CN111206538A - Mangrove and submerged dike coupled ecological breakwater - Google Patents
Mangrove and submerged dike coupled ecological breakwater Download PDFInfo
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- CN111206538A CN111206538A CN202010043755.5A CN202010043755A CN111206538A CN 111206538 A CN111206538 A CN 111206538A CN 202010043755 A CN202010043755 A CN 202010043755A CN 111206538 A CN111206538 A CN 111206538A
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- 240000002044 Rhizophora apiculata Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 241000120622 Rhizophoraceae Species 0.000 abstract description 18
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000021715 photosynthesis, light harvesting Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 240000003793 Rhizophora mangle Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001970 hydrokinetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001012 protector Effects 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/06—Moles; Piers; Quays; Quay walls; Groynes; Breakwaters ; Wave dissipating walls; Quay equipment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/11—Hard structures, e.g. dams, dykes or breakwaters
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ecological breakwater with coupled mangrove forest and submerged dike, belonging to the field of coastal engineering. The method is characterized in that a traditional breakwater structure is innovatively coupled with a mangrove forest, a plurality of submerged dikes are arranged at intervals and periodically, dyke core stones, block stones, backfill soil and a protective surface are sequentially laid in the dikes, and the existence of the submerged dikes causes the vertical elevation of plants to be changed in a staggered manner. The mangrove forest consists of tree crowns, tree stems and tree roots, and the most remarkable canopy of wave absorption capacity is lifted, so that the effective wave absorption water level is improved. Under the action of waves and tides, the type can not only enable mangroves to generate more shear layers, but also enhance the wave-absorbing and flow-resisting effects; mangrove can be used to enhance the wave absorbing ability of the submerged dike to surface waves and weaken the destructive effect of extreme sea conditions such as storm surge and the like to the submerged dike. The invention reduces the occupied area by coupling the mangrove forest and the submerged dike, realizes win-win by combining the wave absorption characteristics of the mangrove forest and the submerged dike, is environment-friendly, and has economic value and ecological significance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of coastal engineering, in particular to an ecological breakwater with coupled mangrove forest and submerged dikes.
Background
The coastal wetland in China is an important natural resource treasury and contains rich vegetation resources and biological resources. Due to the special geographical position of the coastal wetland, the interaction between wetland vegetation resources and the ocean hydrokinetic environment is frequent, and storm surge has great threat to the coastal ecological wetland. Particularly, in recent years, due to the fact that the global climate is rapidly warmed to cause the rise of sea level to be increased, and the coastal economic society of China is rapidly developed, the storm surge tends to expand in range and increase in frequency, and the method becomes one of the key concerns of the coastal wetland ecological safety guarantee problem of China.
When the traditional submerged embankment structure is subjected to strong sea conditions such as storm surge and the like, the wave absorption effect is greatly reduced, and the structural stability and durability of the submerged embankment structure are threatened. The coastal wetland vegetation is an economic and environment-friendly marine ecological barrier, and plays an important role in reducing storm surge energy and promoting coastal ecological environment. The coastline ecological barrier is established, the ecological benefits of the coastal wetland are improved, and the loss of coastal wetland resources is effectively reduced, so that the coastline ecological barrier has important significance on social and economic sustainable development.
At present, the traditional arrangement of the coastal protection forest can realize the dissipation of most of incoming wave and incoming flow energy only by large-scale arrangement, meanwhile, according to the wave-absorbing rule of the mangrove forest, the wave-absorbing and flow-blocking effects at the front end of the mangrove forest are most obvious, the wave-absorbing and flow-blocking capacity at the middle and rear parts is greatly reduced, and the mangrove forest with large scale is required for achieving complete energy dissipation, so the cost and economic investment are high. In addition, the wave-absorbing area of the mangrove is mainly concentrated in the crown area, the wave-absorbing effect of the stem area is very small, so that the wave-absorbing performance of the traditional mangrove is poor, the effect is very small especially under the high tide water level submerging condition, and the resistance of the mangrove to the strong hydrodynamic condition is uncertain.
