CN111149731B - Method for cultivating hybrid culter by utilizing hybrid strain of bream and culter - Google Patents
Method for cultivating hybrid culter by utilizing hybrid strain of bream and culter Download PDFInfo
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- CN111149731B CN111149731B CN201911397937.6A CN201911397937A CN111149731B CN 111149731 B CN111149731 B CN 111149731B CN 201911397937 A CN201911397937 A CN 201911397937A CN 111149731 B CN111149731 B CN 111149731B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating hybrid culter by utilizing a bream and culter hybrid strain, which comprises the following steps: and (2) carrying out distant hybridization by taking the megalobrama amblycephala as a female parent and taking the culter alburnus as a male parent, backcrossing the obtained female megalobrama amblycephala F1 and the male megalobrama amblycephala, and selecting the female hybrid megalobrama amblycephala with the body shape biased towards the culter alburnus from the obtained hybrid megalobrama amblycephala to be re-hybridized with the male culter alburnus to obtain the hybrid culter alburnus. The invention successfully obtains the improved allodiploid hybrid culter by utilizing the established bream and culter hybrid strain through methods of hybridization, backcross, rehybridization and the like, has the characteristics of high back, long body, difficult scale falling, less thorns, and fertile amphiprotic property, has high similarity with the shape of the culter alburnus, is a novel hybrid culter with stable biological characteristics, forms new high-quality fish and new germ plasm resources, and has important significance in the aspect of fish genetic breeding.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of distant hybridization of fishes, and particularly relates to a method for breeding a culter hybrid by utilizing a bream and culter hybrid strain.
Background
The distant hybridization technology can integrate genomes of different species, change the genetic composition of the species, quickly obtain hybrid progeny with improved characters, and is widely applied to the genetic breeding and improvement of aquatic products.
Megalobrama amblycephala (Ctenophagodon idellus, 2n ═ 48) belongs to Cyprinales, Cyprinidae, Erythroculter subfamily, Megalobrama amblycephala; the megalobrama amblycephala is flat, the back of the megalobrama amblycephala is obviously raised, the head and the mouth of the megalobrama amblycephala are small, and most megalobrama amblycephala are distributed at the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river; the megalobrama amblycephala has the advantages of herbivory, fast growth, high meat content, high nutritive value, delicious taste and the like, and is deeply loved by consumers and breeders. Erythroculter ilishaeformis (2n 48) belonging to Cyprinales, Cyprinidae, subfamily Erythroculter, Spanish; the body of the culter alburnus is elongated, the back of the head is straight, the back of the head is raised, and the back of the body is nearly straight; the culter alburnus is a large intensive carnivorous fish, grows rapidly, has tender meat quality and strong disease resistance, and is an important fresh water economic fish. During the eating process, the following are found: the number of the fine thorns of the megalobrama amblycephala is obviously less than that of the fine thorns of the culter alburnus; the following are found in the culture process: the megalobrama amblycephala in the same age is higher than that of the culter alburnus, and one important reason is that the megalobrama amblycephala is high in body back (high in meat percentage) and the culter alburnus is long in body (low in meat percentage); in the artificial breeding process, the following are found: the topmouth culter is easier to be injured than the megalobrama amblycephala because the topmouth culter scales are smaller and denser than the megalobrama amblycephala and are easier to be descaled and injured in the egg extruding or sperm extruding process; when the Megalobrama amblycephala culter F1 is used as a parent to prepare the hybrid culter, the biological characteristics such as the body type of offspring and the like are found to be easy to differentiate. Therefore, the established hybrid strains of the bream and the culter are used for genetic improvement on the culter alburnus, and the hybrid culter with high back, long body, difficult scale falling, less thorns and stable biological characteristics is obtained, so that the method has important significance in genetic breeding and production application.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects and shortcomings in the background technology and provide a method for cultivating hybrid culter fish with high back, long body, difficult scale falling, less thorns and stable biological characteristics.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention provides a method for cultivating hybrid culter by utilizing an established hybrid strain of bream and culter, which comprises the following steps: carrying out distant hybridization by taking the megalobrama amblycephala as a female parent and taking the culter alburnus as a male parent, backcrossing the obtained female megalobrama amblycephala and the obtained male megalobrama amblycephala, and carrying out re-hybridization on the obtained female hybridized megalobrama amblycephala and the male Erythroculter ilishaeformis to finally obtain the improved hybridized culter ilishaeformis.
