CN111205918A - 一种加气砖环保脱模剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种加气砖环保脱模剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111205918A
CN111205918A CN202010055792.8A CN202010055792A CN111205918A CN 111205918 A CN111205918 A CN 111205918A CN 202010055792 A CN202010055792 A CN 202010055792A CN 111205918 A CN111205918 A CN 111205918A
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陈力军
杨瑞卿
杨志
李绩
桑颖慧
郑力菲
闫旭苏
史毅清
贾迎泽
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Shanxi Academy Of Architectural Sciences Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种加气砖环保脱模剂及其制备方法,涉及新型建筑材料技术领域。所述脱模剂中各组分质量百分比如下:环保基础油25%~50%,复合乳化剂5‰~4%,增粘聚合物1‰~2%,功能性添加剂1%~2%,其余量为水;所述制备方法包括以下步骤:a)先将环保基础油与复合乳化剂进行充分搅拌,然后加入一定量的水b)待乳液变为乳白色加入增粘聚合物继续搅拌1~2小时,形成稳定的乳白色乳液出料。本发明一方面解决了传统脱模剂采用废机油所产生的污染问题,另一方面能使砌砖形成均匀光滑的表面,节约材料成本。

Description

一种加气砖环保脱模剂及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及新型建筑材料技术领域,具体涉及一种加气砖环保脱模剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
加气混凝土砌块具有轻质、高强、耐火保温和良好的加工性能,与传统建材相比可以大大减轻建筑物的自重,在承重结构中可减小材料截面面积提高建筑物的稳定性及灵活性,改善墙体的保温隔热效应,是一种理想的新型建材。
目前加气混凝土砌块脱模剂主要采用废机油或废柴油,加入乳化剂、水搅拌乳化均匀后辊涂或喷涂到模板表面。由于废机油中含有废酸、重金属、芳香类有机化合物等有毒物质,会对人体的呼吸系统及神经系统造成损害,对操作人员危害极大,因此国家明令禁止随意买卖使用废机油。同时考虑到乳化剂的绿色和安全,烷基酚聚醚类乳化剂毒性偏高,已经被限制使用。专利CN 106433939A公开了一种新型加气混凝土环保脱模剂及其制备和使用方法,该方法采用废机油作为原料油制备了脱模剂,存在毒性及致癌性,环保危害大;专利CN 105695068A公开了一种加气砖脱模油及其制备方法,该方法采用松柏油、皂角油、甘油部分替代废机油可使加气砖更易脱模,然而该方法中松柏油、皂角油、甘油的价格较高,所用脱模油制备周期长,工艺复杂,造成了成本的大幅提高,而且含有部分废机油,也存在毒性的问题。
发明内容
针对现有技术中采用废机油或废柴油存在对人体和环境危害大,采用植物油替代部分废机油或废柴油存在毒性和致癌性,同时制备周期长,工艺复杂和成本高的问题,本发明提供一种加气砖环保脱模剂的制备方法,改善了操作环境,提升了脱模效果。
为了达到上述目的,本发明采用了下列技术方案:
一种加气砖环保脱模剂,所述加气砖脱模剂中的各组分质量百分比为:环保基础油25%~75%,复合乳化剂5‰~4%,增黏聚合物1‰~2%,功能性添加剂1%~2%,其余量为水。
优选地,所述环保基础油为基础油中的100N,150N,250N,350N或500N中的一种或几种任意比例的混合物。
优选地,所述复合乳化剂为非离子表面活性剂中的脂肪醇醚类、聚氧乙烯酰胺类、聚氧乙烯脂肪胺类、脂肪酸酯类或多元醇脂肪酸酯类中的两种或两种以上任意比例的混合物。
优选地,所述增黏聚合物为甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、聚乙烯醇、聚氧化乙烯、聚丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸酯共聚物、缔合型聚氨酯、月桂醇、硬脂酸、膨润土或水溶性淀粉中的一种或几种任意比例的混合物。
优选地,所述功能性添加剂为对羟基苯甲酸乙酯、卡松、油酸酯、磺酸盐、十二烯基丁二酸或甲基硅油中的一种或几种任意比例的混合物。
一种加气砖环保脱模剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1,在常温常压下,先将环保基础油与复合乳化剂进行机械搅拌,然后加入水继续搅拌,形成乳液;
步骤2,待乳液变为乳白色,加入增黏聚合物和功能性添加剂继续搅拌,形成稳定的乳液,出料,得到加气砖环保脱模剂。
优选地,所述步骤1中机械搅拌的转速为200~2000r/min,时间为20~60min。
