CN111154558A - Super-concentrated laundry detergent and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Super-concentrated laundry detergent and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111154558A
CN111154558A CN201811318886.9A CN201811318886A CN111154558A CN 111154558 A CN111154558 A CN 111154558A CN 201811318886 A CN201811318886 A CN 201811318886A CN 111154558 A CN111154558 A CN 111154558A
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parts
laundry detergent
super
concentrated laundry
sulfonate
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朱建民
刘兆滨
董振鹏
田威
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Liaoning Oxiranchem Co ltd
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Liaoning Oxiranchem Co ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11DDETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/66Non-ionic compounds
    • C11D1/83Mixtures of non-ionic with anionic compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11DDETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16Organic compounds
    • C11D3/20Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C11D3/2003Alcohols; Phenols
    • C11D3/2006Monohydric alcohols
    • C11D3/201Monohydric alcohols linear
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11DDETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16Organic compounds
    • C11D3/26Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C11D3/33Amino carboxylic acids
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11DDETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16Organic compounds
    • C11D3/34Organic compounds containing sulfur
    • C11D3/349Organic compounds containing sulfur additionally containing nitrogen atoms, e.g. nitro, nitroso, amino, imino, nitrilo, nitrile groups containing compounds or their derivatives or thio urea
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11DDETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16Organic compounds
    • C11D3/38Products with no well-defined composition, e.g. natural products
    • C11D3/386Preparations containing enzymes, e.g. protease or amylase
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11DDETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/50Perfumes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11DDETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/008Polymeric surface-active agents
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11DDETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/02Anionic compounds
    • C11D1/12Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
    • C11D1/14Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons or mono-alcohols
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11DDETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/66Non-ionic compounds
    • C11D1/72Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11DDETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/66Non-ionic compounds
    • C11D1/74Carboxylates or sulfonates esters of polyoxyalkylene glycols

Abstract

The invention provides a super-concentrated laundry detergent and a preparation method thereof, wherein the super-concentrated laundry detergent comprises the following components in parts by mass: 10-50 parts of an anionic surfactant; 6-60 parts of a nonionic surfactant; 2-20 parts of a cosolvent; 0.2-2 parts of a chelating agent; 1-2 parts of biological enzyme; 0-0.1 part of preservative; 0.1-1 part of essence; the balance being water. The super-concentrated laundry detergent can be prepared at normal temperature, the preparation method is simple, and the product is low in foam and free of gel and has good industrial prospect.