The invention utilizes the established hybrid strain of the megalobrama amblycephala and the culter to successfully obtain the improved allodiploid hybrid culter which is amphoteric and fertile, has high similarity with the culter alburnus in appearance, has the characteristics of upwarping of the lip part and long body shape, and also has the characteristics of high back, difficult scale falling and less fine thorn of the megalobrama amblycephala; simultaneously has other advantages of parents: the hybrid culter has the advantages of high growth speed, tender meat, strong disease resistance and the like, is a novel hybrid culter with stable biological characteristics, forms new high-quality fishes and new germplasm resources, and has important significance in fish genetic breeding.
The method preferably specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) in the first production season (5-6 months), selecting female megalobrama amblycephala with good physical signs and raised and soft belly and male culter alburnus with slightly squeezed belly and milky semen as male and female parents, manually injecting a lutein releasing hormone analogue and chorionic gonadotropin for induced spawning, extruding ova of the female megalobrama amblycephala after estrus, uniformly mixing the extruded ova with the sperm of the culter alburnus, and carrying out artificial insemination to obtain hybrid fertilized ova;
(2) transferring the hybrid fertilized eggs obtained in the step (1) to a hatching tank for running water hatching until seedlings emerge, transferring the hybrid fish fries to a pond for further culture until sexual maturity (two years) to obtain Megalobrama amblycephala and Erythroculter ilishaeformis F1;
(3) in the third production season, selecting female bream and culter F1 with good physical signs and bulged and soft belly and male megalobrama amblycephala with slightly squeezed belly and milky semen from the bream and culter F1 obtained in the step (2) as male parents, manually injecting a lutein releasing hormone analogue and chorionic gonadotropin for induced spawning, extruding the ovum of the female bream and culter F1 after estrus, uniformly mixing the extruded ovum with the megalobrama sperm, and performing artificial insemination to obtain backcrossed fertilized eggs;
(4) transferring the backcross fertilized eggs obtained in the step (3) to an incubation tank for running water incubation until seedlings emerge, transferring the backcross fries to a pond for further culture until sexual maturity (two years) to obtain hybrid megalobrama amblycephala;
(5) in the fifth production season, selecting female hybrid megalobrama amblycephala with a body shape biased towards the megalobrama amblycephala from the hybrid megalobrama amblycephala obtained in the step (4) and male megalobrama amblycephala with slightly squeezed abdomen and milky semen as male and female parents respectively, manually injecting a lutein releasing hormone analogue and chorionic gonadotropin for induced spawning, after the female hybrid megalobrama amblycephala is estrualized, squeezing out ova of the female hybrid megalobrama amblycephala, uniformly mixing the ovum with the sperm of the megalobrama amblycephala, and performing artificial insemination to obtain hybrid fertilized ova;
(6) and (3) transferring the hybrid fertilized eggs obtained in the step (5) to a hatching tank for running water hatching until seedlings emerge, transferring the hybrid fish fries to a pond for further breeding to finally obtain the hybrid culter carps, and detecting the ploidy, the shape and the fertility of the hybrid culter carps.
Preferably, in the steps (1), (3) and (5), the induced spawning comprises the following steps: injecting the lutein release hormone analogue and chorionic gonadotropin into abdominal cavity from pectoral fin of parent fish, placing in induced spawning cage, constructing spawning ovary with palm sheet or net sheet, and estrus 12-14 hr after injecting mixed oxytocin into parent fish; the injection amount of the maternal parent fish is: 8-10ug/kg of lutein release hormone analogue, and 600IU/kg of chorionic gonadotropin (HCG); the injection amount of the male parent fish is half of that of the female parent fish.
