 is a hollow pipe with an upward opening, and one end of each branch pipe 22 is communicated with the main pipe 21. In the preferred scheme of the invention, the main pipe 21 is a vertical hollow pipe, wherein one end of the main pipe is opened upwards, a sealing film 24 is arranged on the end surface of the opening, and the other end of the main pipe is closed; four branch pipes 22 are distributed in a cross shape and communicate with the other end of the main pipe 21.
The main pipe 21 and the branch pipe 22 of the insect receiving pipe 2 are respectively embedded into the reaction chamber 15 and the dark chamber 14 of the light-proof box 1, the light-blocking cover plate 11 is detachably fixed on the upper parts of the dark chamber 14 and the reaction chamber 15, and the light-blocking cover plate 11 is provided with a handle 12. Preferably, the other end of the branch pipe 22 extends into the single light source chamber 13 and the other end is ported with a plug 23.
Preferably: the single light source chamber 13 and the reaction chamber 15 are both square and have the same size; the four branch pipes 22 have the same pipe diameter and the same length and are positioned in the same plane.
According to the insect phototaxis behavior testing device, the insect receiving tube containing the insects is embedded into the light-proof box, and the LED light source lamp is arranged above the single light source chamber, so that phototaxis reaction of the insects climbs into the corresponding branch tube and then enters the single light source chamber. The light-blocking chamber is made of black organic glass (or light-tight material), and a light-blocking cover plate is detachably fixed above the reaction chamber and the darkroom in order to avoid the mutual interference of light rays of the single light source chambers. The insect receiving tube is made of transparent acrylic organic glass material.
To prevent insects that have crawled into the single light source chambers from escaping, the manifold preferably extends into each single light source chamber and covers the plug at that port, and the phototactic reaction of insects is only concentrated at the plug port and does not enter the single light source chamber.
The number of the single light source chamber, the darkroom and the branch pipes is corresponding, the number is not limited, the reaction chamber and the main pipe are corresponding, and the size is not limited as long as the space range can be arranged. The application has four single light source chambers, four straight-through darkroom channels which are distributed in a cross shape, and four branch pipes of the insect receiving pipe are also distributed in a cross shape.
During the experiment, the insect that awaits measuring after will hiding inserts according to the person in charge of worm pipe, seal in order to prevent waiting to examine the insect escape with the sealing film, will connect the worm pipe to arrange in the diaphragm capsule, cover with the apron that is in the light, set up experimental required wavelength light source through intelligent debugging, illumination intensity, every LED lamp corresponds a single light source room, the position of lamp has been adjusted, the light source that makes the LED lamp produce shines in branch pipe stopcock end, thereby build the light-trending channel of different wavelength light, the insect in the person in charge can observe light fast and make the trend and select, whole experiment is arranged and is gone on under the dark environment. After a period of time, the LED light source lamp is closed, the light blocking cover plate is taken down, and the distribution situation of the insects in each phototaxis channel at the plug end of the branch pipe is rapidly observed and recorded for analyzing and researching the phototaxis of the insects.
The phototaxis behavior testing device for the insects has the advantages that: the phototaxis contrast test of the insect on various light sources with different wavelengths can be carried out simultaneously, and the limitation of the traditional phototaxis behavior test device is overcome; during experimental operation, the insects to be tested are directly connected into the insect receiving pipe after being subjected to dark treatment according to experimental requirements, then are placed in the matched light blocking box, and then the corresponding light blocking cover plate is matched, so that a more rigorous experimental environment is created compared with the traditional phototaxis behavior testing device, and the interference of indoor natural light is reduced; the LED light source adopted by the insect phototactic behavior testing device is an adjustable wavelength LED light source, and different wavelength light sources and light intensity required by the test can be obtained through debugging, so that the inconvenience of frequent replacement of the traditional test light source is overcome, and great convenience is provided for the test; research results are convenient to continue to field tests, and the method is applied to practical products such as insect-attracting and killing lamps after field environment verification, is favorable for close combination of three links of indoor tests, field tests and practical applications, and promotes the improvement of pest physical control technology; the device for testing the phototactic behavior of the insects has the advantages of novel design, simple structure, low manufacturing cost and convenient operation, and can be used for researching the phototactic behavior reaction of various small insects.
Experimental example: phototactic behavior test for diamondback moth and scallion fly
1) Preparation of the test
Before the test is formally carried out, preparing insects to be tested, placing a piece of absorbent cotton ball dipped with honey syrup at the bottom of a 10ml centrifuge tube, selecting adults emerging on the same day, inserting 10 insects to be tested into each tube, and sealing absorbent cotton for later use. Each test is carried out by taking 10 test insects as a group and repeating the test insects for 3 times.
2) Dark treatment
In order to keep the adaptation conditions of the compound eyes of the insects to be tested consistent, the experimental time is planned in advance before light stimulation, and the insects to be tested are placed in a dark room to adapt for 2 hours.
3) Prepare the testing device
And (3) inspecting and testing the device, plugging four-end openings of the four-wall pipe of the insect receiving device by using pipe plugs, installing a wavelength-adjustable LED light source, and placing the whole device in a dark environment covered by black cloth.
4) Test insects for inoculation
The insects to be tested after dark treatment are connected into the four-arm tube reaction activity chamber from the upper end opening of the four-wall tube, the four-wall tube is sealed by a sealing film to prevent the insects from escaping, the four-wall tube is quickly and stably placed in a light isolation box, and the light barrier is covered.
5) And simultaneously turning on the LED light source lamp switch.