In many published technical patents, no technical scheme for mutual coupling and mutual promotion of mangrove forest and submerged dikes is proposed, and the realization of the coupling technology under the current world marine ecological disaster prevention and reduction pattern is very important for promoting marine ecological disaster reduction, guaranteeing the property safety of people in coastal areas and improving marine ecological environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The ecological breakwater overcomes the defects in the prior art, innovations are made in the prior art, and the mangrove forest and submerged breakwater are coupled. The main purpose of the method is to provide a technical scheme that mangroves and submerged dikes are mutually coupled and mutually promoted, and the characteristics and the law of wave and flow elimination of the traditional submerged dikes and the traditional mangroves are combined, so that the wave and flow elimination and flow blocking capacity of the mangroves is maximized on the basis of the submerged dikes, and the ecological environment is improved; the destruction effect on the submerged dike is reduced in the presence of mangrove forest, and the method has great significance for promoting marine ecology disaster reduction, improving marine ecological environment and reducing cost investment.
In order to realize the technical functions, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an ecological breakwater with coupled mangrove and submerged dike comprises mangrove and submerged dike; the submerged dikes are arranged along the direction of a vertical shoreline at a set interval; the mangrove forest is arranged on the top of the submerged dikes and the seabed between the submerged dikes.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the height of the submerged dike is equal to the bottom of the mature mangrove forest canopy arranged on the seabed, and the width of the dike top is the width of the mature mangrove forest canopy.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the submerged embankment is internally provided with dyke core stones, lump stones, backfill soil and a protective surface in sequence from inside to outside.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the submerged embankment has a trapezoidal cross section.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, a riprap bottom protector is arranged at the contact part of the protecting surfaces at the two sides of the submerged dike and the seabed.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the number of rows of mangroves on the top of the submerged dike is single row, and the number of rows of mangroves on the seabed is single row or multiple rows.
As a preferred aspect of the present invention, the canopy region of the mangrove forest disposed on the seabed is located at the same elevation as the stem region of the mangrove forest on the adjacent offshore-side submerged bank.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the arrangement number of the submerged dikes is determined according to sea power conditions of sea areas, and the arrangement number is one row or multiple rows in consideration of the optimal wave and flow eliminating and blocking effects.
As a preferred scheme of the invention, the horizontal distance between two adjacent rows of mangroves is not less than four meters, and the plant arrangement distance between the mangroves in the same row is not less than four meters. The arrangement may be a regular arrangement or a staggered arrangement.
The invention has the advantages that:
the ecological breakwater is innovatively coupled and mutually promoted by combining the wave-absorbing characteristics and rules of the mangrove forest and the submerged breakwater. Under the condition of low cost input, the mode that the submerged dikes are periodically raised at intervals is utilized to realize the vertical elevation staggered change of the mangrove forest, so that under the action of wave tide, more shear layers can be generated, and the wave-absorbing and flow-blocking capacity of the mangrove forest is promoted.
According to the invention, the periodic lifting action of the submerged dikes on the mangrove forest is utilized to realize that the plant canopy area of the next row and the stem area of the previous row are positioned at the same elevation, the canopy with obvious wave absorbing capability of the next row is utilized to make up for the defect of wave absorbing difference of the stem areas of the mangrove forest, and the wave absorbing and flow blocking effects of the mangrove forest are maximized.
The existence of the submerged dike can further enable incoming wave to generate more energy dissipation and even achieve complete attenuation on the basis of wave elimination and flow resistance of mangroves; the existence of the submerged dike can reduce bending deformation and damage phenomena of mangrove forest under the condition of strong sea conditions to a great extent, not only can reduce the relative motion of mangrove and waves and improve the wave and flow resistance effect, but also can avoid the phenomenon that the mangrove forest is damaged and lost in a large scale. In addition, the arrangement scale of the mangrove forest in the past can be greatly reduced, the cost and the land investment are reduced, a crucial technical problem in coastal engineering is solved, in addition, the resistance of each part of the mangrove on waves and tides is fully utilized to form energy attenuation, the defect of poor wave absorbing capability of the submerged dike on surface waves can be overcome, the destructive effect of extreme sea conditions such as storm surge and the like on the submerged dike can be weakened, and the construction of the ecological breakwater for coupling the mangrove forest and the submerged dike is realized.