Preferably, in the steps (1), (3) and (5), the artificial insemination comprises the following steps: fishing out the heat parent fish from the spawning induction cage, slightly squeezing the abdomen of the female parent fish to discharge mature eggs into an iron basin, preferably dark green; and meanwhile, slightly squeezing the abdomen of the male parent fish to discharge milky semen into an iron basin, slightly stirring and uniformly mixing the ovum and the semen by using goose feather, and uniformly spreading on a net piece to obtain the fertilized ovum.
Preferably, in the steps (2) and (4), after fry emergence, the fry is fished out from the hatching tank by using a dense net, transferred to a ceramic tank for cultivation to 2cm and then transferred to a pond for further cultivation, so that the survival rate of the fry is improved.
Preferably, in the step (5), the selection of the female-hybridized megalobrama amblycephala with the body shape biased towards the culter alburnus is to select the female-hybridized megalobrama amblycephala with the characteristics of upwarping of the upper lip part, long body, slightly high back and the like. The female culter type hybrid megalobrama amblycephala screened out in the way is hybridized with the culter alburnus, so that the problem of phenotypic differentiation of the second generation of hybrids can be avoided, and the method is favorable for obtaining the hybrid culter which is closer to the culter alburnus in body type and has stable biological characteristics.
Preferably, in the step (6), the number of chromosomes, the appearance characteristics and the fertility of the culter hybridus are detected by a chromosome method, an appearance measurement method and a slicing method. The number of chromosomes of the detected hybrid culter fish is 48, and the fish is an alloploid hybrid fish; the hybrid culter has high similarity with the culter alburnus in appearance, and has the characteristics of upwarping of the kiss portion, long shape, tender meat and the like; meanwhile, the characteristics of high back, difficult scale falling and less fine thorns of the megalobrama amblycephala are combined; the hybrid culter fish is amphoteric and fertile, and the sexual maturity time is two years.
According to the method for cultivating the hybrid culter, the improved hybrid culter with less fine thorns is obtained by hybridizing the culter alburnus with more fine thorns with the megalobrama amblycephala with less fine thorns twice, so that the quality of the meat is enhanced, and the taste of the meat is improved.
The improved hybrid culter fish is obtained by utilizing the methods of hybridization, backcross and rehybridization, and the reason is that the genome of the distant hybrid first-generation genome of the megalobrama amblycephala and the culter alburnus is often accompanied by genome shock or impact, so that the genome is unstable, the original parent genome is unevenly distributed in gametes in the meiosis process, character separation often occurs in the second generation, and the biological characteristics are unstable; on the basis of the hybrid megalobrama amblycephala (second generation), the invention breeds the culter-type female hybrid megalobrama amblycephala with excellent properties as a female parent and the male culter alburnus as a male parent, thereby obtaining the hybrid culter with stable phenotype.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention successfully obtains the improved allodiploid hybrid culter by utilizing the established bream and culter hybrid strain through methods of hybridization, backcross, rehybridization and the like, has the characteristics of high back, long body, difficult scale falling, less thorns, and fertile amphiprotic property, has high similarity with the shape of the culter alburnus, is a novel hybrid culter with stable biological characteristics, forms new high-quality fish and new germ plasm resources, and has important significance in the aspect of fish genetic breeding.
