CN111116870B - 一种潜伏性树脂组合物、预浸料及环氧复合材料 - Google Patents
一种潜伏性树脂组合物、预浸料及环氧复合材料 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111116870B CN111116870B CN201911407407.5A CN201911407407A CN111116870B CN 111116870 B CN111116870 B CN 111116870B CN 201911407407 A CN201911407407 A CN 201911407407A CN 111116870 B CN111116870 B CN 111116870B
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- C08G59/423—Polycarboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or low molecular weight esters thereof containing an atom other than oxygen belonging to a functional groups to C08G59/42, carbon and hydrogen
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
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- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种潜伏性树脂组合物、预浸料及环氧复合材料。本发明的潜伏性树脂组合物包括环氧树脂、固化剂、促进剂、增韧剂和溶剂;其中所述固化剂包括主固化剂和副固化剂,所述主固化剂包括有机酰肼类潜伏性固化剂,所述副固化剂包括包括双氰胺类潜伏性固化剂、芳香胺类潜伏性固化剂、有机酸酐类潜伏性固化剂、路易斯酸胺络合物中的一种或几种组合。本发明的潜伏性树脂组合物能够在中温条件下快速固化,制得的预浸料在常温和冷藏条件能长期保存,且制备工艺简便,设备简单易操作,能够保证环氧复合材料具有较好的热力学性能和力学性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于高分子树脂组合物技术领域,特别是涉及一种潜伏性树脂组合物、预浸料及环氧复合材料。
背景技术
环氧树脂自1958年开始生产以来,产量迅速增加,新品种也发展较快,广泛用于电子、电气、化工、机械等领域。现市面上的环氧先进复合材料产品大半由预浸料铺迭后固化制得,为提高生产效率,一般选择操作简单的预浸料成型工艺,如模压。模压工艺因其能一次成型较复杂制品,且操作简便、成本较低,广泛应用在生产结构件、连接件、防护件和电气绝缘件等方面。研究制备出一种贮存时间长、固化温度适中、固化效率快、适用于简单模压工艺的环氧预浸料是可大大节约生产时间,提高生产效率。
现阶段市面上的能快速固化的环氧组合物/预浸料一般分为无潜伏性低温快速固化和潜伏性高温快速固化。具潜伏性的中温快速固化环氧组合物/预浸料较少,且普遍存在保存期短、需低温保存的问题。CN 106349650中公开了一种适合中温快速固化的环氧树脂组合物及其制备方法,其方法可实现模具中150℃/5min的快速完全固化,但环氧组合物制备后需在冷冻-18℃保存。CN 110256812中公开了一种潜伏性中温快速固化无卤阻燃环氧树脂组合物及其预浸料方法,该预浸料在150℃/30min下能完全固化,但其预浸料需低温保存,常温操作期只有7天。
