CN111183934A - Outdoor artificial breeding method for acerola - Google Patents
Outdoor artificial breeding method for acerola Download PDFInfo
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- CN111183934A CN111183934A CN202010122672.5A CN202010122672A CN111183934A CN 111183934 A CN111183934 A CN 111183934A CN 202010122672 A CN202010122672 A CN 202010122672A CN 111183934 A CN111183934 A CN 111183934A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/13—Prevention or treatment of fish diseases
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
- A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/189—Enzymes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
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Abstract
The invention provides an outdoor artificial breeding method of acerola, which comprises the following steps: (1) seedling preparation: selecting an outdoor pond, introducing seawater through a water pipe, wherein a pretreatment layer is arranged in the water pipe, filled with peanut shell powder and chitosan, and finally introduced into the outdoor pond through a filter screen; (2) and (3) staged cultivation: in the first stage, the water depth is controlled to be 1-1.4 m, the newly hatched larvae of acerola gobies are put into an outdoor pond, and powdery feed is fed for 1-15 days, wherein the raw materials of the powdery feed comprise: bean pulp, spirulina powder, antibacterial peptide, mango leaf extract and betel nut leaf extract; in the second stage, in 16-35 days, the water depth is controlled to be 1.5-2.5 m, and fermented feed is fed, wherein the raw materials comprise: corncob, coconut pulp, lactic acid bacteria, cellulase and bamboo rat manure. The method has the advantages of high survival rate of the giant tiger fish fries, low coefficient of variation and specification meeting the requirements. And moreover, the fry has stronger temperature tolerance, can resist the change of water temperature and can meet the culture requirements of more areas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of grouper seedling culture, in particular to an outdoor artificial seedling culture method of acerola.
Background
Epinephelus fuscoguttatus belonging to the order Perciformes, the family Sermonidae and the genus Epinephelus, also known as Epinephelus fuscoguttatus and Epinephelus fuscoguttatus, are distributed in sea areas such as the east coast of Red sea, Africa, to Pacific Paenian, North Dayunyu Islands, south China to Australia, Taiwan islands, Orychophragma and Pentium estonianum, have a perching depth of 1-60 m and a body length of 120 cm, belong to the class of warm water-retaining peri and coral reef fishes, and live in coral reefs and lagoons with clear water quality. Carnivorous, eating fish, cephalopods and crustaceans, can be used as edible fish, cultured fish and ornamental fish. The Epinephelus coioides is powerful in ingestion and fast in growth, and is widely applied to breeding production.
Epinephelus majoranus, Epinephelus tukula, commonly known as Epinephelus jinglensis and Epinephelus nigricans, are fishes of the genus Epinephelus of the family Serubidae of the order Perciformes of the class Aphididae of the order Aphididae, are only second in body type to Epinephelus lanceolatus, grow faster and are species of Epinephelus malabaricus with great future culture. Is distributed in western Pacific region of India, from red sea, east Africa to Queensland sea region of Australia, has a perching depth of 10-150 m, a body length of 200 cm and a weight of 110 kg, and is a world-famous and warm water-soluble fish.
The giant tiger spot is obtained by hybridizing female giant grouper serving as a female parent and male giant grouper serving as a male parent, and the conventional seedling culture method is adopted, so that the variation coefficient is high, the temperature resistance is poor, and the culture requirements of different regions cannot be met. Therefore, an outdoor artificial seedling raising method of acerola is urgently needed to solve the technical problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides an outdoor artificial breeding method of acerola, which has the advantages of low breeding variation coefficient, high survival rate and strong temperature resistance, and provides a good foundation for maintaining high-quality breeding in different areas.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
an outdoor artificial breeding method of acerola comprises the following steps:
(1) seedling preparation: selecting an outdoor pond, introducing seawater through a water pipe, wherein a pretreatment layer is arranged in the water pipe, the pretreatment layer is filled with peanut shell powder and chitosan, the peanut shell powder is prepared by crushing peanut shell powder, and finally the peanut shell powder is introduced into the outdoor pond through a filter screen;
(2) and (3) staged cultivation:
the first stage is that the water depth is controlled to be 1-1.4 m, the newly hatched larva of the hybrid species of the Epinephelus coioides and the Epinephelus cyaneus of the blue body is put into an outdoor pond, and the powdery feed is fed after 1-15 days, wherein the powdery feed comprises the following raw materials: bean pulp, spirulina powder, antibacterial peptide, mango leaf extract and betel nut leaf extract, wherein the mango leaf extract and the betel nut leaf extract can be commercially available products; the daily dosage is 12-18% of the weight of the fish, and the daily dosage is 1-3 times;
in the second stage, on 16-35 days, controlling the water depth to be 1.5-2.5 m, and feeding fermented feed, wherein the fermented feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: the feed is prepared from corncobs, coconut meal, lactic acid bacteria, cellulase, eucheuma and bamboo rat manure, the daily dose is 20-25% of the weight of fish, and the daily dose is 2-4 times.
