CN107347747A - A kind of construction method for growing the hybridization triangular bream Culter pierced between fast and few flesh - Google Patents
A kind of construction method for growing the hybridization triangular bream Culter pierced between fast and few flesh Download PDFInfo
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- CN107347747A CN107347747A CN201710788633.7A CN201710788633A CN107347747A CN 107347747 A CN107347747 A CN 107347747A CN 201710788633 A CN201710788633 A CN 201710788633A CN 107347747 A CN107347747 A CN 107347747A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16B—BIOINFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR GENETIC OR PROTEIN-RELATED DATA PROCESSING IN COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
- G16B25/00—ICT specially adapted for hybridisation; ICT specially adapted for gene or protein expression
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of construction method for the hybridization triangular bream Culter for growing and being pierced between fast and few flesh, mouth Culter male parents are stuck up as female parent with ChangJiang River using the Qiantang River, Guangdong Dong Jiang triangular bream respectively and carry out distant hybridization, the new triangular bream Culter of Dong Jiang triangular bream (♀) × stick up mouth Culter (♂) F1 is filtered out and hybridizes excellent combination.Using megalobrama amblycephala (♀) × stick up mouth Culter (♂) F1 hybridization, triangular bream, 4 mouth Culter, megalobrama amblycephala self-bred progeny colonies are stuck up as control population, and comparative analysis between the growth performance of MT ♀ × CA ♂ hybridization F1 filial generations, form and flesh pierces the differences such as character.As a result show：(1) MT ♀ × CA ♂ show notable (P<0.05) super parents' growth vigor, total weight are also significantly greater than MA ♀ × CA ♂；(2) Dong Jiang triangular bream ♀ × stick up mouth Culter ♂ F1 pierce reduction between flesh, are advantageous to improve the new triangular bream Culter hybridization fish of the advantage of flesh of fish deep processing and edible quality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of aquaculture, is a kind of hybridization triangular bream Culter for growing and being pierced between fast and few flesh specifically
Construction method.
Background technology
Distant hybridization is the important means of fish breeding, after merit and increase that parent can be effectively shifted using hybridization
The hereditary variation in generation, so as to obtain superior hybrid crosses new varieties, the more excellent kind of culture performance is cultivated to aquatic products industry to be had emphatically
The meaning wanted.At present, substantial amounts of fish hybridization breeding research has been carried out both at home and abroad, the results showed that can effectively improve by hybridization
The speed of growth of filial generation, disease resistance, resistance etc., there is positive role, but practical application Mesichthyes to cultivating excellent new strain
The more difficult acquisition offspring of distant hybridization, the cross combination that can show the one's own long advantage of excess of export are then less.From late 1950s to
The present, China has carried out the fish hybridization experiment more than 100 cross combination, wherein including 3 mesh, 7 sections, altogether more than 40
Kind fish.Obtained so far including megalobrama amblycephala (Megalobrama amblycephala) (♀) × stick up mouth Culter
(Erythroculter ilishaeformis)3 Culter subfamily fish generic cross combination inside, but relevant triangular bream
(Megalobram terminalis) and the hybridization research stuck up between mouth Culter (E.ilishaeformis) have not been reported.
It is intermuscular bone that (intermuscular bone, IB) is pierced between flesh, the os osseum spinule in fish intermuscular septum, positioned at vertebra
In the intermuscular septum of bone both sides.It is universal visible in Teleostei.It is small that neural arch is classified as according to thorn attachment position in fish body between flesh
Bone (is attached in epaxial muscle intermuscular septum), and epipleurals (are attached in hypaxial musculature intermuscular septum), centrum ossiculum (attachment and centrum
On).External Patterson and Johnson mainly for 125 category teleost representative species fleshes between lunge gone observation and analysis,
And research is pierced between China's fish flesh and relates generally to common Cyprinidae cultured fishes crucian carp (Carassius auratus), silver carp
(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), flathead (Aristichthys nobilis), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon
Idellus), carp (Cyprinus carpio) etc..In recent years, the research pierced between triangular bream, Culter fish fleshes is also paid attention to further, and all ages are bright
Et al. Primary Study number, form and the ossific process of megalobrama amblycephala (M.amblycephala) intermuscular bone；Jiang Wen chessboards et al. are united
Meter analyzes the number pierced between Culter triangular breams F1, F2 and its parent's flesh, form and distribution.
Triangular bream adheres to Culter subfamilies triangular bream category and Culter category separately with mouth Culter is stuck up, more fresh for the economic fish of preciousness, the two meat
U.S., but growth performance is not so good as megalobrama amblycephala.Both have larger difference in physiological ecological.It is strong predacious fish to stick up mouth Culter,
Specific shape is longer, answers and pierces the features such as thin and more between acute strong, flesh, and scale is easy to fall off, and breeding feed cost is high；And triangular bream
For ominivore-fish, the bodily form is higher, scale is relatively difficult for drop-off, it is relatively thick to be pierced between flesh and it is few the features such as.So far, development is miscellaneous
Hand over it is related to sticking up mouth Culter in combination research mainly include inter-species and subfamily intermolecular hybrid, such as stick up mouth Culter (♀) × megalobrama amblycephala (♂), group
Head triangular bream (♀) × stick up mouth Culter (♂), grass carp (♀) × stick up mouth Culter (♂), erythroculter ilishaeformis (the ♀) × red Culter in Hainan (♂).In existing literature
The crossing work related to triangular bream is relatively fewer, including triangular bream (♀) × megalobrama amblycephala (♂) and its reciprocal cross, Changchun bream
(♀) × triangular bream (♂), and on the hybridization triangular bream Culter construction methods of the present invention, it yet there are no report.
The content of the invention
First purpose of the present invention is to be directed to deficiency of the prior art, there is provided is pierced between a kind of fast and few flesh of growth miscellaneous
Hand over triangular bream Culter construction method.
