CN111112982B - Automatic assembling equipment and method for excavator crawler belt - Google Patents
Automatic assembling equipment and method for excavator crawler belt Download PDFInfo
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- CN111112982B CN111112982B CN202010033597.5A CN202010033597A CN111112982B CN 111112982 B CN111112982 B CN 111112982B CN 202010033597 A CN202010033597 A CN 202010033597A CN 111112982 B CN111112982 B CN 111112982B
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- lower frame
- station line
- excavator
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000014121 butter Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000033764 rhythmic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003028 elevating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The invention discloses automatic assembling equipment for a crawler belt of an excavator and an assembling method thereof, which belong to the technical field of factory automatic assembling, and are used for automatically assembling the crawler belt on two sides of a lower frame assembly of the excavator. The invention realizes the full-automatic assembly of the lower frame assembly of the excavator and the crawler belt parts, and fills the blank of the automatic assembly of the crawler belt of the engineering machinery excavator manufacturing enterprise in China.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of factory automatic assembly, and particularly relates to automatic assembly equipment and an assembly method for an excavator crawler belt.
Background
In the mechanical industry, an excavator is known as a "pearl on crown" of an engineering mechanical product, and a crawler is used as a key part of a lower frame assembly of the excavator, so that a crawler assembly process is an extremely important and key ring in the excavator assembly process. At present, no equipment for automatically assembling the crawler components of the excavator and directly and automatically transferring the crawler components with upstream and downstream stations exists in China. The main operation modes of the current main stream manufacturers are as follows:
1. The upper part of the track roll is in place through a manual forklift or a crane.
2. The spreading of the track rolls is realized by manually operating a travelling crane or dragging a steel wire rope or a winch on the ground.
3. The track spreading and the track assembling are at the same position, and the assembling beat is affected.
4. After the crawler belt is paved, a positioning device is generally not arranged, and the straightness of the crawler belt after being paved can not be ensured.
5. The upper part of the lower frame assembly is driven in place through manual operation.
6. The wrapping of the crawler belt is carried out by manually operating the travelling crane.
7. The line turning of the lower frame assembly of the crawler belt is generally completed by manually operating a traveling crane.
Thus, the whole process of assembling the crawler belt has low production efficiency and low safety performance. And the manual assembly mode requires 7 people, the assembly beat is about 20 minutes, and the quality standard rate is 80%. The manual assembly mode occupies more personnel, has high labor intensity, low production efficiency and high potential safety hazard. The manufacturing industry in China aims at improving and upgrading factory workshops, improving the automation level, improving the efficiency and reducing the personnel investment. For the manufacturing industry of domestic engineering machinery excavators, no automatic assembly equipment for the crawler belt of the excavator exists.
Disclosure of Invention
Accordingly, the present invention provides an automatic assembly device for an excavator track and an assembly method thereof, and provides an automatic assembly device for an excavator track, which is used for realizing the full automatic assembly of an excavator lower frame assembly and a track.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
The invention provides automatic assembling equipment for an excavator crawler, which comprises a shuttle car, a conveyor, an uncoiler, a spreading table and a rail chain pin pressing machine, wherein the shuttle car walks on an assembly station line and is used for bearing a lower frame assembly and is provided with a lifting structure, the conveyor is used for conveying the crawler to two sides of the assembly station line, the uncoiler is arranged on two sides of the assembly station line and is used for lifting the crawler to be in a flattened shape or a wrapped shape, the spreading table is used for bearing the crawler to be in a flattened shape, and the rail chain pin pressing machine is used for pressing the crawler to be in a wrapped shape.
Further, the pushing machine is arranged on the spreading table and pushes the flattened caterpillar band to the wrapping position.
