CN111112982A

CN111112982A - Automatic assembling equipment and method for crawler of excavator

Info

Publication number: CN111112982A
Application number: CN202010033597.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张烜
Original assignee: CMCU Engineering Co Ltd
Current assignee: CMCU Engineering Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-01-13
Filing date: 2020-01-13
Publication date: 2020-05-08
Anticipated expiration: 2040-01-13

Abstract

The invention discloses automatic assembly equipment and an assembly method for an excavator crawler belt, which belong to the technical field of factory automatic assembly and are used for automatically assembling crawler belts on two sides of a lower frame assembly of an excavator. The invention realizes the full-automatic assembly of the lower frame assembly and the crawler belt component of the excavator, and fills the blank of the automatic assembly of the crawler belt of engineering machinery excavator manufacturing enterprises in China.

Description

Automatic assembling equipment and method for crawler of excavator

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of factory automatic assembly, and particularly relates to an automatic assembly device and an assembly method for an excavator crawler belt.

Background

In the mechanical industry, the excavator is known as an engineering mechanical product "bright pearl on the crown", the crawler is used as a key component of the lower frame assembly of the excavator, and the crawler assembling process is an extremely important and key ring in the excavator assembling process. At present, no equipment for automatically assembling the crawler components of the excavator and directly and automatically transferring the crawler components to the upstream and downstream stations exists in China. At present, main operation modes of mainstream manufacturers are as follows:

1. the upper part of the track coil is manually operated by a forklift or a crane.

2. The spreading of the caterpillar band coil is realized by manually operating a travelling crane or dragging the caterpillar band coil by a steel wire rope or a winch on the ground and the like.

3. The crawler spreading and crawler assembling are in the same position, and the assembling rhythm is influenced.

4. After the crawler is spread, a positioning device is not generally arranged, and the straightness of the spread crawler cannot be guaranteed.

5. The upper part of the lower frame assembly is manually operated to drive the bicycle in place.

6. The wrapping of the caterpillar band is carried out by a manually operated traveling crane.

7. The turning of the lower frame assembly with the assembled crawler is generally completed through manual operation of a traveling crane.

Therefore, the whole process of assembling the crawler belt has low production efficiency and low safety performance. And the manual assembly mode needs 7 people in total, the assembly beat is about 20min, and the quality standard reaching rate is 80%. The manual assembly mode occupies more personnel, the labor intensity is high, the production efficiency is low, and the potential safety hazard is large. The manufacturing industry of China is dedicated to the improvement and the upgrade of factory workshops, the automation level is improved, the efficiency is improved, and the personnel investment is reduced. In the manufacturing industry of domestic engineering mechanical excavators, no automatic excavator track assembling equipment exists.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present invention provides an automatic assembling apparatus for an excavator track and an assembling method thereof, and provides an automatic assembling apparatus for an excavator track component, which is used for realizing the automatic assembling of a lower frame assembly and a track component of an excavator.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

the invention provides automatic assembly equipment for a crawler of an excavator, which comprises a shuttle car, a conveyor, an uncoiler, an uncoiling platform and a rail chain pin press, wherein the shuttle car runs on an assembly station line, is used for bearing a lower frame assembly and is provided with a lifting structure, the conveyor is used for conveying the crawler to two sides of the assembly station line, the uncoiler is arranged on two sides of the assembly station line and is used for lifting the crawler to be in a flattened or coiled shape, the uncoiling platform is used for bearing the flattened crawler, and the rail chain pin press is used for pressing the coiled crawler.

Further, still including setting up on the exhibition platform and propelling movement be the propelling movement machine of flattening form track to package position.

Furthermore, the elevators which are arranged at two sides of the assembly line and are positioned right below the track assembling positions at two sides of the lower frame assembly are used for replacing the lifting structure of the shuttle car, the lifting planes of the elevators when the elevators are not jacked are flush with the upper surface of the spreading table, the number of the push machines and the number of the elevators are multiple, and the power parts of the push machines and the elevators adopt hydraulic cylinders, air cylinders or electro-hydraulic push rods with synchronous valves.

And the control cabinet is electrically connected with the shuttle car, the conveyor, the uncoiler, the rail chain pin pressing machine, the pusher, the lifter and the valve table.

Further, the uncoiler walks on an assembly station line through a steel structure and adopts a manipulator or a suspension type crane.

Further, the rail chain pin pressing machine is arranged on the steel structure.

