CN111170749B - 一种利用菱镁矿尾矿电熔制备电熔镁橄榄石的方法 - Google Patents

一种利用菱镁矿尾矿电熔制备电熔镁橄榄石的方法 Download PDF

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CN111170749B
CN111170749B CN202010045566.1A CN202010045566A CN111170749B CN 111170749 B CN111170749 B CN 111170749B CN 202010045566 A CN202010045566 A CN 202010045566A CN 111170749 B CN111170749 B CN 111170749B
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forsterite
magnesite tailings
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王明夺
刘士军
赵嘉亮
罗旭东
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Haicheng Zhonghao Magnesium Industry Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种利用菱镁矿尾矿电熔制备电熔镁橄榄石的方法。通过混合、造球、熔融三步工序得到致密的电熔镁橄榄石。本发明方法一方面充分利用了废弃的菱镁矿尾矿资源,利用菱镁矿尾矿中大量的MgO和SiO2成分制备电熔镁橄榄石,有效减少土地资源的占用,达到节约菱镁矿资源的目的。另一方面,采用电熔方式制备电熔镁橄榄石,生产电熔镁砂致密度高,纯度高,强度大,可作为优良的耐火材料原料被广泛应用。

Description

一种利用菱镁矿尾矿电熔制备电熔镁橄榄石的方法
技术领域
本发明属于耐火材料领域,具体涉及一种利用菱镁矿尾矿电熔制备电熔镁橄榄石的方法。
背景技术
资源是人类赖以生存、经济发展和社会进步的重要基础,资源匮乏已成为新世纪制约人类发展的重要瓶颈之一。资源节约便成为本世纪各个国家关注的焦点。我国菱镁资源也进入快速消耗期,优质的菱镁资源在急速减少,合理利用菱镁矿资源、延长菱镁矿的服务期已经成为我们亟待解决的重大问题。
菱镁矿尾矿是低品位菱镁矿浮选后的余渣,尾矿中MgO和SiO2的含量高,同时还存在一定量的Ca和Fe的氧化物,一般不能直接作为镁质耐火材料使用。这些尾矿占用大量土地,浪费大量的资源,造成环境污染,特别是尾矿中的重金属元素及放射性元素所带来的危害是不可估计的。近年来我们对菱镁矿尾矿的综合利用成为了人们研究热点。镁橄榄石的热导率、耐火度较高,热膨胀较慢且均匀,且由具有较好的抗金属熔体侵蚀能力,再加上其不水化、化学组成稳定、价格适中、与其它原料相容性好和原料无需煅烧的特性,因此镁橄榄石广泛应用于铸造砂、冶金辅料、耐火修补料和干式捣打料以及轻质材料和建筑材料等方面。
工业镁橄榄石主要利用天然镁橄榄石矿直接高温煅烧方式来获取,该方式得到镁橄榄石存在致密度程度低、氧化铁含量高,限制了镁橄榄石在耐火材料行业中的使用,制得试样的体积密度3.21g/cm3、气孔率3.4%、晶粒尺寸85μm、常温耐压强度64.25MPa。因此,现有镁橄榄石生产工艺急需创新。利用菱镁矿浮选尾矿制备镁橄榄耐火材料已经成为一种可能,该方法合成镁橄榄石比天然镁橄榄石性能更加优异,铁杂质含量较少,有望成为新一代高级耐火原料。在资源日益紧缺的今天,电熔镁橄榄石有着很大的应用前景。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种利用菱镁矿尾矿电熔制备电熔镁橄榄石的方法,克服现有技术的不足,最大限度地综合利用菱镁矿尾和得到致密的电熔镁橄榄石,节约菱镁矿资源,使资源产生较大的附加值,同时工艺设计合理,减少环境污染,得到的电熔镁橄榄石具有理想的致密度和耐火性能。
为实现上述目的,本发明通过以下技术方案实现:
一种利用菱镁矿尾矿电熔制备电熔镁橄榄石的方法,其特征在于,具体操作步骤如下:
(1)混合:按质量百分比计,将60~90%菱镁矿尾矿和5~35%硅石细粉预混,得预混料;再与1~5%的无机结合剂,一同置于管磨机中共磨5~20h,得到混合物料;
(2)造球:将混合物料送入压球机中,以2~8Mpa压力压制成型,制成直径为10~15mm的矿粉球料;
(3)干燥:将矿粉球料于90~110℃,干燥2~5h,得干燥球料;
(4)熔融:将干燥球料于2000~2800℃电弧炉中熔融,熔炼5~10h后,自然冷却5~10天,即得到致密的电熔镁橄榄石。
进一步的,所述步骤(1)中菱镁矿尾矿的MgO含量≥30%,SiO2含量≥60%。
进一步的,所述步骤(1)中硅石细粉的SiO2含量≥85%。
进一步的,所述步骤(1)中菱镁矿尾矿粒度为0.5~1mm、硅石细粉粒度为0.5~1mm。