优选地,所述步骤2中搅拌的转速为200~2000r/min,搅拌时间为1~2h。
与现有技术相比本发明具有以下优点:
本发明的加气砖环保脱模剂是以环保基础油为原料,不添加废机油、废柴油、废液压油等具有刺激性、致癌性的废油,使产品符合环保要求。
本发明采用了绿色环保的复合乳化剂,不添加烷基酚类等中高毒性的乳化剂,不仅保证了复合乳化剂的绿色环保而且起到了良好的脱模效果,具体见附图,图1a是现有技术中采用废机油作脱模剂时脱模后模框效果图,图1b是采用本发明技术方案作脱模剂时脱模后模框效果图。从图中可清晰的看出用废机油作脱模剂在脱模后模框表面物料残留较多,进而影响坯体的完整性,有时甚至导致坯体缺角或者脱落,影响产品质量;而采用本发明方案制备的脱模剂在脱模后模框表面干净整洁,无物料残留,进而能够保证得到的气砖坯体外表面完整,不存在缺角和脱落现象。
本发明脱模剂通过调整增黏聚合物和功能性添加剂的含量,来调整产品黏度,使其黏度适中,施工时刷涂无流挂,喷涂不堵枪,可以满足刷涂、辊涂、喷涂等多种施工方法,而且可以满足不同季节、不同温度环境下的施工要求。同时由于本发明制备的脱模剂产品中不含腐蚀性原材料,能够对模框起到很好的保护作用,经过稳定性试验,证明本发明制备的脱模剂可保持三个月无分层现象,确保了乳液的稳定性。
总之,本发明采用环保矿物基础油作为油性组分,不含固体杂质,也不含有害金属及挥发性有机物,无刺激性气味;本发明所采用的复合乳化剂不含烷基酚聚醚类乳化剂,性能温和,所制备的脱模剂乳液外观呈乳白色(见图2b),相比于废机油脱模剂(见图2a)所呈现的黑色或褐色,不仅视觉效果好,而且环保无味,是一种绿色环保的产品。同时本发明采用的原料环保,纯度高,最终得到的脱模剂产品环保无刺激性气味且体系均匀稳定,形成的油膜无气泡,无裂隙,脱模后模板表面光洁无残渣,脱模效果显著。
附图说明
图1a是现有技术中采用废机油作脱模剂时脱模后模框效果图;
图1b是采用本发明技术方案作脱模剂时脱模后模框效果图;
图2a是现有技术中采用废机油作脱模剂时样品图;
图2b是采用本发明技术方案作脱模剂时样品图。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。
实施例1
一种加气砖脱模剂,由下列组分质量百分比组成:150N型环保基础油35%,由质量比为1:1的十二烷基醇聚氧乙烯(9)醚和山梨醇酐单油酸酯组成的复合乳化剂2%,羟乙基纤维素1.5%,对羟基苯甲酸乙酯1.5%,其余量为水。
制备方法为:
步骤1,在常温常压下,先将150N型环保基础油与复合乳化剂进行机械搅拌,转速为1000r/min,时间为10min,然后加入水继续搅拌,转速为1000r/min,时间为50min,形成乳液;
步骤2,待乳液变为乳白色加入羟乙基纤维素1.5%和对羟基苯甲酸乙酯1.5%继续搅拌,转速为1000r/min,时间为1h,形成稳定的乳液出料,经测定,脱模剂乳液25℃的黏度为430mPa·S。
将本实施例制备的加气砖脱模剂在2000r/min的条件下离心10分钟,未见水和油析出,室温静置密封储存三个月,未见分层现象。
将本实施制备的加气砖脱模剂和现有技术中采用废机油作脱模剂同时在某一加气砖厂房进行试验,试验结果见图1,图1a是现有技术中采用废机油作脱模剂时脱模后模框效果图,图1b是采用本发明技术方案作脱模剂时脱模后模框效果图。从图中可清晰的看出用废机油作脱模剂在脱模后模框表面物料残留较多,进而影响坯体的完整性,有时甚至导致坯体缺角或者脱落,影响产品质量;而采用本发明方案制备的脱模剂在脱模后模框表面干净整洁,无物料残留,进而能够保证得到的气砖坯体外表面完整,不存在缺角和脱落现象。
图2a是现有技术中采用废机油制备的脱模剂,其外观呈黑色;图2b是本实施例制备的脱模剂,可清晰的看出其乳液外观呈乳白色。
实施例2
一种加气砖脱模剂,由下列组分质量百分比组成:250N型环保基础油45%,由质量比为1:2的丙三醇单硬脂酸酯和聚氧乙烯(20)脱水山梨醇单油酸酯组成的复合乳化剂3%,丙烯酸酯聚合物1%,油酸酯2%,其余量为水。
制备方法为:
步骤1,在常温常压下,先将250N型环保基础油与复合乳化剂进行机械搅拌,转速为300r/min,时间为15min,然后加入水继续搅拌,转速为300r/min,时间为45min,形成乳液;
步骤2,待乳液变为乳白色加入丙烯酸酯聚合物1%和油酸酯2%继续搅拌,转速为300r/min,时间为1.5h,形成稳定的乳液出料,经测定,脱模剂乳液25℃的黏度为510mPa·S。
将本实施例制备的加气砖脱模剂在2000r/min的条件下离心10分钟,未见水和油析出,室温静置密封储存三个月,未见分层现象。
产品效果同实施例1。
实施例3
一种加气砖脱模剂,由下列组分质量百分比组成:500N型环保基础油50%,由质量比为1:1:1的月桂酸聚氧乙烯(9)酯和十二胺聚氧乙烯(10)醚和烷醇酰胺6501组成的复合乳化剂1.5%,水溶性淀粉1.5%,十二烯基丁二酸2%,其余量为水。
制备方法为:
步骤1,在常温常压下,先将500N型环保基础油与复合乳化剂进行机械搅拌,转速为700r/min,时间为20min,然后加入水继续搅拌,转速为700r/min,时间为50min,形成乳液;
