CN111172228B - Method for producing biogas by using camellia oleifera shells - Google Patents
Method for producing biogas by using camellia oleifera shells Download PDFInfo
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- CN111172228B CN111172228B CN202010129655.4A CN202010129655A CN111172228B CN 111172228 B CN111172228 B CN 111172228B CN 202010129655 A CN202010129655 A CN 202010129655A CN 111172228 B CN111172228 B CN 111172228B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P39/00—Processes involving microorganisms of different genera in the same process, simultaneously
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
- C05F5/002—Solid waste from mechanical processing of material, e.g. seed coats, olive pits, almond shells, fruit residue, rice hulls
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H1/00—Processes for the preparation of sugar derivatives
- C07H1/06—Separation; Purification
- C07H1/08—Separation; Purification from natural products
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H13/00—Compounds containing saccharide radicals esterified by carbonic acid or derivatives thereof, or by organic acids, e.g. phosphonic acids
- C07H13/02—Compounds containing saccharide radicals esterified by carbonic acid or derivatives thereof, or by organic acids, e.g. phosphonic acids by carboxylic acids
- C07H13/08—Compounds containing saccharide radicals esterified by carbonic acid or derivatives thereof, or by organic acids, e.g. phosphonic acids by carboxylic acids having the esterifying carboxyl radicals directly attached to carbocyclic rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons
- C12P5/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons acyclic
- C12P5/023—Methane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for producing biogas by using camellia oleifera shells, which comprises the steps of pulverizing 10-20 kg of camellia oleifera shells into powder, adding 30-50 g of urea, 3-5 kg of molasses and 5-10 kg of tea seed meal, adding water, mixing to 60-100 kg, and uniformly mixing to obtain mixed liquid; adding the mixed solution into a biogas fermentation tank, adding primary fermentation bacteria consisting of EM (effective microorganisms) and Klebsiella oxytoca, performing anaerobic fermentation for 6-8 days until the pH value is reduced to 4-5, adjusting the pH value to 6-7, adding secondary fermentation bacteria consisting of methanobacterium soxhlet, methanobacterium formate and methanobacterium ruminants, starting to collect the generated biogas, and finishing the anaerobic fermentation after 12-16 days. According to the invention, the forestry waste oil-tea camellia shells are used as a main raw material to produce biogas through anaerobic fermentation, the biogas is used as a new energy fuel, the fermented biogas slurry is used as a foliar fertilizer, and the biogas residues are used as an organic fertilizer, so that the complete resource utilization of the oil-tea camellia shells is realized, and the method has good economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefit, and provides an effective way for building an ecological new countryside.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of forestry waste resource utilization, in particular to a method for producing biogas by using camellia oleifera shells.
Background
The tea-oil trees are called tea trees and tea-oil trees, are one of four woody edible oil source tree species in the world (the other three species are coconut, olive and oil palm respectively), are one of four woody oil plants in China (the other three species are ebony, tung oil and walnut respectively), are perennial shrubs or trees, and have a history of cultivation and utilization for two thousand years. In China, the main producing areas are south and southwest, and the China is mainly concentrated in Hunan, Guangxi, Guangdong and the like, accounts for 83.2 percent of the total area of the whole country, and is a specific pure natural high-grade oil material in China. In recent years, the planting area and yield of camellia oleifera are increasing year by year. The main components of the camellia oleifera shell comprise cellulose (13.87-20.95%), hemicellulose (34.21-49.34%), lignin (30.07-36.23%), tannin (about 2.26%), saponin (about 5%) and the like.
At present, the oil-tea camellia fruit shell is usually used as waste material for treatment or used as fuel for warming in winter after the oil-tea camellia fruit is dried and deseeded, and the oil-tea camellia fruit shell is not well developed and utilized, so that the resource is greatly wasted. At present, the direct composting fermentation of the camellia oleifera shells to prepare the organic fertilizer has also been reported. The biogas is a combustible gas produced by various organic substances through the fermentation of microorganisms under the anaerobic condition and at a proper temperature and pH value. The use of camellia oleifera shells for the production of biogas is disclosed in the prior art. Therefore, the invention provides that the oil tea fruit shells are crushed and then subjected to anaerobic fermentation to produce biogas and collect methane as new energy fuel, the biogas slurry is used as a foliar fertilizer, and the biogas residues are used as an organic fertilizer, so that the resource utilization of the oil tea fruit shells is completely realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for producing biogas by using oil tea shells. According to the method, the camellia oleifera shells are crushed and then subjected to anaerobic fermentation to produce biogas serving as a new energy fuel, the fermented biogas slurry is used as a foliar fertilizer, and the biogas residues are used as an organic fertilizer, so that resource utilization of the camellia oleifera shells is completely realized.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for producing biogas by using oil tea shells comprises the following steps:
(1) pulverizing 10-20 kg of oil-tea camellia shells into powder, adding 30-50 g of urea, 3-5 kg of molasses and 5-10 kg of tea seed cake, adding water, mixing to 60-100 kg, and mixing uniformly to obtain a mixed solution;
(2) adding the mixed solution into a biogas fermentation tank, adding primary fermentation bacteria consisting of EM (effective microorganisms) and Klebsiella oxytoca, performing anaerobic fermentation for 6-8 days until the pH value is reduced to 4-5, adjusting the pH value to 6-7, adding secondary fermentation bacteria consisting of methanobacterium soxhlet, methanobacterium formate and methanobacterium ruminate, finishing the anaerobic fermentation for 12-16 days, and collecting the generated biogas.
