CN111149802B - Citrus tree tip control composition and application thereof - Google Patents
Citrus tree tip control composition and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111149802B CN111149802B CN202010067930.4A CN202010067930A CN111149802B CN 111149802 B CN111149802 B CN 111149802B CN 202010067930 A CN202010067930 A CN 202010067930A CN 111149802 B CN111149802 B CN 111149802B
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- oxyfluorfen
- prohexadione calcium
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- citrus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N33/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds
- A01N33/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds containing nitrogen-to-oxygen bonds
- A01N33/18—Nitro compounds
- A01N33/20—Nitro compounds containing oxygen or sulfur attached to the carbon skeleton containing the nitro group
- A01N33/22—Nitro compounds containing oxygen or sulfur attached to the carbon skeleton containing the nitro group having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom and at least one nitro group directly attached to the same aromatic ring system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/42—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing within the same carbon skeleton a carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a carbon atom having only two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. keto-carboxylic acids
Abstract
The invention relates to a synergistic composition containing oxyfluorfen and prohexadione calcium for controlling tip of a citrus tree. The mass ratio of oxyfluorfen to prohexadione calcium in the composition is 1: 50-50: 1, and the mass percentage of the active ingredients oxyfluorfen and prohexadione calcium in the preparation is 1-80%. The composition has obvious synergistic effect, the tip killing rate of the citrus young tips is obviously higher than that of a single agent, the growth of summer tips and autumn tips of citrus trees can be effectively controlled, the aims of controlling tips, protecting flowers and fruits and reducing the quantity of diaphorina citri populations are fulfilled, and the method is a labor-saving, time-saving, economic and effective way.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of pesticides, in particular to a citrus tree tip control synergistic composition containing oxyfluorfen and prohexadione calcium, which is used for controlling the growth of summer tips and autumn tips of citrus trees so as to achieve the purposes of tip control, flower protection, fruit protection and reduction of the quantity of diaphorina citri populations.
Background
The young tip of the citrus tree is quick in sprouting speed, and only about two weeks are needed for sprouting from a new tip to an old tip under the conditions of sufficient water and fertilizer and proper local air temperature. When the fruit falls in the physiological stage, the excessive growth of the summer shoots can excessively consume the nutrients of the tree body, cause fruit fall, and affect the tree vigor and the fruit bearing amount in the next year. In addition, pests such as diaphorina citri, trialeurodes vaporariorum, aphid, leaf miner, prodenia litura and the like prefer to lay eggs on tender tips and become the damaged tender tips, and the vigorous growth of the tender tips can cause insect pest outbreak. The diaphorina citri is a transmission medium of citrus yellow shoot and is one of the key pests for prevention and control in citrus production. Researches show that the diaphorina citri begins to lay eggs when the length of the buds of the citrus trees is 3mm, the egg laying amount of the tender shoots with the length of 5-10mm reaches 30-50, and nymphs damage the tender shoots at fixed points after hatching. The high-efficiency tip control agent is applied to kill short tips, so that the sources of psyllids can be greatly reduced, and the occurrence of yellow dragon disease is further reduced.
In citrus production, a large amount of manpower and material resources are needed to be invested every year to control the growth of summer shoots and late autumn shoots, and two main shoot control modes are artificial shoot wiping and chemical shoot control. The tip control agents applied in the current production mainly comprise two main types: one type is a growth retardant mainly comprising 2, 4-D, paclobutrazol, uniconazole and bud sensitivity inhibitor, and the tip control agent belongs to systemic plant growth regulators and has concentration effect; the other type of the plant growth regulator is a tip killer mainly comprising herbicides such as glyphosate and oxyfluorfen, and tip control is carried out by a method for directly killing young tips. At present, most of the tip control agents are not properly applied, which can cause phytotoxicity to young fruits and aged branches and leaves, and the agent residue is serious, such as glyphosate which can easily damage leaves to cause 'water spinach leaves'; 2, 4-D inhibits photosynthesis, and long-term use can cause low sugar content of fruits and cannot be stored enduringly; the excessive high concentration of paclobutrazol can easily cause the sickle-shaped bending of the tender leaves and generate stone fruits.