步骤2,待乳液变为乳白色加入水溶性淀粉1.5%和十二烯基丁二酸2%继续搅拌,转速为700r/min,时间为2h,形成稳定的乳液出料,经测定,脱模剂乳液25℃的黏度为580mPa·S。
将本实施例制备的加气砖脱模剂在2000r/min的条件下离心10分钟,未见水和油析出,室温静置密封储存三个月,未见分层现象。
产品效果同实施例1。
实施例4
一种加气砖脱模剂,由下列组分质量百分比组成:250N型环保基础油60%,由质量比为2:1的十八伯胺聚氧乙烯(15)醚和甘油单月桂酸酯组成的复合乳化剂2%,聚丙烯酰胺6‰,质量比1:1的甲基硅油和磺酸钠组成的混合物1.2%,其余量为水。
制备方法为:
步骤1,在常温常压下,先将250N型环保基础油与复合乳化剂进行机械搅拌,转速为1500r/min,时间为15min,然后加入水继续搅拌,转速为1500r/min,时间为45min,形成乳液;
步骤2,待乳液变为乳白色加入聚丙烯酰胺6‰和质量比1:1的甲基硅油和磺酸钠组成的混合物1.2%继续搅拌,转速为1500r/min,时间为1.5h,形成稳定的乳液出料,经测定,脱模剂乳液25℃的黏度为680mPa·S。
将本实施例制备的加气砖脱模剂在2000r/min的条件下离心10分钟,未见水和油析出,室温静置密封储存三个月,未见分层现象。
产品效果同实施例1。
实施例5
一种加气砖脱模剂,由下列组分质量百分比组成:由质量比1:1的100N型和350N型基础油组成的环保基础油70%,由质量比为1:2:1的异构十三烷基醇聚氧乙烯(7)醚和三乙醇胺油酸酯和硬脂酸聚氧乙烯(6)酯组成的复合乳化剂2.5%,质量比1:1的缔合型聚氨酯和膨润土的混合物8‰,卡松1%,其余量为水。
制备方法为:
步骤1,在常温常压下,先将环保基础油与复合乳化剂进行机械搅拌,转速为2000r/min,时间为20min,然后加入水继续搅拌,转速为2000r/min,时间为60min,形成乳液;
步骤2,待乳液变为乳白色加入质量比1:1的缔合型聚氨酯和膨润土的混合物8‰和卡松1%继续搅拌,转速为2000r/min,时间为1.8h,形成稳定的乳液出料,经测定,脱模剂乳液25℃的黏度为820mPa·S。
将本实施例制备的加气砖脱模剂在2000r/min的条件下离心10分钟,未见水和油析出,室温静置密封储存三个月,未见分层现象。
产品效果同实施例1。
以上实施例并非限制本发明所描述的技术和制备方法,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

1.一种加气砖环保脱模剂,其特征在于,所述加气砖脱模剂中的各组分质量百分比为:环保基础油25%~75%,复合乳化剂5‰~4%,增黏聚合物1‰~2%,功能性添加剂1%~2%,其余量为水。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种加气砖环保脱模剂,其特征在于,所述环保基础油为基础油中的100N,150N,250N,350N,500N中的一种或几种任意比例的混合物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种加气砖环保脱模剂,其特征在于,所述复合乳化剂为非离子表面活性剂中的脂肪醇醚类、聚氧乙烯酰胺类、聚氧乙烯脂肪胺类、脂肪酸酯类或多元醇脂肪酸酯类中的两种或两种以上任意比例的混合物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种加气砖环保脱模剂,其特征在于,所述增黏聚合物为甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、聚乙烯醇、聚氧化乙烯、聚丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸酯共聚物、缔合型聚氨酯、月桂醇、硬脂酸、膨润土或水溶性淀粉中的一种或几种任意比例的混合物。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种加气砖环保脱模剂,其特征在于,所述功能性添加剂为对羟基苯甲酸乙酯、卡松、油酸酯、磺酸盐、十二烯基丁二酸或甲基硅油中的一种或几种任意比例的混合物。
6.一种加气砖环保脱模剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤1,在常温常压下,先将环保基础油与复合乳化剂进行机械搅拌,然后加入水继续搅拌,形成乳液;
步骤2,待乳液变为乳白色后,加入增黏聚合物和功能性添加剂继续搅拌,形成稳定的乳液,出料,得到加气砖环保脱模剂。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种加气砖环保脱模剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤1中机械搅拌的转速为200~2000r/min,时间为10~60min。
8.根据权利要求6所述的一种加气砖环保脱模剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤2中搅拌的转速为200~2000r/min,搅拌时间为1~2h。
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