CN109904244B - Photovoltaic building material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Photovoltaic building material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN109904244B
CN109904244B CN201910098475.1A CN201910098475A CN109904244B CN 109904244 B CN109904244 B CN 109904244B CN 201910098475 A CN201910098475 A CN 201910098475A CN 109904244 B CN109904244 B CN 109904244B
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surface layer
layer
building material
photovoltaic building
power generation
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CN109904244A (en
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张冷
张伟
李永武
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Guangzhi Technology Development Kunshan Co ltd
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Guangzhi Technology Development Kunshan Co ltd
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Publication of CN109904244A publication Critical patent/CN109904244A/en
Priority to EP19912647.5A priority patent/EP3920241A4/en
Priority to CA3131439A priority patent/CA3131439A1/en
Priority to KR1020217027076A priority patent/KR20210122270A/en
Priority to JP2021544514A priority patent/JP7328341B2/en
Priority to PCT/CN2019/104876 priority patent/WO2020155628A1/en
Priority to US17/427,514 priority patent/US12237803B2/en
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/10Photovoltaic [PV]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50Photovoltaic [PV] energy

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Abstract

The invention discloses a photovoltaic building material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the photovoltaic building material comprises a surface layer and a power generation layer; the surface layer has a weighted average transmittance of 30-85% and a haze of 10-95% in the wavelength range of 300-1300 nm. The raw materials for preparing the surface layer comprise curing mother liquor, light diffusant and colorant. The method for preparing the photovoltaic building material mainly comprises the following steps: firstly, mixing the curing mother liquor, the light diffusant and the colorant according to a proportion to prepare a surface layer mixed raw material; and preparing a surface layer on the power generation layer, wherein the surface layer is prepared by directly covering the surface layer on the surface of the power generation layer with a surface layer mixed raw material and curing. The surface layer formed after curing has beautiful texture and rich and diverse presentation forms, the appearance consistent with the building material can be formed by adjusting the formula of the surface layer material, the building style and urban landscape can not be changed when the surface layer material is arranged on the appearance of a building, and the surface layer material has wide application prospect.

Description

Photovoltaic building material and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of building materials, and particularly relates to a photovoltaic building material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
At present, new energy sources which can be utilized by people comprise wind energy, solar energy, ocean energy, geothermal energy and the like, production places of the new energy sources are all arranged in suburbs, deserts or oceans with rare smoke and low energy consumption, and the new energy sources are rarely seen in cities with high population density and concentrated energy consumption. On the one hand, the new energy is not distributed in cities in a concentrated manner, such as concentrated areas of wind energy, ocean energy and geothermal energy are not suitable for human inhabitation; on the other hand, the solar energy is caused by incomplete and unreasonable utilization forms of new energy sources, such as solar energy, which is widely distributed, and a large amount of solar energy can be utilized in cities with large population density, but at present, the main combination mode of cities and solar energy, namely photovoltaic Building Integrated (BIPV), adopts photovoltaic components which generally present dark blue, gray and black, have poor color, texture and texture, are difficult to be highly fused with buildings, and cannot meet the aesthetic requirements of the buildings, and the defects limit the wide application of the photovoltaic components in the buildings, thereby limiting the wide application of the solar energy in the cities.
Based on this, the patent application CN200420085961 adopts optical antireflection films with different thicknesses and types, so that the crystalline silicon solar cell presents different colors; in patent application CN201020272089, an optical medium film layer is added between a glass substrate and a transparent conductive film, so that the optical medium film layer, the transparent glass substrate, the transparent conductive film and an amorphous silicon film form a passive filter system capable of selectively reflecting and absorbing solar spectrum. When the incident angle is changed, the color of the glass curtain wall may change, i.e. the color of the glass curtain wall may be different when viewed from the front and the side. In patent application CN201220200568, the color of the EVA or PVB adhesive film is changed to match the color of the building without changing the battery piece.