Second object of the present invention is to be directed to deficiency of the prior art, there is provided a kind of triangular bream (♀) × stick up mouth Culter
The determination methods of (♂) F1, megalobrama amblycephala (♀) × stick up mouth Culter (♂) F1 and its parent.
To realize above-mentioned first purpose, the present invention adopts the technical scheme that：
A kind of construction method for growing the hybridization triangular bream Culter pierced between fast and few flesh, comprises the following steps：
(1) parental source：Female parent is triangular bream, and for male parent to stick up mouth Culter, Parent is sexal maturity and well-developed 3 age
Fish；
(2) artificial induced spawning：Using HCG and LHRH-A2, hybrid injection, injection dosage milter halve compared with raun when afternoon 4；
(3) it is fertilized and hatches：Essence, ovum is taken morning next day to carry out artificial dry method insemination to parent population, incubating oosperm is placed in training
Support in ware, water is changed at interval until membrane, when after the disappearance of fry yolk bag and can put down trip, is transferred in native pond and cultivates.
As the preferred embodiment of the present invention, after oxytocic drug injection, parent population is temporarily supported into spawning pond, simultaneously
Stimulation by running water.
As the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the female parent is Dong Jiang triangular bream or Qiantang River triangular bream；It is described
Male parent is that Dianshan Lake sticks up mouth Culter.
To realize above-mentioned second purpose, the present invention adopts the technical scheme that：
A kind of triangular bream (♀) × sticking up mouth Culter (♂) F1, megalobrama amblycephala (♀) × sticks up the judgement side of mouth Culter (♂) F1 and its parent
Method, comprise the following steps：
Measure high tested fish length/body, body length/long, long/kiss length, caudal peduncle length/caudal peduncle is high, body length/back of the body spine is long, D1-
2/TL、D1-3/TL、D3-5/TL、D7-9/TL、D4-6/TL、D6-8/TL、D4-3/TL、D6-3/TL、D6-7/TL、D8-5/TL、
This 19 parameters of D8-7/TL, D8-9/TL, D10-7 and D10-9, are represented with C1~C19, surveyed data are substituted into down respectively respectively
Establish an equation, calculate functional value, the maximum colony for being considered as its affiliated equation and representing of functional value；Wherein TL represents total length, and D is two
Length between site representated by numeral, the site behind D representated by numeral are：1. pectoral fin starting point, 2. kiss front ends, 3. abdomeinal fins rise
Point, 4. rear ends, 5. anal fin starting points, 6. dorsal fin starting points, 7. anal fin ends, 8. dorsal fin ends, 9. tail fin belly starting points,
10. tail fin back starting point；
MT：
Y1=149.174C1+15.096C2+8.708C3+110.647C4+19.502C5+1360.66 8C6-
392.984C7+233.273C8+445.288C9-283.214C10+288.945C11+802.767C12+1314.886C13+
1405.235C14-236.627C15+1040.918C16-41.301C17+2090.639C18-1274.455C19-
1271.940；
MA：
Y2=183.431C1+8.717C2+5.478C3+144.725C4+17.395C5+1186.440 C6-380.632C7
+308.964C8+486.069C9-250.585C10+327.039C11+1028.873C12+1458.390C13+
1466.454C14-412.395C15+1200.657C16-277.179C17+1339.928C18-898.681C19-
1389.754；
CA：
Y3=143.933C1+16.512C2+10.223C3+93.347C4+21.045C5+1446.73 3C6-
342.419C7+138.574C8+370.380C9-164.153C10+386.746C11+852.098C12+1230.767C13+
1386.313C14-265.894C15+1027.612C16-27.999C17+2120.624C18-1002.737C19-
1323.847；
Y4=154.093C1+16.365C2+7.976C3+118.061C4+22.474C5+1179.20 6C6-
427.603C7+270.218C8+439.603C9-254.274C10+388.348C11+743.699C12+1348.322C13+
1459.375C14-283.819C15+1082.239C16-40.486C17+1934.575C18-1238.859C19-
1294.296；
Y5=150.096C1+14.653C2+8.698C3+107.074C4+23.214C5+1246.45 4C6-
417.683C7+286.900C8+394.490C9-138.303C10+328.362C11+734.599C12+1365.193C13+
1398.060C14-287.290C15+994.903C16-44.982C17+1958.563C18-1084.662C19-1281.055。
The present invention is stuck up mouth Culter male parents as female parent using the Qiantang River, Guangdong Dong Jiang triangular bream with ChangJiang River and carried out far respectively
Edge hybridizes, and filters outNew triangular bream Culter hybridizes excellent combination.With Hybridization, triangular bream (MT), mouth Culter (CA), megalobrama amblycephala (MA) are stuck up from jiao zi
In generation, 4 colonies were control population, comparative analysisHybridize and pierce character between the growth performances of F1 filial generations, form and flesh
Difference.Main result is：(1) Tu Chi is analyzed with pond growth performance and shown, 1+Age grade section,With with maternal MT,The speed of growth approach,WithAll show notable (P<0.05) super male parent
CA hybrid vigours；2+Age grade section,WithThe speed of growth approach, show notable (P<0.05)
Super parents' growth vigor；3+During age grade section,Show notable (P<0.05) super parents' growth vigor, it is overall
Heavy also significantly (P<0.05) it is higher than(2)Denumerable and metric characters majority show as osculant.
The analysis result of denumerable character shows,Multiple characters such as stern fin ray are between Parent, average hybrid index
For 65.00, close to median, slightly toward in male parent CA.Metric characters analysis showsHave 7 characters respectively with
Parent significant difference, average hybrid index is 51.61, close to preferable median.(3) cluster analysis shows triangular bream Culter hybridsWithGather for one, MT and MA gather for one, then gather after this two convergences with CA for one.
