CN111180877A - Substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna and control method thereof - Google Patents
Substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111180877A CN111180877A CN201911392786.5A CN201911392786A CN111180877A CN 111180877 A CN111180877 A CN 111180877A CN 201911392786 A CN201911392786 A CN 201911392786A CN 111180877 A CN111180877 A CN 111180877A
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- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
The application discloses integrated waveguide horn antenna of substrate and control method, integrated waveguide horn antenna of substrate includes: the device comprises a dielectric substrate, and a coaxial connector, a grounding coplanar waveguide, a transition structure from the grounding coplanar waveguide to a substrate integrated waveguide, a substrate integrated waveguide horn and a gradual change type radiation patch which are sequentially arranged. The coaxial connector is a radio frequency signal input end; the transition structure from the grounding coplanar waveguide to the substrate integrated waveguide is used for transmitting radio frequency signals; the substrate integrated waveguide horn is arranged behind the transition structure from the grounding coplanar waveguide to the substrate integrated waveguide and is used for radiating radio frequency energy; the gradual change type radiation patch is arranged behind the substrate integrated waveguide horn and used for increasing the bandwidth of the horn antenna; the loading medium substrate is arranged behind the gradual change type radiation patch and used for improving the gain of the horn antenna. The millimeter wave wireless communication system has the characteristics of simple structure, low section, easiness in integration and processing, low cost, large bandwidth and high gain, and the performance of the millimeter wave wireless communication system is greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of wireless communication and millimeter waves, in particular to a broadband high-gain substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna loaded with a gradual change type radiation patch and a dielectric substrate.
Background
With the development of 5G mobile communication, wireless communication technology and millimeter wave technology play more and more important roles in the production and life of people, and the performance requirements of people on wireless communication systems are higher and higher. As an essential component of a wireless communication system, antennas are widely used in military and commercial fields, such as radar, mobile communication, vehicle-mounted communication, satellite communication, millimeter wave imaging and communication, and the like. Due to the increasing shortage of low-frequency band spectrum resources, organizations such as the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in the united states have formulated a spectrum use plan of a millimeter wave band and have incorporated the millimeter wave band into a 5G mobile communication plan, but the attenuation of electromagnetic waves in the millimeter wave band is much greater than that in the low-frequency band, so how to realize a broadband high-gain antenna in the millimeter wave band becomes very important.
The horn antenna is the antenna most commonly used in the receiving and transmitting of radio, and has the characteristics of simple structure, simple and convenient feeding, wide bandwidth and high gain. However, the traditional horn antenna has large size and high weight, is not easy to integrate with a planar circuit, and has very high requirements on processing precision in a millimeter wave frequency band.
Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) is a new type of planar waveguide structure, which has the advantages of low cost, low profile, low complexity, and easy processing. In addition, since the feed structure of the SIW can use planar transmission lines such as microstrip lines and grounded coplanar waveguides (GCPW), the SIW is also easily integrated with a planar microwave circuit.
However, the reflection coefficient (| S) of the conventional SIW horn antenna of the prior art11I) is overall high, making its operating bandwidth very narrow. And the gain of the conventional SIW horn antenna of the prior art is low and unstable as a whole. That is, the conventional SIW horn antenna in the prior art generally has the disadvantages of narrow bandwidth, low gain, and the like.
Therefore, the prior art still needs to be improved and developed to address the above drawbacks.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide a substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna with a high broadband and a high gain to solve the problems of narrow bandwidth and low gain of the substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the application for solving the technical problem is as follows:
a substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna, wherein the substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna comprises:
a dielectric substrate for antenna printing;
the coaxial connector P1 is arranged at the foremost end of the dielectric substrate and is used for providing an excitation signal for the antenna;
the grounding coplanar waveguide W1 and the grounding coplanar waveguide-substrate integrated waveguide transition structure W2 which are arranged behind the coaxial connector P1 are sequentially connected and used for transmitting radio frequency signals;
the substrate integrated waveguide horn H1 is arranged behind the transition structure W2 from the grounded coplanar waveguide to the substrate integrated waveguide and is used for radiating radio frequency energy;
the gradual change type radiation patch is arranged behind the substrate integrated waveguide horn H1 and is used for increasing the bandwidth of the horn antenna;
the loading medium substrate L1 is arranged behind the gradient radiation patch and used for improving the gain of the horn antenna;
the substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna, wherein the coaxial connector P1 is composed of an outer conductor 51, an inner conductor 52 and an insulator 53, the insulator 53 is arranged between the outer conductor 51 and the inner conductor 52, and the inner conductor 52 is connected with the grounded coplanar waveguide W1 through a probe.
The substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna, wherein the center conductor of the grounded coplanar waveguide structure W1 is connected to the inner conductor 52 of the coaxial connector P1, and a signal is transmitted from the coaxial connector P1 to the grounded coplanar waveguide structure W1, and the transmitted electromagnetic wave mode is converted from the TEM mode to the quasi-TEM mode.
The substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna is characterized in that the transition structure W2 from the grounded coplanar waveguide to the substrate integrated waveguide is a trapezoidal grounded coplanar waveguide structure with a section of gradually widened central conductor, one end with smaller width is connected with the grounded coplanar waveguide W1, and the other end with larger width is connected with the substrate integrated waveguide horn H1.
The substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna is characterized in that the substrate integrated waveguide horn H1 is composed of metal sheets printed on two sides of a dielectric substrate and two rows of metal through holes, the metal through holes are divided into a first part and a second part, the first part is two rows of parallel metal through holes and is connected with a transition structure W2 from a grounded coplanar waveguide to a substrate integrated waveguide; the second part is a trapezoidal metal through hole and consists of two rows of metal through holes with opening angles of 22 degrees, and the radiation caliber of the horn antenna is formed; the two rows of metal through holes of the substrate integrated waveguide horn H1 are symmetrical along the central line of the grounded coplanar waveguide W1, signals are transmitted from the grounded coplanar waveguide W1 to the substrate integrated waveguide horn H1, and the transmitted electromagnetic wave mode is converted from a quasi-TEM mode to a TE mode10And (5) molding.
The substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna is characterized in that the gradual change type radiation patch G1 is composed of two rows of metal patch strips G1 and G2 with gradually reduced widths, the two rows of gradual change type metal patch strips G1 and G2 are respectively arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of a medium substrate, each row of patches are composed of 10 metal patches which are arranged in parallel, the two rows of gradual change type metal patch strips G1 and G2 are arranged up and down correspondingly, and the sizes of the upper surface metal patch strips and the lower surface metal patch strips are completely the same.
The substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna, wherein the two rows of gradually-changed metal patch strips of the radiation patch G1The strip g1, g2, the metal paster of each row extends outwards from the caliber of the substrate integrated waveguide horn H1, the width of each metal paster is reduced in sequence according to the arithmetic progression, and the width satisfies Wi1.9-0.1 × i (i ═ 1, 2, 3 … 10) (mm); and the ith gap and the ith metal patch form an ith pair of gaps-strips, and the width of each pair of gaps-strips is fixed as Wd＝1.9mm。
The shape of the gradual change type radiation patch G1 can be changed into a triangle, a trapezoid or an ellipse, and the bandwidth of the substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna can be effectively improved by loading the radiation patches.
The substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna is characterized in that the loading medium substrate L1 is arranged behind the gradient radiation patch G1 and is mainly used for improving the gain of the horn antenna.
The substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna is characterized in that the length of the loading medium substrate L1 is adjustable, and the loading medium substrate L1 is used for adjusting the length of the loading medium substrate L1 to improve the gain value of the horn antenna; the length of the loading medium substrate L1 has a direct influence on the gain of the horn antenna, and the gain of the horn antenna can be improved by adjusting the length of the loading medium substrate L1.
The shape of the loading dielectric substrate L1 can also be changed into an ellipse, and the gain of the substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna can be effectively improved by selecting the appropriate shape and size of the dielectric substrate.