Although the above mentioned patents can make the photovoltaic module appear colorful and broaden the application range of the photovoltaic module, the texture of the photovoltaic module is similar to that of glass, and the texture are single, and these shortcomings still limit the application of the photovoltaic module in the building field.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at various defects of photovoltaic cells in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a photovoltaic building material for the field of buildings, the texture and the texture of the photovoltaic building material are not limited to those of glass any more, and the photovoltaic building material can show the same appearance as that of natural stones such as marble, granite and the like which are conventionally seen. By changing the formula of the photovoltaic building material surface layer material, the building material can have colorful appearance and rich texture and texture which are required by people. The photovoltaic building material can develop and utilize sufficient sunlight radiation on buildings without damaging the appearance and style of the buildings, and has wide application prospect.
The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a photovoltaic building material which comprises a surface layer and a power generation layer.
The surface layer has a weighted average transmittance of 30-85% and a haze of 10-95% in the wavelength range of 300-1300 nm.
Preferably, the surface layer raw material contains a curing mother liquid, a light diffusing agent and a coloring agent.
Preferably, the curing mother liquor comprises one or more of silicone emulsion, silicate aqueous solution, polyurethane emulsion, polyacrylic emulsion and high molecular polymer emulsion containing carbon-fluorine bonds.
Preferably, the light diffuser comprises one or more of polymethylmethacrylate, polystyrene and silicone.
Preferably, the light diffusing agent is spherical and has a size distribution of 0.8 to 7 μm.
Preferably, the mass fraction of the light diffusing agent in the curing raw material is 0.3% to 4%.
According to Mie theory, when spherical particles are uniformly dispersed in a resin matrix, the scattering intensity of the system is closely related to the particle size and the refractive index of the particles relative to the surrounding medium. Within a certain range, the larger the particle size of the particles, the larger the refractive index difference, and the larger the scattered light intensity. In the invention, the adopted light diffusant is an organic light diffusant, the material of the light diffusant is transparent to most photons, the refractive index of the light diffusant is close to that of an emulsion medium for dispersing the light diffusant, the relative refractive index is 0.90-0.99 or 1.01-1.10, and the loss of the transmitted light is less and the high-transparency effect is achieved despite multiple times of light refraction; meanwhile, because the light is refracted for many times, the direction of emergent light penetrating through the surface layer is deflected from the direction of incident light, so that the solar cell layer behind the surface layer cannot be seen visually, and the appearance of the solar cell is shielded.
Preferably, the colorant comprises one or more of a pigment and a dye.
Preferably, the dye is mixed with the mother liquor, so that a mixed solution with high transparency and high tinting strength can be obtained.
Preferably, the refractive index of the pigment is 1.4 to 2.5, and if the refractive index of the pigment is too high, the transparency is adversely affected.
Preferably, the pigment has a particle size of 300nm or less. The small pigment grain size is added into the mother liquid, which is beneficial to obtaining the solidification mixed liquid with high transparency under the condition of presenting a certain color. When the pigment particle size is smaller than 1/4 of the wavelength of incident light, light can be diffracted, the pigment particles can not interfere the process of the light in the pigment particle size, so that the surface layer has low covering power and high transmittance.
Preferably, the colorant comprises a pearlescent pigment.
Preferably, the pigment comprises a temperature-sensitive color-changing pigment and/or a photosensitive color-changing pigment.
Preferably, the thickness of the surface layer is 0.02-5 mm.
Preferably, the surface layer of the photovoltaic building material prepared by the invention has the water absorption rate of less than or equal to 8 percent, is free from damage after 50 times of freeze-thaw cycles, does not have cracks or cracks, has the artificial climate aging resistance of more than or equal to 600 hours and the stain resistance of less than or equal to 20 percent, has the chemical corrosion resistance according with the standard and the washing resistance of more than or equal to 1000 times, has the adhesive force between the surface layer and the power generation layer of more than or equal to 1MPa and the Mohs hardness of the surface layer of more than or equal to 3, and meets the performance requirements of the surface layer in the.