Oxyfluorfen belongs to fluorine-containing diphenyl ether, is a selective, pre-emergence and post-emergence contact type herbicide with ultralow dosage, is suitable for preventing and killing broad leaf weeds and certain gramineous weeds, and can play a tip killing effect when being used for citrus trees. The herbicide plays its herbicidal activity under the condition of light, is mainly killed by absorbing the medicament through coleoptile and mesocotyl, and is used as a fruit tree tip control agent for promoting ethylene synthesis by destroying the permeability of cell membranes, so that the physiological function of cells is disordered, the senescence is accelerated, and the research applied to the fruit tree tip control is few at present. Has the advantages of low price, trace amount, high efficiency and quick action.
The prohexadione calcium belongs to a cyclohexanetrione plant growth regulator, has a chemical name of 3, 5-dioxo-4-propionyl cyclohexanecarboxylate, is mainly used for controlling vigorous growth of cereal crops, such as a rice lodging resistant agent and a fruit tree shoot control agent. The prohexadione calcium can selectively inhibit the synthesis of gibberellin GA1 through the absorption of plant seeds, root systems and leaf surfaces, shorten the stem elongation of a plurality of plants, promote the plant development and the lateral bud growth, effectively control the vigorous growth of the plants and contribute to the improvement of the yield and the fruit quality. Prohexadione calcium has the characteristics of safety, environmental protection, low residue and the like, so that the prohexadione calcium is expected to replace triazole growth retardants. In recent data in China, prohexadione calcium is applied to crops such as peanuts, rice and the like to improve lodging resistance, prevent premature senility and increase yield; when the tip control agent is applied to grape production, the length between the short sections can be shortened, and the vigorous growth of young shoots is inhibited.
The oxyfluorfen has quick action and can quickly kill young shoots of citrus trees, but the persistent effect is poor, the effect on bud primordium is weak, and new shoots can be generated in about 5 days. The prohexadione calcium has long lasting period and strong inhibiting effect on the young shoots of the next crop, but the dosage of the prohexadione calcium is large. Therefore, the combination of the two can greatly improve the quick action and the persistence of the tip killing, improve the tip killing effect, reduce the pesticide dosage, promote the flower and fruit retention of the citrus trees and reduce the manpower input of manual tip wiping.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a synergistic composition containing oxyfluorfen and prohexadione calcium for controlling tip of a citrus tree. The composition has tip control effect on citrus trees superior to 2 single agents, has good quick action and long lasting period, can realize tip control, flower and fruit retention of the citrus trees, and reduces the quantity of diaphorina citri populations.
The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a citrus tree tip control composition containing oxyfluorfen and prohexadione calcium is characterized in that the mass ratio of the oxyfluorfen to the prohexadione calcium in the composition is 1: 50-50: 1, and experiments prove that the synergistic effect is better when the mass ratio of the oxyfluorfen to the prohexadione calcium is 1: 20-1: 1.
The pesticide formulation which can be prepared from the citrus tree tip-controlling synergistic composition can be water dispersible granules, wettable powder, suspending agents, missible oil, microemulsion or aqueous emulsion.
Specific embodiments of the pesticide dosage forms formulated with the tip control synergistic composition of the present invention are as follows, but the present invention is by no means limited to the following examples.
The composition is water dispersible granules, and comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1-50 parts of oxyfluorfen, 1-50 parts of prohexadione calcium and 3-10 parts of a dispersing agent; 1-10 parts of a wetting agent; 1-5 parts of a disintegrating agent; and the balance of the filler. The water dispersible granule comprises the following specific production steps: according to the formula, the active ingredients of oxyfluorfen, prohexadione-calcium, a dispersing agent, a wetting agent, a disintegrating agent and a filler are uniformly mixed, the mixture is crushed by an ultramicro jet mill, and then is mixed with a certain amount of water (a binder is dissolved in the water in advance) and is kneaded in a kneading machine to prepare a plastic material, and finally the plastic material is sent into an extrusion granulator for granulation, and the water dispersible granule of the composition is obtained through drying and screening.
The composition is wettable powder and comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1-50 parts of oxyfluorfen, 1-50 parts of prohexadione calcium and 3-10 parts of a dispersing agent; 1-5 parts of a wetting agent; and the balance of the filler. The wettable powder has the specific production steps as follows: according to the formula, the active ingredients of oxyfluorfen, prohexadione-calcium, the dispersing agent, the wetting agent and the filler are mixed, uniformly stirred in a stirring kettle, and crushed by an airflow crusher under the condition of adjusting the working pressure and the airflow pressure, so that the wettable powder of the composition can be obtained.