Principal component analysis obtains contribution rate of accumulative total up to 56.02% 3 principal components, reflects the shape of fish body height, trunk, head and afterbody
State makes a variation；By building the discriminant function of 5 colonies, discriminant analysis is carried out, it is 87.1%~100.0% to differentiate accuracy rate.(4)
Number analysis shows are pierced between flesh,Averagely there are 127.0, (CA is average in maternal (MT average values 124) and male parent
Value 137) between, deviation is maternal, notable (P<0.05) it is less than triangular bream Culter hybrids(average value 133).(5) flesh
Between thorn form comparative result show,With remaining 4 colony containing " I " shape, " fore-telling " shape, Y-shaped, one end multi-fork
Pierced between 7 kinds of shape, the fork-shaped of both ends two, the more fork-shapeds in both ends and dendriform morphotype fleshes, epineurals it is more with respect to epipleurals and
It is complicated.Thorn statistics is found between 7 kinds of form fleshes,Have 4 kinds of forms number and ratio and the equal conspicuousness of Parent it is poor
Different (P<0.05), wherein there is 3 kinds to be between Parent.Further conclude flesh between thorn for simple type, osculant, complexity,It is maximum that accounting is pierced between simple type flesh, number and ratio are pierced between simple type and complexity flesh between parent,
Pierced between osculant flesh then close to male parent.(6) thorn distribution research shows between flesh,It is similar with remaining 4 colony, fish body
Number, the form each side pierced between the flesh of position are not fully identical, but overall close；Thorn is by front end to afterbody, shape between flesh
State is more and more simpler；In the upper and lower flesh of tailing axleNumber to be pierced between flesh to be closer to parent, variation is little, and on body axle,
In lower fleshIt is larger that Number Variation is pierced between flesh.
To sum up shown in research,Hybrid shows that growth is fast, form is excellent, is pierced between flesh
Less and the form merit such as simply, it is expected to further cultivate excellent triangular bream Culter hybrid new breeds.
Brief description of the drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is frame structure DATA REASONING schematic diagram.1. pectoral fin starting point；2. kiss front end；3. abdomeinal fin starting point；A 4. back
End；5. anal fin starting point；6. dorsal fin starting point；7. anal fin end；8. dorsal fin end；9. tail fin belly starting point；10. tail fin back is risen
Point.
Accompanying drawing 2 adopts sample area schematic between flesh.
Accompanying drawing 3 is 5 colony's body weight and age correlations.
Accompanying drawing 4 isAnd its form of parent.A.
Triangular bream；B. mouth Culter is stuck up；C. megalobrama amblycephala；D.E.
Accompanying drawing 5 is 5 colony morphology dendrograms.
Accompanying drawing 6 is 5 colony's principal components 1 to the scatter diagram of principal component 2.
The form that accompanying drawing 7 pierces between 5 colony's fleshes.A. triangular bream；B. mouth Culter is stuck up；C. megalobrama amblycephala；D. E.
Accompanying drawing 8 pierces number (A) and ratio (B) between various form fleshes.The identical expression difference of letter does not show above figure center pillar
Write, letter is different to represent significant difference (P<0.05).
Accompanying drawing 9 pierces number (A) and ratio (B) between 3 type fleshes.The identical expression difference of letter does not show above figure center pillar
Write, letter is different to represent significant difference (P<0.05).
The morphological observation that accompanying drawing 10 pierces between triangular bream flesh.A：Triangular bream entirety bone X-ray transmission plot；B：Scheme A square frames
Regional enlarged drawing；C：Thorn by being sequentially arranged in order from the beginning to the end between flesh.
The morphological observation that accompanying drawing 11 pierces between megalobrama amblycephala flesh.A：Megalobrama amblycephala entirety bone X-ray transmission plot；B：Scheme A square frames
Regional enlarged drawing；C：Thorn by being sequentially arranged in order from the beginning to the end between flesh
Accompanying drawing 12 is to stick up the morphological observation pierced between mouth Culter fleshes.A：Stick up mouth Culter entirety bone X-ray transmission plots；B：Scheme A square frames
Regional enlarged drawing；C：Thorn by being sequentially arranged in order from the beginning to the end between flesh
Accompanying drawing 13 isThe morphology pierced between flesh is seen.A：
Overall bone X-ray transmission plot；B：Scheme A boxed area enlarged drawings；C：Thorn by being sequentially arranged in order from the beginning to the end between flesh.
Accompanying drawing 14 is megalobrama amblycephala (♀) × stick up the morphological observation pierced between mouth Culter (♂) F1 fleshes.A：Megalobrama amblycephala (♀) × stick up mouth
Culter (♂) F1 entirety bone X-ray transmission plots；B：Scheme A boxed area enlarged drawings；C：Thorn by being sequentially arranged in order from the beginning to the end between flesh.
The distribution that accompanying drawing 15 pierces between 5 colony's different parts fleshes.
Embodiment
The invention will be further elucidated with reference to specific embodiments.It should be understood that these embodiments are merely to illustrate this hair
Bright rather than limitation the scope of the present invention.In addition, it is to be understood that after the content of the invention recorded has been read, art technology
Personnel can make various changes or modifications to the present invention, and these equivalent form of values equally fall within the application appended claims and limited
Fixed scope.
Embodiment 1
1 material and method
1.1 parental sources, artificial induced spawning, fertilization and hatching
In mid-May, 2013,Hybrid experiment is real in Shanghai Ocean University's Qingpu fish breeding
Station is tested to carry out.Female parent is the Qiantang River and Guangdong Dong Jiang triangular bream, and male parent is that ChangJiang River Dianshan Lake sticks up mouth Culter, and Parent is property
It is ripe and well-developed 3+Age fish.Hasten parturition more female using HCG and LHRH-A2 hybrid injection, injection dosage milter when afternoon 4
Fish halves.After oxytocic drug injection, parent population is temporarily supported into circular spawning pond (diameter about 2m), while stimulation by running water, morning next day
Essence, ovum is taken to carry out artificial dry method insemination to parent population.Incubating oosperm is placed in culture dish, and a water is changed until membrane every 4h.