Preferably, the power generation layer is a solar cell module, including one of a crystalline silicon solar cell module or a thin film solar cell module. The crystalline silicon solar cell module is a commercially available product and comprises a substrate, an adhesive film, a solar cell layer and a protective layer; the thin film solar cell module comprises a substrate, a solar cell layer and a protective layer.
Preferably, the power generation layer is a self-made product including a substrate, a solar cell layer, and a protective layer.
Preferably, the photovoltaic building material comprises an electrode.
Preferably, the substrate and solar cell layer are well known in the art.
Preferably, the substrate comprises one of glass, metal plate, flexible plastic film or ceramic tile, and the electricity generating layer is deposited directly on the substrate layer.
Preferably, the thin film solar cell used for the power generation layer comprises a copper indium gallium selenide solar cell, a gallium arsenide solar cell, an amorphous silicon solar cell, a cadmium telluride solar cell, a dye sensitized solar cell, a copper zinc tin sulfide solar cell or a perovskite solar cell.
Preferably, the photovoltaic building material protection layer comprises one or more of a ceramic film, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyethylene-butylene copolymer (POE), silicone, Polyethylene (PE), polyethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE), perfluoroethylene propylene copolymer (FEP), polyvinylidene fluoride film (PVDF), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), inorganic glass, organic glass (PMMA) and Polycarbonate (PC).
The protective layer is only a ceramic film, and the ceramic film adopted by the protective layer comprises one or more of oxide, nitride and fluoride. The oxide comprises one or more of silicon oxide, zinc oxide and titanium oxide; the nitride comprises aluminum nitride and/or silicon nitride; the fluoride comprises polytetrafluoroethylene.
When the protective layer comprises an adhesive film, namely one or more of EVA, PVB, POE and silica gel, the protective layer also comprises a front film;
wherein the front film comprises glass and/or a polymer material;
preferably, the polymer material comprises one or more of PMMA, PC, ETFE, PVDF, FEP, PET and PET/PE.
Preferably, the thickness of the ceramic thin film is 0.4 to 1000 μm.
Preferably, the ceramic film can be prepared by a sputtering method or a chemical vapor deposition method.
Preferably, the combination of the surface layer, the power generation layer and the first substrate can be adhered to a second substrate, and the second substrate comprises one or more of glass, a metal plate, a cement-based plate, a wood plate, a bamboo plate, a stone plate, a concrete plate, a plastic plate, a ceramic tile or a tile.
The invention provides a preparation method of a photovoltaic building material, which comprises the following steps:
1) mixing the curing mother liquor, the light diffusant and the colorant according to the proportion to prepare mixed liquor for the surface layer;
2) preparing a surface layer on the power generation layer, wherein the surface layer is prepared by directly covering liquid on the surface of the power generation layer and solidifying.
Preferably, the surface layer can be prepared by preparing the liquid material on the power generation layer by adopting a manual spraying, automatic spraying, brushing, spin coating, printing, slurry flowing, rolling, blade coating or coating method.
Preferably, the curing temperature in the step 2) is-10 ℃ to 90 ℃, and the curing time is 0.2s to 48 h.
Some methods for preparing the facing material need to be performed at high temperatures, which can damage the photovoltaic module. The invention improves the formula of the surface layer material, and can solidify the surface layer material at-10 ℃ to 90 ℃; in addition, the surface layer can keep high transmittance by controlling the thickness and the formula of the surface layer.
