CN111213604A - 一种草虾生态养殖系统 - Google Patents
一种草虾生态养殖系统 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种草虾生态养殖系统,包括养殖区、植物区、水质净化A区和水质净化B区,水质净化B区处理后的水体通过管道回流至养殖区;养殖区接种苦草、轮叶黑藻和金鱼藻,三者的种植面积比为1:(5~8):(5~7),间种;植物区种植菖蒲、水芹和紫菜,三者的种植面积比为1:(5~7):(2~3),间种;水质净化区A区放入活性炭,A区出水后排入B区,B区加有硝化细菌液和枯草芽孢杆菌,使水体中硝化细菌的含量达到1×105~2×105cfu/mL,枯草芽孢杆菌的含量为1×106~2×106cfu/mL;B区出水口设有过滤网。采用本发明方法,不仅可以实现养殖水的循环使用,节约资源,且有效促进草虾摄食,加速草虾生长,养殖90天后体重可达到28~36g。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及水产养殖技术领域,特别涉及一种草虾生态养殖系统。
背景技术
草虾,属对虾科,学名斑节对虾,又称黑壳虾。草虾具有生长快、食性杂、广盐性、养殖周期短、肉味鲜美、营养丰富等特点,是对虾属中最大型种,备受消费者青睐。目前草虾的养殖模式主要是池塘养殖,在养殖过程中,需要大量换水,水资源浪费严重,污水排放又存在环境污染问题,因此,目前的养殖模式已经制约了草虾养殖产业的发展,需要寻求一种可持续发展的循环水养殖系统。目前的养殖模式中,草虾养殖90~100天后,规格约20~30只/斤,尚未达到效益的最大化,因此,在循环水养殖模式下进一步提高草虾的经济效益是本发明的主要目的。
发明内容
鉴于此,本发明提供了一种草虾生态养殖系统。
本发明的技术方案是:
一种草虾生态养殖系统,按水流方向,依序包括养殖区、植物区、水质净化A区和水质净化B区,水质净化B区处理后的水体通过管道回流至养殖区;养殖区接种苦草、轮叶黑藻和金鱼藻,三者的种植面积比为1:(5~8):(5~7),间种;植物区种植菖蒲、水芹和紫菜,三者的种植面积比为1:(5~7):(2~3),间种;水质净化A区放入活性炭,A区出水后排入B区,B区加有硝化细菌液和枯草芽孢杆菌,使水体中硝化细菌的含量达到1×105~2×105cfu/mL,枯草芽孢杆菌的含量为1×106~2×106cfu/mL;B区出水口设有过滤网。
投入虾苗前7~10天,养殖区中开始接入苦草、轮叶黑藻和金鱼藻,并向水中加入枯草芽孢杆菌,使枯草芽孢杆菌的含量每天保持1×105~2×105cfu/mL;7~10天后开始放入草虾虾苗;在草虾养殖2个月后再套养脊尾白虾。
优选的,养殖期间,每天投喂配合饲料,配合饲料包括以下成分:按质量百分比计,丁癸草3~10%、金银花2~8%、大青叶2~8%、鱼粉27~30%、酵母粉3~4%、豆粕15~18%、花生粕6~7%、大豆磷脂3~5%、小麦粉9~10%、植物油1.2~1.5%、磷酸二氢钙2.2~2.6%、胆固醇0.1~0.3%、维生素C 0.1~0.3%、牛磺酸0.2~0.4%、1~3%粘合剂和水;每克饲料还包括海氏肠球菌103~104cfu。
更优选的,草虾养殖前2个月期间,每天投喂配合饲料,饲料投喂量为草虾体重的3~5%;配合饲料包括以下成分:按质量百分比计,丁癸草8~10%、金银花2~5%、大青叶2~5%、海氏肠球菌8~9%、鱼粉27~30%、酵母粉3~4%、豆粕15~18%、花生粕6~7%、大豆磷脂3~5%、小麦粉9~10%、植物油1.2~1.5%、磷酸二氢钙2.2~2.6%、胆固醇0.1~0.3%、维生素C 0.1~0.3%、牛磺酸0.2~0.4%、1~3%粘合剂和水;每克饲料还包括海氏肠球菌104cfu。