Further, the anaerobic fermentation is water-sealed fermentation at normal temperature; the fermentation temperature need not be controlled.
Furthermore, the adding amount of the primary fermentation bacteria is 0.3-0.8% of the mass of the mixed solution, and the adding amount of the secondary fermentation bacteria is 0.5-1.0% of the mass of the mixed solution.
Further, the mass ratio of the EM bacteria to the Klebsiella oxytoca in the primary fermentation bacteria is 1-3: 1.
Further, the mass ratio of the methanobacterium sojae, the methanobacterium formate and the methanobacterium ruminants in the secondary fermentation bacteria is 3-5:1-3: 0.5-2. Further, step (2) is to adjust the pH with quick lime.
Further, the oil tea fruit shell is pulverized, then tannin is extracted, and then fermentation is carried out.
Further, the extraction method of the tannin comprises the following steps: pulverizing oil tea fruit shell, adding water and sodium hydroxide, reacting at 120 deg.C under pressure, filtering, and collecting filtrate; concentrating the filtrate, freeze-drying to obtain tannin powder, and reusing the rest waste material in producing marsh gas. Preferably, the addition amount of the water is 5-10% of the mass of the water.
And further, filtering waste residues generated after fermentation is finished, wherein fermentation liquor is used as a foliar fertilizer, and fermentation residues are used as an organic fertilizer.
Further, the filtrate can be acidified by hydrochloric acid and filtered to obtain acidified tannin.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, the forestry waste oil-tea camellia shells are used as a main raw material to produce biogas through anaerobic fermentation, the biogas is used as a new energy fuel, the fermented biogas slurry is used as a foliar fertilizer, and the biogas residues are used as an organic fertilizer, so that the complete resource utilization of the oil-tea camellia shells is realized, and the method has good economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefit, and provides an effective way for building an ecological new countryside.
2. The method comprises the steps of adding different strains in two batches, adding EM (effective microorganisms) and Klebsiella oxytoca for fermentation in the first batch, wherein the Klebsiella oxytoca can increase the content of organic acid and is beneficial to the growth of methane bacteria during secondary fermentation; the second batch of strains is added with methanobacterium soxhlet, methanobacterium formate and methanobacterium ruminatum, so that the fermentation period is shortened, and the gas production is obviously increased.
3. The invention takes the oil-tea camellia shells, urea, molasses and tea meal as raw materials to produce the biogas, can provide sufficient nutrient components such as carbon sources, nitrogen sources and the like for the zymocyte, accelerates the propagation of the zymocyte, and is beneficial to shortening the fermentation period and improving the gas yield.
4. The tannin is extracted from the oil tea fruit shell and then used for fermentation to produce the biogas, and the extracted tannin is widely used in the industries of food, medicine, chemical industry, daily use and the like, so that the oil tea fruit shell can generate greater economic benefit.
5. The method for anaerobic fermentation does not need to control the fermentation temperature, is simple to operate and reduces the cost compared with the conventional fermentation.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments. It should be emphasized that the following description is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention or its application.
Example 1
A method for producing biogas by using oil tea shells comprises the following steps:
(1) pulverizing 15 kg of oil-tea camellia shells, adding 40 g of urea, 3 kg of molasses and 5 kg of tea seed cake, adding water, mixing to 80 kg, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution;
(2) adding the mixed solution into a biogas fermentation tank, adding primary fermentation bacteria consisting of EM bacteria and Klebsiella oxytoca in a mass ratio of 2:1, wherein the addition amount is 0.5% of the mass of the mixed solution, carrying out anaerobic fermentation for 7 days, reducing the pH to 4.5, adjusting the pH to 6 with quick lime, adding secondary fermentation bacteria consisting of methanobacterium soxhlet, methanobacterium formate and methanobacterium ruminants in a mass ratio of 3:2:2, wherein the addition amount is 0.7% of the mass of the mixed solution, collecting the generated biogas, and finishing the anaerobic fermentation for 14 days.