When after fry yolk bag disappears and trip can be put down, fry is transferred in 20m × 30m native pond and cultivated.Simultaneously establish triangular bream,
Stick up mouth Culter inbreeding populations.Used below filial generation colonyRepresent.Triangular bream, stick up
Mouth Culter, megalobrama amblycephala self progeny colony are represented with MT, CA, MA respectively.Control Filial generation
WithRepresent.
1.2 growth fractions compared with
Contrast test is cultivated to carry out in Shanghai Ocean University's Qingpu fish breeding experiment centre.By the triangular bream Culter hybrid generations of the same period
The tail of fry 1000, each 200 tail of MT, CA, MA fry are put in 600m2Native pond culture.Respectively in December, 2014,2015 years 12
The moon and period period three in December, 2016 are to the 1 of 5 experiment colonies+Age, 2+Age and 3+Age grade section fish draws in the net harvesting, each group
Body difference grab sample 70 tail carries out the measurement of long total length, body, body height and body weight.
1.3 morphological datas measure
In December, 2015, to the 2 of 5 experiment colonies+Age grade section fish draws in the net harvesting, and the tail of grab sample 70 enters respectively for each colony
Row morphology and frame structure DATA REASONING.Morphological data includes denumerable character and metric characters, denumerable character have Dorsal fin spine,
Abdomeinal fin bar, stern fin ray, lateral line scales, squama under squama and survey line on survey line, totally 6；Metric characters have body weight, total length, body are long, body is high,
Long, kiss length, eye spacing, eye footpath, caudal peduncle is high, caudal peduncle is long, back of the body spine grows, totally 11.The choosing of frame structure DATA REASONING anchor point
The method for selecting reference literature, 20 items, circuit theory schematic diagram are shown in Fig. 1.Compasses are taken to coordinate ruler to carry out DATA REASONING, essence
Really arrive 0.01cm.Body weight is determined with electronic balance, is accurate to 0.1g.
1.4 data analysis
Denumerable trait data is calculatedHybrid index (hybrid index, HI):
HI=100 × (Hi-Mi1)/(Mi2-Mi1)
In formula, Hi is hybrid average value；Mi1For maternal average value；Mi2For male parent average value.HI>45 and HI<Among 55 category
Character, HI>100 or HI<0 is super close deviancy, HI>55 inclined paternal characters, HI<45 inclined maternal characters.
For statistical error caused by reduction fish body size, metric characters parameter is converted into ratio character parameter, 20 frames
Frame structured data is converted into the scale parameter with total length.Data can be measured and take long total length/body, body length/body height, a body length/long, head
Length/kiss length, long/eye footpath, long/eye spacing, body length/caudal peduncle length, caudal peduncle length/caudal peduncle height, body length/back of the body spine grow totally 9 ratio,
Variance analysis, the significance test of LSD methods and the hybrid index for calculating hybrid generation are made to each metric characters using SPSS 22
HI.All survey calculations are analyzed using SPSS 22, after carrying out cluster analysis to 20 frame structure data, can be measured with reference to 9
Character scale parameter carries out principal component analysis and discriminant analysis again.
Thorn dissection and X-ray transmission between 1.5 fleshes
In December, 2016, respectively in 3+5 tails of test fish colony grab sample 10 of age grade section, anatomic observation, divide
Number, form and distribution are pierced between the flesh of Xi Ge test fish colony.The sampling specification of 5 kinds of test fish is shown in Table 7.To fresh experiment fish
After carrying out conventional body length, measured body weight, to bind up with gauze fish body, put into boiling water pot and steam 30 minutes.Take out, treat that slightly cooling is torn open
Except gauze, fish-skin is carefully peelled off with tweezers, is started with left side, carefully rejected muscle according to muscle segment from front to back and take out and pierce between flesh,
Ordered arrangement is pierced between flesh and is photographed to record.The division reference Dong Jie at each position of fish body et al. method, is divided into 4 positions, on
Under (back of the body abdomen) be divided into epaxial muscle, hypaxial musculature by boundary of vertebrae, it is front and rear to be divided into trunk muscles and afterbody flesh by boundary of abdominal cavity trailing edge.Flesh
Between adopt sample area schematic and see Fig. 2.By the 3 of 5 kinds of test fish colonies of research+Age fish delivers to Shanghai Sixth Man people hospital Dong Yuan
Dept. of radiology's shooting X-ray transmission is shone, and observes number, form and the distribution pierced between flesh.
2 results
2.1 growth contrasts
Grow contrast test point 1+Age, 2+Age and 3+The fish stage in age, MT, CA, MA,With's
The speed of growth is relatively shown in Table 1, and body weight and the relation at age are shown in Fig. 3.From table 1 and Fig. 3,1+Age grade section, MA body weight are notable
(P<0.05) it is faster than remaining 4 colony,WithTwo kinds of triangular bream Culter hybrids and MT body weight are poor without conspicuousness
It is different, less than MA but it is higher than CA；2+Age grade section,WithThe speed of growth is closer to, and is shown
Significantly (P<0.05) hybrid growth vigor, the MA speeds of growth are taken second place, and CA growths are most slow；3+Age grade section,Body
Notable highest in 5 experiment colonies is focused on,Taking second place, male parent CA is minimum,With
Show notable (P<0.05) hybrid growth vigor, meanwhile, triangular bream Culter hybridsThe speed of growth also significantly (P<
0.05) it is faster than
Table 1And its parent's different phase body weight increase
Note：The identical expression difference of upper right corner letter of numeral is not notable, and letter is different to represent significant difference (P<0.05).