A method for controlling the substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna, comprising the steps of:
arranging a dielectric substrate for antenna printing;
controlling the coaxial connector to provide an excitation signal to the antenna;
controlling the grounded coplanar waveguide and the grounded coplanar waveguide to be transmitted to the substrate integrated waveguide transition structure to carry out radio frequency signal transmission;
controlling the substrate integrated waveguide horn to radiate radio frequency energy;
controlling the gradual change type radiation patch to increase the bandwidth of the horn antenna to a preset value;
and controlling the loading medium substrate to increase the gain of the horn antenna to a specified value.
The application discloses integrated waveguide horn antenna of substrate and control method, integrated waveguide horn antenna of substrate includes: the device comprises a dielectric substrate, and a coaxial connector, a grounding coplanar waveguide, a transition structure from the grounding coplanar waveguide to a substrate integrated waveguide, a substrate integrated waveguide horn and a gradual change type radiation patch which are sequentially arranged. The coaxial connector is a radio frequency signal input end; the transition structure from the grounding coplanar waveguide to the substrate integrated waveguide is used for transmitting radio frequency signals; the substrate integrated waveguide horn is arranged behind the transition structure from the grounding coplanar waveguide to the substrate integrated waveguide and is used for radiating radio frequency energy; the gradual change type radiation patch is arranged behind the substrate integrated waveguide horn and used for increasing the bandwidth of the horn antenna; the loading medium substrate is arranged behind the gradual change type radiation patch and used for improving the gain of the horn antenna. The millimeter wave wireless communication system has the characteristics of simple structure, low section, easiness in integration and processing, low cost, large bandwidth and high gain, and the performance of the millimeter wave wireless communication system is greatly improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a preferred embodiment of a substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna according to the present application.
Fig. 2 is an exploded perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna of the present application.
Fig. 3 is a top view of a preferred embodiment of the substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna of the present application.
Fig. 4 is a bottom view of a preferred embodiment of the substrate integrated waveguide feedhorn of the present application.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a coaxial connector according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a tapered radiation patch according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a graph comparing gain curves corresponding to loaded dielectric substrates of different lengths according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8(1) is a top view of a SIW horn antenna loaded with a graded radiating patch according to the preferred embodiment of the substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna of the present application.
Fig. 8(2) is a top view of a SIW horn antenna loaded with a graded radiating patch and a dielectric substrate according to the preferred embodiment of the substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna of the present application.
Fig. 9 is a graph comparing reflection coefficients of the SIW horn antenna loaded with the graded radiation patch, the SIW horn antenna loaded with the graded radiation patch and the dielectric substrate according to the preferred embodiment of the substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna of the present application and a conventional SIW horn antenna of the prior art.
Fig. 10 is a comparison graph of gain curves of the SIW horn antenna loaded with the graded radiation patch, the SIW horn antenna loaded with the graded radiation patch and the dielectric substrate according to the preferred embodiment of the substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna of the present application and the prior art SIW horn antenna.
FIG. 11 shows E-plane and H-plane radiation patterns of the substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna of the present application at 21GHz, 25GHz, 29GHz, 34GHz and 38GHz, respectively.
Fig. 12 is a flowchart of a method for controlling a substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein: p1-coaxial connector, W1-grounded coplanar waveguide structure, W2-grounded coplanar waveguide-substrate integrated waveguide transition structure, H1-substrate integrated waveguide horn, G1-gradual change type radiation patch, L1-loading medium substrate, G1-upper surface gradual change type metal patch strip, G2-lower surface gradual change type metal patch strip, A1-upper surface metal patch, A2-lower surface metal patch, 51-outer conductor of coaxial connector, 52-inner conductor of coaxial connector, 53-insulator of coaxial connector.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer and clearer, the present application is further described in detail below by referring to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.
It should be noted that, if directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, and back … …) are involved in the embodiment of the present invention, the directional indications are only used to explain the relative positional relationship between the components, the movement situation, and the like in a specific posture (as shown in the drawing), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indications are changed accordingly.