The ecological breakwater with the mangrove forest coupled with the submerged dike is easy to realize and high in reliability, and by combining the wave-absorbing and flow-blocking characteristics of the submerged dike and the mangrove forest, the functions of the mangrove forest and the submerged dike are coupled to form the ecological breakwater which is mutually promoted, so that the ecological breakwater plays an active role in promoting the marine ecological environment and the comprehensive construction of marine ecological barriers in China. The novelty, economic value and practicability are very obvious.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the structural arrangement of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a top view of the structural arrangement of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. incident wave direction, 2 high tide level, 3 crown, 4 stem, 5 root, 6 dyke core stone, 7 rubble layer, 8 backfill soil layer, 9 protective surface, 10 rubble protective bottom and 11 low tide level.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are further described below, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, an embodiment of the present invention is described by taking a mangrove as an example, and the embodiment provides an ecological breakwater in which the mangrove is coupled with a submerged dike, which is composed of the mangrove and the submerged dike, wherein the rigid mangrove is composed of a crown, a stem and a root; the submerged dike is internally and sequentially composed of dike core stones, a throwing block stone layer, a backfill soil layer and a protective surface from inside to outside.
The submerged dikes are periodically arranged at intervals of 4 meters, the width of the dike top is 3 meters, and the height of the submerged dike is 1.5 meters. The mangrove consists of tree crown, tree stem and tree root, the height of the mature period is about 3.5 m, the mangrove is planted on the top of the submerged dike and the seabed in sequence by row, and the row spacing is 8 m. The mangrove forest forms vertical elevation staggered change under the spacing raising action of the submerged dikes. Vertical elevation staggering can enable mangroves to generate more shear layers when the mangroves interact with waves and tides, so that hydrodynamic energy dissipation is increased, and wave-absorbing and flow-blocking capabilities of the mangroves are enhanced.
The mangrove planting row interval is 4 meters, and the distribution form is arranged according to rectangle regularity, ensures that mangrove forest supplies water sufficient, and the illumination is sufficient, does benefit to the growth.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the height of the mangrove crown on the submerged dike is preferably the high tide position of the area; the height of the mangrove crown on the seabed is preferably the low tide position of the area, so as to enhance the wave-absorbing and wave-preventing functions.
The ecological breakwater for coupling the mangrove forest and the submerged dike in the embodiment is composed of a plurality of submerged dikes and mangroves which are arranged at intervals and periodically. The submerged dikes are arranged at intervals, plants are sequentially planted on the tops of the submerged dikes and the seabed in a row unit, and the mangroves form vertical elevation staggered changes under the action of the interval lifting of the submerged dikes. Vertical elevation staggering can enable mangrove forests to generate more shear layers when the mangrove forests interact with waves and tides, so that hydrodynamic energy dissipation is increased, and wave-absorbing and flow-blocking capabilities of the mangrove forests are enhanced.
In consideration of the energy dissipation characteristic of mangroves on wave water flow, wave dissipation areas are mainly concentrated on a crown layer and a root system, wave dissipation effects of tree stem areas are very small, and submerged dikes are periodically arranged at intervals, so that the crown layer areas of the next row of mangroves and the tree stem areas of the previous row of mangroves are located at the same elevation, the defect that the traditional mangrove stem areas with the same height are poor in wave dissipation and flow blocking effects is overcome, and the wave dissipation and flow blocking effects of the mangroves are improved to the maximum extent; moreover, the mangrove vertical elevation changes and arranges, with the canopy region lifting that the wave absorption characteristic is most showing to improve effective wave absorption water level, especially exert the ecological bank protection ability of mangrove under extreme sea conditions such as storm surge more.
The height of the submerged dike is the sum of the heights of the trunk and the roots, the submerged dike is periodically arranged on the seabed at intervals, and dyke core stones, block stones, backfill soil and a protective surface are sequentially filled in the dike, so that not only can plants be stably planted on the submerged dike, but also the elevation of the next row of mangrove canopies can be ensured to be equal to the elevation of the last row of mangrove stems; the width of the top of the dike is about the width of the mangrove canopy in the mature period, so that the reasonable interval of mangrove forest is ensured, the illumination is sufficient, and the growth is facilitated.
On the basis of mangrove wave elimination and flow resistance, the combined action of a plurality of submerged dikes can further enable incoming wave to generate larger energy dissipation, even achieve complete attenuation; the existence of the submerged dike can reduce the bending deformation phenomenon of the mangrove forest under the condition of strong sea conditions to a great extent, not only can reduce the relative motion of the mangrove and waves and improve the wave-absorbing and flow-blocking effects, but also can avoid the phenomenon that the mangrove forest is damaged and lost in a large scale. In addition, the arrangement scale of the conventional mangrove forest can be greatly reduced, and the cost and the land investment are reduced.