The whole process of the preparation method is carried out at a lower temperature, high-temperature treatment is not needed, energy consumption can be effectively reduced, and the battery can be prevented from being damaged.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1) the surface layer is prepared on the surface of the solar cell, so that the surface of the solar cell can present the texture of conventional building materials, and the conversion efficiency of the solar cell is hardly reduced while power generation is ensured;
2) the surface layer adopted by the invention has the curing temperature of-10-90 ℃, does not damage the photovoltaic module and can form a surface layer with higher hardness on the photovoltaic module;
3) the surface layer prepared by the invention not only can be firmly combined with the photovoltaic module, but also has better wear resistance;
4) the surface layer prepared by the invention has better weather resistance, and can be in service for decades on the outer wall of a building;
5) the surface layer prepared by the method has stronger compactness and corrosion resistance, so that the solar cell wrapped in the surface layer can be effectively isolated from the outside;
6) the power generation building material prepared by the invention has stable performance, bright color, good decoration and wide application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a photovoltaic building material of the present invention, wherein 1 is a surface layer; 2 is a power generation layer;
FIG. 2 is a side view of the photovoltaic building material shown in FIG. 1, wherein FIG. 1 is a surface layer; 2-1 is a ceramic film; 2-2 is a solar cell layer; 2-3 is a glue film; 2-4 is a substrate; 2 x 2 is a negative electrode surface; 2 x 3 is a positive electrode surface; e1 is a leading negative electrode; e2 is the extraction positive electrode.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained and illustrated with reference to the drawings, which are only intended to illustrate and not to limit the invention.
Example 1
The photovoltaic building material substrate is a flexible stainless steel foil with the thickness of 0.2mm, and is provided with a power generation layer and a lead extraction electrode. And a surface layer is arranged on the power generation layer.
The preparation method of the power generation layer comprises the following steps:
and cleaning the flexible stainless steel foil substrate and putting the cleaned flexible stainless steel foil substrate into a magnetron sputtering machine. In order to prevent the elements in the stainless steel from diffusing into the solar cell, a WTi barrier layer with the thickness of 0.5 mu m is sputtered. Ar gas is used as working gas, the sputtering pressure is 0.7Pa, and the background vacuum is 2.0 multiplied by 10-3Pa, the substrate was not heated during sputtering. The Mo film is prepared by adopting a three-layer process, wherein the sputtering air pressure of the first layer is 1.5Pa, the sputtering air pressure of the second layer is 0.6Pa, and the sputtering air pressure of the third layer is 1.5 Pa. Depositing a CIGS thin film with the thickness of 1.2-2 mu m on the Mo film by a sputtering method, wherein the sputtering pressure is 0.7Pa, and the background vacuum is 1.5 multiplied by 10-3Pa followed by a selenization anneal. Placing the selenized film in cadmium sulfate or sulfurDepositing 30-50 nmCDS in the mixed solution of urea and ammonia water at 70 ℃. Then, the film is placed in the sputtering chamber again, and the working gas adopts O2+ Ar, sputtering pressure 0.7Pa, background vacuum 2.0X 10-3Pa, keeping the substrate temperature at 150-200 ℃ during sputtering, and respectively depositing an intrinsic ZnO film and an AZO film. And finally, depositing the NiAl grid by adopting an evaporation method to manufacture the flexible thin-film solar panel. Then, a layer of aluminum nitride with a thickness of 3 μm was deposited by a radio frequency sputtering method, and finally a power generation layer was formed.
The surface layer is prepared by a printing method, and the mixed solution of the surface layer raw materials contains curing mother liquor, light diffusant and colorant. The curing mother liquor adopts 21 parts of silicone-acrylate emulsion polymerized without soap, 90 parts of self-crosslinking silicone-acrylate emulsion copolymerized by a core-shell structure and 70 parts of organic silicon grafted acrylate emulsion, the light diffusant adopts spherical polymethyl methacrylate, the particle size of the light diffusant is 0.8 mu m, and the mass fraction of the light diffusant in the mixed liquor is 0.3 percent. The colorant comprises malachite and ultramarine violet pigment with the particle size distribution of 30-150 nm, the pigment accounts for 0.5% of the mixed solution, and in addition, the mixed solution of the surface layer raw material also comprises 40 parts of water, 1.5 parts of 5040 dispersing agent and 2.5 parts of M30 bactericide. The thickness of the prepared surface layer is 0.02mm, the curing temperature is 90 ℃, and the curing time is 1 h. The prepared surface layer has the transmittance of 85% and the haze of 52%.