In order to solve the problems of the substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna in the prior art that the defects of narrow bandwidth, low gain and the like generally exist, an embodiment of the invention provides a substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna with a broadband and high gain, wherein the antenna comprises: the device comprises a coaxial connector, a grounding coplanar waveguide, a transition structure from the grounding coplanar waveguide to a substrate integrated waveguide, a substrate integrated waveguide horn, a gradual change type radiation patch and a loading medium substrate. The coaxial connector is used as a radio frequency signal input end and is arranged at the foremost end of the dielectric substrate; the transition structures from the grounding coplanar waveguide to the substrate integrated waveguide are sequentially arranged behind the coaxial connector and are used for transmitting radio frequency signals; the substrate integrated waveguide horn is arranged behind the transition structure from the grounding coplanar waveguide to the substrate integrated waveguide and is used for radiating radio frequency energy; the gradual change type radiation patch is arranged behind the substrate integrated waveguide horn and used for increasing the bandwidth of the horn antenna; the loading medium substrate is arranged behind the gradual change type radiation patch and used for improving the gain of the horn antenna. The antenna has the characteristics of simple structure, low section, easy integration and processing, low cost, large bandwidth and high gain, and can greatly improve the performance of a millimeter wave wireless communication system.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3, and fig. 4, an embodiment of the present application provides a substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna, including:
a dielectric substrate for antenna printing;
the coaxial connector P1 is arranged at the foremost end of the dielectric substrate and is used for providing an excitation signal for the antenna;
the grounding coplanar waveguide W1 and the grounding coplanar waveguide-substrate integrated waveguide transition structure W2 which are arranged behind the coaxial connector P1 are sequentially connected and used for transmitting radio frequency signals;
the substrate integrated waveguide horn H1 is arranged behind the transition structure W2 from the grounded coplanar waveguide to the substrate integrated waveguide and is used for radiating radio frequency energy;
the gradual change type radiation patch G1 is arranged behind the substrate integrated waveguide horn H1, is equivalent to a cascade resonator and is used for increasing the bandwidth of a horn antenna;
the loading dielectric substrate L1 disposed behind the gradient radiation patch is equivalent to a dielectric lens, and is used for increasing the gain of the horn antenna.
The antenna has the characteristics of simple structure, low section, easy integration and processing, low cost, large bandwidth and high gain, and can greatly improve the performance of a millimeter wave wireless communication system.
Specifically, the coaxial connector P1 is composed of an outer conductor 51, an inner conductor 52, and an insulator 53, as shown in fig. 5. The insulator 53 is disposed between the outer conductor 51 and the inner conductor 52, the inner conductor 52 is connected to the top central conductor of the grounded coplanar waveguide structure W1 through a probe, and the outer conductor 51 is connected to the ground conductors on both sides of the top central conductor of the grounded coplanar waveguide structure W1 for supplying an excitation signal to the antenna.
Further, the center conductor of the grounded coplanar waveguide W1 is connected to the inner conductor 51 of the coaxial connector P1, and a signal is transmitted from the coaxial connector P1 to the grounded coplanar waveguide W1, and the transmitted electromagnetic wave mode is converted from the TEM mode to the quasi-TEM mode, so that the signal transmission loss is small. The transition structure W2 from the grounded coplanar waveguide to the substrate integrated waveguide is a trapezoidal grounded coplanar waveguide structure with a gradually widened central conductor, and the end with smaller width is connected with the grounded coplanar waveguide W1, and the end with larger width is connected with the substrate integrated waveguide horn H1, and is used for transmitting radio frequency signals.
Further, the substrate integrated waveguide horn H1 is composed of a metal sheet printed on both sides of the dielectric substrate and two rows of metal through holes, the metal through holes are divided into a first part and a second part, the first part is two rows of parallel metal through holes, and is connected with the transition structure W2 from the grounded coplanar waveguide to the substrate integrated waveguide; the second part is a trapezoidal metal through hole, which consists of two rows of metal through holes with preset opening angles, such as 22 degrees, and forms the radiation caliber of the horn antenna for the radiation of radio frequency energy; the two rows of metal through holes of the substrate integrated waveguide horn H1 are symmetrical along the central line of the grounded coplanar waveguide W1, signals are transmitted from the grounded coplanar waveguide W1 to the substrate integrated waveguide horn H1, and the transmitted electromagnetic wave mode is converted from a quasi-TEM mode to a TE mode10And (5) molding.