(3) And filtering waste residues generated after fermentation, wherein the fermentation liquor is used as a foliar fertilizer, and the fermentation residues are used as an organic fertilizer.
The biogas yield at the end of the fermentation in this example was 781ml/kgVS with a methane content of 83.6%.
Example 2
A method for producing biogas by using oil tea shells comprises the following steps:
(1) pulverizing 20 kg of oil-tea camellia shells, adding 50 g of urea, 5 kg of molasses and 8 kg of tea seed cake, adding water, mixing to 100 kg, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution;
(2) adding the mixed solution into a biogas fermentation tank, adding primary fermentation bacteria consisting of EM bacteria and Klebsiella oxytoca in a mass ratio of 3:1, wherein the addition amount is 0.3% of the mass of the mixed solution, carrying out anaerobic fermentation for 8 days, reducing the pH to 5, adjusting the pH to 7 with quick lime, adding secondary fermentation bacteria consisting of methanobacterium soxhlet, methanobacterium formate and methanobacterium ruminants in a mass ratio of 5:3:1, wherein the addition amount is 1.0% of the mass of the mixed solution, collecting the generated biogas, and finishing the anaerobic fermentation for 15 days.
(3) And filtering waste residues generated after fermentation, wherein the fermentation liquor is used as a foliar fertilizer, and the fermentation residues are used as an organic fertilizer.
The biogas yield at the end of the fermentation in this example was 693ml/kgVS with a methane content of 85.2%.
Example 3
A method for producing biogas by using oil tea shells comprises the following steps:
(1) pulverizing 10 kg of oil-tea camellia shells, adding 40 g of urea, 4 kg of molasses and 6 kg of tea seed cake, adding water, mixing to 60 kg, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution;
(2) adding the mixed solution into a biogas fermentation tank, adding primary fermentation bacteria consisting of EM bacteria and Klebsiella oxytoca in a mass ratio of 2:1, wherein the addition amount is 0.8% of the mass of the mixed solution, performing anaerobic fermentation for 6 days, reducing the pH to 4, adjusting the pH to 6 with quick lime, adding secondary fermentation bacteria consisting of methanobacterium soxhlet, methanobacterium formate and methanobacterium ruminants in a mass ratio of 4:2:1, wherein the addition amount is 0.5% of the mass of the mixed solution, collecting the generated biogas, and finishing the anaerobic fermentation for 14 days.
(3) And filtering waste residues generated after fermentation, wherein the fermentation liquor is used as a foliar fertilizer, and the fermentation residues are used as an organic fertilizer.
The biogas yield at the end of the fermentation in this example was 615ml/kgVS with a methane content of 78.3%.
Example 4
A method for producing biogas by using oil tea shells comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing oil tea fruit shells, adding water foam to the oil tea fruit shells, adding sodium hydroxide with the water mass of 10%, performing pressure reaction at 120 ℃, filtering, and collecting filtrate for later use; concentrating the filtrate at 120 deg.C, freeze drying to obtain tannin powder, and using the rest oil tea fruit shell waste material for producing biogas;
(2) pulverizing 15 kg of oil-tea camellia shells, adding 45 g of urea, 5 kg of molasses and 8 kg of tea seed cake, adding water, mixing to 100 kg, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution;
(3) adding the mixed solution into a biogas fermentation tank, adding primary fermentation bacteria consisting of EM bacteria and Klebsiella oxytoca in a mass ratio of 1:1, wherein the addition amount is 0.6% of the mass of the mixed solution, carrying out anaerobic fermentation for 7 days, reducing the pH to 5, adjusting the pH to 6.5 by using quicklime, adding secondary fermentation bacteria consisting of methanobacterium soxhlet, methanobacterium formate and methanobacterium ruminants in a mass ratio of 3:2:1, wherein the addition amount is 0.8% of the mass of the mixed solution, collecting the generated biogas, and finishing the anaerobic fermentation after 12 days.
(4) And filtering waste residues generated after fermentation, wherein the fermentation liquor is used as a foliar fertilizer, and the fermentation residues are used as an organic fertilizer.