2. The direct male parent and the female parent of the hybrid culter are female hybrid megalobrama amblycephala and male megalobrama amblycephala, and the female culter type megalobrama amblycephala with obvious advantages in growth and disease resistance is bred as the female parent on the basis of differentiation of the hybrid megalobrama amblycephala, so that the problem of phenotypic differentiation of the second generation of hybrid seeds can be avoided, and the hybrid culter which is closer to the megalobrama amblycephala in body type and has stable biological characteristics can be obtained; the hybrid megalobrama amblycephala has high back and long body, and the egg amount of the hybrid megalobrama amblycephala with the same body length is far more than that of the megalobrama amblycephala, so that the seedling yield can be improved; the culter alburnus is impatient and is willing to jump, the culter alburnus is easy to be injured and killed in the processes of net-pulling and fish-beating and oxytocin injection, the hybrid bluntsnout bream is relatively mild in sex, and the injury proportion is relatively low; the hybridized megalobrama amblycephala has large scale, is not easy to scale, and is not easy to be injured or has small injury degree relative to the culter alburnus in the artificial oosperm-squeezing insemination process; the hybrid bream with the herbivory is herbivorous, the culter alburnus is carnivorous, relatively speaking, the hybrid bream with the herbivory is easier to raise, and the breeding cost is low.
3. The hybrid culter fish obtained by the invention integrates the chromosome of the parent, is an allodiploid fish and has the following characteristics: firstly, the kiss part of the hybrid culter fish upwarps and grows in shape the same as that of the culter alburnus, and the difference is obvious from that of the megalobrama amblycephala; secondly, the body back of the hybrid culter is higher than that of the culter alburnus, and the relative meat content is improved; thirdly, the scales of the hybrid culter fish are larger than those of the culter alburnus, so that the scales are more difficult to fall off and the injury is more difficult to die; fourthly, the number of the thin bones of the hybrid culter fish is reduced by 5.75 percent compared with that of the culter alburnus, and the meat quality of the culter fish is improved; fifthly, the hybrid culter fish has other advantages of parents: the growth speed is high, the meat quality is tender, the disease resistance is strong, and the like, so the fish can be popularized as a novel culter, and has good market prospect and economic value.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a process for the preparation of a culter hybrid;
FIG. 2 is a photograph showing the appearance of a megalobrama amblycephala (A), a culter alburnus (B), a hybrid megalobrama amblycephala (C) and a hybrid culter (D);
FIG. 3 is a chromosome map of a culter hybrid;
FIG. 4 is a section of the ovary (A) and testis (B) of a culter hybrids.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate understanding of the invention, the invention will be described more fully and in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, but the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments below.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms of art used hereinafter have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Unless otherwise specifically stated, various raw materials, reagents, instruments, equipment and the like used in the present invention are commercially available or can be prepared by existing methods.
Example (b):
a method for cultivating hybrid culter by utilizing a bream and culter hybrid strain is disclosed in the specific flow chart of figure 1, and comprises the following steps:
(1) in the first year of production (5-6 months), selecting female megalobrama amblycephala with good physical signs and a bulged and soft belly and male culter alburnus with slightly squeezed belly to generate milky semen as a male parent and a female parent respectively, manually injecting 8ug/kg of lutein release hormone analogue (LRH-A) and 500IU/kg of chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) to the female parent fish to hasten parturition, injecting the mixed oxytocin to the abdominal cavity from the pectoral fin of the parent fish, placing the parent fish in a spawning cage, building a spawning ovary by using a palm sheet or a net sheet, hastening the spawning of the male parent fish by adopting the same method, wherein the injection amount of the male parent fish is half of that of the female parent fish; after 12h, the female megalobrama amblycephala estruses, the ovum of the female megalobrama amblycephala estruses is extruded and evenly mixed with the sperm of the culter alburnus, artificial insemination is carried out, the estrous parent fish is fished out from an induced spawning cage, the abdomen of the female parent fish is slightly extruded, and mature ovum is discharged into an iron basin, preferably dark green; meanwhile, slightly squeezing the abdomen of the male parent fish to discharge milky semen into an iron basin, slightly stirring and uniformly mixing the ovum and the semen by using goose feather, and uniformly spreading on a net piece to obtain a hybrid fertilized ovum;