Further, as shown in fig. 3, 4 and 6: the radiation patch G1 is composed of an upper surface gradient metal patch strip G1 and a lower surface gradient metal patch strip G2, the two rows of gradient metal patch strips G1 and G2 are respectively arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the medium substrate, and each row of patches is formed by parallelly arranging a plurality of metal patches which are sequentially arranged in parallel and used for increasing the bandwidth of the horn antenna.
In this embodiment, preferably, 10 metal patches arranged in parallel are adopted, and two rows of gradient metal patch strips G1 and G2 are arranged up and down correspondingly to form 10 groups of parallel plate waveguides with gradually decreasing widths, each group of parallel plate waveguides is equivalent to one resonator, and the gradient radiation patch G1 may have a transition structure formed by cascading 10 resonators with different characteristic impedances, which is beneficial to improving impedance matching of an antenna, thereby improving bandwidth. In the invention, two rows of gradual change type metal patch strips G1 and G2 of the radiation patch G1 are provided, the metal patch of each row extends outwards from the caliber of the substrate integrated waveguide horn H1, the width of each metal patch is reduced in sequence according to an arithmetic progression, and the width of each metal patch meets Wi1.9-0.1 × i (i ═ 1, 2, 3 … 10) (mm); and the ith gap and the ith metal patch form an ith pair of gaps-strips, and the width of each pair of gaps-strips is fixed as Wd1.9 mm. The width of the gap is gradually widened, which is favorable for guiding the electromagnetic wave to radiate uniformly at each gapAnd the bandwidth and the gain of the antenna can be simultaneously improved.
Further, the loading dielectric substrate L1 is a rectangular dielectric substrate that is extended to a certain length behind the radiation patch G1, and is mainly used for increasing the gain of the horn antenna; the length of the loading medium substrate (L1) is adjustable, and the loading medium substrate (L1) is used for adjusting the length of the loading medium substrate to improve the gain value of the horn antenna. That is, the length of the loading dielectric substrate (L1) has a direct effect on the gain of the horn antenna, and the gain of the horn antenna can be improved by adjusting the length of the loading dielectric substrate, as shown in fig. 7, fig. 7 shows a comparison relationship between gain curves corresponding to loading dielectric substrates with different lengths. As can be seen from fig. 7, the increase of the length L of the dielectric substrate according to the present invention improves the gain value of the antenna, but the gain in the high frequency band is rather reduced after exceeding a certain value. For optimum bandwidth and gain, the length of the loading medium substrate (L1) of the invention is set to 44 mm. The dielectric substrate is made of RO4003C material, the thickness is 1.524mm, the dielectric constant of the material is 3.55, and the loss tangent angle is 0.0027.
Referring to fig. 8, 9 and 10: as can be seen from the data shown in fig. 8, 9 and 10, the substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna according to the embodiment of the present application can effectively perform impedance matching with the coaxial connector P1 and reduce insertion loss by using the grounded coplanar waveguide structure W1 and the grounded coplanar waveguide-to-substrate integrated waveguide transition structure W2 connected in sequence, so that the input impedance of the coaxial connector P1 can be smoothly transitioned to the substrate integrated waveguide horn H1, and the transmission efficiency of the input power is improved.
The substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna of the embodiment of the application utilizes the impedance characteristic of the radiation patch G1, and the mode and the characteristic of the radiation patch G1 to the free space radiation signal, the substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna is loaded behind the substrate integrated waveguide horn H1, so that the impedance of the aperture of the substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna can be gradually changed, the electromagnetic wave is guided to radiate along the end-fire direction of the horn, finally, the substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna and the free space are enabled to realize better impedance matching, the bandwidth is further widened, and the problems of narrow bandwidth and poor impedance matching of the substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna are effectively solved. And finally, the substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna obtains wider bandwidth and better impedance matching.