Further, the diameter of the water pipe is 20-30 cm, and the distance between the pretreatment layer and the inlet of the water pipe is 30-50 cm.
Further, the pretreatment layer is filled with 1-2kg of peanut shell powder and 0.3-0.5kg of chitosan.
Further, the powdery feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 8-10 parts of soybean meal, 1.2-1.5 parts of spirulina powder, 0.8-1.2 parts of antibacterial peptide, 3-5 parts of mango leaf extract and 5-7 parts of betel nut leaf extract.
Further, the fermented feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 8-12 parts of corncobs, 3-5 parts of coconut meal, 1.3-1.8 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 4-6 parts of cellulase, 8-13 parts of eucheuma and 13-17 parts of bamboo rat manure.
Furthermore, the mass ratio of the peanut shell powder to the chitosan is 4: 1.
Furthermore, the betel nut leaf extract is prepared by crushing betel nut leaves, extracting with 2-4 times of absolute ethyl alcohol by weight, filtering an extracting solution, concentrating and drying.
Further, the fermentation temperature is 37-43 ℃, and the fermentation time is 48 h.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a novel outdoor seedling culture method for hybrid seeds of Epinephelus coioides and Epinephelus cyaneus, and an outdoor pond is selected, and a good water environment is provided for seedling culture by utilizing pretreated seawater; feeding powdery feed prepared from soybean meal, spirulina powder, antibacterial peptide, mango leaf extract and betel nut leaf extract at the early stage, and feeding fermented feed prepared from coconut meal, lactic acid bacteria, cellulase, corncob, eucheuma and bamboo rat feces at the middle and later stages, so as to provide good nutrient substances for fry and improve the disease resistance of the fry; and the water level is continuously adjusted in the culture process, the water space is continuously enlarged, and the growth of the fry can be stimulated. By adopting the fry breeding method, the disease resistance of the fry is comprehensively improved, the variation is reduced, and the adaptability to different environments is improved. The outdoor breeding method of the invention has the advantages of high survival rate of the giant tiger fish fry, low variation coefficient and specification meeting the requirement. And moreover, the fry has strong temperature tolerance, can resist the change of water temperature, can meet the culture requirements of more areas, and provides a good foundation for maintaining high-quality culture in different areas.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical content of the invention, specific examples are provided below to further illustrate the invention.
The experimental methods used in the examples of the present invention are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
The materials, reagents and the like used in the examples of the present invention can be obtained commercially without specific description.
Example 1
An outdoor artificial breeding method of acerola comprises the following steps:
(1) seedling preparation: selecting an outdoor pond, introducing seawater through a water pipe, wherein the pipe diameter of the water pipe is about 25cm, a pretreatment layer is arranged in the water pipe, the distance between the pretreatment layer and an inlet of the water pipe is about 40cm, the pretreatment layer is filled with 1.6kg of peanut shell powder and 0.4kg of chitosan, and finally the seawater is introduced into the outdoor pond through a filter screen;
(2) and (3) staged cultivation:
the first stage is that the water depth is controlled to be 1-1.4 m (the water depth is 1m on the 1 st day, the water depth is increased by 0.02-0.03m every day from the day of the next day until the water depth is 1.4m), the newly hatched larva of the hybrid species of the Epinephelus coioides and the Epinephelus cyaneus of the blue body is put into an outdoor pond, and the powdery feed is fed on the 1 st-15 th day and comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 9 parts of soybean meal, 1.3 parts of spirulina powder, 1 part of antibacterial peptide, 4 parts of mango leaf extract and 6 parts of betel nut leaf extract, wherein the betel nut leaf extract is prepared by crushing betel nut leaves, extracting with 3 times of weight of absolute ethyl alcohol, filtering an extracting solution, concentrating and drying; the daily dosage is 12-18% of the weight of the fish, and the daily dosage is 1-3 times;
in the second stage, on 16-35 days, controlling the water depth to be 1.5-2.5 m (the water depth is 1.5m on 16 days, and the water depth is increased by 0.04-0.06m every day till 2.5m from the day of the next time), and feeding fermented feed, wherein the fermented feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of corncobs, 4 parts of coconut meal, 1.5 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 5 parts of cellulase, 11 parts of eucheuma and 16 parts of bamboo rat manure, wherein the fermentation temperature is 37-43 ℃, and the fermentation time is 48 hours; the daily dosage is 20-25% of the weight of the fish, and the daily dosage is 2-4 times.
