CN111139987A - Surface layer material, photovoltaic building material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Surface layer material, photovoltaic building material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111139987A CN111139987A CN201811302066.0A CN201811302066A CN111139987A CN 111139987 A CN111139987 A CN 111139987A CN 201811302066 A CN201811302066 A CN 201811302066A CN 111139987 A CN111139987 A CN 111139987A
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- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000001023 inorganic pigment Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- -1 polyoxyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical compound O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052928 kieserite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004579 marble Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002503 polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000014653 Carica parviflora Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000243321 Cnidaria Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010695 polyglycol Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001866 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010979 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003088 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(OC)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O3)O)C(CO)O2)O)C(CO)O1 UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- MOUPNEIJQCETIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead chromate Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O MOUPNEIJQCETIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052957 realgar Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 2
- LNAZSHAWQACDHT-XIYTZBAFSA-N (2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dimethoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-trimethoxy-6-(methoxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-4,5,6-trimethoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxane Chemical compound CO[C@@H]1[C@@H](OC)[C@H](OC)[C@@H](COC)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](OC)[C@@H](OC)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](OC)[C@H](OC)O[C@@H]2COC)OC)O[C@@H]1COC LNAZSHAWQACDHT-XIYTZBAFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002313 adhesive film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011858 nanopowder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001579 optical reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
- E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
- E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
- E04F13/0875—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements having a basic insulating layer and at least one covering layer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B26/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing only organic binders, e.g. polymer or resin concrete
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
- H02S20/20—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object
- H02S20/22—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings
- H02S20/26—Building materials integrated with PV modules, e.g. façade elements
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of building integration of photovoltaic, and relates to a surface layer material, a photovoltaic building material and a preparation method thereof. The raw materials of the surface layer material comprise a strength composition, a bonding composition and an inorganic pigment, wherein the strength composition accounts for 30-70 parts, the bonding composition accounts for 15-25 parts, and the inorganic pigment accounts for 5-10 parts by mass; the surface layer material can be firmly combined with a photovoltaic module, has good mechanical property, has the hardness not lower than 4H, and achieves the hardness required by the conventional building materials.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of building integration of photovoltaic, and relates to a surface layer material, a photovoltaic building material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
At present, the color of the conventional photovoltaic module generally presents dark blue, gray and black, the color of the conventional photovoltaic module is not attractive, the conventional photovoltaic module is difficult to be highly fused with a building, and the application of the conventional photovoltaic module to the building field is greatly limited. Based on this, the patent application CN200420085961 adopts optical antireflection films with different thicknesses and types, so that the crystalline silicon solar cell presents different colors; in patent application CN201020272089, an optical medium film layer is added between a glass substrate and a transparent conductive film, so that the optical medium film layer, the transparent glass substrate, the transparent conductive film and an amorphous silicon film form a passive filter system capable of selectively reflecting and absorbing solar spectrum. When the incident angle is changed, the color of the glass curtain wall may change, i.e. the color of the glass curtain wall may be different when viewed from the front and the side. In patent application CN201220200568, the color of the EVA or PVB adhesive film is changed to match the color of the building without changing the battery piece.
Although the above-mentioned patents can make the photovoltaic modules appear colorful, and further widen the application range, the texture of the photovoltaic modules is similar to that of glass, and the surfaces of the photovoltaic modules have higher light reflectivity, so that a certain degree of light pollution is generated; moreover, the photovoltaic module manufactured by the above patent has a single texture, and the defects limit the application of the photovoltaic module in the field of buildings.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a surface layer material, a photovoltaic building material and a preparation method thereof, and aims to provide a traditional blue and black photovoltaic cell with good architectural texture on the basis of color. The surface of the photovoltaic module is close to a general building material and a general stone material by preparing a thin layer surface layer on the surface of the photovoltaic module, so that the photovoltaic building material is prepared, and the wide application of the photovoltaic module in the field of buildings is widened.
The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the surface layer material comprises raw materials of a strength composition, a bonding composition and an inorganic pigment, wherein the strength composition accounts for 30-70 parts, the bonding composition accounts for 15-25 parts, and the pigment accounts for 5-10 parts by mass;
the strength composition comprises, by mass, 5-10 parts of quartz sand, 3-6 parts of kaolin, 5-9 parts of alumina, 4-8 parts of aluminum phosphate, 6-12 parts of lime, 4-9 parts of kieserite and 6-15 parts of marble powder;
the adhesive composition comprises, by mass, 40-50 parts of acrylic acid, 15-20 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol, 2-4 parts of a thickening agent, 0.5-2 parts of a defoaming agent and 2-4 parts of an anti-settling agent;
the inorganic pigment comprises natural mineral pigment and artificial pigment, wherein the natural mineral pigment comprises one or more of rock green, carbon black, mica, coral and realgar, and the artificial pigment comprises one or more of iron oxide red, iron oxide yellow, titanium dioxide, chrome yellow and iron blue.