In an implementation manner, further, the substrate integrated waveguide horn H1 of the substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna according to the embodiment of the present application is composed of two rows of metal through holes spreading along the H-plane with a divergence angle of 22 degrees to form a horn aperture, which is the optimal aperture of the substrate integrated waveguide horn H1, and can maximize the directivity of the substrate integrated waveguide horn H1. The substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna then obtains the best performance.
Furthermore, the loaded dielectric substrate L1 behind the radiating patch G1 is extended to be equivalent to a dielectric lens, and the gain of the substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna is greatly improved by utilizing the phase calibration principle.
The coaxial connector P1 preferably has an inner conductor radius of 0.254mm and an outer conductor radius of 0.815mm, which facilitates setting the characteristic impedance of the coaxial connector P1 to 50 ohms; the width of a signal conductor of the grounding coplanar waveguide structure W1 is 1.2mm, the length of the signal conductor is 8mm, and the gap distance between a central conductor and a grounding conductor is 0.15mm, so that the resistance value of the grounding coplanar waveguide structure W1 is favorably set to 50 ohms; the width of the wide side of a signal conductor of the transition grounding coplanar waveguide structure W2 is 4mm, the length of the signal conductor is 6.2mm, and the smooth transition of the resistance value from the grounding coplanar waveguide structure W1 to the substrate integrated waveguide is facilitated; the radius of the two rows of metal through holes is 0.4mm, and the distance between the metal through holes is 1mm, so that the electromagnetic wave energy leakage can be prevented; the distance between the two rows of parallel metal through holes of the first part of the substrate integrated waveguide horn H1 is 4.8mm, which is beneficial to realizing the TE of the substrate integrated waveguide10The cutoff frequency of the mode is 19.3GHz, each row of the trapezoidal metal through holes in the second part comprises 21 metal through holes, and the opening angle is 22 degrees, so that the substrate integrated waveguide horn H1 can achieve good radiation; the length of each metal strip of the gradual change type radiation patch G1 is 22mm, which is beneficial to the achievement of good impedance matching of the gradual change type radiation patch G1; the length of the loading medium substrate L1 is 44mm, and the width is 25mm, which is beneficial for the antenna to realize higher gain.
Fig. 9 is a graph comparing reflection coefficients of a SIW horn antenna loaded with a graded radiation patch, a SIW horn antenna loaded with a graded radiation patch and a dielectric substrate according to a preferred embodiment of the substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna of the present application with those of a conventional SIW horn antenna of the prior art; the reflection coefficient mainly reflects the return loss characteristic of the antenna and is used for quantitatively analyzing the transmitting efficiency of the antenna, and the larger the value is, the worse the efficiency of the antenna is, and the better transmitting efficiency is achieved when the value is smaller than-10 dB.
As shown in fig. 9, the reflection coefficient of the conventional SIW horn antenna is the largest as a whole, and the reflection coefficient of the SIW horn antenna loaded with the graded radiation patch is smaller than that of the conventional SIW horn antenna as a whole and is smaller than-10 dB in a larger frequency range. And the reflection coefficients of the SIW antenna loaded with the gradient type radiation patch and the SIW antenna loaded with the medium substrate are not obviously different from those of the SIW horn antenna loaded with the gradient type radiation patch. Therefore, the gradual change type radiation patch and the dielectric substrate are loaded on the basis of the SIW horn antenna, so that the emission efficiency of the SIW horn antenna can be effectively improved, and the bandwidth is widened. The substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna obtains better emission efficiency, wider bandwidth and better impedance matching.
Fig. 10 is a graph comparing the gain curves of the SIW horn antenna loaded with the graded radiation patch, the SIW horn antenna loaded with the graded radiation patch and the dielectric substrate of the preferred embodiment of the substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna of the present application with the gain curves of the SIW horn antenna of the prior art; it can be seen that the gain of the conventional SIW horn antenna is overall minimal; compared with the conventional SIW horn antenna, the gain value of the SIW horn antenna loaded with the gradual change type radiation patch is improved well, and the gain of the SIW horn antenna loaded with the gradual change type radiation patch and the medium substrate is the highest.