进一步的,所述步骤(1)中无机结合剂为MgCl2、硬质酸镁或Mg(OH)2中的一种。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:1)采用含有大量的MgO和SiO2的菱镁矿尾矿作为基础原料,充分利用了废弃的菱镁矿尾矿资源,减少土地资源的占用,进而达到节约菱镁矿资源的目的;2)采用电熔方式制备电熔镁橄榄石,无机结合剂在电熔的过程中分解为MgO(s)和极少气体,所制得的电熔镁砂致密度高,强度大,可作为优良的耐火材料原料被广泛应用。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例的工艺流程。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步描述。
实施例1
将8.9kg的菱镁矿尾矿和0.8kg的硅石细粉预混,得预混料;再加0.3kg的MgCl2,一同置于管磨机中共磨10h,得到混合物料;将混合物料送入压球机中,以3Mpa压制成型,制成直径为10mm的矿粉球料;将矿粉球料于90℃,干燥5h,得干燥后的矿粉球料;将干燥后的矿粉球料于2300℃电弧炉中熔融,熔炼8h后,自然冷却7天,即得到致密的电熔镁橄榄石。
按GB/T2997~2000 测试样的体积密度、气孔率;在Zeiss~ΣIGMA~HD型扫描电子显微镜下测量试样的晶粒尺寸;按GB/T 3997.2~1998 测试样的常温耐压强度。本实施例制备的电熔镁橄榄石,体积密度为3.30g/cm3,气孔率为1.2%,晶粒尺寸为93μm,常温耐压强度为82.32MPa。
实施例2
将8.9kg的菱镁矿尾矿和0.8kg的硅石细粉预混,得预混料;再加0.3kg的硬质酸镁,一同置于管磨机中共磨10h,得到混合物料;将混合物料送入压球机中,以3Mpa压制成型,制成直径为10mm的矿粉球料;将矿粉球料于90℃,干燥5h,得干燥后的矿粉球料;将干燥后的矿粉球料于2300℃电弧炉中熔融,熔炼8h后,自然冷却7天,即得到致密的电熔镁橄榄石。
按GB/T2997~2000 测试样的体积密度、气孔率;在Zeiss~ΣIGMA~HD型扫描电子显微镜下测量试样的晶粒尺寸;按GB/T 3997.2~1998 测试样的常温耐压强度。本实施例制备的电熔镁橄榄石,体积密度为3.24g/cm3,气孔率为1.5%,晶粒尺寸为192μm,常温耐压强度77.48MPa。
实施例3
将8.9kg的菱镁矿尾矿和0.8kg的硅石细粉预混,得预混料;再加0.3kg的Mg(OH)2,一同置于管磨机中共磨10h,得到混合后的物料;将混合后的物料送入压球机中,以3Mpa压制成型,制成直径为10mm的矿粉球料;将矿粉球料于90℃,干燥5h,得干燥后的矿粉球料;将干燥后的矿粉球料于2300℃电弧炉中熔融,熔炼8h后,自然冷却7天,即得到致密的电熔镁橄榄石。
按GB/T2997~2000 测试样的体积密度、气孔率;在Zeiss~ΣIGMA~HD型扫描电子显微镜下测量试样的晶粒尺寸;按GB/T 3997.2~1998 测试样的常温耐压强度。本实施例制备的电熔镁橄榄石,体积密度为3.22g/cm3,气孔率为1.2%,晶粒尺寸为289μm,常温耐压强度75.33MPa。
实施例4
将8.8kg的菱镁矿尾矿和0.8kg的硅石细粉预混,得预混物料;再加0.4kg的Mg(OH)2,一同置于管磨机中共磨9h,得到混炼后的物料;将混炼后的物料送入压球机中,以3Mpa压制成型,制成直径为10mm的矿粉球料;将矿粉球料于100℃,干燥3.5h,得干燥后的矿粉球料;将干燥后的矿粉球料于2500℃电弧炉中熔融,熔炼10h后,自然冷却7天,即得到致密的电熔镁橄榄石。
按GB/T2997-2000 测试样的体积密度、气孔率;在Zeiss-ΣIGMA-HD型扫描电子显微镜下测量试样的晶粒尺寸;按GB/T 3997.2-1998 测试样的常温耐压强度。本实施例制备的电熔镁橄榄石,体积密度为3.25g/cm3,气孔率为1.1%,晶粒尺寸为276μm,常温耐压强度78.26MPa。
实施例5
将8.7kg的菱镁矿尾矿和0.8kg的硅石细粉预混,得预混物料;再加0.5kg的Mg(OH)2,一同置于管磨机中共磨20h,得到混炼后的物料;将混炼后的物料送入压球机中,以3Mpa压制成型,制成直径为10mm的矿粉球料;将矿粉球料于110℃,干燥3h,得干燥后的矿粉球料;将干燥后的矿粉球料于2800℃电弧炉中熔融,熔炼5h后,自然冷却7天,即得到致密的电熔镁橄榄石。
按GB/T2997-2000 测试样的体积密度、气孔率;在Zeiss-ΣIGMA-HD型扫描电子显微镜下测量试样的晶粒尺寸;按GB/T 3997.2-1998 测试样的常温耐压强度。本实施例制备的电熔镁橄榄石,体积密度为3.26g/cm3,气孔率为1.3%,晶粒尺寸为182μm,常温耐压强度80.05MPa。
上述实施例中,菱镁矿尾矿中的MgO含量≥30%,SiO2含量≥60%,粒度为0.5~1mm。硅石细粉中的SiO2含量≥85%,粒度为0.5~1mm。采用电熔方式制备电熔镁橄榄石过程中,MgCl2、硬质酸镁或Mg(OH)2中任一种无机结合剂在电熔的过程中均分解为MgO(s)和极少气体,所制得的电熔镁砂致密度高,强度大,可作为优良的耐火材料原料被广泛应用。