(2) transferring the hybrid fertilized eggs obtained in the step (1) to an incubation tank for running water incubation until seedlings emerge, fishing out the fish fries from the incubation tank by using a dense net, transferring the fish fries to a ceramic jar for culturing to 2cm, and transferring the fish fries to a pond for further culturing until sexual maturity (two years) to obtain Megalobrama amblycephala and Erythroculter F1;
(3) in the third production season, female bream and culter F1 with good physical signs and bulged and soft belly and male megalobrama amblycephala with slightly squeezed belly and milky semen are selected from the bream and culter F1 obtained in the step (2) and respectively used as a male parent and a female parent, 8ug/kg of lutein release hormone analogue (LRH-A) and 500IU/kg of chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) are manually injected into the female parent fish to hasten parturition, the female parent fish is placed in a spawning cage after the mixed oxytocin is injected into the abdominal cavity from the pectoral fin of the parent fish, an ovary is built by a palm sheet or a net sheet, the male parent fish is hasten parturition by the same method, and the injection amount of the male parent fish is half of that of the female parent fish; after 12h, the female bream and culter F1 estruses, the ovum is extruded and evenly mixed with the sperm of the megalobrama amblycephala, artificial insemination is carried out, the estrous parent fish is fished out from the induced spawning cage, the abdomen of the female parent fish is slightly squeezed, and mature ovum is discharged into an iron basin, preferably dark green; meanwhile, slightly squeezing the abdomen of the male parent fish to discharge milky semen into an iron basin, slightly stirring and uniformly mixing the ovum and the semen by using goose feather, and uniformly spreading the mixture on a net piece to obtain backcrossed fertilized eggs;
(4) transferring the backcross fertilized eggs obtained in the step (3) to an incubation tank for running water incubation until seedlings emerge, fishing out the fish fries from the incubation tank by using a dense net, transferring the fish fries to a ceramic jar for culturing to 2cm, and transferring the fish fries to a pond for further culturing until sexual maturity (two years) to obtain hybrid raised-mouth breams;
(5) in the fifth production season, female hybrid megalobrama amblycephala with good physical signs and bulged and soft belly (leaning towards culter alburnus in body shape, namely upwarping of the kiss part, growing of the body and slightly high back of the body) and male megalobrama amblycephala with slightly squeezed belly and milky semen are respectively selected from the hybrid megalobrama amblycephala obtained in the step (4) as male and female parents, 8ug/kg of lutein release hormone analogue (LRH-A) and 500IU/kg of chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) are manually injected into the female parent fish to hasten parturition, the female parent fish is placed in a hasten parturition cage after the mixed oxytocin is injected into the abdominal cavity through pectoral fins, an ovary is built by palm sheets or meshes, the male parent fish is hasten parturition by the same method, and the injection amount of the male parent fish is half of the female parent fish; after 12h, the female hybrid bream estruses, the ovum is extruded and evenly mixed with the sperm of the culter alburnus, artificial insemination is carried out, the estrus parent fish is fished out from an induced spawning cage, the abdomen of the female parent fish is slightly extruded, and mature ovum is discharged into an iron basin, preferably dark green; meanwhile, slightly squeezing the abdomen of the male parent fish to discharge milky semen into an iron basin, slightly stirring and uniformly mixing the ovum and the semen by using goose feather, and uniformly spreading on a net piece to obtain a hybrid fertilized ovum;
(6) and (4) transferring the hybrid fertilized eggs obtained in the step (5) to a hatching tank for running water hatching until seedlings emerge, transferring the hybrid fish fries to a pond for further breeding to finally obtain hybrid culter carps, and detecting the chromosome number, the appearance characteristics and the fertility of the hybrid culter carps by utilizing a chromosome method, an appearance measurement method and a slicing method.