Therefore, the gain can be further improved by using the phase calibration principle when the dielectric substrate is loaded on the basis of the SIW horn antenna loaded with the gradual change type radiation patch. The substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna obtains higher gain.
In combination with fig. 8, 9 and 10 obtained by simulation, the bandwidth (return loss less than-10 dB) of the SIW horn antenna loaded with the gradual-change radiation patch and the dielectric substrate structure of the present application ranges from 20.64GHz to 38.38GHz, the relative bandwidth is about 59.85%, and the antenna basically operates in the whole single-mode operating frequency band of the SIW and is far greater than the bandwidth of the conventional SIW horn antenna. Meanwhile, when the frequency is 22.78GHz to 38.38GHz, the gain is kept between 15dBi and 19.48dBi, the highest gain can reach 19.48dBi, and the gain characteristic is stable. It can be seen from fig. 11 that the antenna of the present example has stable end-fire radiation characteristics over a wide operating band.
Based on the substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna of the above embodiment, the present invention also provides a method for controlling the substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna of the above embodiment, including the following steps:
s1, setting a dielectric substrate for antenna printing;
s2, controlling the coaxial connector to provide an excitation signal for the antenna;
s3, controlling the grounded coplanar waveguide and the grounded coplanar waveguide to transmit radio frequency signals to the substrate integrated waveguide transition structure;
s4, controlling the substrate integrated waveguide horn to radiate radio frequency energy;
s5, controlling the gradual change type radiation patch to increase the bandwidth of the horn antenna to a preset value;
and S6, controlling the loading medium substrate to lift the gain of the horn antenna to a specified value, specifically as described above.
In summary, the present application discloses a substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna, the antenna includes: the device comprises a coaxial connector, a grounding coplanar waveguide, a transition structure from the grounding coplanar waveguide to a substrate integrated waveguide, a substrate integrated waveguide horn, a gradual change type radiation patch and a loading medium substrate. The coaxial connector is used as a radio frequency signal input end and is arranged at the foremost end of the dielectric substrate; the transition structures from the grounding coplanar waveguide to the substrate integrated waveguide are sequentially arranged behind the coaxial connector and are used for transmitting radio frequency signals; the substrate integrated waveguide horn is arranged behind the transition structure from the grounding coplanar waveguide to the substrate integrated waveguide and is used for radiating radio frequency energy; the gradual change type radiation patch is arranged behind the substrate integrated waveguide horn and used for increasing the bandwidth of the horn antenna; the loading medium substrate is arranged behind the gradual change type radiation patch and used for improving the gain of the horn antenna. The antenna has the characteristics of simple structure, low section, easiness in integration and processing, low cost, large bandwidth and high gain, and can greatly improve the performance of a millimeter wave wireless communication system.
It should be understood that the application of the present application is not limited to the above examples, and that modifications or changes may be made by those skilled in the art based on the above description, and all such modifications and changes are intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A substrate integrated waveguide feedhorn, the antenna comprising:
a dielectric substrate for antenna printing;
the coaxial connector (P1) is arranged at the front end of the dielectric substrate and is used for providing an excitation signal for the antenna;
the grounding coplanar waveguide (W1) arranged behind the coaxial connector (P1) and the transition structure (W2) from the grounding coplanar waveguide to the substrate integrated waveguide are sequentially connected and used for transmitting radio frequency signals;
a substrate integrated waveguide horn (H1) disposed behind the grounded coplanar waveguide to substrate integrated waveguide transition structure (W2) for radiation of radio frequency energy;
a graded radiating patch (G1) disposed behind the substrate integrated waveguide horn (H1) for increasing the bandwidth of the horn antenna;
and the loading medium substrate (L1) is arranged behind the gradient radiation patch and is used for improving the gain of the horn antenna.