Example 2
A photovoltaic building material is provided, wherein a substrate is glass, the thickness of the substrate is 2.0mm, a power generation layer is arranged on the substrate, and a lead extraction electrode is arranged on the power generation layer. The cell was prepared by a process similar to that of example 1, except that the CIGS thin film was replaced with Cu2(ZnSn)(SSe)4And the post-processing technology of the film is changed to selenization or sulfurization. And a protective layer is arranged on the battery layer and is made of EVA and glass.
The surface layer is prepared by a manual spraying method, and the surface layer raw material mixed solution contains curing mother solution, light diffusant and colorant. 45 parts of water glass is adopted as the curing mother liquor, and the curing mother liquor is a mixture of potassium water glass and sodium water glass, and the proportion of the potassium water glass to the sodium water glass is 2: 1, the light diffusant is organic silicon light diffusant, the particle size of the organic silicon light diffusant is 7 microns, and the mass fraction of the light diffusant in the mixed liquid is 2%. The colorant comprises phthalocyanine red and zinc white, and the pigment accounts for 0.9% of the mixed solution. In addition, the surface layer raw material mixed liquor also comprises 20 parts of filler, 1 part of silica gel and the mixture of talcum powder and calcium carbonate.
The thickness of the surface layer prepared by the embodiment is 2mm, the curing temperature is 20 ℃, and the curing time is 2 h.
The photovoltaic building material surface layer has a transmittance curve of 300-1300 nm of visible light, the weighted average transmittance is 35%, and the haze is 10%.
The protective layer of the photovoltaic building material of the present application can also be obtained in other ways, such as knife coating, printing, and paddle coating of the liquid mixture on the surface of the power generation layer.
Example 3
A photovoltaic building material is characterized in that a substrate is a ceramic tile, the thickness of the ceramic tile is 8.0mm, a battery layer is arranged on the ceramic tile, and a lead extraction electrode is arranged on the ceramic tile. The cell layer has a CdTe solar cell structure, and the preparation process comprises the following steps: firstly, putting a cleaned substrate in a sputtering instrument with Ar gas as working gas, 0.7Pa as sputtering gas pressure and 1.5 multiplied by 10 background vacuum-3Pa, sputtering and depositing a layer of transparent conductive indium tin oxide film on the substrate. Then coating the CdS slurry into a film by adopting a screen printing method, drying the film for 1-3 hours at the temperature of 90-120 ℃, and then performing N2Sintering for 0.5-2 h in the atmosphere, wherein the sintering temperature is 650-710 ℃. And then printing the slurry containing CdTe powder on the CdS and sintering for 1 h. Finally, printing a carbon electrode and Ag paste on the CdTe to be used as an extraction electrode. The protective layer is arranged on the battery layer and is composed of PVB and ETFE, and the surface layer is prepared on the protective layer, the thickness of the surface layer is 0.1mm, and the raw materials are as follows.
The surface layer raw material mixed solution contains curing mother solution, light diffusant and colorant. 60 parts of curing mother liquor, namely mixing fluorocarbon resin emulsion and polyacrylic acid emulsion in a mixing ratio of 3:1, the light diffusant is polystyrene light diffusant, the particle size of the light diffusant is 2 microns, and the mass fraction of the light diffusant in the mixed solution is 4%. The colorant comprises a mixture of ultramarine blue, organic green and toluidine red, and the pigment accounts for 1.5% of the mixture. In addition, the surface layer raw material mixed liquor also comprises 15 parts of filler, and the filler is prepared by mixing wollastonite powder, quartz powder and bentonite according to the weight ratio of 1: 1.5: 0.8, and also comprises 0.2 part of dimethyl sulfoxide, 1.1 parts of sodium polycarboxylate and 0.3 part of silicone emulsion.
And (3) applying the liquid solution for forming the surface layer to the surface of the power generation layer in the forms of spraying, printing and paddle, wherein the curing temperature is 90 ℃, and the curing time is 0.2 s. The transmittance curve of the surface layer to visible light with the wavelength of 300-1300 nm has the weighted average transmittance of 52% and the haze of 50%.