Claims (4)

1.一种利用菱镁矿尾矿电熔制备电熔镁橄榄石的方法,其特征在于,具体操作步骤如下:
(1)混合:按质量百分比计,将60~90%菱镁矿尾矿和5~35%硅石细粉预混,得预混料;再与1~5%的结合剂,结合剂为MgCl2、硬质酸镁或Mg(OH)2中的一种,一同置于管磨机中共磨5~20h,得到混合物料;
(2)造球:将混合物料送入压球机中,以2~8MPa压力压制成型,制成直径为10~15mm的矿粉球料;
(3)干燥:将矿粉球料于90~110℃,干燥2~5h,得干燥球料;
(4)熔融:将干燥球料于2000~2800℃电弧炉中熔融,熔炼5~10h后,自然冷却5~10天,即得到致密的电熔镁橄榄石。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种利用菱镁矿尾矿电熔制备电熔镁橄榄石的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中菱镁矿尾矿的MgO含量≥30%,SiO2含量≥60%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种利用菱镁矿尾矿电熔制备电熔镁橄榄石的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中硅石细粉的SiO2含量≥85%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种利用菱镁矿尾矿电熔制备电熔镁橄榄石的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中菱镁矿尾矿粒度为0.5~1mm、硅石细粉粒度为0.5~1mm。
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