The composition is a suspending agent and comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1-50 parts of oxyfluorfen, 1-50 parts of prohexadione calcium and 5-20 parts of a dispersing agent; 1-5 parts of an antifreezing agent; 0.1-2 parts of a thickening agent; 0.1-0.8 part of defoaming agent and 0-10 parts of penetration enhancer; 0.1-5 parts of pH value regulator; the balance of water. The suspending agent is prepared by the specific production steps of firstly mixing other auxiliary agents, uniformly mixing the auxiliary agents through high-speed shearing, adding the active ingredients of oxyfluorfen and prohexadione calcium, and sanding the mixture for 3 hours in a sand mill of 2000r/min to ensure that the particle size is below 5 mm.
The synergistic pesticide composition is an emulsifiable concentrate preparation, and comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1-50 parts of oxyfluorfen, 1-50 parts of prohexadione calcium and 10-30 parts of emulsifier; 20-50 parts of solvent and 1-5 parts of conventional synergist. The specific production steps of the emulsifiable solution preparation are that the active ingredients of oxyfluorfen and prohexadione calcium are firstly added into a solvent to be completely dissolved, then the emulsifier synergist is added and stirred evenly to form uniform and transparent oily liquid, and the emulsifiable solution preparation of the composition of the invention can be prepared.
The composition is a microemulsion, and the mass fractions of the components are as follows: 1-50 parts of oxyfluorfen, 1-50 parts of prohexadione calcium, 10-30 parts of emulsifier, 1-8 parts of antifreezing agent, 0.5-10 parts of stabilizer and 20-50 parts of solvent cosolvent. The specific production steps are as follows: the effective components of oxyfluorfen and prohexadione calcium are completely dissolved by the cosolvent, then the emulsifier, the antifreeze, the stabilizer and the like are added and uniformly mixed, then the water phase is added, and the microemulsion of the composition can be obtained after full stirring.
The composition is an aqueous emulsion, and comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1-50 parts of oxyfluorfen, 1-50 parts of prohexadione calcium, 3-30 parts of emulsifier, 5-15 parts of solvent and cosolvent, 1-5 parts of antifreezing agent, 2-15 parts of stabilizer, 0.1-8 parts of defoamer, 0.2-2 parts of thickener and the balance of water. The specific production steps are as follows: firstly, adding the active ingredients of oxyfluorfen, prohexadione calcium, a solvent, an emulsifier and a cosolvent together, and dissolving into a uniform oil phase; mixing part of water, an antifreeze agent and other additives together to form a uniform water phase, adding the oil phase into the water phase while stirring at a high speed in a reaction kettle, starting a shearing machine to shear at a high speed, adding the rest water, and stirring for about half an hour to form an oil-in-water emulsion in water, thereby obtaining the composition in water.
Wherein the above-mentioned solvents are: toluene, xylene, biodiesel, diesel oil, methanol, ethanol, n-butanol, isopropanol, turpentine, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, water and other solvents.
The emulsifier is selected from: nongru 0204, Nongru 2201, Nongru 0201, OP-10, OP-20, Nongru 600, By-15, dodecylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymer, polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, calcium alkylbenzenesulfonate, ethylene oxide-primary fatty amine condensate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan ester, polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester, calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, tristyrylphenol oxyethylated triethanolamine phosphate, alkyldipolyoxyethylene sulfonate, styrylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, sodium dodecylsulfate, diphenol polyoxyethylene ether, octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, etc., may be one or a mixture of more thereof.
The dispersant is as follows: sodium lignosulfonate, calcium lignosulfonate, sodium naphthalenesulfonate formaldehyde condensate (NNO), laureth, dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, alkylphenol ethoxylates, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether block copolymer, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene phosphate, CMC, sodium dibutylnaphthalene sulfonate, dodecylpolyoxyethylene ether phosphate, sodium polycarboxylate, polyarylphenol polyoxyethylene ether phosphate, polyvinyl alcohol, gum arabic, nekal BX (5, 6-dibutylnaphthalene-2-sulfonate), sodium methyl aminoethyl oleate, and the like, and may be one or a mixture of more.