Example 4
A photovoltaic building material comprises a substrate made of aluminum nitride ceramics with a thickness of 10.0mm, a power generation layer arranged on the substrate, an amorphous silicon battery selected as a battery layer, and a lead extraction electrode. A protective layer is arranged on the battery layer, the material of the protective layer is ceramic thin film silicon dioxide, the thickness of the protective layer is 15 mu m, and the silicon dioxide is obtained by reactive sputtering: the vacuum chamber is pumped to 2.0X 10-3And starting to work after Pa. Adopting 600W constant power sputtering, sputtering pressure of 0.6Pa, sputtering atmosphere of Ar + O2Wherein Ar: o is23:1, the target material is monocrystalline silicon with the purity of 6N, and the target base distance is 60 mm.
The surface layer is prepared by a printing method, and the surface layer raw material mixed solution contains curing mother solution, light diffusant and colorant according to parts by weight. 75 parts of sodium silicate is adopted as the curing mother liquor, and the curing mother liquor is a mixture of potassium sodium silicate and sodium silicate, and the ratio of the potassium sodium silicate to the sodium silicate is 1: 1, the light diffusant is polymethyl methacrylate light diffusant, the particle size of the light diffusant is 1 mu m, and the mass fraction of the light diffusant in the mixed solution is 3%. The colorant comprises phthalocyanine red and phlogopite, and the pigment accounts for 1.0% of the mixed solution. In addition, the surface layer raw material mixed liquor also comprises 20 parts of filler, and the filler is prepared by mixing wollastonite powder, aluminum silicate and kaolin, wherein the weight ratio of the filler to the surface layer raw material mixed liquor is 3: 2: 5, and also comprises 0.5 part of silica gel.
The photovoltaic building material surface layer has a transmittance curve of 300-1300 nm visible light, the weighted average transmittance is 45%, and the haze is 40%.
The protective layer of the photovoltaic building material can also be obtained in other manners, such as spraying, silk-screening and paddle-coating the liquid mixture on the surface of the power generation layer.
Example 5
A photovoltaic building material is a polycrystalline silicon component product, a substrate of the polycrystalline silicon component product is a ceramic tile with water absorption rate less than 1%, the thickness of the ceramic tile is 5mm, and a lead extraction electrode is arranged on a power generation layer. And a protective layer is arranged on the battery layer and is a silicon dioxide ceramic film.
The surface layer is prepared by an automatic spraying method, and the surface layer raw material mixed solution contains curing mother solution, light diffusant and colorant. 70 parts of curing mother liquor, wherein the fluorocarbon resin emulsion and the polyurethane emulsion are mixed according to the mixing ratio of 1: 1, the light diffusant is polystyrene light diffusant, the particle size of the light diffusant is 2 microns, and the mass fraction of the light diffusant in the mixed solution is 1%. The coloring agent adopts pearlescent pigment, and the pigment accounts for 1.25% of the mixed solution. In addition, the surface layer raw material mixed liquor also comprises 10 parts of filler, and the mixture adopts the mixture of quartz powder and precipitated barium sulfate, and the weight ratio is 2: 3, 0.4 part of glycerin and 1.0 part of sodium polycarboxylate.
The thickness of the surface layer is 0.3mm, the curing temperature is 50 ℃, and the curing time is 1 s. The transmittance curve of visible light of 300-1300 nm has a weighted average transmittance of 45% and a haze of 95%. The photovoltaic building material structure schematic diagrams are shown in fig. 1 and 2.
Example 6
A photovoltaic building material is a commercially available monocrystalline silicon battery component product. The substrate is glass, the thickness is 2mm, a lead extraction electrode is arranged on the power generation layer, and the power generation layer is provided with a protective layer, the protective layer comprises silica gel and a front film, and the front film is ETFE.
