CN109801989B - Power generation building material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Power generation building material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109801989B
CN109801989B CN201910098347.7A CN201910098347A CN109801989B CN 109801989 B CN109801989 B CN 109801989B CN 201910098347 A CN201910098347 A CN 201910098347A CN 109801989 B CN109801989 B CN 109801989B
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building material
layer
protective layer
solar cell
power generation
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CN109801989A (en
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张亚飞
张冷
张伟
李永武
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Guangzhi Technology Development Kunshan Co ltd
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Guangzhi Technology Development Kunshan Co ltd
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Publication of CN109801989A publication Critical patent/CN109801989A/en
Priority to PCT/CN2019/104876 priority patent/WO2020155628A1/en
Priority to EP19912647.5A priority patent/EP3920241A4/en
Priority to KR1020217027076A priority patent/KR20210122270A/en
Priority to CA3131439A priority patent/CA3131439A1/en
Priority to JP2021544514A priority patent/JP7328341B2/en
Priority to US17/427,514 priority patent/US20220140773A1/en
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells

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Abstract

The invention discloses a power generation building material and a preparation method thereof. The power generation building material comprises a building material veneer protective layer, a photoelectric conversion layer and a building material substrate layer; the weighted average transmittance of the building material veneer protective layer in the wavelength range of 300 nm-1300 nm is 10% -85%. The method for preparing the power generation building material mainly comprises the following steps: sequentially preparing each film layer required by the solar cell on the surface of the cleaned substrate layer, leading out the anode and the cathode, and then preparing a barrier layer on the solar cell to form a photoelectric conversion layer together with the solar cell; and preparing a building material facing protective layer on the light-transmitting surface of the photoelectric conversion layer, wherein the building material facing protective layer is prepared by solidifying the liquid raw material coated on the light-transmitting surface of the photoelectric conversion layer. The power generation building material has the texture and quality of building materials, is rich and diverse in expression form, can not change the building style and urban landscape when being installed on the appearance of a building, and has wide application prospect.

Description

Power generation building material and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of photovoltaics, and particularly relates to a power generation building material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Wind energy, solar energy, ocean energy, geothermal energy and the like are new energy sources which can be utilized by people at present, production places of the wind energy, the solar energy, the ocean energy, the geothermal energy and the like are all arranged in suburbs, deserts or oceans with rare smoke and low energy consumption, and the utilization of the new energy sources is rarely seen in cities with concentrated population and high energy consumption. On the one hand, the new energy is not distributed in a centralized way, such as the centralized distribution area of wind energy, ocean energy and geothermal energy is not suitable for human residence; on the other hand, the new energy is not fully and reasonably utilized, for example, the solar energy is widely distributed, and a large amount of available solar energy is available in cities with large population density. At present, the main mode of combining cities and solar energy is building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), but the photovoltaic modules adopted by the conventional BIPV generally present dark blue, gray and black colors, have poor aesthetic color, texture and texture, cannot meet the aesthetic requirements of buildings, and are difficult to be integrated with the buildings, and the defects limit the wide use of the photovoltaic modules in the field of buildings.
Based on this, the patent application CN200420085961 adopts optical antireflection films with different thicknesses and types, so that the crystalline silicon solar cell presents different colors; in patent application CN201020272089, an optical medium film layer is added between a glass substrate and a transparent conductive film, so that the optical medium film layer, the transparent glass substrate, the transparent conductive film and an amorphous silicon film form a passive filter system capable of selectively reflecting and absorbing solar spectrum. When the incident angle is changed, the color of the curtain wall glass changes, namely the color of the curtain wall glass is different when the curtain wall glass is observed from the front and the side. In patent application CN201220200568, the color of the EVA or PVB adhesive film is changed to match the color of the building without changing the battery piece.
Although the photovoltaic modules can be colored, the application range of the photovoltaic modules is widened, the modules are still single in color, toughened glass is still adopted as a packaging protection surface layer for the photovoltaic modules, and light pollution such as flashing and dizziness caused by mirror reflection still exists. Therefore, the photovoltaic module cannot be used in large quantities in the field of buildings.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the existing photovoltaic module, the invention aims to provide the power generation building material which has the same texture and appearance as natural stones such as marble, granite and the like, so that the power generation building material is not limited to the glass texture and single color of the traditional photovoltaic module. By changing the formula, the preparation process and the thickness of the decorative surface protective layer of the power generation building material, the power generation building material can present colorful appearance and rich texture which are wanted by people. The power generation building material can utilize solar energy to generate power without damaging the appearance and style of a building, and has wide application prospect.