Example 2
This embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that,
the pretreatment layer is filled with 1kg of peanut shell powder and 0.5kg of chitosan;
the powdery feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 8 parts of soybean meal, 1.2 parts of spirulina powder, 0.8 part of antibacterial peptide, 5 parts of betel nut leaf extract and 3 parts of mango leaf extract;
the fermented feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 8 parts of corncobs, 3 parts of coconut meal, 1.4 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 4 parts of cellulase, 9 parts of eucheuma and 13 parts of bamboo rat manure.
Example 3
This embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that,
the pretreatment layer is filled with 1.8kg of peanut shell powder and 0.3kg of chitosan;
the powdery feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of bean pulp, 1.5 parts of spirulina powder, 1.2 parts of antibacterial peptide, 7 parts of betel nut leaf extract and 5 parts of mango leaf extract;
the fermented feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12 parts of corncobs, 5 parts of coconut meal, 1.8 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 6 parts of cellulase, 13 parts of eucheuma and 17 parts of bamboo rat manure.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that the pretreatment layer was filled with peanut shell flour and replaced with walnut shell flour.
Comparative example 2
The present comparative example differs from example 1 in that in the powdered feed, both the betel nut leaf extract and the mango leaf extract were replaced with the betel nut extract.
Comparative example 3
The comparative example is different from example 1 in that corn cob, eucheuma and bamboo rat excrement are replaced by cobs, agar and duck manure respectively in the fermented feed.
Firstly, after 35 days of breeding are carried out in the examples 1 to 3 and the comparative examples 1 to 3, the survival rate of the breeding, the body length of the fry and the variation coefficient are counted, and the results are as follows:
| survival rate of seedling (%) | Average fry length (cm) | Coefficient of variation (%) | |
| Example 1 | 96.8 | 5.03 | 0.13 |
| Example 2 | 93.1 | 4.89 | 0.21 |
| Example 3 | 92.4 | 4.85 | 0.45 |
| Comparative example 1 | 85.7 | 4.23 | 1.08 |
| Comparative example 2 | 83.2 | 4.08 | 2.34 |
| Comparative example 3 | 80.3 | 3.72 | 2.89 |
The results show that the scissorhopus seedlings obtained by the seedling raising of the embodiment 1 to 3 have high survival rate and low variation coefficient, and the specification meets the requirements.