After 15 months of fry rearing, sampling immediately, measuring and analyzing the appearance related data, and comparing the data with the data of each adult fish of megalobrama amblycephala, the Erythroculter ilishaeformis and the hybrid culter respectively, wherein the results are shown in Table 1:
table 1: quantitative comparison of megalobrama amblycephala, culter alburnus, megalobrama amblycephala and culter hybridus
The above data relating to the countable traits show that: the full length/length, the length/height and the height/height of the hybrid culter are all between those of the megalobrama amblycephala and the culter alburnus, the characters are intermediate, and the hybrid effect is obvious, so that the hybrid culter source megalobrama amblycephala and culter hybrid strain is shown; the growth/height of the hybrid culter body is obviously inclined to the culter alburnus, which shows that the hybrid culter body is similar to the culter alburnus (figure 2), but the height of the hybrid culter body is higher than that of the culter alburnus.
And then sampling and detecting the number of blood chromosomes of the culter hybrids by using a chromosome ploidy detection method of peripheral blood cell culture, wherein a chromosome map is shown in figure 3, and the culter hybrids are all diploid (2n ═ 48).
Meanwhile, the gonad development condition of the hybrid culter of 15 months old is checked by a paraffin slicing method, as shown in fig. 4, the ovary is developed to the stage II, the spermary is developed to the lobular spermary, the spermary is filled with mature sperms, and the detection result shows that the sex is both fertile.
The invention obtains the hybrid culter fish with various advantages by repeatedly comparing and testing and utilizing the established hybrid strain and selecting the hybrid megalobrama amblycephala as a female parent and the culter alburnus as a male parent, and is characterized in that:
1. the invention successfully obtains the improved allodiploid hybrid culter by utilizing the established bream and culter hybrid strain through methods of hybridization, backcross, rehybridization and the like, has the characteristics of high back, long body, difficult scale falling, less thorns, and fertile amphiprotic property, has high similarity with the shape of the culter alburnus, is a novel hybrid culter with stable biological characteristics, forms new high-quality fish and new germ plasm resources, and has important significance in the aspect of fish genetic breeding.
2. According to the invention, the obtained direct male parent and female parent of the hybrid culter are female hybrid megalobrama amblycephala and male megalobrama amblycephala, and on the basis of the hybrid megalobrama amblycephala, the culter type female hybrid megalobrama amblycephala is bred as the female parent, so that the problem of phenotypical differentiation of the second generation of hybrids can be avoided, and the hybrid culter which is closer to the culter in body type and has stable biological characteristics can be obtained; the hybrid megalobrama amblycephala has high back and long body, and the egg amount of the hybrid megalobrama amblycephala with the same body length is far more than that of the megalobrama amblycephala, so that the seedling yield can be improved; the culter alburnus is impatient and is willing to jump, the culter alburnus is easy to be injured and killed in the processes of net-pulling and fish-beating and oxytocin injection, the hybrid bluntsnout bream is relatively mild in sex, and the injury proportion is relatively low; the hybridized megalobrama amblycephala has large scale, is not easy to scale, and is not easy to be injured or has small injury degree relative to the culter alburnus in the artificial oosperm-squeezing insemination process; the hybrid bream with the herbivory is herbivorous, the culter alburnus is carnivorous, relatively speaking, the hybrid bream with the herbivory is easier to raise, and the breeding cost is low.
3. The hybrid culter fish obtained by the invention integrates the chromosome of the parent, is an allodiploid fish and has the following characteristics: firstly, the kiss part of the hybrid culter fish upwarps and grows in shape the same as that of the culter alburnus, and the difference is obvious from that of the megalobrama amblycephala; secondly, the body back of the hybrid culter is higher than that of the culter alburnus, and the relative meat content is improved; thirdly, the scales of the hybrid culter fish are larger than those of the culter alburnus, so that the scales are more difficult to fall off and the injury is more difficult to die; fourthly, the number of the thin bones of the hybrid culter fish is reduced by 5.75 percent compared with that of the culter alburnus, and the meat quality of the culter fish is improved; fifthly, the hybrid culter fish has other advantages of parents: the growth speed is high, the meat quality is tender, the disease resistance is strong, and the like, so the fish can be popularized as a novel culter, and has good market prospect and economic value.