The surface layer is prepared by a spin coating method, and the mixed solution of the surface layer raw materials contains curing mother solution, light diffusant and colorant. The curing mother liquor adopts 28 parts of soap-free polymerized silicone-acrylic emulsion, 70 parts of self-crosslinking silicone-acrylic emulsion formed by copolymerization of a core-shell structure and 110 parts of organic silicon grafted acrylate emulsion, the light diffusant adopts spherical polystyrene, the particle size of the light diffusant is 2.5 mu m, and the mass fraction of the light diffusant in the mixed liquor is 1%. The colorant comprises mixture of fast peach red lake and acid lake blue lake, dye accounts for 0.9% of the mixture, and the mixture of surface layer materials also comprises 2 parts of 250HBR cellulose and 2.5 parts of M30 bactericide. The thickness of the prepared surface layer is 0.05 mm. The curing temperature is-20 ℃, and the curing time is 30 h.
The power generation building material surface layer obtained in the embodiment has a weighted average transmittance of 55% and a haze of 70% for light of 300 to 1300 nm.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limited. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (12)

1. The photovoltaic building material is characterized by comprising a surface layer and a power generation layer; the weighted average transmittance of the surface layer in the wavelength range of 300 nm-1300 nm is 30% -85%, and the haze is 10% -99%; the surface layer is prepared by directly covering the surface layer mixed raw material on the surface of the power generation layer and performing liquid state curing at the temperature of-10-90 ℃; the raw materials comprise a curing mother solution, a light diffusant and a coloring agent, wherein the curing mother solution comprises one or more of organic silicon emulsion, silicate aqueous solution, polyurethane emulsion and polyacrylic emulsion.
2. The photovoltaic building material of claim 1, wherein the light diffuser comprises one or more of polymethylmethacrylate, polystyrene, and silicone.
3. A photovoltaic building material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the light diffusing agent has a size of 0.8 μm to 7 μm.
4. The photovoltaic building material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the light diffusing agent is present in an amount of 0.3 to 4% by mass.
5. A photovoltaic building material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the colorant comprises a pigment and/or a dye.
6. The photovoltaic building material of claim 5, wherein the pigment has a refractive index of 1.4 to 2.5.
7. The photovoltaic building material of claim 5, wherein the pigment has a particle size of 300nm or less.
8. The photovoltaic building material of claim 1, wherein the thickness of the facing layer is 0.02-5 mm.
9. The photovoltaic building material of claim 1, wherein the power generation layer comprises one of a crystalline silicon solar cell module or a thin film solar cell module.
10. A photovoltaic building material according to claim 1, wherein the electricity generating layer comprises a substrate, a solar cell layer, and a protective layer.
11. A method of making a photovoltaic building material of any of claims 1-10, comprising the steps of:
1) mixing the curing mother liquor, the light diffusant and the colorant according to the proportion to prepare a surface layer mixed raw material;
2) and preparing a surface layer on the power generation layer, wherein the surface layer is prepared by directly covering the surface layer on the surface of the power generation layer with a surface layer mixed raw material and curing.
12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the surface layer is cured at a temperature of-10 ℃ to 90 ℃ for a time of 0.2s to 48 h.
CN201910098475.1A 2019-01-31 2019-01-31 Photovoltaic building material and preparation method thereof Active CN109904244B (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201910098475.1A CN109904244B (en) 2019-01-31 2019-01-31 Photovoltaic building material and preparation method thereof
EP19912647.5A EP3920241A4 (en) 2019-01-31 2019-09-09 BUILDING MATERIAL FOR ENERGY PRODUCTION AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THEREOF
CA3131439A CA3131439A1 (en) 2019-01-31 2019-09-09 Power-generating building materials and preparation process thereof
KR1020217027076A KR20210122270A (en) 2019-01-31 2019-09-09 Power generation building materials and manufacturing method thereof
JP2021544514A JP7328341B2 (en) 2019-01-31 2019-09-09 Power generation building material and its manufacturing method
PCT/CN2019/104876 WO2020155628A1 (en) 2019-01-31 2019-09-09 Power generation building material and manufacturing method therefor
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CN117720323A (en) * 2023-10-10 2024-03-19 广东省福美材料科学技术有限公司 A kind of photovoltaic cell facing material and preparation method thereof

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