Furthermore, the conveying direction of the conveyor is perpendicular to the assembly line, the conveyor is provided with double stations which correspond to the spreading tables on two sides of the assembly line and are used for limiting the crawler belts, and the conveyor is an electric plate vehicle powered by a low-voltage rail.

The invention also provides an automatic assembly method of the excavator crawler belt, which utilizes the automatic assembly equipment and comprises the following steps:

1) conveying the crawler to be assembled to an assembly station line by using a conveyor;

2) flattening the crawler to be assembled on the spreading table by using an uncoiler;

3) transporting the lower frame assembly to be assembled to an assembly station line by using a shuttle car;

4) wrapping the crawler to be assembled on the lower frame assembly to be assembled by using an uncoiler;

5) pressing the wrapped caterpillar by using a caterpillar chain pin pressing machine;

6) and conveying the lower frame assembly with the assembled crawler out of the assembly line by using the shuttle vehicle, and repeating the operation.

Preferably, in the step 2), the flattened crawler belt is pushed to a position right below a crawler belt assembling position of the lower frame assembly by using a pushing machine.

Preferably, in steps 3) and 4), a lifter is used instead of the lifting structure of the shuttle car to lift the crawler to be assembled.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the equipment solves the problems that excavator manufacturers need to assemble the crawler belt by using equipment or tools with single functions manually, and the problems of high personnel participation, scattered stations, high labor intensity, low efficiency and poor safety in the assembly process are solved.

2. The whole assembly process of the equipment only needs 1 person, the assembly beat is about 10min, and the quality standard reaching rate is more than 99.5%. All processes of excavator track assembly and workpiece line changing can be automatically completed on one special device, the labor amount is obviously reduced, only one operator does not need to operate a forklift or walk remotely, the labor intensity is low, the production efficiency is high, and the potential safety hazard is low. Moreover, automatic equipment is adopted to assemble key processes, so that the product quality and stability are greatly improved; meanwhile, the blank of automatic assembly of the crawler belt of engineering machinery excavator manufacturing enterprises in China is filled.

Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out hereinafter.

Drawings

For the purposes of promoting a better understanding of the objects, aspects and advantages of the invention, reference will now be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a plan view of an automatic assembly special plane device for an excavator track;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 1;

reference numerals: the device comprises a lifting unit 1, a pushing device 2, an uncoiler 3, a conveyor 4, a shuttle car 5, a steel structure 6, a valve table 7, a control cabinet 8, a lower frame assembly 9, a crawler 10, an assembly line 11 and a spreading table 12.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments. Wherein the showings are for the purpose of illustration only and are shown by way of illustration only and not in actual form, and are not to be construed as limiting the present patent; to better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.

The first embodiment is as follows:

as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the automatic assembling device for the crawler of the excavator in the embodiment includes: the shuttle car 5 with a lifting structure runs on an assembly line 11 and is used for bearing a lower frame assembly 9; the conveyor 4 transports the crawler belts 10 to two sides of the assembly station line 11, the transportation direction is vertical to the assembly station line 11, and the conveyor adopts an electric plate trailer powered by a low-voltage rail; the uncoiler 3 is arranged on two sides of the assembly line 11 and used for lifting the crawler belt 10 to be in a flattened or coiled shape; the spreading table 12 is arranged on two sides of the assembly line 11 and bears the flat crawler belt 10; and the track chain pin pressing machine (not shown) presses the track chain joint of the crawler 10, and the conveyor 4 is provided with double stations which correspond to the spreading tables 12 on two sides of the assembly line 11 and are used for limiting the crawler 10.

The automatic pin pressing machine further comprises a valve table 7 connected with oil circuits or gas circuits of the pin pressing machine, the pushing machine 2 and the lifting machine 1, and a control cabinet 8 electrically connected with the shuttle car 5, the conveyor 4, the uncoiler 3, the pin pressing machine, the pushing machine 2, the lifting machine 1 and the valve table 7. In this way, the control cabinet and the valve table can perform combined automatic control on all the components to provide automatic operation.

The uncoiler 3 in this embodiment walks on the assembly line 11 through the steel structure 6, and adopts the suspension type driving. Of course, in various embodiments, a robotic arm may also be employed.

The chain pin press in this embodiment is also provided on the steel structure 6. So as to be operated conveniently, save the operation time and reduce the operation burden.