6) After light stimulation is carried out for 15 minutes by each wavelength, the light source is closed, the light barrier is taken down, and the distribution condition of insects in each phototactic channel of the four-wall tube is rapidly recorded.
7) Results of the implementation
By implementing the case, the phototactic behavior of the plutella xylostella and the alligator flies is clearly and conveniently tested by using the device for testing the phototactic behavior of the insects.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that the above preferred embodiment should not be considered as limiting the present invention, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that other various changes and modifications can be made in the above without departing from the principle of the present invention, and the changes and modifications can be made within the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an insect phototaxis behavior testing arrangement which characterized in that: the testing device consists of a light-blocking box, a transparent insect receiving pipe and a light-blocking cover plate; the light isolation box is composed of a plurality of single light source chambers, a plurality of darkrooms and a reaction chamber, the single light source chambers are communicated with the reaction chamber through the darkrooms, and light rays of the single light source chambers can be transmitted into the reaction chamber through the darkrooms; the insect receiving pipe consists of a main pipe and a plurality of branch pipes, the main pipe is a hollow pipe with an upward opening, and one end of each branch pipe is communicated with the main pipe; the main pipe and the branch pipe of the insect receiving pipe are respectively embedded into the reaction chamber and the dark chamber of the light-proof box, and the other end of the branch pipe is communicated with the single light source chamber; the light blocking cover plate is detachably fixed on the upper parts of the darkroom and the reaction chamber.
2. The insect phototactic behavior testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the other end of the branch pipe extends into the single light source chamber, and a pipe plug is arranged at the port of the other end of the branch pipe.
3. The insect phototactic behavior testing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: the reaction chamber is positioned in the center of the light-proof box, the single light source chambers are radially distributed around the reaction chamber, and the darkroom is a linear channel; the main pipe is a vertical hollow pipe, wherein one end of the main pipe is opened upwards, the end face of the opening is provided with a pipe cover or a sealing film which can be opened, and the other end of the main pipe is closed; the branch pipes are straight hollow pipes which are radially and horizontally distributed and are communicated with the other end of the main pipe.
4. The insect phototactic behavior testing device according to claim 4, characterized in that: the single light source chambers are uniformly distributed around the reaction chamber, the central lines of the plurality of branch pipes are positioned on the same plane, and the included angles between the adjacent branch pipes are the same.
5. The insect phototactic behavior testing device according to claim 5, characterized in that: the number of the single light source chambers is four, the four single light source chambers are vertically distributed at the upper, lower, left and right positions of the reaction chamber in pairs, and the four branch pipes are distributed in a cross shape; the single light source chamber and the reaction chamber are both square and have the same size; the branch pipes are of equal pipe diameter and equal length.
6. The insect phototactic behavior testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the LED light source lamp is arranged above each single light source chamber.
7. The insect phototactic behavior testing device according to claim 6, characterized in that: the LED light source is provided with an adjusting switch, and the irradiation wavelength of the LED light source can be adjusted.
8. Use of the insect phototactic behavior test device according to claims 1 to 7 in the study of phototactic behavior of insects.
9. The use of claim 8, comprising the steps of:
1) preparation of the test
Before a formal test is carried out, preparing insects to be tested, placing a piece of absorbent cotton ball dipped with honey syrup at the bottom of a 10ml centrifugal tube, selecting adults emerging on the same day, connecting 10 insects to be tested into each tube, and sealing absorbent cotton for later use;
2) dark treatment
In order to keep the adaptation conditions of the compound eyes of the insects to be detected consistent, the experimental time is planned in advance before light stimulation, and the insects to be detected are put in a dark room to be adapted for 2 hours;
3) prepare the testing device
Inspecting the testing device, plugging the opening of the branch pipe of the insect receiving pipe by using a pipe plug, installing an LED light source lamp with adjustable wavelength, and placing the whole device in a dark environment covered by black cloth;
4) test insects for inoculation
The insects to be tested after dark treatment are accessed from the upper end opening of the main pipe, a sealing film is used for sealing to prevent the insects from escaping, the insect receiving pipe is quickly and stably placed in a light isolation box, and a light blocking cover plate is covered;
5) simultaneously turning on a switch of the LED light source lamp;
6) after the light with each wavelength is kept for 15 minutes, the light source is closed, the light blocking cover plate is taken down, and the distribution condition of the test insects in each phototactic channel of the four-wall tube is rapidly recorded.
10. The use according to claim 9, wherein the insect is thrips, chironomia, diamondback moth or liriomyza sativae.
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| CN202010195588.6A CN111213616A (en) | 2020-03-19 | 2020-03-19 | Insect phototaxis behavior testing device and application thereof |
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| CN202010195588.6A CN111213616A (en) | 2020-03-19 | 2020-03-19 | Insect phototaxis behavior testing device and application thereof |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111820189A (en) * | 2020-06-24 | 2020-10-27 | 河南工业大学 | Insect phototaxis behavior measuring device |
| CN111999440A (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2020-11-27 | 广东博创佳禾科技有限公司 | Natural enemy insect toxicity test device |
| CN112352740A (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2021-02-12 | 李明亮 | Maggot fly breeding box |
-
2020
- 2020-03-19 CN CN202010195588.6A patent/CN111213616A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111820189A (en) * | 2020-06-24 | 2020-10-27 | 河南工业大学 | Insect phototaxis behavior measuring device |
| CN111999440A (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2020-11-27 | 广东博创佳禾科技有限公司 | Natural enemy insect toxicity test device |
| CN111999440B (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2022-04-26 | 广东博创佳禾科技有限公司 | Natural enemy insect toxicity test device |
| CN112352740A (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2021-02-12 | 李明亮 | Maggot fly breeding box |
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