Preferably, the intensity composition has a particle size distribution of 100nm to 30 um.
Preferably, the thickening agent comprises one or more of silica gel, methylcellulose and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose; the defoaming agent comprises one or more of emulsified silicone oil, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaerythritol ether and polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene amine ether; the anti-settling agent comprises one or more of nonionic polyoxyethylene fatty amine, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol sulfate and polyglycol ether.
Preferably, the thickness of the surface layer material is 0.01-5 mm.
Preferably, the surface layer has a weighted average transmittance of not less than 30% in the wavelength range of 300nm to 1300 nm.
Preferably, the weighted average transmittance of the surface layer material in the wavelength range of 300nm to 1300nm is 40% to 100%.
A photovoltaic building material comprising the facing material.
Preferably, the photovoltaic building material comprises a surface layer 1, a solar cell layer 2 and a substrate layer 3 from top to bottom in sequence,
preferably, the photovoltaic building material further comprises a barrier layer located between the surface layer and the solar cell layer.
Preferably, the barrier layer comprises one or more of silicon dioxide, zinc oxide and aluminum nitride, and the thickness of the barrier layer is 0.4-1000 μm.
A preparation method of a photovoltaic building material comprises the following steps:
1) attaching the solar cell layer to the substrate layer, and leading out the anode and the cathode, or directly preparing the solar cell layer on the substrate layer, and leading out the anode and the cathode;
2) and weighing the bonding composition, adding the strength composition and the inorganic pigment into the bonding composition in proportion, and stirring or ultrasonically oscillating to obtain the slurry of the surface layer material.
3) And coating the slurry of the surface layer material on the solar cell layer, and curing to obtain a surface layer, thereby preparing the photovoltaic building material.
Preferably, the stirring time in the step 2) is 10-20 min, or ultrasonic oscillation is 1-2 min.
Preferably, the curing temperature in the step 3) is-20 ℃ to 50 ℃, and the curing time is 2.5h to 20 h.
Preferably, the solar cell layer and the substrate layer are well known in the art.
The nano inorganic particles provide better scratch resistance and wear resistance for the inorganic film layer, and the chemical bonding force formed by the uniformly distributed nano powder and the acrylic acid ensures that the film layer has higher Mohs hardness as a whole. The obtained surface layer film has pencil hardness of over 4H, good adhesion, and self-spreading and smoothness after coating.
The surface layer material prepared by the conventional method generally needs a high-temperature curing mode, and the photovoltaic module is damaged by high temperature. The invention improves the formula of the slurry of the surface layer material, and the slurry of the surface layer material can be solidified at the temperature of-20 ℃ to 50 ℃; in addition, the surface layer can keep high transmittance by controlling the thickness and the formula of the surface layer.
The whole process of the preparation method is only carried out at normal temperature without high-temperature treatment, so that the energy consumption can be effectively reduced, meanwhile, the surface layer and the solar cell have higher adhesive force, and the problems of poor adhesive force and fragile film layer of the traditional glaze surface can be avoided.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1) the surface layer is prepared on the surface of the solar cell, so that the surface of the solar cell can present the texture of conventional building materials, and the efficiency of the solar cell is not remarkably reduced while power generation is ensured.
2) The slurry of the surface layer material adopted by the invention can be cured at the temperature of-20-50 ℃, and cannot damage the photovoltaic module; an inorganic film layer with higher hardness can be formed on the photovoltaic module;
3) the prepared surface layer material not only can be firmly combined with the photovoltaic module, but also has better wear resistance;
4) because the surface layer material mainly comprises inorganic substances, the prepared surface layer material has better weather resistance and can be used for decades on the outer wall of a building;
5) the surface layer material prepared by the invention has stronger compactness and corrosion resistance, so that the solar cell wrapped in the surface layer can be effectively isolated from the outside;
6) the pigment adopted by the invention is an inorganic pigment, the performance is stable, the color is bright, the decoration is good, the hardness of the surface layer is not lower than 4H, and the hardness required by the conventional building material is achieved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a photovoltaic building material of the invention.