Further, the lifting structure of the shuttle is replaced by the lifters which are arranged on two sides of the assembly station line and are positioned under the assembly positions of the crawler belts on two sides of the lower frame assembly, the upper plane of the lifters when the lifters are not lifted is level with the upper surface of the spreading table, the number of the lifters and the lifters is multiple, and the power parts of the lifters and the lifters adopt hydraulic cylinders, air cylinders or electro-hydraulic push rods with synchronous valves.
Further, the automatic control device also comprises a valve table connected with oil ways or gas ways of the rail chain pin pressing machine, the pushing machine and the lifter, and a control cabinet electrically connected with the shuttle, the conveyor, the uncoiling machine, the rail chain pin pressing machine, the pushing machine, the lifter and the valve table.
Further, the uncoiler walks on the assembly station line through a steel structure, and a mechanical arm or a suspension type travelling crane is adopted.
Further, the rail chain pin pressing machine is arranged on the steel structure.
Further, the transportation direction of the conveyor is perpendicular to the assembly station line, double-station plates which correspond to the spreading tables on two sides of the assembly station line and are used for limiting the crawler belt are arranged on the conveyor, and the conveyor adopts an electric scooter powered by a low-voltage rail.
The invention also provides an automatic assembly method of the excavator crawler, which utilizes the automatic assembly equipment and comprises the following steps:
1) Conveying the crawler belt to be assembled to an assembly station line by using a conveyor;
2) Flattening the crawler belt to be assembled on a spreading table by using an uncoiler;
3) Transporting the lower frame assembly to be assembled to an assembly station line by utilizing a shuttle;
4) Wrapping the crawler belt to be assembled on the lower frame assembly to be assembled by utilizing an uncoiling machine;
5) Pressing the wrapped crawler belt by using a rail chain pin pressing machine;
6) And conveying the lower frame assembly of the assembled crawler belt out of the assembly station line by utilizing the shuttle car, and repeating the operation.
Preferably, in step 2), the flattened track is pushed by a pusher to directly below the lower frame assembly track assembly bit.
Preferably, in steps 3) and 4), an elevator is used instead of the elevating structure provided to the shuttle to perform the elevation of the track to be assembled.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. The equipment solves the problems that the assembly of the crawler belt is needed by the excavator production enterprises and is completed by manually utilizing equipment or tools with single functions, and in the assembly process, the personnel participate in more, the stations are scattered, the labor intensity is high, the efficiency is low and the safety is poor.
2. The whole assembly process of the equipment only needs 1 person, the assembly beat is about 10 minutes, and the quality standard rate is over 99.5 percent. All procedures of assembly of the crawler belt of the excavator and line transfer of the workpiece can be automatically completed on one piece of special equipment, the labor amount is obviously reduced, and only one operator does not need to operate a forklift or walk remotely, so that the labor intensity is low, the production efficiency is high, and the potential safety hazard is low. And the assembly of key procedures is carried out by adopting automatic equipment, so that the quality and stability of the product are greatly improved; meanwhile, the blank of automatic assembly of the crawler belt of the engineering machinery excavator manufacturing enterprise in China is filled.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out in the specification.
Drawings
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in the following preferred detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a special machine equipment for automatically assembling an excavator track;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of B-B of FIG. 1;
reference numerals: the device comprises a lifting unit 1, a pushing device 2, an uncoiler 3, a conveyor 4, a shuttle 5, a steel structure 6, a valve table 7, a control cabinet 8, a lower frame assembly 9, a track 10, an assembly station line 11 and a spreading table 12.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below in connection with the following detailed description. Wherein the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are shown in schematic, non-physical, and not intended to be limiting of the present patent; for the purpose of better illustrating embodiments of the invention, certain elements of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced and do not represent the size of the actual product; it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
Embodiment one:
as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the excavator crawler automation assembly device in the present embodiment includes: the shuttle 5 with a lifting structure walks on the assembly station line 11 and is used for bearing the lower frame assembly 9; the conveyor 4 is used for transporting the caterpillar band 10 to two sides of the assembly station line 11, the transportation direction is vertical to the assembly station line 11, and the conveyor adopts an electric scooter powered by a low-voltage rail; the uncoiling machine 3 is arranged at two sides of the assembly station line 11 and is used for lifting the crawler belt 10 to be in a flattened or wrapped shape; the spreading platforms 12 are arranged on two sides of the assembly station line 11 and bear the tracks 10 which are flattened; the track chain pin pressing machine (not shown) presses the track chain connection part of the track 10, and the conveyor 4 is provided with double stations which correspond to the spreading tables 12 on two sides of the assembly station line 11 and are used for limiting the track 10.