The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a power generation building material is a building material with a photovoltaic power generation function; the power generation building material at least comprises a building material veneer protective layer, a photoelectric conversion layer and a building material substrate layer; the building material veneer protective layer has the texture and quality of a building material, and the weighted average transmittance of the building material veneer protective layer in the wavelength range of 300 nm-1300 nm is 10% -85%.
Preferably, the raw materials of the building material facing protective layer comprise mother liquor and filling pigment. The mother solution comprises one or more of organic silicon emulsion, silicate aqueous solution, polyurethane emulsion, polyacrylic acid emulsion and high molecular polymer emulsion containing carbon-fluorine bonds;
the filler pigment may be an inorganic pigment including one or more of carbonate, oxide, sulfide, selenide, sulfate, silicate, ferrocyanide, chromate, molybdate and mixed oxide;
the filling pigment can also adopt organic pigments, including one or more of phthalocyanine, azo and polycyclic.
Preferably, the raw material of the building material facing protective layer can also comprise a small amount of one or more of nano particles, quantum dots and graphene.
Further preferably, the nanoparticles comprise an inorganic light diffuser and/or an organic light diffuser.
Preferably, the raw materials of the building material facing protective layer comprise 143-296 parts by weight of mother liquor and 1-10 parts by weight of filling pigment.
Further preferably, the mother solution comprises 30-90 parts of water glass, 90-160 parts of filler, 0.1-0.5 part of defoaming agent, 3-5 parts of thickening agent, 1-5 parts of film-forming assistant, 5-9 parts of curing agent and 14-27 parts of water. The solidification mechanism of the liquid material of the selected mother liquor involves the absorption of carbon dioxide in air to form amorphous silicate and gradual drying to solidify.
Further preferably, the pigment comprises an inorganic pigment and an organic pigment, the inorganic pigment comprises a natural mineral pigment and/or an artificial pigment, the natural mineral pigment comprises rock green, carbon black, mica, coral and realgar, and the artificial pigment comprises iron oxide red, iron oxide yellow, titanium white, chrome yellow, iron blue, pearl silver and pearl gold; the organic pigment comprises one or more of azo pigment, phthalocyanine pigment, triarylmethane pigment and polycyclic pigment; the water glass comprises sodium water glass and potassium water glass, and the filler comprises one or more of white carbon black, kaolin, heavy calcium carbonate, light calcium carbonate, wollastonite powder, talcum powder, quartz powder, mica powder, aluminum silicate, barium sulfate and bentonite; the defoaming agent comprises one or more of lower alcohols, mineral oils and organic silicon resin; the thickening agent comprises one or more of silica gel, methylcellulose and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose; the coalescing agent comprises a dodecanol ester; the curing agent comprises vinyl triamine and m-PDA (metaphenylene diamine).
Preferably, the mother solution accounts for 75-115 parts by weight, and the pigment accounts for 1-5 parts by weight.
Further preferably, the mother liquor comprises a base material, a filler and an auxiliary agent in parts by weight; 50-70 parts of base material, 5-15 parts of filler and 3-6 parts of auxiliary agent.
Further preferably, the binder comprises a fluorocarbon resin; the pigment comprises natural mineral pigment and/or artificial pigment, the natural mineral pigment comprises one or more of rock green, carbon black, mica, coral and realgar, and the artificial pigment comprises one or more of iron oxide red, iron oxide yellow, titanium dioxide, chrome yellow and iron blue; the filler comprises one or more of white carbon black, kaolin, calcium carbonate, wollastonite powder, talcum powder, quartz powder, mica powder, aluminum silicate, barium sulfate and bentonite; the auxiliary agent comprises a wetting agent, a dispersing agent, a defoaming agent, a film-forming auxiliary agent, a mildew preventive and a thickening agent.
Further preferably, the humectant comprises glycerin and/or dimethyl sulfoxide; the dispersant comprises sodium polycarboxylate and/or ammonium polyacrylate; the defoaming agent comprises one or more of emulsified silicone oil, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaerythritol ether and polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene amine ether; the film-forming aid comprises dodecyl ester alcohol; the mildew preventive comprises one or more of calcium propionate, ammonium persulfate and o-phenylphenol; the thickening agent is one or more of silica gel, methylcellulose and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose;
preferably, the raw material for preparing the facing protective layer takes the mother solution as the main material and is supplemented with the pigment. The mother solution is 140-200 parts by weight, and the pigment is 1-10 parts by weight.