2.2 morphological feature
Triangular bream Culter hybridsWithAnd its Parent CA, MT, MA main morphological features compare and seen
Fig. 4.Triangular bream Culter hybridsMorphological feature and hybridMore similar, most characters are between its Parent
Between.Build is longer, and body is flat-sided, similar to male parent CA.And body highly significant increases, it is intended to maternal MT features.Body back
It is cinerous with upper lateral part, belly is silvery white, slightly toward in male parent feature；Scale is larger, tends to maternal, but in thin soft degree
Relatively it is intended to male parent CA.In addition, the head of two triangular bream Culter hybrids is also very much like, head is slightly larger compared with Parent, though on mouth has
Stick up but be not as obvious as male parent CA.
2.3 denumerable characters
In December, 2015, to 2+MT, MA of age grade section, CA,With5 kinds of test fish colony shapes
State measurement body length and weight range are shown in Table 2.The average value and hybrid index of denumerable trait data are shown in Table 3.From table 3, triangular bream Culter
Hybrid6 denumerable character values all close toWherein Dorsal fin spine character is consistent with male parent, stern
Fin ray, lateral line scales, 4 characters of squama are between Parent under squama and survey line on survey line, through to 6 denumerable character hybrid indexs
Calculating, show triangular bream Culter hybrids2 characters of Dorsal fin spine and stern fin ray be inclined paternal character, abdomeinal fin bar character is
Super close deviancy, 3 characters deviations of squama are maternal under squama and survey line in lateral line scales, survey line.Hybrid index average value is 65, display
HybridDenumerable character close to median, slightly toward in male parent CA.
Table 2And its parent's morphometry body is long, body weight model
Enclose
Table 3And its denumerable trait data of parent
Note：1- Dorsal fin spines (soft ray of dorsal fin, SDF)；2- abdomeinal fins bar (soft ray of pectoral
fin,SPF)；3- sterns fin ray (soft ray ofanal fin, SAF)；4- lateral line scales (lateral line scales, LLS)；
Squama (scales above lateral line, ALS) on 5- surveys line；Squama (scales below lateral under 6- surveys line
Line, BLS) .HI is hybrid index, HI belongs to intermediate character, HI between 45-55<45 be inclined maternal character, HI>55 are
Inclined paternal character, HI>100 or HI<0 is super close deviancy.
2.4 metric characters and frame structure data
Metric characters ratio and hybrid index are shown in Table 4.Variance analysis is carried out to each metric characters ratio,
DisplayIn total length/body length (TL/SL), body length/long (SL/HL) 2 characters with Parent,Nothing
Significant difference (P>0.05)；High (CL/CD) 3 individual character of body length/body high (SL/BD), long/eye footpath (HL/ED), caudal peduncle length/caudal peduncle
Shape and Parent,There is significant difference (P<0.05)；Long/kiss long (HL/SnL), body length/caudal peduncle length (SL/
CL), body length/back of the body spine length (SL/DL) 3 characters show with maternal significant difference, long/eye spacing (HL/IW) character with male parent
Write sex differernce, wherein long/eye spacing, body length/caudal peduncle grow 2 characters withSignificant difference (P<0.05).Meter
The hybrid index of each metric characters ratio of triangular bream Culter hybrid generations is calculated,Total length/body is long, a body length/long, head
Length/kiss grows and long/eye footpath, body length/back of the body spine grow 5 characters and show as super close deviation, and body length/body is high and caudal peduncle length/caudal peduncle is high
Deviation is maternal, and male parent is inclined in long/eye spacing, and body length/caudal peduncle is grown close to preferable median.Hybrid index average value
(HI=51.61) close toShow two triangular bream Culter hybrid metric characters ratios all close to ideal
Median.
Table 4And its metric characters of parent
Note：1- total lengths (Total length, TL)；2- bodies grow (Standard length, SL)；3- bodies height (Body
depth,BD)；(Headlength, HL) 4- long；5- kisses are long (Snout length, SnL)；6- eyes footpath (Eye diameter,
ED)；7- eyes spacing (Interorbital width, IW)；8- caudal peduncles grow (Caudal peduncle length, CL)；9- tails
Handle height (Caudal peduncle depth, CD)；10- back of the body spine length (Dorsalspinelength, DL)；The right side of same column of figure
Upper angle letter is identical to represent that difference is not notable, and letter is different to represent significant difference (P<0.05).
It is rightAnd the framework scale parameter of remaining 4 experiment colonies carries out cluster analysis (Fig. 5).By cluster point
Analysis result can be seen that triangular bream Culter hybridsWithGather for one, maternal MT and MA gather for one, then this
Gather again with male parent CA for one after two convergences, show that triangular bream Culter hybrids are slightly larger than male parent in frame structure by maternal influence.
Principal component analysis obtains accumulation contribution rate 75.88% of 7 principal components to variation, wherein first 3 are respectively
38.59%th, 9.83% and 7.60%, preceding 3 principal component analysis results are as shown in table 5.The major part that colony always makes a variation is included
In preceding 3 principal components, the scale parameter that the factor loading matrix analysis of principal component finds to have main contributions to principal component 1 is body
Length/body height, caudal peduncle length/caudal peduncle height, D4-1/TL, D4-3/TL, D6-3/TL, D6-5/TL, D6-7/TL, D8-5/TL, D8-7/
TL, D5-7/TL, D2-4/TL, D10-9/TL, this 12 scale parameter load values are all higher than 0.7, i.e., mainly reflection fish body is high
Morphological variation；The scale parameter for having main contributions to principal component 2 is D4-5/TL, D4-6/TL, D3-5/TL, and load value is equal>0.5,
The metamorphosis of main reflection fish trunk；Have to principal component 3 scale parameters of main contributions for body length/long, long/eye footpath,
Long/eye spacing, D8-10/TL, D8-9/TL mainly reflect the metamorphosis of fish head portion and afterbody.From this 3 principal component visible 5
The difference of individual population experiment fish morphologically is mainly caused by fish body height, trunk difference.