The embodiment also comprises a valve table 7 connected with oil paths or gas paths of the pin pressing machine, the pushing machine 2 and the lifter 1, and a control cabinet 8 electrically connected with the shuttle 5, the conveyor 4, the uncoiling machine 3, the pin pressing machine, the pushing machine 2, the lifter 1 and the valve table 7. In this way, the control cabinet and valve table can in turn implement a combined automated control of the components to provide automated operation.
The uncoiler 3 in the embodiment walks on the assembly station line 11 through the steel structure 6, and adopts a suspension type travelling crane. Of course, in different embodiments, a robot may also be used.
The rail chain pin press in this embodiment is also provided on the steel structure 6. So as to save operation time and reduce operation load.
The following detailed example illustrates the automatic assembly method of the crawler belt of the excavator, which comprises the following main process flows: track winding, spreading tracks, lower frame assembly winding, wrapping tracks, rail pressing chains, butter filling of a tensioning device and lower frame assembly winding. Specific:
the first step: a worker lifts a group of two caterpillar bands on the conveyor 4 by adopting a light lifting tool, the caterpillar bands are positioned on the conveyor 4 through limit stops on the conveyor 4, the conveyor is in a low-voltage rail power supply mode, and a proximity switch is matched;
And a second step of: after the worker confirms that the crawler is in place, a start button is triggered, and the conveyor 4 conveys the crawler to a corresponding station on the assembly station line;
And a third step of: the uncoiler 3 is two linked suspension type light program-controlled travelling cranes, and automatically grabs and spreads out the crawler in place; after the caterpillar is spread in place, the uncoiler is loosened;
Fourth step: the shuttle 5 supports the lower frame assembly of the excavator and runs from an upper part working position (shown in a second drawing) to a corresponding working position on an assembly working position line, the shuttle 5 descends, the lower frame assembly falls on a paved crawler belt, and the crawler belt is meshed with the lower frame assembly by the self gravity of the lower frame assembly;
fifth step: the uncoiling machine 3 automatically grabs and coils the tail ends of the caterpillar tracks; after the wrapping crawler belt is completed, the uncoiling machine is loosened, and a worker operates the suspension type rail chain pin pressing machine to complete the rail chain pin pressing work;
sixth step: the shuttle 5 is lifted to lift the lower frame assembly to the position above the assembly station line.
Seventh step: the shuttle 5 carries the lower frame assembly of the excavator and runs from a station corresponding to an assembly station line (shown in a third drawing) to a workpiece unloading station (combined double-plate chain);
Eighth step: the shuttle 5 descends, the excavator lower frame assembly falls on the lower workpiece station, the combined double-plate chain is assembled, and the shuttle 5 returns to carry out the next assembly cycle.
By adopting the scheme, the problems that the assembly of the crawler belt is completed by manually utilizing equipment or tools with single functions in the production enterprises of the excavator, and the assembly process is multiple in personnel participation, scattered in stations, high in labor intensity, low in efficiency and poor in safety are solved. The automatic assembly of the crawler belt of the excavator is realized.