Further preferably, the mother solution comprises, by weight, 600-800 parts of deionized water, 0.1-1 part of a cross-linking agent, 2-5 parts of cellulose, 0.5-3 parts of a dispersing agent, 0.5-3 parts of a multifunctional assistant, 1-4 parts of a bactericide, 15-30 parts of a forming agent, 2-6 parts of ethylene glycol, 8-10 parts of a film-forming assistant, 15-28 parts of a soap-free polymerized silicone-acrylic emulsion, 70-110 parts of a core-shell structure copolymerized self-crosslinked silicone-acrylic emulsion and 50-110 parts of an organic silicon grafted acrylate emulsion.
Further preferably, the pigment comprises 5-14 parts of inorganic pigment, the inorganic pigment comprises natural mineral pigment and/or artificial pigment, the natural mineral pigment comprises one or more of rock green, carbon black, mica, coral and realgar, and the artificial pigment comprises one or more of iron oxide red, iron oxide yellow, titanium white, chrome yellow and iron blue.
Further preferably, the pigment can be selected from organic pigments in parts by weight, and the organic pigments comprise 5-15 parts of organic pigments, and the organic pigments comprise one or more of azo pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, triarylmethane pigments and polycyclic pigments.
Further preferably, the facing protective layer material further comprises sand powder, and the sand powder comprises one or more of quartz sand, kaolin, marble powder and white marble powder.
Preferably, the pigments employed include thermochromic pigments and/or photochromic pigments.
Preferably, the thickness of the building material facing protective layer is 0.01-5 mm.
Preferably, the weighted average transmittance of the building material veneer protective layer in the wavelength range of 300 nm-1300 nm is 10% -85% by adjusting the thickness, formula and preparation process of the building material veneer protective layer.
Preferably, the water absorption rate of the building material veneer protective layer is less than or equal to 8%, the building material veneer protective layer is free from damage after 50 times of freeze-thaw cycles, the occurrence of burst and cracks is avoided, the artificial weather aging resistance is more than or equal to 600h, the contamination resistance is less than or equal to 20%, the chemical corrosion resistance meets the standard, the washing resistance is more than or equal to 1000 times, the adhesion force between the building material veneer protective layer and the power generation layer is more than or equal to 1MPa, the Mohs hardness of the building material veneer protective layer is more than or equal to 3, and the.
Preferably, the power generation building material base layer is made of common building materials, the water absorption rate of the common building materials is below 0.5%, the common building materials comprise one of glass, metal plates, cement-based fiber boards, flexible plastic films and ceramic tiles, and the photoelectric conversion layer is directly deposited on the building material base layer.
Preferably, the photoelectric conversion layer includes a thin film solar cell and a barrier layer.
Preferably, the thin film solar cell used in the photoelectric conversion layer comprises one or more of a copper indium gallium selenide solar cell, a gallium arsenide solar cell, an amorphous silicon solar cell, a cadmium telluride solar cell, a dye sensitized solar cell, a copper zinc tin sulfide solar cell and a perovskite solar cell.
Preferably, the barrier layer of the photovoltaic conversion layer of the power generation building material comprises one or more of a ceramic film, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyethylene-butylene copolymer (POE), silica gel, Polyethylene (PE), polyethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE), perfluoroethylene propylene copolymer (FEP), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), glass, organic glass (PMMA), and Polycarbonate (PC).
Wherein, when the barrier layer is only a ceramic thin film;
the ceramic thin film includes an oxide and/or a nitride. The oxide comprises one or more of silicon oxide, zinc oxide and titanium oxide; the nitride includes aluminum nitride and/or silicon nitride.
Wherein when the barrier layer comprises EVA, PVB, POE or silica gel, the barrier layer further comprises a front film; the front film comprises glass and a high polymer material;
preferably, the polymer material comprises one or more of PMMA, PC, ETFE, PVDF, FEP, PET and PET/PE.
Preferably, the thickness of the ceramic thin film is 0.4 to 100 μm.
Preferably, the ceramic thin film can be prepared by one of a sputtering method and a chemical vapor deposition method.