Description

Super-concentrated laundry detergent and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of manufacturing of daily chemical products, in particular to a super-concentrated laundry detergent and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the increase of disposable income and the increase of consumption level, the demands of consumers on low toxicity, low irritation, high biodegradability and the like of washing products are higher. More and more consumers are more accustomed to using liquid products than powdered detergent products, which tend to be more concentrated. The concentration not only can reduce the use of fillers and packaging materials, but also reduces the transportation cost.
Fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether is a new product for preparing concentrated liquid formula products in recent years, but the temperature needs to be raised in the preparation process, otherwise the gel of the product is serious, and the preparation time and the use are influenced. Another emerging class of polyoxyethylene ether products are fatty acid methyl ester ethoxylates, which are similar in most properties and uses to fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ethers, but are also unique. For example, lower irritation and toxicity, better biodegradability. Fatty acid methyl ester ethoxylates are collectively referred to as FMEE and are diverse in variety and function. Less expensive fatty acid methyl esters such as C12-C18Fatty acid methyl ester ethoxylates, which are linear structures, still require high temperature formulation, otherwise the gels are equally severe. The fatty acid methyl ester with higher price is a branched chain structure, and although no gel zone exists, the fatty acid methyl ester is difficult to popularize for the price reason.
Due to the action of the surfactant, the laundry detergent can generate foam in the using process, the high foam influences the cleaning friction of the product, reduces the decontamination effect, is not easy to rinse, and is easy to damage the skin and the clothes fiber.
Therefore, it is desirable to provide a novel super-concentrated laundry detergent and a preparation method thereof to solve the above problems in the prior art.
It is noted that the information disclosed in the foregoing background section is only for enhancement of background understanding of the invention and therefore it may contain information that does not constitute prior art that is already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a super-concentrated laundry detergent and a preparation method thereof, and aims to solve the problems that the existing super-concentrated laundry detergent needs to be prepared at high temperature, has serious gel, high foam, poor decontamination effect and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a super-concentrated laundry detergent which comprises the following components in parts by mass:
10-50 parts of an anionic surfactant;
6-60 parts of a nonionic surfactant;
2-20 parts of a cosolvent;
0.2-2 parts of a chelating agent;
1-2 parts of biological enzyme;
0-0.1 part of preservative;
0.1-1 part of essence;
the balance being water. Wherein the water is preferably deionized water.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the cosolvent is a compound of 8-20 parts of a penetrant and 1-5 parts of ethanol by mass, and the penetrant is selected from one or more of nonionic fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, anionic sodium alkyl sulfonate, sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate, sodium alkyl sulfate, sodium secondary alkyl sulfate and sodium alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, and is preferably fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether (JFC-5).
According to one embodiment of the invention, the nonionic surfactant is C12-C18Fatty acid methyl ester ethoxylate (FMEE).
According to one embodiment of the invention, the anionic surfactant is selected from one or more of α -alkenyl sulfonate, secondary alkyl sulfonate, fatty acid Methyl Ester Sulfonate (MES), fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate (AES), preferably α -alkenyl sulfonate or secondary alkyl sulfonate, more preferably α -alkenyl sulfonate.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the chelating agent is a sodium salt of a tertiary amine carboxylic acid having the formula:
Figure BDA0001857026660000031
the invention also provides a preparation method of the super-concentrated laundry detergent, which comprises the following steps:
placing the nonionic surfactant into the mixed solution of the cosolvent and water, and stirring for the first time to obtain a uniform solution;
and sequentially adding the anionic surfactant, the chelating agent, the biological enzyme, the preservative and the essence into the uniform solution, and then stirring for the second time to obtain the super-concentrated laundry detergent.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the primary stirring speed is 200 to 1200rpm, and the secondary stirring speed is 200 to 1200 rpm.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the time of the secondary stirring is 20-40 min.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the super concentrated laundry detergent is prepared at normal temperature.
According to the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the super-concentrated laundry detergent disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the generation of foams in the use of the surfactant is reduced and the problem of low cost C is solved by adding the prepared specific cosolvent12-C18The problem that fatty acid methyl ester ethoxylates are prone to gelation at higher concentrations; in addition, the formula of the invention also solves the problem of C12-C18The fatty acid methyl ester ethoxylate ester structure has the problems of alkali resistance and lime soap dispersing force, and improves the heat-resistant and cold-resistant stability of the concentrated laundry detergent.
The main raw material of the hyperconcentration laundry detergent is non-toxic, environment-friendly and good-biodegradability C12-C18Fatty acid methyl ester ethoxylate (FMEE), low irritation, no damage to fiber, water saving and environment friendship; through reasonable compounding, the super-concentrated laundry detergent can be prepared at normal temperature, and the solid content of the laundry detergent can be up to more than 80%.
In a word, the super-concentrated laundry detergent disclosed by the invention is simple in preparation method, low in foam and free of gel, and has a good industrial prospect.
Detailed Description
The following describes in detail specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
The endpoints of the ranges and any values disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and such ranges or values should be understood to encompass values close to those ranges or values. For ranges of values, between the endpoints of each of the ranges and the individual points, and between the individual points may be combined with each other to yield one or more new ranges of values, which ranges of values should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.
The invention provides a super-concentrated laundry detergent which comprises the following components in parts by mass:
10-50 parts of an anionic surfactant;
6-60 parts of a nonionic surfactant;
2-20 parts of a cosolvent;
0.2-2 parts of a chelating agent;
1-2 parts of biological enzyme;
0-0.1 part of preservative;
0.1-1 part of essence;
the balance being water. Wherein the water is preferably deionized water. The biological enzyme, the preservative and the essence are common commercial products in the field, and the biological enzyme comprises but is not limited to laccase, glucose oxidase, ligninase and the like; such preservatives include, but are not limited to, cason and the like; including but not limited to floral, fruity, and the like.