The wetting agent is: sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, pesticide emulsion 2000 series, Span20, tween 60, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene, alkylaryl sulfonate, nekal, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfate, potassium oleate, dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, alkyl polyoxyethylene ether sulfonate, pesticide emulsion 100, pesticide emulsion 600, sorbitol polyoxyethylene ether, sodium diisooctyl succinate, etc., which can be one or a mixture of more.
The disintegrating agent is: urea, bentonite, citric acid, succinic acid, ammonium sulfate, sodium chloride, calcium and aluminum chloride, etc., and may be one or a mixture of more.
The thickening agent is selected from: xanthan gum, heteropolysaccharide, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, gelatin, agar, soluble starch and its derivatives, polyacrylate, natural polysaccharide, magnesium aluminum silicate, methylcellulose, alginic acid, silicic acid, etc., and can be one or more mixture.
The stabilizer is as follows: alkyl phosphate and alkoxide thereof, polyvinyl alcohol, potassium phosphate, bentonite, light calcium carbonate, white carbon black, diatomite, perlite powder, aryl phosphate, phosphite ester, polyol, alkyl sulfonate and substituted ammonium salt thereof, substituted epoxide and the like, and can be one or a mixture of more.
The antifreezing agent is: ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerin, sucrose, polyethylene glycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, urea, ammonium sulfate, calcium chloride, sodium chloride, etc., and may be a mixture of one or more.
The defoaming agent can be: ethoxylated polymers of glycerol, silicic acids, C8-C10 fatty alcohols, lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, sulfonamides, and the like.
The filler is as follows: one or more of kaolin, diatomite, argil, bentonite, montmorillonite, attapulgite, peat, white carbon black, starch and light calcium carbonate.
The adhesive comprises the following components: polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, soybean lecithin, gelatin, cyclodextrin, starch, etc., and may be one or a mixture of more.
The preservative may be: one or more of sodium salicylate, sodium benzoate, formaldehyde, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 1, 2-benzothiazolin-3-one (BIT).
The citrus tree tip control composition taking oxyfluorfen and prohexadione calcium as effective components has remarkable synergistic effect, can obviously reduce the use amount of the tip control agent, prolongs the effective period, and greatly improves the use safety compared with the single use; can effectively control the growth of summer shoots and autumn shoots of citrus trees, achieves the aims of controlling shoots, protecting flowers and protecting fruits, and is a labor-saving, time-saving, economic and effective way.
Detailed Description
The present invention is illustrated by the following specific examples, but the present invention is by no means limited to the following examples.
Example 1: the synergistic composition has tip control effect on citrus trees
The test was carried out at the testing base of the citrus institute of Jiangxi city, Jiangxi province. Selecting the Newhall navel orange trees with similar growth vigor for carrying out the test. 10 citrus trees are selected for each treatment, sprayed with the pesticide, and 10 tender tip tether markers in five directions of east, south, west and north are selected for each citrus tree and investigated. Experiment setup 32 treatments: (1) control drug 5% prohexadione calcium effervescent granule: 40, 60, 80, 120, 160, 200, 300, 400, 600, 800, 1200, 1400, 1600, 1800mg L-1. (2) Contrast medicament 240 g/l oxyfluorfen emulsifiable concentrate：20，30，40，80，100mg L-1. (3) 15% oxyfluorfen-prohexadione-calcium (1: 2) emulsifiable concentrate: 60, 90, 120mg L-1. (4) 30% oxyfluorfen-prohexadione-calcium (1: 4) suspending agent: 60, 90, 120mg L-1. (5) 22% oxyfluorfen-prohexadione-calcium (1: 10) microemulsion: 220, 330, 440mg L-1. (6): 21% oxyfluorfen-prohexadione-calcium (1: 20) water dispersible granule: 420, 630, 840mg L-1. (7) And (5) clear water control. The liquid medicine is diluted according to the designed concentration and is evenly sprayed from top to bottom by an 8L small-sized pneumatic gardening sprayer. And recording the number of the young shoots at 1d, 3d and 7d after the application of the pesticide, and calculating the young shoot killing rate of the pesticide and correcting the young shoot killing rate according to the following formulas.