Preferably, the power generation building material comprises at least one pair of positive and negative electrodes, and the electrodes are arranged on the base layer or the side edges of the power generation building material.
Preferably, the power generation building material can be used for the outer surface of a building, and the thickness of the power generation building material is 5 mm-30 mm.
The power generation building material is subjected to 200 times of thermal cycle in a thermal cycle test, so that the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the power generation building material is unchanged; after 10 cycles in the wet freezing test, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the power generation building material is unchanged; after 1000 hours in a damp and hot test, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the power generation building material is unchanged; in the insulation and voltage resistance test of the power generation building material, the leakage current is less than 50 microamperes, and the insulation resistance is more than 50 megaohms.
The invention also provides a preparation method of any one of the power generation building materials, which comprises the following steps:
1) cleaning the building material substrate layer according to a standard cleaning process, sequentially preparing each film layer required by the solar cell on the surface of the cleaned substrate layer, and leading out a positive electrode and a negative electrode;
2) then preparing a barrier layer on the solar cell, and forming a photoelectric conversion layer together with the solar cell;
3) and preparing a building material veneer protective layer on the light receiving surface of the photoelectric conversion layer, wherein the building material veneer protective layer is prepared by solidifying the liquid raw material coated on the light receiving surface of the photoelectric conversion layer.
Preferably, the standard cleaning process flow described in step 1) is as follows:
feeding → washing agent rolling and brushing → pure water rolling and brushing → ultrasound → BJ spraying → pure water washing → air knife drying → blanking.
Wherein, the cleaning process parameters are as follows: (1) rolling and brushing the cleaning agent: the rotating speed of the rolling brush is 400r/min, the water pressure of the upper spray and the lower spray is controlled to be 1.0-1.3 MPa, and the volume ratio of the cleaning agent to the deionized water is 1: 9. (2) Pure water rolling and brushing: the rotating speed of the rolling brush is 400r/min, and the water pressure of the upper spray and the lower spray is controlled to be 0.5-1.0 MPa. (3) An ultrasonic section: the ultrasonic frequency is fixed at 18kHz, and the water in the ultrasonic section is required to immerse the substrate. (4) BJ spray section: the BJ nozzle must form 30 degrees with the transmission direction, the water pressure is controlled above 0.4MPa, and the air pressure must be more than or equal to 0.6 MPa. (5) A pure water spraying section: the upper and lower spraying pressure is controlled between 0.4-0.8 MPa. (6) A pure water washing section: the upper and lower spraying pressure is controlled between 0.2-0.4 MPa. (7) An air knife section: the pressure of the air knife should be higher than 0.6 MPa. (8) Blanking: the substrate must be static removed after drying.
Preferably, the building material facing protective layer can be prepared by preparing a liquid material on the photoelectric conversion layer by adopting a manual spraying, automatic spraying, brushing, spin coating, printing, slurry flowing, rolling, blade coating or coating method.
Preferably, the curing temperature in the step 4) is-10 ℃ to 100 ℃ and the curing time is 0.1s to 72 h.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1) the power generation building material provided by the invention has the function of generating power by utilizing sunlight, also has the texture and quality of the building material, and completely overcomes the defects of light pollution such as flashing, dizziness and the like caused by mirror reflection of the conventional photovoltaic module.
2) The power generation building material provided by the invention can design the color and the pattern of the decorative surface protective layer of the building material according to the requirement, has rich and colorful appearance, achieves high integration with the building art of modern cities, and has wide application prospect.
3) The building material veneer protective layer adopted by the invention has the advantages of no damage to the solar cell module due to low curing temperature, simple preparation process, low energy consumption, no pollution and low product cost.