In some embodiments, the cosolvent is a compound of 8-20 parts of a penetrant and 1-5 parts of ethanol, preferably a compound of 10 parts of the penetrant and 2 parts of ethanol, and the penetrant is selected from one or more of nonionic fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, anionic sodium alkyl sulfonate, sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate, sodium alkyl sulfate, sodium secondary alkyl sulfate and sodium alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, and is preferably fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (JFC-5). By adopting the cosolvent, the generation of foam in the surfactant is reduced, and a low-foam product can be prepared.
In some embodiments, the nonionic surfactant is C12-C18Fatty acid methyl ester ethoxylate (FMEE). FMEE has the advantages of low cost, low irritation, no damage to fiber, water saving and environmental protection, no toxicity, environmental protection and good biodegradability. However, FMEE products gel more severely at high concentrations, affecting formulation time and use, and often requiring high temperature formulation. The cosolvent disclosed by the invention can solve the problems, so that the preparation process can be normal temperature, the production cost is greatly reduced, and the preparation process of the super-concentrated laundry detergent is simplified.
In some embodiments, the anionic surfactant includes, but is not limited to, one or more of α -alkenyl sulfonate, secondary alkyl sulfonate, fatty acid Methyl Ester Sulfonate (MES), fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate (AES), preferably α -alkenyl sulfonate or secondary alkyl sulfonate, such as α -sodium alkenyl sulfonate (AOS) or secondary Sodium Alkyl Sulfonate (SAS), with C12-C18The synergistic effect of fatty acid methyl ester ethoxylate (FMEE) is obvious, and the heat and cold resistance stability of the super concentrated laundry detergent can be improved.
In some embodiments, the chelating agent is a sodium salt of a tertiary amine carboxylic acid having the formula:
Figure BDA0001857026660000051
the solution C can be solved by adopting sodium tertiary amine carboxylate as a chelating agent12-C18Fatty acid methyl ester ethoxylate (FMEE) structure alkali resistance and lime soap dispersancy problems.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the super-concentrated laundry detergent, which comprises the following steps:
placing the nonionic surfactant into the mixed solution of the cosolvent and water, and stirring for the first time to obtain a uniform solution;
and sequentially adding the anionic surfactant, the chelating agent, the biological enzyme, the preservative and the essence into the uniform solution, and then stirring for the second time to obtain the super-concentrated laundry detergent.
In some embodiments, the speed of the primary stirring is 200-1200 rpm, and the speed of the secondary stirring is 200-1200 rpm. The secondary stirring time is 20-40 min. The super-concentrated laundry detergent is prepared at normal temperature.
The method is reasonable in compounding, the low-foam super-concentrated laundry detergent can be prepared at normal temperature, and the solid content of the super-concentrated laundry detergent can be up to more than 80%.
The following is illustrated by specific examples:
example 1
The formula comprises the following components in parts by mass:
anionic surfactant AOS: 50 parts of a mixture;
the nonionic surfactant is: c12Fatty acid methyl ester ethoxylate (C)12The molar ratio of fatty acid methyl ester to ethylene oxide is 1: 9)30 parts of (1);
cosolvent (10 parts of JFC-5 and 2 parts of ethanol compound): 10 parts of (A);
chelating agent (tertiary amine carboxylic acid sodium salt): 1 part;
laccase: 1.5 parts;
c, loosening: 0.05 part;
flower fragrance type essence: 0.2 part;
deionized water: and (4) the balance.
At normal temperature, the cosolvent and the deionized water are mixed evenly, and then the nonionic surfactant C is added12And (3) uniformly stirring the fatty acid methyl ester ethoxylate at a stirring speed of 400rpm, adding an anionic surfactant AOS, a chelating agent, a biological enzyme, a preservative and essence, and continuously stirring for 20 minutes at a stirring speed of 300rpm until the product is in a uniform and transparent state, thus obtaining the low-foam ultra-concentrated laundry detergent.
Example 2
Secondary sodium alkyl sulfonate of anionic surfactant: 15 parts of (1);
the nonionic surfactant is: c16-C18Fatty acid methyl ester ethoxylate (C)16-C18The molar ratio of fatty acid methyl ester to ethylene oxide is1: 9)60 parts;
cosolvent (10 parts of JFC-5 and 2 parts of ethanol compound): 20 parts of (1);
chelating agent (tertiary amine carboxylic acid sodium salt): 2 parts of (1);
ligninase: 1 part;
c, loosening: 0.05 part;
flower fragrance type essence: 0.1 part;
deionized water: the balance;
at normal temperature, uniformly mixing cosolvent and water, and then adding nonionic surfactant C16-C18And (3) uniformly stirring the fatty acid methyl ester ethoxylate at the stirring speed of 300rpm, adding the anionic surfactant sodium secondary alkyl sulfonate, the chelating agent, the biological enzyme, the preservative and the essence, and continuously stirring for 30 minutes at the stirring speed of 400rpm until the product is in a uniform and transparent state, thus obtaining the low-foam hyperconcentration laundry detergent.
Example 3
Anionic surfactant AOS: 40 parts, AES: 10 parts of (A);
the nonionic surfactant is: c16-C18Fatty acid methyl ester ethoxylate (C)16-C18The molar ratio of fatty acid methyl ester to ethylene oxide is 1: 9)30 parts of (1);
cosolvent (10 parts of JFC-5 and 2 parts of ethanol compound): 10 parts of (A);
chelating agent (tertiary amine carboxylic acid sodium salt): 1 part;
ligninase: 1 part;
c, loosening: 0.05 part;
flower fragrance type essence: 0.1 part;
deionized water: the balance;
at normal temperature, uniformly mixing cosolvent and water, and then adding nonionic surfactant C16-C18Stirring fatty acid methyl ester ethoxylate uniformly at a stirring speed of 500rpm, adding anionic surfactant AOS and AES, chelating agent, biological enzyme, preservative and essence, stirring continuously at a stirring speed of 400rpm for 40 minutes until the product is in a uniform and transparent state, and obtaining the low-foam hyperconcentrated laundry detergent。
Test example
To further examine the performance of the super concentrated laundry detergents prepared in examples 1-3 above, stability test, detergency test and foam test were performed, and the results are shown in Table 1 below
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0001857026660000071
1, the concentration of the sample is 1 per mill and the concentration of the index powder is 2 per mill when the detergency is tested;
sample concentration 5% when tested for foam.
Wherein the stability test is according to QB/T1224-2007. In the stability test, the cold resistance test is carried out for 24 hours in a refrigerator at the temperature of minus 5 +/-2 ℃, and the mixture is taken out and is observed when being recovered to the room temperature, so that the layering is avoided, the precipitation is avoided, and the transparent product is not turbid; the heat resistance test is carried out in an oven at the temperature of (40 +/-2) ℃ for 24 hours, and the product is taken out and recovered to the room temperature for observation, without layering, precipitation and turbidity.
The detergency test is determined according to GB/T13174-2003 'determination of detergency and anti-cyclic washing capability of detergents for clothing', and the detergency index is not less than 1, and the detergent is qualified.
The foam test is carried out according to GB/T7462-1994 determination of foaming power of surfactants, the lower the value is, the lower the foam is.
According to the results in table 1, the super-concentrated laundry detergent disclosed by the invention has cold resistance and heat resistance stability, the decontamination index reaches more than 1, and the foam test shows that the product has low foam and good performance.
It should be noted by those skilled in the art that the described embodiments of the present invention are merely exemplary and that various other substitutions, alterations, and modifications may be made within the scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, but is only limited by the claims.