有机酰肼类固化剂具有优良的粘接性和耐水性,贮存性好,但因有机酰肼类固化剂固化温度高且国内对其相关研究较少,鲜少有技术人员将其应用于解决中温快速固化问题。专利CN 101585929中公开了一种改性酰肼潜伏性固化剂及其制备方法,制得的固化剂与液态环氧树脂具有很好的相容性,所配制的单组分水性环氧涂料在室温下具有6个月以上的储存期,但其固化速度慢,130℃/2h+/150℃/2h固化后才能形成弹性良好的黄棕色透明漆膜。CN 103193959中公开了一种可降解酰肼类潜伏型环氧树脂固化剂,其制备的复合材料具有优异的力学性能且可降解回收,但其固化在较高温度(大于150℃)时才能快速固化。
目前市场上具潜伏性的中温快速固化环氧组合物/预浸料还存在设备复杂、工序繁琐且成本高的问题。如EP 1279688B1公开了一种可快速固化的碳纤维增强环氧树脂,能分别在130℃/19min和150℃/3min条件下实现完全固化,但其采用的二次干法浸渍制备预浸料所需设备成本高、工艺复杂。CN 107868401公开了一种快速成型用中温固化预浸料树脂基体及其制备方法,能在120℃下15min完全固化,但其预浸料制备过程对原料粒径要求高且需在真空搅拌机中进行,原料准备及制备工艺繁杂。
发明内容
本发明的目的是弥补现有技术的不足,提供一种潜伏性树脂组合物、预浸料及环氧复合材料。本发明的潜伏性树脂组合物能够在中温条件下快速固化,并且制得的预浸料常温贮存期在40天以上,4℃冷藏条件下贮存期可达半年以上,且本发明的潜伏性树脂组合物和预浸料制备工艺简便,设备简单易操作,能够保证产品具有较好的热力学性能和力学性能。
本发明提供一种潜伏性树脂组合物,所述潜伏性树脂组合物包括环氧树脂、固化剂、促进剂、增韧剂和溶剂;其中所述固化剂包括主固化剂和副固化剂,所述主固化剂包括有机酰肼类潜伏性固化剂,所述副固化剂包括包括双氰胺类潜伏性固化剂、芳香胺类潜伏性固化剂、有机酸酐类潜伏性固化剂、路易斯酸胺络合物中的一种或几种组合。
优选的,所述固化剂由质量百分含量60-98%的主固化剂和2-40%的副固化剂组成。
优选的,所述主固化剂包括癸二酸二酰肼、芳香族酰肼、琥珀酸酰肼、己二酸酰肼、间苯二甲酸酰肼、2-硝基苯甲酰肼中的一种或几种。
优选的,所述副固化剂包括双氰胺、间苯二胺二胺基二苯砜、间苯二胺、邻苯二甲酸酐、氯茵酸酐、三氟化硼-苄胺中的一种或几种。
优选的,所述潜伏性树脂组合物中各组分重量配比如下:环氧树脂100重量份,固化剂1-50重量份,促进剂0.1-8重量份,增韧剂1-10重量份,有机溶剂10-100重量份。
优选的,所述环氧树脂包括双酚A型环氧树脂、双酚F型环氧树脂、双酚S型环氧树脂、酚醛环氧树脂中的一种或几种。
优选的,所述促进剂包括叔胺类、咪唑类及其衍生物、脲类及其衍生物、有机胍类及其衍生物、有机羧酸盐络合物、过氧化物中的一种或几种;更优选的,所述促进剂包括N-二甲基苄胺、苄基二甲胺、2-甲基咪唑、1-苄基-2-甲基咪唑、二氨基咪唑三嗪络合物、1-异丙基-2-甲基咪唑、N,N-二甲基脲、N,N-二乙基脲、2,4-甲苯双(二甲基)脲、二苯胍、二邻甲苯胍、三(2-乙基己酸)铬络合物、过氧化苯甲酰、亚乙基硫脲中的一种或几种。
优选的,所述增韧剂为包含-OH、-COOH、-SO3H、-CONH2、CONHR、SO2NH2、SO2NHR、-SH、-NH2基团中的一种或几种的增韧剂。上述基团具有促进作用,因此,本发明的增韧剂可与促进剂协同促进环氧树脂的固化。更优选的,所述增韧剂包括橡胶弹性体、可与环氧树脂形成互穿网络的聚合物、热致液晶聚合物(TLCP)、壳-核聚合物、热塑性树脂中的一种或几种;最优选的,所述增韧剂包括端羧基丁腈橡胶、端羧基聚氨酯、端氨基丁腈橡胶、聚硫橡胶中的一种或几种。