4) The building material veneer protective layer prepared by the invention has stronger adhesive force with a photoelectric conversion layer, better wear resistance and stronger corrosion resistance, meets the weather resistance requirement of common building exterior wall building materials, and has a service life far longer than that of the current common photovoltaic modules.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a power generation building material prepared in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an I-V curve of the power generation building material prepared in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a structural view of a power generating building material (containing a ceramic film) of the present invention, 1 building material facing protective layer; 2 is a photoelectric conversion layer; 3 is a base layer of building materials;
FIG. 4 is a side view of the power generating building material of FIG. 1, wherein FIG. 1 is a building material facing protective layer; 2-1 is a ceramic film; 2-2 is a solar cell layer; 2 x 2 is a negative electrode surface; 2 x 3 is a positive electrode surface; e1 is a leading negative electrode; e2 is a leading positive electrode; 3 is a basal layer;
FIG. 5 is a structural diagram of the power generation building material (including front film and adhesive film) of the present invention, wherein 1 is a protective layer of the facing of the building material; 2 is a photoelectric conversion layer; 3 is a base layer of building materials;
FIG. 6 is a side view of the power generating building material of FIG. 3, and FIG. 1 is a building material facing protective layer; 2-1 is a front membrane; 2-2 is a glue film; 2-3 is a solar cell layer; 2 x 2 is a negative electrode surface; 2 x 3 is a positive electrode surface; e1 is a leading negative electrode; e2 is a leading positive electrode; 3 is a base layer of building materials;
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained and illustrated with reference to the drawings, which are only intended to illustrate and not to limit the invention.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, a power generation building material structure diagram is shown.
The power generation building material comprises a building material facing protective layer, a photoelectric conversion layer and a building material base layer.
The building material substrate layer comprises one of glass, metal plate, cement-based fiber board, flexible plastic film or ceramic tile.
The photoelectric conversion layer comprises a Copper Indium Gallium Selenide (CIGS) solar cell, a gallium arsenide (GaAs) solar cell, an amorphous silicon solar cell, a cadmium telluride (CdTe) solar cell, a dye sensitized solar cell, a Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide (CZTS) solar cell or a perovskite solar cell.
The weighted average transmittance of the building material veneer protective layer in the wavelength range of 300 nm-1300 nm is 10% -85%. The thickness of the facing protective layer is 0.01-5 mm, and the thicker facing protective layer of the building material can bring better protection effect, but can cause the transmittance to be reduced.
Example 1
The power generation building material has base layer of flexible stainless steel foil of 0.2mm thickness, photoelectric conversion layer on the base layer, and electrodes led out via wires. And a building material facing protective layer is arranged on the photoelectric conversion layer.
The preparation method of the photoelectric conversion layer comprises the following steps:
and cleaning the flexible stainless steel foil substrate and putting the cleaned flexible stainless steel foil substrate into a magnetron sputtering machine. In order to prevent the elements in the stainless steel from diffusing into the solar cell, a WTi barrier layer with the thickness of 0.5 mu m is sputtered. The working gas is Ar gas, the sputtering pressure is 0.7Pa, and the background vacuum is 2.0 multiplied by 10-3Pa, the substrate was not heated during sputtering. The Mo film is prepared by adopting a three-layer process, wherein the sputtering air pressure of the first layer is 1.5Pa, the sputtering air pressure of the second layer is 0.6Pa, and the sputtering air pressure of the third layer is 1.5 Pa. A CIGS thin film with the thickness of 1.2 mu m is deposited on the Mo film by a sputtering method, the sputtering pressure is 0.7Pa, and the background vacuum is 1.5 multiplied by 10-3Pa followed by a selenization anneal. Placing the CIGS thin film after selenization in a mixed solution of cadmium sulfate, thiourea and ammonia water for deposition50nm CdS. Then the CIGS film is placed in the sputtering chamber again, and the working gas adopts O2+ Ar, sputtering pressure 0.7Pa, background vacuum 2.0X 10-3Pa, the base temperature is 200 ℃ during sputtering, and the intrinsic ZnO film and the AZO film are respectively deposited. And finally, depositing a NiAl grid electrode by adopting an evaporation method to manufacture the flexible CIGS thin film solar panel. Then, a barrier layer of aluminum nitride having a thickness of 3 μm was deposited by a radio frequency sputtering method, and finally a photoelectric conversion layer was formed.
The building material veneer protective layer comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: according to the weight portion, the mother solution accounts for 155 portions, the pigment accounts for 7 portions, and the pigment selects titanium dioxide, iron oxide red powder, iron oxide yellow, phthalocyanine blue and chromium oxide green with the same weight. The mother solution comprises 764 parts of deionized water, 0.4 part of A1522 cross-linking agent, 3 parts of 250HBR cellulose, 1.5 parts of 5040 dispersing agent, 1.5 parts of AMP-95 multifunctional auxiliary agent, 2.5 parts of M30 bactericide, 21 parts of R103 forming agent, 4 parts of ethylene glycol, 9.5 parts of C-12 film-forming auxiliary agent, 0.1 part of organic silicon light diffusant, 0.02 part of semiconductor cerium oxide quantum dot, 0.001 part of graphene, 21 parts of soap-free polymerized silicone-acrylate emulsion, 90 parts of core-shell structure copolymerized self-crosslinking silicone-acrylate emulsion and 70 parts of organic silicon grafted acrylate emulsion. And preparing the building material veneer protective layer by adopting a printing method. The thickness of the prepared building material facing protective layer is 0.5 mm. And curing the prepared sample of the building material facing protective layer at 100 ℃ for 0.1s to obtain the power generation building material.