Embodiment two:
The first difference between this embodiment and the second embodiment is that: further comprises a pusher 2 arranged on the spreading table 12 and pushing the flattened track to the wrapping position. Therefore, the pushing machine can ensure that the crawler flattened on the spreading platform is adjusted to be linear and is positioned right below the crawler assembly position of the lower frame assembly, thereby being beneficial to crawler assembly. In order to further ensure the straightness of the crawler belt, a hydraulic cylinder, an air cylinder or an electro-hydraulic push rod with a synchronous valve can be adopted for the power parts of a plurality of pushing machines, so that the crawler belt can be calibrated effectively; and a positioning belt is arranged on the spreading table and at one side away from the pushing machine, so that the crawler belt is accurately positioned at the position to be wrapped and the straightness of the pushed crawler belt is ensured.
According to the assembly method, in general, the first embodiment can be referred to, and only when the third step is finished, the pushing machine pushes the flattened caterpillar band to the wrapping position, so that the operation of the shuttle car is performed, and meanwhile, the caterpillar band is paved on the paving table and pushed by the pushing machine, so that the assembly rhythm is improved, and the assembly efficiency is accelerated.
Embodiment III:
The present embodiment is different from the above embodiment in that: the lifting structure of the shuttle 5 is replaced with the lifting mechanism of the lifter 1 which is arranged at both sides of the assembly station line 11 and is positioned under the assembly position of the crawler belt 10 at both sides of the lower frame assembly 19. Thus, the crawler belt can be lifted to the assembly position by lifting of the lifter without lifting or lowering the frame assembly by the lifting function of the shuttle, and the unreeling machine can wrap the crawler belt on the lower frame assembly.
The upper plane of the lifter 1 in the embodiment is flush with the upper surface of the spreading table 12 when not lifting, so that the spreading table of the uncoiler is not influenced to flatten the caterpillar or interfere with the operation of the pusher.
The power components of the elevators in this embodiment also employ hydraulic cylinders, cylinders or electro-hydraulic rams with synchronizing valves. So as to facilitate reliable and stable operation thereof.
The following detailed example illustrates the automatic assembly method of the crawler belt of the excavator, which comprises the following main process flows: track winding, spreading tracks, lower frame assembly winding, wrapping tracks, rail pressing chains, butter filling of a tensioning device and lower frame assembly winding. Specific:
the first step: a worker lifts a group of two caterpillar bands on the conveyor 4 by adopting a light lifting tool, the caterpillar bands are positioned on the conveyor 4 through limit stops on the conveyor 4, the conveyor is in a low-voltage rail power supply mode, and a proximity switch is matched;
And a second step of: after the worker confirms that the crawler is in place, a start button is triggered, and the conveyor 4 conveys the crawler to a corresponding station on the assembly station line;
And a third step of: the uncoiler 3 is two linked suspension type light program-controlled travelling cranes, and automatically grabs and spreads out the crawler in place; after the caterpillar is spread in place, the uncoiler is loosened;
fourth step: the pushing machine 2 is four linked hydraulic horizontal pushing devices (2 on each side) and horizontally pushes the spread crawler to a crawler assembly position (or a lifter 1 is arranged at the lower part of the position);
Fifth step: the shuttle 5 carries the lower frame assembly of the excavator, the lower frame assembly is operated to the corresponding station on the assembly station line from the upper part working position (shown in the second drawing), the shuttle 5 descends, the lower frame assembly falls on the paved crawler (for part of the shuttle which does not comprise a lifting function or the model of the excavator with larger lifting stroke, the crawler can be lifted up by a self-lifting machine 1 to lift up the crawler together with the lower frame assembly workpiece so as to separate from the shuttle), and the crawler and the lower frame assembly are meshed by the gravity of the lower frame assembly;
Sixth step: the uncoiling machine 3 automatically grabs and coils the tail ends of the caterpillar tracks; after the wrapping crawler belt is completed, the uncoiling machine is loosened, and a worker operates the suspension type rail chain pin pressing machine to complete the rail chain pin pressing work;
seventh step: the shuttle 5 is lifted up to lift the lower frame assembly off the elevator group (for the model of the excavator with larger lifting stroke, the lower frame assembly workpiece is lowered together by the elevator group 1, and the lower frame assembly workpiece falls on the shuttle).