The following detailed description illustrates an automatic assembly method of a crawler belt of an excavator, which mainly comprises the following process flows: the method comprises the following steps of track feeding, track spreading, lower frame assembly feeding, wrapping and rolling the track, rail pressing chain, grease filling of a tensioning device and frame assembly unloading. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:

the first step is as follows: a worker uses a light hoisting tool to hoist a group of two tracks on the conveyor 4, the positioning of the tracks on the conveyor 4 is realized through limit stops on the conveyor, and the conveyor is in a low-voltage track power supply mode and is connected with a proximity switch;

the second step is that: after confirming that the crawler belt is in place, a worker triggers a starting button, and the conveyer 4 conveys the crawler belt to a corresponding station on an assembly station line;

the third step: the uncoiler 3 is two linked suspension type light program-controlled traveling cranes which automatically grab and uncoil the in-place crawler; after the crawler belt is spread in place, the uncoiler is loosened;

the fourth step: the shuttle car 5 carries the lower frame assembly of the excavator to move from the workpiece loading position (shown in the figure II) to the corresponding position on the assembly station line, the shuttle car 5 descends, the lower frame assembly is placed on the spread crawler belt, and the meshing of the crawler belt and the lower frame assembly is completed by the self gravity of the lower frame assembly;

the fifth step: the uncoiler 3 automatically grabs and coils the tail end of the crawler belt; after the wrapping crawler belt is finished, the uncoiler is loosened, and a worker operates the suspension type rail chain pin pressing machine to finish the rail chain pin pressing work;

and a sixth step: and (5) jacking the shuttle car 5, and lifting the lower frame assembly to be above the assembly line.

The seventh step: the shuttle car 5 carries the lower frame assembly of the excavator to move from a station corresponding to an assembly station line (shown in the figure III) to a lower workpiece station (a double-plate chain is assembled);

eighth step: the shuttle car 5 descends, the lower frame assembly of the excavator falls on the workpiece-dropping station, the double-plate chains are assembled, and the shuttle car 5 returns to carry out the next assembly cycle.

By adopting the scheme, the crawler assembling device solves the problems that excavator production enterprises need to assemble the crawler by using equipment or tools with single functions manually, and the excavator production enterprises are more in personnel participation, scattered in stations, high in labor intensity, low in efficiency and poor in safety in the assembling process. The automatic assembly of the excavator crawler belt is realized.

Example two:

the difference between the present embodiment and the first embodiment is: the device also comprises a pushing machine 2 which is arranged on the spreading table 12 and pushes the flat crawler belt to the wrapping position. Therefore, the crawler belt which is flattened on the spreading table can be adjusted to be linear by the pusher, and the crawler belt is positioned right below a crawler belt assembling position of the lower frame assembly, so that crawler belt assembling is facilitated. In order to further guarantee the straightness of the crawler, hydraulic cylinders, air cylinders or electro-hydraulic push rods with synchronous valves can be adopted for power parts of the plurality of pushing machines, so that the crawler can be effectively calibrated; and a positioning belt is arranged on one side of the spreading table, which is far away from the pushing machine, so that the crawler belt is accurately positioned at the position to be wrapped and the straightness of the pushed crawler belt is ensured.

According to the assembling method of the scheme, referring to the first embodiment, only at the end of the third step of operation, the flat crawler belt is pushed to the wrapping position by the pushing machine, so that the crawler belt laying on the spreading table and the crawler belt pushing by the pushing machine can not be influenced while the shuttle car works, the assembling rhythm is improved, and the assembling efficiency is accelerated.

Example three:

the present embodiment is different from the above embodiments in that: the lifter 1 provided on both sides of the assembly line 11 and located right below the crawler belt 10 assembly positions on both sides of the lower frame assembly 19 is used instead of the lifting structure of the shuttle 5. Therefore, under the condition that the lower frame assembly is lifted or lowered without the lifting function of the shuttle car, the crawler belt is lifted to the assembly position through the jacking of the lifter, and the crawler belt can be wrapped on the lower frame assembly by the uncoiler.

The lifting plane of the lifter 1 in the embodiment is flush with the upper surface of the spreading table 12 when the lifter is not lifted, so that the flattening of the crawler belt by the spreading table is not influenced or the interference with the work of the pusher is avoided.