The structure of the power generation building material prepared in example 1 is shown in fig. 3 and 4, and the photoelectric conversion rate of the power generation building material prepared is 12.3%.
FIG. 2 shows the I-V curve of the power generation building material prepared in example 1.
Example 2
A power generation building material comprises a substrate made of glass and having a thickness of 2.0mm, a photoelectric conversion layer disposed thereon, and a lead extraction electrode. The photoelectric conversion layer was prepared by a process similar to that of example 1, except that a copper zinc tin sulfur selenium thin film was used instead of the CIGS thin film, and the post-treatment process of the CZTSSe thin film was changed to selenization and sulfurization. The battery layer is provided with a blocking layer, the blocking layer is made of EVA and glass, and the building material veneer protective layer is prepared by a manual spraying method.
The raw material proportion of the building material veneer protective layer is as follows: the adopted mother solution accounts for 186 parts by weight, and the pigment accounts for 5 parts by weight. The adopted mother solution comprises 45 parts of potassium water glass and 130 parts of filler, wherein the filler is the mixture of talcum powder, calcium carbonate and kaolin, and the weight ratio of the filler is 2: 1: 1. the mother solution also comprises 0.2 part of organic silicon resin, 3 parts of silica gel, 1 part of dodecyl alcohol ester, 6 parts of vinyl triamine, 20 parts of water and 0.2 part of barium sulfate light diffusant. 5 parts of pigment, including titanium dioxide, iron oxide red powder, iron oxide yellow, phthalocyanine blue, lime green and realgar. The thickness of the prepared facing protective layer is 2mm, the curing temperature is 20 ℃, and the curing time is 20 h.
The structure of the power generation building material prepared in example 2 is shown in fig. 5 and 6, and the photoelectric conversion rate of the power generation building material prepared is 7.3%.
Example 3
The power generating building material has ceramic tile as substrate, 8.0mm thickness, photoelectric conversion layer on the substrate, and lead extracting electrode. The photoelectric conversion layer is a CdTe solar cell, the cell layer is provided with a barrier layer, the barrier layer is PVB and ETFE, and the building material veneer protective layer is prepared on the barrier layer and has the thickness of 5 mm.
The raw material proportion of the building material veneer protective layer is as follows: the adopted mother solution accounts for 100 parts by weight, and the pigment accounts for 5 parts by weight. The mother liquor raw materials comprise base materials, fillers and auxiliaries; 60 parts of base material, 18 parts of filler and 3.8 parts of auxiliary agent. The base material comprises fluorocarbon resin; the pigment includes mica, coral, cadmium red, iron blue and organic green; the filler comprises wollastonite powder, quartz powder and bentonite, and the weight ratio is 1: 1.5: 0.8; the auxiliary agent comprises 0.2 part of dimethyl sulfoxide, 1.1 parts of sodium polycarboxylate, 0.3 part of emulsified silicone oil, 1.5 parts of dodecyl alcohol, 0.2 part of o-phenylphenol and 0.5 part of methyl cellulose.
And coating the liquid mixed raw material of the facing protective layer on the surface of the photoelectric conversion layer in a spraying mode, and curing for 72 hours at the temperature of minus 10 ℃ to obtain the power generation building material.
The structure of the power generation building material prepared in example 3 is shown in fig. 5 and 6, and the photoelectric conversion rate of the power generation building material prepared is 13.7%.
Example 4
The power generation building material has a substrate of PTFE plate with thickness of 5.0mm, a photoelectric conversion layer of amorphous silicon cell and lead extraction electrode. A barrier layer is arranged on the battery layer, and the material of the barrier layer is a silicon dioxide thin film, and the thickness of the barrier layer is 5 micrometers. The silicon dioxide is obtained by reactive sputtering: the vacuum chamber is pumped to 2.0X 10-3After Pa, sputtering with constant power of 600W and sputtering pressure of 0.6Pa in Ar + O atmosphere2Wherein Ar: o is23:1, the target material is monocrystalline silicon with the purity of 6N, and the target base distance is 60 mm.