The contribution of 5 colony's principal component loading matrixs of 5 two kinds of triangular bream Culter Hybrids F1s of table and its parent and principal component to always making a variation
Rate
Scatter diagram is drawn to principal component 2 with principal component 1, as a result as shown in Figure 6.As seen from the figure, parental generation colony MT, MA and CA
The non-overlapping region of colony can be with completely separable；Hybrid generation colonyWithThere is small part to have weight
Folded region, both overwhelming majority can separate and be located at parental generation colony MT, MA, CA intermediate regions.
Discriminant analysis obtains that body length/body is high, body length/long, long/, and kiss is long, caudal peduncle length/caudal peduncle is high, body length/back of the body spine is long,
D1-2/TL、D1-3/TL、D3-5/TL、D7-9/TL、D4-6/TL、D6-8/TL、D4-3/TL、D6-3/TL、D6-7/TL、D8-5/
This 19 parameters contribution of TL, D8-7/TL, D8-9/TL, D10-7 and D10-9 is maximum, is represented respectively with C1~C19, when judging certain
During colony's ownership of tail fish, surveyed data are substituted into equation, functional value maximum can be considered its affiliated colony.The differentiation side of structure
Journey is as follows.
MT:
Y1=149.174C1+15.096C2+8.708C3+110.647C4+19.502C5+1360.66 8C6-
392.984C7+233.273C8+445.288C9-283.214C10+288.945C11+802.767C12+1314.886C13+
1405.235C14-236.627C15+1040.918C16-41.301C17+2090.639C18-1274.455C19-1271.940
MA:
Y2=183.431C1+8.717C2+5.478C3+144.725C4+17.395C5+1186.440 C6-380.632C7
+308.964C8+486.069C9-250.585C10+327.039C11+1028.873C12+1458.390C13+
1466.454C14-412.395C15+1200.657C16-277.179C17+1339.928C18-898.681C19-1389.754
CA:
Y3=143.933C1+16.512C2+10.223C3+93.347C4+21.045C5+1446.73 3C6-
342.419C7+138.574C8+370.380C9-164.153C10+386.746C11+852.098C12+1230.767C13+
1386.313C14-265.894C15+1027.612C16-27.999C17+2120.624C18-1002.737C19-1323.847
Y4=154.093C1+16.365C2+7.976C3+118.061C4+22.474C5+1179.20 6C6-
427.603C7+270.218C8+439.603C9-254.274C10+388.348C11+743.699C12+1348.322C 13+
1459.375C 14-283.819C15+1082.239C16-40.486C17+1934.575C18-1238.859C 19-
1294.296
Y5=150.096C1+14.653C2+8.698C3+107.074C4+23.214C5+1246.45 4C6-
417.683C7+286.900C8+394.490C9-138.303C10+328.362C11+734.599C12+1365.193C13+
1398.060C14-287.290C15+994.903C16-44.982C17+1958.563C18-1084.662C19-1281.055
Analysis and statistical appraisal are predicted to verify above-mentioned discriminant equation according to the discriminant equation formula of foundation to test fish
Practicality, differentiation the results are shown in Table 6.It is common to differentiate there is the erroneous judgement of 1 tail in result MT into MA from data in table, the erroneous judgement of 3 tails
ArriveIn, the erroneous judgement of 5 tails is arrivedIt is 87.1% to differentiate accuracy,In have 2 tails
Judge by accident in MA, the erroneous judgement of 2 tails is arrivedIn, differentiate accuracy be 94.3%, CA, MA and Differentiate
Accuracy is 100.0%.Validation-cross result demonstrates the stabilization of the discriminant function.
Table 6And its differentiation result of parent
Number is pierced between 2.5 fleshes to compare
As seen from Table 7,WithFlesh between thorn number have significantly with its Parent respectively
Sex differernce (P<0.05),Number is pierced between flesh between 126.0-128.0, it is average 127.0, positioned at female parent (MT
Average value 124) between male parent (CA average values 137), deviation is maternal；Number is pierced between flesh in 132.0-
It is average 133.0 between 135.0, in maternal (MA average values 124) between male parent CA, slightly toward male parent.Two triangular breams simultaneously
There is also significant difference between Culter hybrids.Between flesh pierce number compared withFew, hybrid vigour is more
Significantly.
Table 7And its number and sampling specification are pierced between parent's flesh
Note：The identical expression difference of upper right corner letter of numeral is not notable, and letter is different to represent significant difference (P<0.05).
The form pierced between 2.6 fleshes compares
Form is pierced between 5 colony's fleshes of this experiment and sees Fig. 7, the number and proportion of various forms are shown in Fig. 8, wherein left side 4
The number statistical pierced between 7 kinds of morphotype fleshes at individual position is shown in Table 8.With reference to classification of the Lv Yao equalitys people being pierced flesh, by between flesh
Thorn is summarized as " I " shape (no bifurcated), " fore-telling " shape (there is the bifurcated of Length discrepancy two one end), Y-shaped (there is isometric two bifurcated one end), one end
More fork-shapeds (there is the bifurcated more than or equal to 3 one end), the fork-shaped of both ends two (there are two bifurcateds at both ends), the more fork-shaped (both ends in both ends
Have the bifurcated more than or equal to 2) and dendriform (there is the bifurcated more than or equal to 4 at both ends) 7 types.Can by Fig. 7
Find out, pierce between the flesh of 7 kinds of morphotypes and exist in 5 colonies.The result of table 8 shows that the epineurals of 5 colonies are present
Pierced between 7 kinds of form fleshes, wherein MT epineurals mainly exist in the form of " fore-telling " shape, the fork-shaped of both ends two, the more fork-shapeds in both ends；MA is main
Exist in the form of " I " shape, the more fork-shapeds in both ends, dendriform, form is somewhat complicated compared with MT；CA is mainly deposited in the form of " I " shape, " fore-telling " shape
Form is most simple in 5 colonies；And triangular bream Culter hybridsMainly exist in the form of " I " shape, the more fork-shapeds in both ends,
" fore-telling " number is somewhat taken second place, and epineurals complexity is between parent； Mainly deposited in the form of " I " shape, " fore-telling "
Both ends multi-fork figurate number mesh somewhat takes second place, and epineurals complexity is also between parent.Compared to epineurals, 5 colonies
Epipleurals are less and form is simpler, and MT epipleurals are free of dendriform, and remaining 6 kinds of form includes；MA、CA、Missing dendriform and the more fork-shapeds in both ends, remaining 5 kinds of form are present；AndEpipleurals are then
Comprise only " I " shape, " fore-telling " shape, ", pierced between Y-shaped, the more fork-shaped fleshes in one end, missing the fork-shaped of both ends two, the more fork-shapeds in both ends, dendriform flesh
Between pierce, the inclined male parent of epipleurals complexity, relativelySimply.