草虾养殖2个月后,每天投喂配合饲料,饲料投喂量为草虾体重的3~5%;配合饲料包括以下成分:按质量百分比计,丁癸草3~7%、金银花5~8%、大青叶5~8%、鱼粉27~30%、酵母粉3~4%、豆粕15~18%、花生粕6~7%、大豆磷脂3~5%、小麦粉9~10%、植物油1.2~1.5%、磷酸二氢钙2.2~2.6%、胆固醇0.1~0.3%、维生素C 0.1~0.3%、牛磺酸0.2~0.4%、1~3%粘合剂和水;每克饲料还包括海氏肠球菌103cfu。
优选的,养殖区水温为26~28℃、盐度为28~30‰、pH7.8~8.3。
优选的,草虾苗种体长1.0~1.2cm,放苗密度8000~12000尾/亩。
优选的,白虾苗种体长1.5~2.0cm,白虾放养规格为1000~1200尾/亩。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
在养殖过程中,保持良好的水质条件是成功的关键,本发明方法在草虾养殖后期套养白虾,白虾可消化掉草虾剩余的饵料,使得水质不污染变质,保持良好的水质环境。
接种苦草、轮叶黑藻和金鱼藻,并优化种植面积,有利于微生物在水生植物上的附着,而微生物的附着也有利于植物根系对营养的吸收,促进植物的生长,提高植物净水能力,且为草虾提供更丰富的食物来源。
设置植物区和水质净化区可起到有效的水质净化的目的,实现养殖水体的循环利用,达到绿色生态养殖的效果。
使用配合饲料,且对饲料成分和使用时机进行优化,可达到调整不同时期草虾肠道微生物菌群的目的,促进草虾对食物营养的吸收,加快生长,且提高免疫力,在养殖过程中未发生病害。
采用本发明方法,不仅可以实现养殖水的循环使用,节约资源,且有效促进草虾摄食,加速草虾生长,养殖90天后体重可达到28~36g。
具体实施方式
为了更好理解本发明技术内容,下面提供具体实施例,对本发明做进一步的说明。
实施例1
一种草虾生态养殖系统,按水流方向,依序包括养殖区5亩、植物区0.5亩、水质净化A区1亩和水质净化B区1亩,水质净化B区处理后的水体通过管道回流至养殖区;养殖区接种苦草、轮叶黑藻和金鱼藻,三者的种植面积比为1:5:7,间种;植物区种植菖蒲、水芹和紫菜,二者的种植面积比为1:5:2,间种;水质净化A区放入活性炭,B区加有硝化细菌液和枯草芽孢杆菌,使硝化细菌的含量达到1×105~2×105cfu/mL,枯草芽孢杆菌的含量为1×106~2×106cfu/mL;B区出水口设有100目以上的过滤网。
养殖区水温为26~28℃、盐度为28~30‰、pH7.8~8.3,投入虾苗10天前,养殖区中开始接入苦草、轮叶黑藻和金鱼藻,并向水中加入枯草芽孢杆菌,使枯草芽孢杆菌的含量每天保持1×105~2×105cfu/mL;10天后开始放入草虾虾苗,苗种体长1~1.2cm,放苗密度12000尾/亩。在草虾养殖2个月后再套养脊尾白虾,白虾放养规格为1000尾/亩,苗种体长1.5~2.0cm。
养殖前2个月期间,每天投喂一次配合饲料,饲料投喂量为草虾体重的3~5%;配合饲料包括以下成分:按质量百分比计,丁癸草8%、金银花5%、大青叶5%、鱼粉30%、酵母粉3%、豆粕15%、花生粕6%、大豆磷脂3%、小麦粉9%、植物油1.5%、磷酸二氢钙2.6%、胆固醇0.3%、维生素C 0.1%、牛磺酸0.4%、3%粘合剂和水;每克饲料还包括海氏肠球菌1×104cfu;