The biogas yield at the end of the fermentation in this example was 643ml/kgVS with a methane content of 80.9%.
Example 5
A method for producing biogas by using oil tea shells comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing oil tea fruit shells, adding water foam to the oil tea fruit shells, adding sodium hydroxide with the water mass of 8%, performing pressure reaction at 120 ℃, filtering, and collecting filtrate for later use; concentrating the filtrate at 120 deg.C, adding hydrochloric acid for acidification, and vacuum filtering to obtain acidified tannin; the residual oil tea fruit shell waste is used for producing methane;
(2) pulverizing 20 kg of oil-tea camellia shells, adding 50 g of urea, 4 kg of molasses and 10 kg of tea seed meal, adding water, mixing to 80 kg, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed solution;
(3) adding the mixed solution into a biogas fermentation tank, adding primary fermentation bacteria consisting of EM bacteria and Klebsiella oxytoca in a mass ratio of 2:1, wherein the addition amount is 0.5% of the mass of the mixed solution, carrying out anaerobic fermentation for 7 days, reducing the pH to 5, adjusting the pH to 6 with quick lime, adding secondary fermentation bacteria consisting of methanobacterium soxhlet, methanobacterium formate and methanobacterium ruminants in a mass ratio of 5:3:1, wherein the addition amount is 1% of the mass of the mixed solution, collecting the generated biogas, and finishing the anaerobic fermentation after 12 days.
(4) And filtering waste residues generated after fermentation, wherein the fermentation liquor is used as a foliar fertilizer, and the fermentation residues are used as an organic fertilizer.
The biogas yield at the end of the fermentation in this example was 763ml/kgVS with a methane content of 81.7%.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific/preferred embodiments and is not intended to limit the practice of the invention to those descriptions. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various substitutions and modifications can be made to the described embodiments without departing from the spirit of the invention, and such substitutions and modifications are to be considered as within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for producing biogas by using oil tea shells is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) pulverizing 10-20 kg of oil-tea camellia shells into powder, adding 30-50 g of urea, 3-5 kg of molasses and 5-10 kg of tea seed cake, adding water, mixing to 60-100 kg, and mixing uniformly to obtain a mixed solution;
(2) adding the mixed solution into a biogas fermentation tank, adding primary fermentation bacteria consisting of EM (effective microorganisms) and Klebsiella oxytoca, performing anaerobic fermentation for 6-8 days until the pH value is reduced to 4-5, adjusting the pH value to 6-7, adding secondary fermentation bacteria consisting of methanobacterium soxhlet, methanobacterium formate and methanobacterium ruminants, starting to collect the generated biogas, and finishing the anaerobic fermentation after 12-16 days.
2. The method for producing biogas by using camellia oleifera shells according to claim 1, wherein: the anaerobic fermentation does not require temperature control.
3. The method for producing biogas by using camellia oleifera shells according to claim 1, wherein: the adding amount of the primary zymophyte is 0.3-0.8% of the mixed solution by mass, and the adding amount of the secondary zymophyte is 0.5-1.0% of the mixed solution by mass.
4. The method for producing biogas by using camellia oleifera shells according to claim 2, wherein: the mass ratio of EM bacteria to Klebsiella oxytoca in the primary fermentation bacteria is 1-3: 1.
5. The method for producing biogas by using camellia oleifera shells according to claim 2, wherein: the mass ratio of the methanobacterium soxhlet, the methanobacterium formate and the methanobacterium ruminatum in the secondary fermentation bacteria is 3-5:1-3: 0.5-2.
6. The method for producing biogas by using camellia oleifera shells according to claim 1, wherein: and (2) adjusting the pH value by using quicklime.
7. The method for producing biogas by using camellia oleifera shells according to claim 1, wherein: the oil tea fruit shell is pulverized, and then tannin is extracted and then fermented.
8. The method for producing biogas by using camellia oleifera shells according to claim 7, wherein: the extraction method of the tannin comprises the following steps: pulverizing oil tea fruit shell, adding water and sodium hydroxide, reacting at 120 deg.C under pressure, filtering, and collecting filtrate; concentrating the filtrate, freeze-drying to obtain tannin powder, and reusing the rest waste material in producing marsh gas.
9. The method for producing biogas by using camellia oleifera shells according to claim 8, wherein: the addition amount of the water is 5-10% of the mass of the water.
10. The method for producing biogas by using camellia oleifera shells according to claim 1, wherein: and filtering waste residues generated after fermentation, wherein the fermentation liquor is used as a foliar fertilizer, and the fermentation residues are used as an organic fertilizer.
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