为能有效提高环氧树脂组合物的渗透性、其流平性和均匀性,优选的,所述潜伏性树脂组合物还包括流平剂,所述流平剂为0.5-2重量份。
优选的,所述流平剂包括有机硅型流平剂、丙烯酸酯型流平剂和氟碳化合物类流平剂中的一种或几种组合;更优选的,所述流平剂包括有机硅型流平剂。
优选的,所述溶剂包括醇类、醛类、酯类、醚类、酮类、酰胺类、苯类中的一种或几种;更优选的,所述溶剂包括乙二醇甲醚、乙二醇二甲醚、丙二醇甲醚、丁酮、丙酮、甲苯中的一种或几种。
本发明还提供一种预浸料,所述预浸料包括增强材料以及通过涂覆干燥后附着在其上的上述树脂组合物。
本发明还提供一种环氧复合材料,其通过将叠置的预浸料置于两片离型膜之间模压而成。
本发明具有以下技术特点:
1)本发明的树脂组合物的固化剂由主固化剂和副固化剂按照有一定比例复配使用,能够使树脂组合物在中温条件下(100℃-140℃)快速(8min)固化,并且预浸料在常温贮存期在40天以上,4℃冷藏条件下贮存期可达半年以上。
2)本发明在树脂组合物添加了具有促进基团的增韧剂,该增韧剂能够与促进剂协同作用,能够促进树脂组合物的快速固化,且能够保证层压制品成型外观良好,提高其热力学性能和力学性能,本发明的层压制品力学和热学性能较好(弯曲强度为245-270MPa,弯曲模量为12.5-14.0GPa,Tg为120-140℃)。
3)本发明的环氧树脂组合物及预浸料制备工序简便,设备简单易操作。本发明在实现环氧预浸料可中温快速固化的同时,也维持了该产品的热力学性能和力学性能,保证了长的贮存时间以及适用于模压成型工艺。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将对本发明实施例的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述。显然,所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于所描述的本发明的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在无需创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明的保护范围。
除非另作定义,本公开所使用的技术术语或者科学术语应当为本发明所属领域内有一般技能的人士所理解的通常意义。
实施例1
步骤1:将3份端羧基丁腈橡胶加入到20份丁酮溶剂中形成丁腈橡胶-丁酮溶液,溶液固含量约12-16%;再将5份癸二酸二酰肼,1.2份双氰胺,0.8份二甲基咪唑,1份2,4-甲苯双(二甲基)脲,0.8份有机硅流平剂,加入到50份乙二醇甲醚溶剂中,溶解完全后加入上述丁腈橡胶-丁酮溶液和100份双酚A形环氧树脂制备成环氧树脂组合物。以上溶液均置于机械搅拌机充分搅拌,转速为800转/min。
步骤2:测试环氧树脂组合物110℃-140℃的凝胶时间,测试方法参考GB12007.7-1989进行。详细数据见表1。
步骤3:将环氧树脂组合物均匀涂覆于电子级玻纤布上并置于110-140℃下烘烤2-4min,后冷却至室温制成半固化片;其中控制半固化片流动度大于8%小于25%,流动度测试方法参考GB/T 32788.2-2016进行。
步骤4:叠配1至多层半固化片并于两面附上离型膜,置于模具中,放入叠合式压机中进行压合。压合温度80-140℃,压合压力0.5-5MPa,压合时间8-15min,制成环氧模压复合材料A。
步骤5:分别将半固化片进行室温存放和4℃冷藏存放。室温下分别取存放10天,20天,30天,40天,50天的半固化片测试流动度并按步骤4工艺进行模压,制成环氧模压复合材料B1,B2,B3,B4,B5;4℃下分别取存放1个月,2个月,4个月,6个月,8个月的半固化片测试流动度并按步骤4工艺进行模压,制成环氧复合材料C1,C2,C3,C4,C5。