The number and ratio pierced between the various form fleshes of statistical analysis, as shown in figure 8,7 kinds of form fleshes
Between pierce, " I " shape, " fore-tellings " shape, the notable (P of dendriform number and accounting<0.05) it is between Parent, Y-shaped, one end multi-fork
There was no significant difference with male parent CA for figurate number mesh, and there was no significant difference with maternal MA for the fork-shaped of both ends two, the more fork-shapeds in both ends.It is similarThere was no significant difference with maternal MT for the more fork-shapeds in both ends, " I " shape, " fore-telling " shape, branch
Figurate number mesh is prominently positioned between Parent, but the more fork-shapeds of its one end, the fork-shaped of both ends two are also prominently positioned between Parent, and " Y "
Shape and Parent there are no significant difference,
With reference to Jiang Wen chessboards et al. piercing the further conclusion of form flesh, will between 7 kinds of fleshes thorn be divided into simple type (" I " shape,
" fore-telling " shape, Y-shaped), osculant (the more fork-shapeds in one end, the fork-shaped of both ends two), complexity (the more fork-shapeds in both ends, dendriform).Such as Fig. 9 institutes
Show, it is maximum that accounting is pierced between 5 colony's simple type fleshes；WithSimple type, complexity flesh
Between pierce number and ratio between its parent,Osculant is less than its parent, andIt is close
Male parent；Triangular bream Culter hybridsWithCompare,Number and ratio are pierced between simple type flesh
Example is relatively low, and osculant is then higher, there was no significant difference between the triangular bream Culter hybrids of complexity two (P<0.05).
Number (only counting on the left of fish body) is pierced between the various morphotype fleshes of table 8
Note：On the left body axles of 1- (left trunk along axis, LTOA)；(left tail on the left tailing axles of 2-
hindquarters shaft,LTHS)；Under the left body axles of 3- (left trunk under axis, LTUA)；Under the left tailing axles of 4-
(left tail hindquarters under shaft,LTHU)；5- epineurals (epineural bone, EN)；6- arteries and veins
Bend ossiculum (epipleural bone, EP).
I, " I " shape (" I " type)；Foretell, " fore-telling " shape (" fore-telling " type)；Y, Y-shaped (" Y " type)；OE, the more fork-shaped (One- in one end
end-multi-forktype)；TE, the fork-shaped of both ends two (Two-end-bi-fork type)；TM, the more fork-shaped (Two- in both ends
end-multi-fork type)；TB, dendriform (Tree-branch type)；Total, intermuscular bone sum (Amunt of
IB).
Distribution of the thorn in different parts between 2.7 fleshes
Figure 10-14 A and part B is that 5 kinds of test fish carry out X-ray transmission plots, C portion pierced between the pleural muscle of fish body two successively from
Go to rear arranged distribution situation.The generating region of the neural arch pierced between flesh, epipleurals in fish body can be seen that by Figure 10-14 A and B
Domain, ordered arrangement situation, and the quantity of relative main bone, appendicular skeleton, form and distributing position.With reference to Figure 10-14 C portions
Point, the results showed that the form pierced between 5 kinds of test fish fleshes is from front to back by complicated to simple.Pierced between statistical analysis different parts flesh
Distribution (Figure 15), find between 5 kinds of test fish fleshes thorn on body axle at left and right sides of fish, under body axle, on tailing axle and under tailing axle
It is distributed.Number, the form pierced at left and right sides of fish of the same race between flesh are incomplete same, but overall close；Fish different parts flesh of the same race
Between pierce number it is also variant.It is most that number is pierced between body epaxial muscle flesh, number is pierced between body hypaxial musculature flesh at least and majority is distributed in abdomen
Chamber and the excessive region of afterbody, thorn number is then closer to and is mostly " I " shape between the upper and lower flesh flesh of tailing axle.Triangular bream Culter hybridsPierce number between the trunk muscles flesh of the left and right sides to have reduced compared with male parent, but the thorn left and right sides is omited between afterbody flesh flesh
Have any different, right side is slightly above male parent close to Parent, left side close to maternal, and trunk muscles position is big compared with parent's variation on the whole. Number is pierced between the trunk muscles flesh of the left and right sides also to have reduced compared with male parent, but number is pierced between afterbody flesh close to father and mother
This, variation is relatively small, and thorn is substantially less than Parent and is mainly manifested in the reduction pierced between the flesh of trunk muscles position between flesh.WithBetween compare,Left and right sides body epaxial muscle, tail hypaxial musculature and a left side
Between tail hypaxial musculature flesh pierce number compared withIt has been reduced that, pierced between remaining position flesh very close.
Described above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
Member, on the premise of the inventive method is not departed from, can also make some improvement and supplement, and these are improved and supplement also should be regarded as
Protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of construction method for growing the hybridization triangular bream Culter pierced between fast and few flesh, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) parental source：Female parent is triangular bream, and for male parent to stick up mouth Culter, Parent is sexal maturity and well-developed 3 age fish；
(2) artificial induced spawning：Using HCG and LHRH-A2, hybrid injection, injection dosage milter halve compared with raun when afternoon 4；
(3) it is fertilized and hatches：Essence, ovum is taken morning next day to carry out artificial dry method insemination to parent population, incubating oosperm is placed in culture dish
In, water is changed at interval until membrane, when after the disappearance of fry yolk bag and can put down trip, is transferred in native pond and cultivates.