养殖2个月后,每天投喂一次配合饲料,饲料投喂量为草虾体重的3~5%;配合饲料包括以下成分:按质量百分比计,丁癸草3%、金银花8%、大青叶8%、鱼粉27%、酵母粉4%、豆粕15%、花生粕7%、大豆磷脂5%、小麦粉9%、植物油1.2%、磷酸二氢钙2.6%、胆固醇0.1%、维生素C 0.1%、牛磺酸0.4%、3%粘合剂和水;每克饲料还包括海氏肠球菌1×103cfu;
实施例2
一种草虾生态养殖系统,按水流方向,依序包括养殖区5亩、植物区0.5亩、水质净化A区1亩和水质净化B区1亩,水质净化B区处理后的水体通过管道回流至养殖区;养殖区接种苦草、轮叶黑藻和金鱼藻,三者的种植面积比为1:8:5,间种;植物区种植菖蒲、水芹和紫菜,二者的种植面积比为1:7:3,间种;水质净化A区放入活性炭,B区加有硝化细菌液和枯草芽孢杆菌,使硝化细菌的含量达到1×105~2×105cfu/mL,枯草芽孢杆菌的含量为1×106~2×106cfu/mL;B区出水口设有100目以上的过滤网。
养殖区水温为26~28℃、盐度为28~30‰、pH7.8~8.3,投入虾苗10天前,养殖区中开始接入苦草、轮叶黑藻和金鱼藻,并向水中加入枯草芽孢杆菌,使枯草芽孢杆菌的含量每天保持1×105~2×105cfu/mL;10天后开始放入草虾虾苗,苗种体长1.0~1.2cm,放苗密度8000尾/亩。在草虾养殖2个月后再套养脊尾白虾,白虾放养规格为1200尾/亩,苗种体长1.5~2.0cm。
养殖前2个月期间,每天投喂一次配合饲料,饲料投喂量为草虾体重的3~5%;配合饲料包括以下成分:按质量百分比计,丁癸草10%、金银花2%、大青叶2%、鱼粉27%、酵母粉4%、豆粕18%、花生粕7%、大豆磷脂5%、小麦粉10%、植物油1.2%、磷酸二氢钙2.2、胆固醇0.1%、维生素C 0.3%、牛磺酸0.2%、1%粘合剂和水;每克饲料还包括海氏肠球菌1×104cfu;
养殖2个月后,每天投喂一次配合饲料,饲料投喂量为草虾体重的3~5%;配合饲料包括以下成分:按质量百分比计,丁癸草7%、金银花5%、大青叶5%、鱼粉30%、酵母粉3%、豆粕18%、花生粕6%、大豆磷脂3%、小麦粉10%、植物油1.5%、磷酸二氢钙2.2%、胆固醇0.3%、维生素C 0.3%、牛磺酸0.2%、1%粘合剂和水;每克饲料还包括海氏肠球菌1×103cfu;
实施例3
本实施例与实施例2的区别是:
养殖期间,每天投喂一次配合饲料,饲料投喂量为草虾体重的3~5%;配合饲料包括以下成分:按质量百分比计,丁癸草7%、金银花5%、大青叶5%、鱼粉30%、酵母粉3%、豆粕18%、花生粕6%、大豆磷脂3%、小麦粉10%、植物油1.5%、磷酸二氢钙2.2%、胆固醇0.3%、维生素C 0.3%、牛磺酸0.2%、1%粘合剂和水;每克饲料还包括海氏肠球菌1×103cfu。
实施例4
本实施例与实施例2的区别是:
养殖期间,每天投喂一次配合饲料,饲料投喂量为草虾体重的3~5%;配合饲料包括以下成分:按质量百分比计,鱼腥草7%、金银花5%、大青叶5%、鱼粉30%、酵母粉3%、豆粕18%、花生粕6%、大豆磷脂3%、小麦粉10%、植物油1.5%、磷酸二氢钙2.2%、胆固醇0.3%、维生素C 0.3%、牛磺酸0.2%、1%粘合剂和水;每克饲料还包括短小芽胞杆菌1×103cfu。
对比例1
本对比例与实施例4的区别是:
苦草、轮叶黑藻和金鱼藻替换为苦草、伊乐藻和狐尾藻。未套种白虾。
实验例:
按照实施例与对比例的方法进行养殖,90天后,统计草虾体重。结果见表1。
表1 n=8;x±S
实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 | 对比例1 | |