观察半固化片模压成型情况并将模压材料进行水煮实验(100℃水煮1h观察变形情况);用DSC测试玻璃化转变温度Tg和△Tg,一般ΔTg≤3℃即为固化完全;用万能试验机测试材料弯曲性能。
详细测试数据见表2。
实施例2
步骤1:将8份聚硫橡胶溶于20份甲苯溶剂中形成聚硫橡胶-甲苯溶液,溶液固含量约28-40%;再将8份间苯二甲酸酰肼,5份氯茵酸酐,1.4份苄基二甲胺,6份二邻甲苯胍,1.1份有机硅流平剂,加入到80份丙二醇甲醚溶剂中,溶解完全后加入上述聚硫橡胶-甲苯溶液和100份双酚A形环氧树脂制备成环氧树脂组合物。以上溶液均置于机械搅拌机充分搅拌,转速为800转/min。
环氧复合材料样品制备和测试步骤按实施例1进行。
详细测试数据见表3。
实施例3
步骤1:将3.2份2-硝基苯甲酰肼,1.5份间苯二胺,2.8份过氧化苯甲酰,6份端氨基液体丁腈橡胶,0.9份有机硅流平剂,加入到60份乙二醇二甲醚甲醚溶剂中,溶解完全后加入上述丁腈橡胶-丁酮溶液和100份双酚A形环氧树脂制备成环氧树脂组合物。以上溶液均置于机械搅拌机充分搅拌,转速为800转/min。
环氧复合材料样品制备和测试步骤按实施例1进行。
详细测试数据见表4。
对比例1不含主固化剂
步骤1:将3份端羧基丁腈橡胶加入到20份丁酮溶剂中形成丁腈橡胶-丁酮溶液,溶液固含量约12-16%;再将4份双氰胺,0.8份二甲基咪唑,1份2,4-甲苯双(二甲基)脲,0.8份有机硅流平剂,加入到50份乙二醇甲醚溶剂中,溶解完全后加入上述丁腈橡胶-丁酮溶液和100份双酚A形环氧树脂制备成环氧树脂组合物。以上溶液均置于机械搅拌机充分搅拌,转速为800转/min。
环氧复合材料样品制备和测试步骤按实施例1进行。
详细测试数据见表5。
对比例2不含增韧剂
步骤1:将5份癸二酸二酰肼,1.2份双氰胺,0.8份二甲基咪唑,1份2,4-甲苯双(二甲基)脲,0.8份有机硅流平剂,加入到50份乙二醇甲醚溶剂中,溶解完全后加入100份双酚A形环氧树脂制备成环氧树脂组合物。以上溶液均置于机械搅拌机充分搅拌,转速为800转/min。
环氧复合材料样品制备和测试步骤按实施例1进行。
详细测试数据见表6。
对比例3固化剂、促进剂和增韧剂含量过低
步骤1:将0.3份端羧基丁腈橡胶加入到2份丁酮溶剂中形成丁腈橡胶-丁酮溶液,溶液固含量约12-16%;再将0.5份癸二酸二酰肼,0.24份双氰胺,0.01份二甲基咪唑,0.01份2,4-甲苯双(二甲基)脲,0.5份有机硅流平剂,加入到50份乙二醇甲醚溶剂中,溶解完全后加入上述丁腈橡胶-丁酮溶液和100份双酚A形环氧树脂制备成环氧树脂组合物。以上溶液均置于机械搅拌机充分搅拌,转速为800转/min。
环氧复合材料样品制备和测试步骤按实施例1进行。
详细测试数据见表7。
对比例4固化剂、促进剂和增韧剂含量过高
步骤1:将12份端羧基丁腈橡胶加入到80份丁酮溶剂中形成丁腈橡胶-丁酮溶液,溶液固含量约12-16%;再将40份癸二酸二酰肼,12份双氰胺,5份二甲基咪唑,5份2,4-甲苯双(二甲基)脲,1.2份有机硅流平剂,加入到150份乙二醇甲醚溶剂中,溶解完全后加入上述丁腈橡胶-丁酮溶液和100份双酚A形环氧树脂制备成环氧树脂组合物。以上溶液均置于机械搅拌机充分搅拌,转速为800转/min。
环氧复合材料样品制备和测试步骤按实施例1进行。
详细测试数据见表8。
对比例5主固化剂含量低于60%
步骤1:将3份端羧基丁腈橡胶加入到20份丁酮溶剂中形成丁腈橡胶-丁酮溶液,溶液固含量约12-16%;再将1.2份癸二酸二酰肼,3.8份双氰胺,0.8份二甲基咪唑,1份2,4-甲苯双(二甲基)脲,0.8份有机硅流平剂,加入到50份乙二醇甲醚溶剂中,溶解完全后加入上述丁腈橡胶-丁酮溶液和100份双酚A形环氧树脂制备成环氧树脂组合物。以上溶液均置于机械搅拌机充分搅拌,转速为800转/min。