The power components of the multiple elevators in this embodiment also employ hydraulic cylinders, air cylinders, or electro-hydraulic push rods with synchronizing valves. So as to facilitate reliable and stable operation thereof.

the fourth step: the pusher 2 is four linked hydraulic horizontal pushing devices (2 on each side), and horizontally pushes the stretched crawler to a crawler assembly position (or a lifter 1 is arranged at the lower part of the position);

the fifth step: the shuttle car 5 carries the lower frame assembly of the excavator to move from the workpiece loading position (shown in figure two) to the corresponding position on the assembly station line, the shuttle car 5 descends, and the lower frame assembly falls on the spread crawler belt, (for the shuttle car without lifting function or the excavator with larger lifting stroke, the part of the lower frame assembly can be lifted by the lifter 1, the crawler belt and the lower frame assembly are lifted together and separated from the shuttle car), and the meshing of the crawler belt and the lower frame assembly is completed by the self gravity of the lower frame assembly;

and a sixth step: the uncoiler 3 automatically grabs and coils the tail end of the crawler belt; after the wrapping crawler belt is finished, the uncoiler is loosened, and a worker operates the suspension type rail chain pin pressing machine to finish the rail chain pin pressing work;

the seventh step: and (3) jacking the shuttle car 5, namely jacking the lower frame assembly away from the elevator unit (for the excavator type with larger lifting stroke, the elevator unit 1 can automatically descend, so that the workpieces of the lower frame assembly descend together, and the workpieces of the lower frame assembly fall on the shuttle car).

Eighth step: the shuttle car 5 carries the lower frame assembly of the excavator to move from a station corresponding to an assembly station line (shown in the figure III) to a lower workpiece station (a double-plate chain is assembled);

the ninth step: the shuttle car 5 descends, the lower frame assembly of the excavator falls on the workpiece-dropping station, the double-plate chains are assembled, and the shuttle car 5 returns to carry out the next assembly cycle.

According to the automatic assembling method, linkage control is realized through the uncoiler, the pusher, the lifter and the rail chain pin press arranged on the two sides of the lower frame assembly, so that only 1 person is needed to complete crawler assembling of one lower frame assembly. Certainly, under different operation modes, it is also feasible that 1 person can be arranged respectively to lower frame assembly both sides and carry out the crawler assembly of its both sides, all compared with prior art, has all saved the manpower, has improved production efficiency for the production rhythm.

Finally, the above embodiments are only intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions, and all of them should be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides an automatic rigging equipment of excavator track, its characterized in that, including walk on assembly work line (11) and be used for bearing down frame assembly (9) and have elevation structure shuttle (5), transportation track (10) extremely conveyer (4) of assembly work line both sides, locate assembly work line both sides are used for the handling the track is flat form or the coiled exhibition machine (3) of package and is used for bearing the weight of the platform (12) of spreading that is flat form track, is used for the pressfitting to be the rail chain of the coiled form track and presses round pin machine.

2. The automated excavator track assembly machine of claim 1 further comprising a pusher (2) disposed on the spreader and pushing the track in a flattened form to a wrapped position.

3. The automatic assembly equipment of the excavator caterpillar band according to the claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the lifter (1) which is arranged at the two sides of the assembly line and is positioned right below the caterpillar band assembly positions at the two sides of the lower frame assembly is used for replacing the lifter structure of the shuttle car, the upper plane of the lifter is level with the upper surface of the spreading table when the lifter is not jacked, the pusher and the lifter are arranged in a plurality, and the power component of the pusher and the lifter adopts a hydraulic cylinder, a pneumatic cylinder or an electro-hydraulic push rod with a synchronous valve.

4. The automatic assembly equipment of the excavator caterpillar band according to claim 3, further comprising a valve station (7) connected with oil or gas circuits of the rail chain pin press, the pusher and the lifter, and a control cabinet (8) electrically connected with the shuttle car, the conveyor, the uncoiler, the rail chain pin press, the pusher, the lifter and the valve station.

5. The automatic assembly equipment of excavator tracks according to claim 1, characterized in that the uncoiler runs on an assembly station line through a steel structure (6) and adopts a manipulator or a suspended travelling crane.

6. The automated excavator track assembly apparatus of claim 5 wherein the track chain pin press is provided on the steel structure.

7. The automatic assembly equipment of the excavator crawler belt as claimed in claim 1, wherein the transport direction of the conveyor is perpendicular to the assembly line, the conveyor is provided with double stations corresponding to spreading tables on two sides of the assembly line and used for limiting the crawler belt, and the conveyor is an electric flat car powered by a low-voltage rail.

8. An automatic assembly method of an excavator crawler, characterized by using the automatic assembly apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:

9. The automated excavator track assembly method of claim 8, wherein in step 2), the flattened track is pushed by a pusher directly below a lower frame assembly track assembly location.

10. The automated assembly method of an excavator track as claimed in claim 8 or 9 wherein in steps 3) and 4) a lifter is used to effect the raising and lowering of the track to be assembled in place of the lifting structure provided on the shuttle.