The building material facing protective layer is prepared by a printing method. The raw material ratio is as follows: according to the weight portion, the adopted mother solution accounts for 240 portions, and the pigment accounts for 10 portions. The adopted mother liquor comprises 75 parts of sodium silicate and 112 parts of filler, wherein the filler is a mixture of wollastonite powder, aluminum silicate and kaolin, and the weight ratio of the filler is 3: 2: 5. the mother solution also comprises 0.1 part of organic silicon resin, 5 parts of methyl cellulose, 5 parts of dodecyl alcohol ester, 6 parts of m-phenylenediamine, 14 parts of water and 0.05 part of organic silicon light diffusant, wherein the pigment is 10 parts of phthalocyanine pigment. The thickness of the prepared facing protective layer is 1mm, and a sample of the prepared building material facing protective layer is cured for 2 hours at the temperature of 50 ℃ to obtain the power generation building material.
The structure of the power generation building material prepared in example 4 is shown in fig. 3 and 4, and the photoelectric conversion rate of the power generation building material prepared is 8.3%.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limited. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (9)

1. The power generation building material is a building material with a power generation function and is characterized by comprising a building material facing protective layer, a photoelectric conversion layer and a building material base layer; preparing a building material veneer protective layer on the light receiving surface of the photoelectric conversion layer, wherein the building material veneer protective layer is prepared by solidifying a liquid raw material coated on the light receiving surface of the photoelectric conversion layer;
the building material veneer protective layer has the texture and quality of a building material, and the weighted average transmittance of the building material veneer protective layer in the wavelength range of 300 nm-1300 nm is 10% -85%;
the raw materials of the building material veneer protective layer comprise mother liquor and filling pigment;
the mother solution comprises one or more of organic silicon emulsion, silicate aqueous solution, polyurethane emulsion, polyacrylic acid emulsion and high molecular polymer emulsion containing carbon-fluorine bonds;
the filling pigment adopts inorganic pigment, and comprises one or more of carbonate, oxide, sulfide, selenide, sulfate, silicate, ferrocyanide, chromate and molybdate; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the filling pigment adopts organic pigment, including one or more of phthalocyanine, azo and polycyclic.
2. The power generation building material according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the building material facing protective layer is 0.01-5 mm.
3. The power generating building material of claim 1, wherein: the water absorption rate of the building material veneer protective layer is less than or equal to 8%, the artificial climate aging resistance is more than or equal to 600h, the stain resistance is less than or equal to 20%, the washing resistance is more than or equal to 1000 times, the adhesive force between the building material veneer protective layer and the power generation layer is more than or equal to 1MPa, and the Mohs hardness of the building material veneer protective layer is more than or equal to 3.
4. The power generating building material of claim 1, wherein the building material substrate layer is a building material having a water absorption of 0.5% or less.
5. The power generation building material of claim 1, wherein the photoelectric conversion layer comprises a thin film solar cell and a barrier layer, and the thin film solar cell comprises a copper indium gallium selenide solar cell, a gallium arsenide solar cell, an amorphous silicon solar cell, a cadmium telluride solar cell, a dye sensitized solar cell, a copper zinc tin sulfide solar cell, or a perovskite solar cell.
6. The power generating building material of claim 1, wherein the power generating building material comprises at least one pair of positive and negative electrodes.
7. A method of making the power generating building material of any of claims 1-6 comprising the steps of:
1) cleaning the building material substrate layer, sequentially preparing film layers required by the solar cell on the surface of the cleaned building material substrate layer, and leading out a positive electrode and a negative electrode;
2) then preparing a barrier layer on the solar cell, and forming a photoelectric conversion layer together with the solar cell;
3) and preparing a building material veneer protective layer on the light receiving surface of the photoelectric conversion layer, wherein the building material veneer protective layer is prepared by solidifying the liquid raw material coated on the light receiving surface of the photoelectric conversion layer.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the building material facing protective layer is prepared by a process comprising manual spraying, automated spraying, brushing, spin coating, printing, slurry flowing, roll coating, blade coating, or coating.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein the building material facing protective layer has a cure temperature of-10 ℃ to 100 ℃ and a cure time of 0.1s to 72 hours.
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