The energy attenuation is formed by utilizing the resistance of each part of the mangrove forest to waves and tide, so that the defect of poor wave absorbing capability of the submerged dike to surface waves can be overcome, the destructive effect of extreme sea conditions such as storm surge and the like to the submerged dike can be weakened, and the construction of the ecological breakwater for coupling the mangrove forest and the submerged dike is realized.
When the mangrove forest is in the young period of the initial planting, the arranged submerged dike can weaken the wave action to a certain extent, and the mangrove forest can thrive in the young period.
Of course, the above is only a specific application example of the present invention, and other embodiments of the present invention are also within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. An ecological breakwater with coupled mangrove and submerged dike is characterized in that the ecological breakwater comprises the mangrove and the submerged dike; the submerged dikes are arranged along the direction of a vertical shoreline at a set interval; the mangrove forest is arranged on the top of the submerged dikes and the seabed between the submerged dikes.
2. The ecological breakwater in which the mangrove forest is coupled with the submerged dike according to claim 1, wherein the submerged dike has a height as high as the bottom of the crown of the mature mangrove forest disposed on the seabed, and the width of the top of the dike is the width of the crown of the mature mangrove forest.
3. The ecological breakwater in which the mangrove forest is coupled with the submerged dike according to claim 2, wherein the submerged dike is internally provided with dyke core stones, block stones, backfill soil and a protective surface in sequence from inside to outside.
4. The ecological breakwater in which the mangrove forest is coupled with the submerged dike according to claim 2, wherein the submerged dike has a trapezoidal section.
5. The ecological breakwater in which the mangrove forest and the submerged dike are coupled as claimed in claim 3, wherein the dike is provided with riprap revetment at the contact part of the two side revetment of the submerged dike and the seabed.
6. The ecological breakwater in which the mangrove forest is coupled with the submerged dike according to claim 1, wherein the number of the rows of the mangrove forest above the top of the submerged dike is single row, and the number of the rows of the mangrove forest on the seabed is single row or multiple rows.
7. The ecological breakwater in which the mangrove forest is coupled with the submerged dike according to claim 1, wherein a canopy region of the mangrove forest disposed on the seabed is located at the same elevation as a stem region of the mangrove forest on the adjacent offshore-side submerged dike.
8. The ecological breakwater in which the mangrove forest is coupled with the submerged dike according to claim 1, wherein the number of the submerged dikes is one or more rows.
9. The ecological breakwater with the mangrove forest coupled with the submerged breakwater as claimed in claim 2, wherein the horizontal distance between two adjacent rows of mangrove forest is not less than four meters, the distance between the plants in the same row is not less than four meters, and the arrangement form is selected from regular arrangement or staggered arrangement.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010043755.5A CN111206538A (en) | 2020-01-15 | 2020-01-15 | Mangrove and submerged dike coupled ecological breakwater |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010043755.5A CN111206538A (en) | 2020-01-15 | 2020-01-15 | Mangrove and submerged dike coupled ecological breakwater |
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| CN111206538A true CN111206538A (en) | 2020-05-29 |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112681220A (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2021-04-20 | 福州大学 | Mangrove forest ecological breakwater with stepped drop energy dissipation and working method thereof |
| CN113179847A (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2021-07-30 | 华盛丰生态(深圳)有限公司 | Mangrove forest suitable land construction method based on oyster reefs |
| CN114086503A (en) * | 2021-07-06 | 2022-02-25 | 中船第九设计研究院工程有限公司 | Biological migration channel for submerged dike and mangrove combined ecological coast |
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2020
- 2020-01-15 CN CN202010043755.5A patent/CN111206538A/en active Pending
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112681220A (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2021-04-20 | 福州大学 | Mangrove forest ecological breakwater with stepped drop energy dissipation and working method thereof |
| CN113179847A (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2021-07-30 | 华盛丰生态(深圳)有限公司 | Mangrove forest suitable land construction method based on oyster reefs |
| CN114086503A (en) * | 2021-07-06 | 2022-02-25 | 中船第九设计研究院工程有限公司 | Biological migration channel for submerged dike and mangrove combined ecological coast |
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Application publication date: 20200529 |