环氧复合材料样品制备和测试步骤按实施例1进行。
详细测试数据见表9。
对比例6主固化剂含量高于98%
步骤1:将3份端羧基丁腈橡胶加入到20份丁酮溶剂中形成丁腈橡胶-丁酮溶液,溶液固含量约12-16%;再将7.5份癸二酸二酰肼,0.06份双氰胺,0.8份二甲基咪唑,1份2,4-甲苯双(二甲基)脲,0.8份有机硅流平剂,加入到50份乙二醇甲醚溶剂中,溶解完全后加入上述丁腈橡胶-丁酮溶液和100份双酚A形环氧树脂制备成环氧树脂组合物。以上溶液均置于机械搅拌机充分搅拌,转速为800转/min。
环氧复合材料样品制备和测试步骤按实施例1进行。
详细测试数据见表10。
对比例7增韧剂不含促进基团
步骤1:将5份癸二酸二酰肼,1.2份双氰胺,0.8份二甲基咪唑,1份2,4-甲苯双(二甲基)脲,0.8份有机硅流平剂,加入到50份乙二醇甲醚溶剂中,溶解完全后加入100份双酚A形环氧树脂继续搅拌,以上溶液均置于机械搅拌机充分搅拌,转速为800转/min;上述溶液搅拌均匀后加入2份纳米SiO2,以2000转/min的高速搅拌分散均匀后制备成环氧树脂组合物。
上述纳米二氧化硅粒径约20-30nm。
环氧复合材料样品制备和测试步骤按实施例1进行。
详细测试数据见表11。
本发明实施例1-3与现有技术中温快固化预浸料的部分工艺性能比较见表12.
表1实施例/对比例100℃-140℃的凝胶时间测试结果
注:对比例4中促进剂含量过高,树脂组合物凝胶时间过短,可供大批量生产的操作期很短;且环氧树脂固化很快,破坏了其原有的优良潜伏性,会大大影响环氧组合物的贮存期。DSC测试热固性材料Tg显示Tg1/Tg2,△Tg=丨Tg1-Tg2丨表征固化程度,若△Tg>3℃,则材料未在要求工艺条件内完全固化,性能出现不同程度降低。
表2实施例1部分测试结果
表3实施例2部分测试结果
表4实施例3部分测试结果
表5对比例1部分测试结果
表6对比例2部分测试结果
表7对比例3部分测试结果
表8对比例4部分测试结果
表9对比例5部分测试结果
表10对比例6部分测试结果
表11对比例7部分测试结果
表12实施例1-3与现有中温快固化预浸料的部分工艺性能比较
从实施例1-3可以看出,以有机酰胺类作主固化剂和其他副固化剂按上述技术方案进行组合使用,预浸料在常温贮存40天和4℃冷藏6个月后均可进行模压成型,并且完全固化,在水煮实验中不变形,也具有一定的力学性能,不同的固化体系其热力学和机械性能有一些不同。随着贮存时间延长,热力学和力学性能均有一定程度的下降。
比较对比例1和实施例1,若不以有机酰肼类为主固化剂,环氧组合物固化全由副固化剂来完成,此时虽然能达到110-140℃/8min中温快速固化,但常温和冷藏贮存期均有一定缩短;比较对比例2和实施例1,对比例7和实施例1,环氧组合物中不含带促进官能团的增韧剂或增使用的增韧剂为不含促进基团时,凝胶时间增长,虽成型外观良好,但无法实现100-140℃/8min的快速完全固化,且影响了一部分热力学性能和力学性能;比较对比例3和实施例1,对比例4和实施例1,环氧组合物的增韧剂、固化剂和促进剂低于指定范围或超出指定范围,模压成型情况很差,未实现完全固化,且对复合材料性能负面影响很大;比较对比例5和实施例1,当主固化剂含量低于60%且副固化剂含量高于40%时,虽然能达到110-140℃/8min中温快速固化,但常温和冷藏贮存期均有一定缩短;比较对比例6和实施例1,当主固化剂含量高于98%且副固化剂含量低于2%时,常温贮存期可达到40天,但是低温下的贮存期很短,低温贮存1个月后虽然预浸料仍具流动性但已无法实现110-140℃/8min的中温快速固化。