Reference numerals
1. Surface layer, 2, solar cell layer, 3, and base layer.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples.
Example 1
Preparing a surface layer on the surface of the obtained photovoltaic module, and comprising the following steps:
the raw materials required by the surface layer material comprise a strength composition, a bonding composition and an inorganic pigment, wherein the strength composition comprises 10 parts of quartz sand, 3 parts of kaolin, 9 parts of alumina, 4 parts of aluminum phosphate, 6 parts of lime, 4 parts of kieserite and 15 parts of marble powder by mass fraction, and the particle size distribution of the strength composition is 100 nm-5 um;
the bonding composition comprises 40 parts of acrylic acid, 18 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol, 2 parts of methyl cellulose, 1 part of polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaerythritol ether and 2 parts of polyglycol ether. According to the mass fraction, the strength composition accounts for 70 parts, the bonding composition accounts for 25 parts, and the stone green and the titanium dioxide account for 5 parts, wherein the ratio of the stone green to the titanium dioxide is 6: 4.
the bonding composition is weighed, the strength composition and the inorganic pigment are added into the bonding composition in proportion, and the bonding composition is placed in an ultrasonic instrument for ultrasonic oscillation for 2min to obtain the required slurry of the surface layer material.
And coating the slurry of the surface layer material on a photovoltaic module, and curing at 50 ℃ for 2.5h to form a surface layer on the photovoltaic module. The surface of the surface layer prepared by the embodiment is light green, elegant in texture and elegant in appearance.
The obtained barrier layer has the thickness of 20um, the surface layer has the thickness of 1mm, the pencil hardness is 5H, the adhesive force is good, and the coating is self-spread and smooth.
The resulting surface layer had a weighted average transmission of 45% over the wavelength range of 300nm to 1300 nm.
Example 2
Preparing a surface layer on the surface of the obtained photovoltaic module, and comprising the following steps:
the raw materials required by the surface layer material comprise a strength composition, a bonding composition and an inorganic pigment, wherein the strength composition comprises 10 parts of quartz sand, 3 parts of kaolin, 9 parts of alumina, 8 parts of aluminum phosphate, 6 parts of lime, 9 parts of kieserite and 6 parts of marble powder by mass fraction, and the particle size distribution of the composition is 5-30 um; the bonding composition comprises 48 parts of acrylic acid, 15 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol, 3 parts of silicone gel, 1 part of emulsified silicone oil and 3 parts of polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol sulfate. Wherein, the weight percentage of the strength composition is 30 parts, the weight percentage of the bonding composition is 25 parts, and the weight percentage of the iron oxide red is 10 parts.
Firstly weighing the bonding composition, then adding the strength composition substance and the inorganic pigment into the organic matter in proportion, and stirring for 20min to obtain the required slurry of the surface layer material.
And coating the slurry of the surface layer material on a photovoltaic module, and curing at-20 ℃ for 20h to form a surface layer on the photovoltaic module, wherein the surface layer is red.
The obtained barrier layer has the thickness of 100um, the surface layer has the thickness of 2mm, the pencil hardness is 7H, the adhesive force is good, and the coating can automatically spread and be smooth.
The obtained surface layer has a weighted average transmittance of 30% in the wavelength range of 300nm to 1300 nm.
Example 3
Preparing a surface layer on the surface of the obtained photovoltaic module, and comprising the following steps:
the raw materials required by the surface layer material comprise a strength composition, a bonding composition and an inorganic pigment, wherein the strength composition comprises 8 parts of quartz sand, 3 parts of kaolin, 8 parts of alumina, 7 parts of aluminum phosphate, 10 parts of lime, 6 parts of kieserite and 12 parts of marble powder by mass fraction, and the particle size distribution of the composition is 5-30 um; the bonding composition comprises 50 parts of acrylic acid, 20 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol, 3.5 parts of silica gel, 2 parts of emulsified silicone oil and 4 parts of polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol sulfate. Wherein, the weight percentage of the strength composition is 50 parts, the weight percentage of the bonding composition is 22 parts, the weight percentage of the iron oxide red and the iron oxide yellow is 10 parts, and the proportion of the two pigments is 3: 2.
firstly weighing the bonding composition, then adding the strength composition substance and the inorganic pigment into the organic matter in proportion, and carrying out ultrasonic oscillation for 2min to obtain the required slurry of the surface layer material.
And coating the slurry of the surface layer material on a photovoltaic module, and curing at 20 ℃ for 10h to form a surface layer on the photovoltaic module, wherein the surface layer is orange.
The obtained barrier layer has the thickness of 200um, the surface layer has the thickness of 0.5mm, the pencil hardness is 4H, the adhesive force is good, and the coating is self-spreading and smooth.