2. the hybridization triangular bream Culter pierced between fast and few flesh construction method is grown according to claim 1, it is characterised in that oxytocic
After thing injection, parent population is temporarily supported into spawning pond, while stimulation by running water.
3. the hybridization triangular bream Culter pierced between fast and few flesh construction method is grown according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the mother
This is Dong Jiang triangular bream or Qiantang River triangular bream；The male parent is that Dianshan Lake sticks up mouth Culter.
4. the hybridization triangular bream Culter pierced between fast and few flesh construction method is grown according to claim 1, it is characterised in that 1 age mistake
Afterwards, triangular bream (♀) × stick up mouth Culter (♂) F1 shows significantly to surpass parents' growth vigor.
5. the hybridization triangular bream Culter pierced between fast and few flesh construction method is grown according to claim 1, it is characterised in that 3 age grades
Section, triangular bream (♀) × stick up the growth vigor that mouth Culter (♂) F1 is shown and be significantly higher than megalobrama amblycephala (♀) × stick up mouth Culter (♂) F1.
6. the hybridization triangular bream Culter pierced between fast and few flesh construction method is grown according to claim 1, it is characterised in that triangular bream Culter is miscellaneous
Pierce between sum, body epaxial muscle flesh to pierce number and stick up mouth Culter compared with male parent between kind of triangular bream (♀) × stick up mouth Culter (♂) F1 flesh and reduce.
7. the hybridization triangular bream Culter pierced between fast and few flesh construction method is grown according to claim 1, it is characterised in that triangular bream Culter is miscellaneous
Kind triangular bream (♀) × thorn number is compared with megalobrama amblycephala (♀) between sticking up mouth Culter (♂) F1 flesh × sticks up mouth Culter (♂) F1 reductions.
8. a kind of triangular bream (♀) × sticking up mouth Culter (♂) F1, megalobrama amblycephala (♀) × sticks up the determination methods of mouth Culter (♂) F1 and its parent,
It is characterised in that it includes following steps：
Measure high tested fish length/body, body length/long, long/kiss length, caudal peduncle length/caudal peduncle is high, body length/back of the body spine is long, D1-2/
TL、D1-3/TL、D3-5/TL、D7-9/TL、D4-6/TL、D6-8/TL、D4-3/TL、D6-3/TL、D6-7/TL、D8-5/TL、
This 19 parameters of D8-7/TL, D8-9/TL, D10-7 and D10-9, are represented with C1~C19, surveyed data are substituted into down respectively respectively
Establish an equation, calculate functional value, the maximum colony for being considered as its affiliated equation and representing of functional value；Wherein TL represents total length, and D is two
Length between site representated by numeral, 1. pectoral fin starting points, 2. kiss front ends, 3. abdomeinal fin starting points, 4. rear ends, 5. anal fins rise
Point, 6. dorsal fin starting points, 7. anal fin ends, 8. dorsal fin ends, 9. tail fin belly starting points, 10. tail fin back starting points；
MT：
Y1=149.174C1+15.096C2+8.708C3+110.647C4+19.502C5+1360.66 8C6-392.984C7+
233.273C8+445.288C9-283.214C10+288.945C11+802.767C12+1314.886C13+1405.235C14-
236.627C15+1040.918 C16-41.301 C17+2090.639 C18-1274.455 C19-1271.940；
MA：
Y2=183.431C1+8.717C2+5.478C3+144.725C4+17.395C5+1186.440 C6-380.632C7+
308.964C8+486.069C9-250.585C10+327.039C11+1028.873C12+1458.390C13+
1466.454C14-412.395C15+1200.657C16-277.179C17+1339.928C18-898.681 C19-
1389.754；
CA：
Y3=143.933C1+16.512C2+10.223C3+93.347C4+21.045C5+1446.73 3C6-342.419C7+
138.574C8+370.380C9-164.153C10+386.746C11+852.098C12+1230.767C13+1386.313C14-
265.894C15+1027.612C16-27.999C17+2120.624C18-1002.737 C19-1323.847；
MT♀×CA♂：
Y4=154.093C1+16.365C2+7.976C3+118.061C4+22.474C5+1179.20 6C6-427.603C7+
270.218C8+439.603C9-254.274C10+388.348C11+743.699C12+1348.322C13+1459.375C14-
283.819C15+1082.239C16-40.486C17+1934.575C18-1238.859 C19-1294.296；
MA♀×CA♂：
Y5=150.096C1+14.653C2+8.698C3+107.074C4+23.214C5+1246.45 4C6-417.683C7+
286.900C8+394.490C9-138.303C10+328.362C11+734.599C12+1365.193C13+1398.060C14-
287.290C15+994.903C16-44.982C17+1958.563C18-1084.662C19-1281.055。
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| CN110476843A (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2019-11-22 | 上海海洋大学 | ELOVL6 gene and its application |
| CN110684777A (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2020-01-14 | 华中农业大学 | Application of isolated nucleotide sequence in construction of zebra fish with reduced intramuscular stings |
| CN111149731A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-05-15 | 湖南师范大学 | Method for cultivating hybrid culter by utilizing hybrid strain of bream and culter |
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| CN110476843A (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2019-11-22 | 上海海洋大学 | ELOVL6 gene and its application |
| CN110684777A (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2020-01-14 | 华中农业大学 | Application of isolated nucleotide sequence in construction of zebra fish with reduced intramuscular stings |
| CN110684777B (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2021-05-07 | 华中农业大学 | Application of isolated nucleotide sequence in construction of zebra fish with reduced intramuscular stings |
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Application publication date: 20171117 |