Claims (9)

1. The super-concentrated laundry detergent is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by mass:
10-50 parts of an anionic surfactant;
6-60 parts of a nonionic surfactant;
2-20 parts of a cosolvent;
0.2-2 parts of a chelating agent;
1-2 parts of biological enzyme;
0-0.1 part of preservative;
0.1-1 part of essence;
the balance being water.
2. The super-concentrated laundry detergent according to claim 1, wherein the cosolvent is a complex of 8-20 parts of a penetrant and 1-5 parts of ethanol by mass, and the penetrant is one or more selected from nonionic fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, anionic sodium alkyl sulfonate, sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate, sodium alkyl sulfate, sodium secondary alkyl sulfate and sodium alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, and is preferably fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether.
3. The super concentrated laundry detergent of claim 1, wherein the non-ionic surfactant is C12-C18Fatty acid methyl ester ethoxylates.
4. The super concentrated laundry detergent of claim 1, wherein the anionic surfactant is selected from one or more of α -alkenyl sulfonate, secondary alkyl sulfonate, fatty acid methyl ester sulfonate, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, preferably α -alkenyl sulfonate or secondary alkyl sulfonate, more preferably α -alkenyl sulfonate.
5. The super concentrated laundry detergent of claim 1, wherein the chelating agent is a sodium salt of a tertiary amine carboxylic acid having the formula:
Figure FDA0001857026650000011
6. a method for preparing the super concentrated laundry detergent as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising:
placing the nonionic surfactant into the mixed solution of the cosolvent and water, and stirring for the first time to obtain a uniform solution;
and sequentially adding the anionic surfactant, the chelating agent, the biological enzyme, the preservative and the essence into the uniform solution, and then stirring for the second time to obtain the super-concentrated laundry detergent.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the primary stirring speed is 200 to 1200rpm, and the secondary stirring speed is 200 to 1200 rpm.
8. The preparation method according to claim 6, wherein the time of the secondary stirring is 20 to 40 min.
9. The preparation method according to claim 6, wherein the super concentrated laundry detergent is prepared at normal temperature.
CN201811318886.9A 2018-11-07 2018-11-07 Super-concentrated laundry detergent and preparation method thereof Pending CN111154558A (en)

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WO2022063707A1 (en) * 2020-09-24 2022-03-31 Unilever Ip Holdings B.V. Composition
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Application publication date: 20200515