Secondly, the temperature resistance test is carried out on the fry obtained by raising the fry in the above examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-3. Putting the fry into a culture pond (water depth of 1.8-2.2m) for culture, wherein the stocking density is 30 tails/m3And feeding the commercial special feed for the groupers, wherein the feeding amount is 2-3% of the weight of the groupers (the feeding amount of each group is kept the same), and feeding for 3 times every day. The pH value of the water is 7.5-8.0, the salinity is 28-33 per mill, and the dissolved oxygen is more than 5 mg/L. Temperature resistance tests are carried out on each group of groupers at different water temperatures (20 ℃, 25 ℃ and 35 ℃), the death number of the groupers is recorded after 48 hours, the survival rate is counted, and the results are shown in the following table:
| 15℃ | 25℃ | 40℃ | |
| example 1 | 99.2％ | 99.5％ | 99.1％ |
| Example 2 | 98.6％％ | 99.2％ | 98.4 |
| Example 3 | 98.7％ | 99.4％ | 98.1％ |
| Comparative example 1 | 92.3％ | 98.2％ | 91.8％ |
| Comparative example 2 | 86.2％ | 98.6％ | 85.6％ |
| Comparative example 3 | 83.4％ | 96.5％ | 82.7％ |
The results show that the fry in the examples 1 to 3 have strong temperature tolerance, can resist the change of water temperature and can meet the culture requirements of more areas.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (8)
1. An outdoor artificial breeding method of acerola is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) seedling preparation: selecting an outdoor pond, introducing seawater through a water pipe, wherein a pretreatment layer is arranged in the water pipe, filled with peanut shell powder and chitosan, and finally introduced into the outdoor pond through a filter screen;
(2) and (3) staged cultivation:
the first stage is that the water depth is controlled to be 1-1.4 m, the newly hatched larva of the hybrid species of the Epinephelus coioides and the Epinephelus cyaneus of the blue body is put into an outdoor pond, and the powdery feed is fed after 1-15 days, wherein the powdery feed comprises the following raw materials: bean pulp, spirulina powder, antibacterial peptide, mango leaf extract and betel nut leaf extract; the daily dosage is 12-18% of the weight of the fish, and the daily dosage is 1-3 times;
in the second stage, on 16-35 days, controlling the water depth to be 1.5-2.5 m, and feeding fermented feed, wherein the fermented feed comprises the following raw materials: the feed is prepared from corncobs, coconut meal, lactic acid bacteria, cellulase, eucheuma and bamboo rat manure, the daily dose is 20-25% of the weight of fish, and the daily dose is 2-4 times.
2. The outdoor artificial breeding method of acerola according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the water pipe is 20-30 cm, and the distance between the pretreatment layer and the inlet of the water pipe is 30-50 cm.
3. An outdoor artificial breeding method of acerola according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the pretreatment layer is filled with 1-2kg of peanut shell powder and 0.3-0.5kg of chitosan.
4. The outdoor artificial breeding method of acerola according to claim 1, wherein the powdery feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 8-10 parts of soybean meal, 1.2-1.5 parts of spirulina powder, 0.8-1.2 parts of antibacterial peptide, 3-5 parts of mango leaf extract and 5-7 parts of betel nut leaf extract.
5. The outdoor artificial breeding method of acerola according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the fermented feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 8-12 parts of corncobs, 3-5 parts of coconut meal, 1.3-1.8 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 4-6 parts of cellulase, 8-13 parts of eucheuma and 13-17 parts of bamboo rat manure.
6. The outdoor artificial breeding method of acerola according to claim 3, wherein the mass ratio of the peanut shell powder to the chitosan is 4: 1.
7. The outdoor artificial seedling raising method for acerola according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the betel palm leaf extract is prepared by crushing betel palm leaves, extracting with 2-4 times of weight of absolute ethanol, filtering the extract, concentrating and drying.
8. The outdoor artificial breeding method of acerola according to claim 5, wherein the fermentation temperature is 37-43 ℃ and the fermentation time is 48 h.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102559545A (en) * | 2011-12-15 | 2012-07-11 | 北京大北农科技集团股份有限公司 | Composite micro-ecological preparation for aquatic product and premix thereof |
| CN105417614A (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2016-03-23 | 浙江省海洋水产研究所 | Heavy metal removal agent for mariculture water |
| CN110150188A (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2019-08-23 | 海南晨海水产有限公司 | A kind of artificial raise seedling method of epinephelus fuscoguttatus and the big spot grouper cenospecies of blue body |
| CN110150189A (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2019-08-23 | 海南晨海水产有限公司 | A kind of artificial fecundation method of epinephelus fuscoguttatus and the big spot grouper cenospecies of blue body |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102559545A (en) * | 2011-12-15 | 2012-07-11 | 北京大北农科技集团股份有限公司 | Composite micro-ecological preparation for aquatic product and premix thereof |
| CN105417614A (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2016-03-23 | 浙江省海洋水产研究所 | Heavy metal removal agent for mariculture water |
| CN110150188A (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2019-08-23 | 海南晨海水产有限公司 | A kind of artificial raise seedling method of epinephelus fuscoguttatus and the big spot grouper cenospecies of blue body |
| CN110150189A (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2019-08-23 | 海南晨海水产有限公司 | A kind of artificial fecundation method of epinephelus fuscoguttatus and the big spot grouper cenospecies of blue body |
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