The obtained surface layer has a weighted average transmittance of 60% in the wavelength range of 300nm to 1300 nm.
Example 4
Preparing a surface layer on the surface of the obtained photovoltaic module, and comprising the following steps:
the raw materials required by the surface layer material comprise a strength composition, a bonding composition and an inorganic pigment, wherein the strength composition comprises 7.5 parts of quartz sand, 4 parts of kaolin, 6 parts of alumina, 7 parts of aluminum phosphate, 11 parts of lime, 7.5 parts of kieserite and 13 parts of marble powder by mass fraction, and the particle size distribution of the composition is 1-5 um; the bonding composition comprises 46 parts of acrylic acid, 17 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol, 3.5 parts of silica gel, 2 parts of emulsified silicone oil and 4 parts of polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol sulfate. Wherein the weight percentage of the strength composition is 60 parts, the weight percentage of the bonding composition is 19 parts, and the weight percentage of the coral is 5 parts.
Firstly weighing the bonding composition, then adding the strength composition substance and the inorganic pigment into the organic matter in proportion, and carrying out ultrasonic oscillation for 2min to obtain the required slurry of the surface layer material.
And coating the slurry of the surface layer material on a photovoltaic module, and curing at 25 ℃ for 10 hours to form a surface layer on the photovoltaic module, wherein the surface layer is pink.
The obtained barrier layer has the thickness of 150um, the surface layer has the thickness of 0.8mm, the pencil hardness is 4H, the adhesive force is good, and the barrier layer can automatically flow and spread and is smooth after being coated.
The obtained surface layer has a weighted average transmittance of 70% in the wavelength range of 300nm to 1300 nm.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limited. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The surface layer material is characterized in that raw materials of the surface layer material comprise 30-70 parts of strength composition, 15-25 parts of bonding composition and 5-10 parts of inorganic pigment by mass fraction;
the strength composition comprises, by mass, 5-10 parts of quartz sand, 3-6 parts of kaolin, 5-9 parts of alumina, 4-8 parts of aluminum phosphate, 6-12 parts of lime, 4-9 parts of kieserite and 6-15 parts of marble powder;
the adhesive composition comprises, by mass, 40-50 parts of acrylic acid, 15-20 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol, 2-4 parts of a thickening agent, 0.5-2 parts of a defoaming agent and 2-4 parts of an anti-settling agent;
the inorganic pigment comprises natural mineral pigment and/or artificial pigment, the natural mineral pigment comprises one or more of rock green, carbon black, mica, coral and realgar, and the artificial pigment comprises one or more of iron oxide red, iron oxide yellow, titanium dioxide, chrome yellow and iron blue.
2. The facing material of claim 1, wherein the strength composition has a particle size distribution of 100nm to 30 um.
3. The facing material of claim 1, wherein the thickener comprises one or more of silicone gel, methyl cellulose, and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose; the defoaming agent comprises one or more of emulsified silicone oil, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaerythritol ether and polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene amine ether; the anti-settling agent comprises one or more of nonionic polyoxyethylene fatty amine, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol sulfate and polyglycol ether.
4. The surface layer material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thickness of the surface layer material is 0.01-5 mm, and the weighted average transmittance of the surface layer material in the wavelength range of 300-1300 nm is not less than 30%.
5. A photovoltaic building material comprising the facing material of any one of claims 1-4.
6. A photovoltaic building material according to claim 5, comprising a facing layer 1, a solar cell layer 2 and a substrate layer 3 in this order from top to bottom.
7. A photovoltaic building material of claim 6, further comprising a barrier layer between the facing layer and the solar cell layer, wherein,
the barrier layer is made of one or more of silicon dioxide, zinc oxide and aluminum nitride, and the thickness of the barrier layer is 0.4-1000 mu m.
8. A method of making the photovoltaic building material of claim 6, comprising the steps of:
1) attaching the solar cell layer to the substrate layer, and leading out the anode and the cathode, or directly preparing the solar cell layer on the substrate layer, and leading out the anode and the cathode;
2) weighing the bonding composition, adding the strength composition and the inorganic pigment into the bonding composition in proportion, and stirring or ultrasonically oscillating to obtain slurry of the surface layer material;
3) and coating the slurry of the surface layer material on the solar cell layer, and curing to obtain a surface layer, thereby preparing the photovoltaic building material.
9. The preparation method of claim 8, wherein the stirring time in the step 2) is 10-20 min, or 1-2 min of ultrasonic oscillation.
10. The preparation method according to claim 8, wherein the curing temperature in the step 3) is-20 ℃ to 50 ℃ and the curing time is 2.5h to 20 h.
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