将实施例1-3与部分现有的中温快固化的环氧预浸料的工艺、性能进行比较,发现本技术方案在进一步加快固化速率的基础上,维持了热力学性能和力学性能,且贮存期得到提升。
以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明方法及其核心思想。应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰,这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求保护范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种潜伏性树脂组合物,其特征在于,所述潜伏性树脂组合物包括环氧树脂、固化剂、促进剂、增韧剂和溶剂;其中,所述固化剂由质量百分含量60-98%的主固化剂和2-40%的副固化剂组成,所述主固化剂包括有机酰肼类潜伏性固化剂,所述副固化剂包括双氰胺类潜伏性固化剂、芳香胺类潜伏性固化剂、有机酸酐类潜伏性固化剂、路易斯酸胺络合物中的一种或几种组合;
所述增韧剂为包含-OH、-COOH、-SO3H、-CONH2、CONHR、SO2NH2、SO2NHR、-SH、-NH2基团中的一种或几种的增韧剂;
所述促进剂包括叔胺类、咪唑类及其衍生物、脲类及其衍生物、有机胍类及其衍生物、有机羧酸盐络合物、过氧化物中的一种或几种;
所述潜伏性树脂组合物中各组分重量配比如下:环氧树脂100重量份,固化剂1-50重量份,促进剂0.1-8重量份,增韧剂1-10重量份,有机溶剂10-100重量份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的潜伏性树脂组合物,其特征在于,所述主固化剂包括癸二酸二酰肼、芳香族酰肼、琥珀酸酰肼、己二酸酰肼中的一种或几种。
3.根据权利要求2所述的潜伏性树脂组合物,其特征在于,所述芳香族酰肼选自间苯二甲酸酰肼或者2-硝基苯甲酰肼。
4.根据权利要求1所述的潜伏性树脂组合物,其特征在于,所述副固化剂包括双氰胺、间苯二胺二胺基二苯砜、间苯二胺、邻苯二甲酸酐、氯茵酸酐、三氟化硼-苄胺中的一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的潜伏性树脂组合物,其特征在于,所述促进剂包括N-二甲基苄胺、苄基二甲胺、2-甲基咪唑、1-苄基-2-甲基咪唑、二氨基咪唑三嗪络合物、1-异丙基-2-甲基咪唑、N,N-二甲基脲、N,N-二乙基脲、2,4-甲苯双(二甲基)脲、二苯胍、二邻甲苯胍、三(2-乙基己酸)铬络合物、过氧化苯甲酰、亚乙基硫脲中的一种或几种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的潜伏性树脂组合物,其特征在于,所述增韧剂包括橡胶弹性体、可与环氧树脂形成互穿网络的聚合物、热致液晶聚合物(TLCP)、壳-核聚合物、热塑性树脂中的一种或几种。
7.根据权利要求6所述的潜伏性树脂组合物,其特征在于,所述增韧剂包括端羧基丁腈橡胶、端羧基聚氨酯、端氨基丁腈橡胶、聚硫橡胶中的一种或几种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的潜伏性树脂组合物,其特征在于,所述潜伏性树脂组合物还包括流平剂,所述流平剂为0.5-2重量份。
9.一种预浸料,其特征在于,所述预浸料包括增强材料以及通过涂覆干燥后附着在其上的如权利要求1-8任一项所述的树脂组合物。
10.一种环氧复合材料,其特征在于,其通过将叠置的如权利要求9所述的预浸料置于两片离型膜之间模压而成。
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