2. The substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna of claim 1, wherein the coaxial connector (P1) is comprised of an outer conductor (51), an inner conductor (52), and an insulator (53), the insulator (53) being disposed between the outer conductor (51) and the inner conductor (52), the inner conductor (52) being connected to the grounded coplanar waveguide (W1) through a probe.
3. The substrate-integrated waveguide feedhorn of claim 2, wherein the center conductor of the grounded coplanar waveguide (W1) is connected to the inner conductor (52) of the coaxial connector (P1), and a signal is transmitted from the coaxial connector (P1) to the grounded coplanar waveguide (W1), the transmitted electromagnetic wave mode being converted from the TEM mode to the quasi-TEM mode.
4. The substrate-integrated waveguide horn antenna of claim 1, wherein the grounded coplanar waveguide-to-substrate integrated waveguide transition structure (W2) is a trapezoidal grounded coplanar waveguide structure with a gradually widening central conductor, and the grounded coplanar waveguide (W1) is connected to the end with the smaller width and the substrate-integrated waveguide horn (H1) is connected to the end with the larger width.
5. The substrate-integrated waveguide horn antenna of claim 1, wherein the substrate-integrated waveguide horn (H1) is composed of a metal sheet printed on both sides of a dielectric substrate and two rows of metal vias, the metal vias are divided into a first portion and a second portion, the first portion is two parallel rows of metal vias, and is connected with the transition structure (W2) from the grounded coplanar waveguide to the substrate-integrated waveguide; the second part is a trapezoidal metal through hole which consists of two rows of metal through holes with preset opening angles to form the radiation caliber of the horn antenna; the two rows of metal through holes of the substrate integrated waveguide horn (H1) are symmetrical along the central line of the grounded coplanar waveguide (W1), signals are transmitted from the grounded coplanar waveguide (W1) to the substrate integrated waveguide horn (H1), and the transmitted electromagnetic wave mode is converted from a quasi-TEM mode to a TE mode10And (5) molding.
6. The substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna of claim 1, wherein the tapered radiating patch (G1) comprises two rows of metal patch strips (G1, G2) with gradually decreasing widths, the two rows of tapered metal patch strips (G1, G2) are respectively arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the dielectric substrate, each row of patches comprises a plurality of metal patches arranged in parallel in sequence, the two rows of tapered metal patch strips (G1, G2) are arranged correspondingly up and down, and the sizes of the metal patch strips on the upper surface and the lower surface are the same.
7. The substrate integrated waveguide feedhorn of claim 6, whereinTwo rows of gradual change type metal patch strips (G1, G2) of the radiation patches (G1), wherein the metal patches of each row extend outwards from the caliber of the substrate integrated waveguide horn (H1), the width of each metal patch is reduced in sequence according to an arithmetic progression, and the width of each metal patch meets the requirement of Wi1.9-0.1 × i (i ═ 1, 2, 3 … 10) (mm); and the ith gap and the ith metal patch form an ith pair of gaps-strips, and the width of each pair of gaps-strips is fixed as Wd＝1.9mm。
8. The substrate integrated waveguide feedhorn of claim 6, wherein the shape of said tapered radiating patch (G1) is changed to a triangle, trapezoid or ellipse; the loading medium substrate (L1) may be changed to an elliptical shape.
9. The substrate integrated waveguide feedhorn of claim 1, wherein the loaded dielectric substrate (L1) is adjustable in length for increasing the feedhorn gain by adjusting the length of the loaded dielectric substrate (L1).
10. A method of controlling a substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of:
arranging a dielectric substrate for antenna printing;
controlling the coaxial connector to provide an excitation signal to the antenna;
controlling the grounded coplanar waveguide and the grounded coplanar waveguide to be transmitted to the substrate integrated waveguide transition structure to carry out radio frequency signal transmission;
controlling the substrate integrated waveguide horn to radiate radio frequency energy;
controlling the gradual change type radiation patch to increase the bandwidth of the horn antenna to a preset value;
and controlling the loading medium substrate to increase the gain of the horn antenna to a specified value.
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