体重/g | 35.43±2.34 | 36.40±2.09 | 31.32±1.14 | 28.22±1.03 | 17.65±2.35 |
结果显示,采用本发明方法,不仅可以实现养殖水的循环使用,节约资源,且有效促进草虾摄食,加速草虾生长,养殖90天后体重可达到28~36g。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种草虾生态养殖系统,其特征在于,按水流方向,依序包括养殖区、植物区、水质净化A区和水质净化B区,水质净化B区处理后的水体通过管道回流至养殖区;养殖区接种苦草、轮叶黑藻和金鱼藻,三者的种植面积比为1:(5~8):(5~7),间种;植物区种植菖蒲、水芹和紫菜,三者的种植面积比为1:(5~7):(2~3),间种;水质净化A区放入活性炭,A区出水后排入B区,B区加有硝化细菌液和枯草芽孢杆菌,使水体中硝化细菌的含量达到1×105~2×105cfu/mL,枯草芽孢杆菌的含量为1×106~2×106cfu/mL;B区出水口设有过滤网。
投入虾苗前7~10天,养殖区中开始接入苦草、轮叶黑藻和金鱼藻,并向水中加入枯草芽孢杆菌,使枯草芽孢杆菌的含量每天保持1×105~2×105cfu/mL;7~10天后开始放入草虾虾苗;在草虾养殖2个月后再套养脊尾白虾。
2.根据权利要求1所述的草虾生态养殖系统,其特征在于,养殖期间,每天投喂配合饲料,配合饲料包括以下成分:按质量百分比计,丁癸草3~10%、金银花2~8%、大青叶2~8%、鱼粉27~30%、酵母粉3~4%、豆粕15~18%、花生粕6~7%、大豆磷脂3~5%、小麦粉9~10%、植物油1.2~1.5%、磷酸二氢钙2.2~2.6%、胆固醇0.1~0.3%、维生素C 0.1~0.3%、牛磺酸0.2~0.4%、1~3%粘合剂和水;每克饲料还包括海氏肠球菌103~104cfu。
3.根据权利要求2所述的草虾生态养殖系统,其特征在于,草虾养殖前2个月期间,每天投喂配合饲料,饲料投喂量为草虾体重的3~5%;配合饲料包括以下成分:按质量百分比计,丁癸草8~10%、金银花2~5%、大青叶2~5%、海氏肠球菌8~9%、鱼粉27~30%、酵母粉3~4%、豆粕15~18%、花生粕6~7%、大豆磷脂3~5%、小麦粉9~10%、植物油1.2~1.5%、磷酸二氢钙2.2~2.6%、胆固醇0.1~0.3%、维生素C 0.1~0.3%、牛磺酸0.2~0.4%、1~3%粘合剂和水;每克饲料还包括海氏肠球菌104cfu。
4.根据权利要求2所述的草虾生态养殖系统,其特征在于,草虾养殖2个月后,每天投喂配合饲料,饲料投喂量为草虾体重的3~5%;配合饲料包括以下成分:按质量百分比计,丁癸草3~7%、金银花5~8%、大青叶5~8%、鱼粉27~30%、酵母粉3~4%、豆粕15~18%、花生粕6~7%、大豆磷脂3~5%、小麦粉9~10%、植物油1.2~1.5%、磷酸二氢钙2.2~2.6%、胆固醇0.1~0.3%、维生素C 0.1~0.3%、牛磺酸0.2~0.4%、1~3%粘合剂和水;每克饲料还包括海氏肠球菌103cfu。
5.根据权利要求1所述的草虾生态养殖系统,其特征在于,养殖区水温为26~28℃、盐度为28~30‰、pH7.8~8.3,溶解氧大于5mg/L。
6.根据权利要求1所述的草虾生态养殖系统,其特征在于,草虾苗种体长1.0~1.2cm,放苗密度8000~12000尾/亩。
7.根据权利要求1所述的草虾生态养殖系统,其特征在于,白虾苗种体长1.5~2.0cm,白虾放养规格为1000~1200尾/亩。
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