Claims (4)
1. A method for cultivating hybrid culter by utilizing a bream and culter hybrid strain is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting female megalobrama amblycephala with good physical signs and raised and soft belly and male culter alburnus with slightly squeezed belly to respectively serve as male and female parents in a production season, manually injecting a lutein releasing hormone analogue and chorionic gonadotropin to hasten parturition, extruding ova of the female megalobrama amblycephala and uniformly mixing the extruded ova with the sperms of the megalobrama amblycephala after estrus, and carrying out artificial insemination to obtain hybrid fertilized ova;
(2) transferring the hybrid fertilized eggs obtained in the step (1) to a hatching tank for running water hatching until seedlings emerge, transferring the hybrid fish fries to a pond for further culture until sexual maturity, and obtaining Megalobrama amblycephala and Megalobrama culter F1;
(3) in a production season, selecting female bream and culter F1 with good physical signs and bulged and soft belly and male megalobrama amblycephala with slightly squeezed belly and milky semen from the bream and culter F1 obtained in the step (2) as male and female parents respectively, manually injecting a lutein releasing hormone analogue and chorionic gonadotropin for induced spawning, after the female bream and culter F1 estruses, extruding ova of the female bream and culter F1, uniformly mixing the extruded ova with the megalobrama amblycephala semen, and performing artificial insemination to obtain backcrossed fertilized ova;
(4) transferring the backcross fertilized eggs obtained in the step (3) to an incubation tank for running water incubation until seedlings emerge, transferring the backcross fries to a pond for further culture until sexual maturity, and obtaining the hybrid megalobrama amblycephala;
(5) in a production season, selecting female hybrid megalobrama amblycephala biased to the megalobrama amblycephala in shape from the hybrid megalobrama amblycephala obtained in the step (4) and male megalobrama amblycephala slightly squeezing out the abdomen to generate milky semen as male and female parents respectively, manually injecting lutein releasing hormone analogue and chorionic gonadotropin to hasten parturition, after the female hybrid megalobrama amblycephala estris estrualized, extruding out ovum of the female hybrid megalobrama amblycephala, uniformly mixing the ovum with the sperm of the megalobrama amblycephala, and performing artificial insemination to obtain hybrid fertilized eggs; the selection of the female hybrid mouth-tilting bream with the body shape biased towards the culter alburnus is to select the female hybrid mouth-tilting bream with the upper lip part of the body shape, a long body and a slightly higher back;
(6) transferring the hybrid fertilized eggs obtained in the step (5) to a hatching tank for running water hatching until seedlings emerge, transferring the hybrid fish fries to a pond for further breeding to finally obtain the hybrid culter, and detecting the ploidy, the shape and the fertility of the hybrid culter;
in the steps (1), (3) and (5), the induced spawning comprises the following steps: injecting the lutein release hormone analogue and chorionic gonadotropin into abdominal cavity from pectoral fin of parent fish, placing in induced spawning cage, constructing spawning ovary with palm sheet or net sheet, and estrus 12-14 hr after injecting mixed oxytocin into parent fish; the injection amount of the maternal parent fish is: 8-10ug/kg of lutein release hormone analogue, and 600IU/kg of chorionic gonadotropin (HCG); the injection amount of the male parent fish is half of that of the female parent fish.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in steps (1), (3) and (5), artificial insemination comprises the steps of: fishing out the heat parent fish from the spawning induction cage, slightly squeezing the abdomen of the female parent fish, and discharging mature eggs into an iron basin; and meanwhile, slightly squeezing the abdomen of the male parent fish to discharge milky semen into an iron basin, slightly stirring and uniformly mixing the ovum and the semen by using goose feather, and uniformly spreading on a net piece to obtain the fertilized ovum.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the steps (2) and (4), after fry emergence, the fry is fished out of the hatching tank by using a dense net, transferred into a ceramic jar for cultivation to 2cm and then transferred into a pond for further cultivation.
4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in the step (6), the number of chromosomes, the shape characteristics and the fertility of the hybrid culter fish are detected by a chromosome method, a shape measurement method and a slicing method.
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