The ratio of the killing rate to the number of young shoots before application of the medicine (number of young shoots before application of the medicine-number of young shoots after application of the medicine)/the number of young shoots before application of the medicine is multiplied by 100
Corrected tip-killing rate [ (treatment zone tip-control tip-killing rate)/(100-control tip-killing rate) × 100%
And evaluating the combined action of oxyfluorfen and prohexadione calcium on the tender tips of the oranges by adopting a Gowing method.
Firstly, the control effects of the single agent and the mixed agent are measured, then the theoretical control effect of the mixed agent is calculated through the actual measurement control effect of the single agent, and the theoretical control effect is compared with the actual measurement control effect of the mixed agent to evaluate the combined action.
The theoretical control effect calculation formula is as follows: e0＝X+Y-XY/100
In the formula:
x: the control effect of the herbicide A when the dosage is P;
y: the control effect of the herbicide B when the dosage is Q;
E0: theoretical control effect when the dosage of the herbicide A is P + theoretical control effect when the dosage of the herbicide B is Q;
e: the practical control effect of the herbicide A and the herbicide B after being mixed according to the proportion is achieved.
E-E0The synergistic effect is more than 10 percent; E-E0The antagonism is less than-10 percent; E-E0Values within. + -. 10% are additive effects.
The results show that: after 3 days of the application, oxyfluorfen and prohexadione calcium show certain inhibition effect on the length and the diameter of tender tips of citrus trees, and the inhibition effect is gradually enhanced along with the increase of the concentration of the medicament. The oxyfluorfen has stronger inhibiting effect on tender tips of oranges and tangerines and lower use concentration. Moreover, the inhibition rate of the oxyfluorfen and prohexadione calcium composition on the shoot length and diameter of the citrus trees is obviously higher than that of a single agent under the same dosage.
From the table 1, the fast-acting performance of oxyfluorfen is better than that of prohexadione calcium, the dosage of oxyfluorfen is far lower than that of prohexadione calcium, and the tip killing effects of oxyfluorfen and prohexadione calcium are gradually enhanced along with the increase of the concentration of the medicament. Moreover, the tip killing effect of the oxyfluorfen and prohexadione calcium composition on citrus trees is obviously superior to that of a control single agent, and the E-E obtained by compounding oxyfluorfen and prohexadione calcium is calculated according to the Gowing method0More than 10 percent, shows obvious synergistic effect.
TABLE 1 tip killing rate of different agents on tender tips of citrus trees
Administration of 2000mg L-1When the prohexadione calcium is in the above concentration, the investigation shows that the pesticide can be deposited at the bottom of the fruit to cause the phenomenon of phytotoxicity of fruit potholes. And the phenomenon of phytotoxicity is not found in all treatments of the oxyfluorfen and prohexadione calcium composition, which shows that the compounding of the oxyfluorfen and the prohexadione calcium can improve the safety of oranges while reducing the dosage of the medicament.
In addition, investigation finds that after the oxyfluorfen and prohexadione calcium composition is sprayed, the inhabitation rate of diaphorina citri on the tender tips of the oranges is greatly reduced along with withering of the tender tips of the oranges.
In conclusion, the oxyfluorfen and prohexadione calcium synergistic composition has a good tip killing effect on tender tips of citrus trees, and compared with a single agent, the composition has the advantages of unique action mechanism, small unit dosage, good quick action and long lasting period, so that the research and the development and the popularization of the composition can generate important economic and social benefits, and the composition has the potential of vigorous popularization and application.
Claims (4)
1. A citrus tree tip-controlling synergistic composition containing oxyfluorfen and prohexadione calcium is characterized in that the active ingredients are binary complex of oxyfluorfen and prohexadione calcium, and the mass ratio of the oxyfluorfen to the prohexadione calcium in the composition is 1: 2-1: 20.
2. The citrus tree tip-controlling synergistic composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the total weight of oxyfluorfen and prohexadione calcium in the preparation is 1-80% of the total weight of the preparation.
3. The citrus tree tip control synergistic composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the formulation of the composition is water dispersible granules, wettable powder, suspending agent, missible oil, microemulsion or aqueous emulsion.
4. Use of the synergistic composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3 for tip control in citrus trees.
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| 乙氧氟草醚对脐橙的控梢效果及对柑橘木虱栖息分布的影响;崔宗胤等;《农药学学报》;20200427;第1-11页 * |
| 植物生长调节剂调环酸钙的应用与发展现状;万翠等;《现代农药》;20161010;第15卷(第5期);第1-4页 * |
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