Eighth step: the shuttle 5 carries the lower frame assembly of the excavator and runs from a station corresponding to an assembly station line (shown in a third drawing) to a workpiece unloading station (combined double-plate chain);
Ninth step: the shuttle 5 descends, the excavator lower frame assembly falls on the lower workpiece station, the combined double-plate chain is assembled, and the shuttle 5 returns to carry out the next assembly cycle.
The automatic assembly method realizes linkage control on the uncoiler, the pusher, the lifter and the rail chain pin press which are arranged on two sides of the lower frame assembly, so that the crawler belt assembly of the lower frame assembly can be completed by only 1 person. Of course, under different operation modes, the crawler belt assembly on two sides of the lower frame assembly can be implemented by arranging 1 person on each side of the lower frame assembly, and the crawler belt assembly is feasible, saves manpower in the prior art, improves production efficiency and quickens production rhythm.
Finally, it is noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which is intended to be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. An automatic assembly method of excavator tracks is based on an automatic assembly device of the excavator tracks, and comprises a shuttle (5) which walks on an assembly station line (11) and is used for bearing a lower frame assembly (9) and is provided with a lifting structure, a conveyor (4) which transports tracks (10) to two sides of the assembly station line, an uncoiler (3) which is arranged on two sides of the assembly station line and is used for lifting the tracks in a flattened shape or a wrapped shape, a spreading table (12) which is used for bearing the tracks in a flattened shape, and a rail chain pin press which is used for pressing the tracks in the wrapped shape;
the pushing machine (2) is arranged on the spreading table and pushes the flattened crawler belt to a wrapping position;
the lifting structure of the shuttle is replaced by using lifters (1) which are arranged on two sides of the assembly station line and are positioned under the crawler assembly positions on two sides of the lower frame assembly, the upper plane of the lifters is level with the upper surface of the spreading table when the lifters are not lifted, the number of the lifters and the lifters is multiple, and the power parts of the lifters and the lifters adopt hydraulic cylinders, air cylinders or electrohydraulic push rods with synchronous valves;
The automatic control device also comprises a valve table (7) connected with oil paths or gas paths of the rail chain pin pressing machine, the pushing machine and the lifter, and a control cabinet (8) electrically connected with the shuttle, the conveyor, the uncoiling machine, the rail chain pin pressing machine, the pushing machine, the lifter and the valve table;
The method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Conveying the crawler belt to be assembled to an assembly station line by using a conveyor;
2) Flattening the crawler belt to be assembled on a spreading table by using an uncoiler;
3) Transporting the lower frame assembly to be assembled to an assembly station line by utilizing a shuttle;
4) Wrapping the crawler belt to be assembled on the lower frame assembly to be assembled by utilizing an uncoiling machine;
5) Pressing the wrapped crawler belt by using a rail chain pin pressing machine;
6) And conveying the lower frame assembly of the assembled crawler belt out of the assembly station line by utilizing the shuttle car, and repeating the steps.
2. The method for automatically assembling the crawler belt of the excavator according to claim 1, wherein the uncoiler walks on an assembly station line through a steel structure (6) and adopts a mechanical arm or a suspension type travelling crane.
3. The method of automatic assembly of an excavator track of claim 2 wherein the track chain pin press is provided on the steel structure.
4. The automatic assembly method of the crawler belt of the excavator according to claim 1, wherein the transportation direction of the conveyor is perpendicular to the assembly station line, double-station platforms which correspond to the spreading platforms on two sides of the assembly station line and are used for limiting the crawler belt are arranged on the conveyor, and the conveyor adopts an electric scooter powered by a low-voltage rail.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010033597.5A CN111112982B (en) | 2020-01-13 | Automatic assembling equipment and method for excavator crawler belt |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010033597.5A CN111112982B (en) | 2020-01-13 | Automatic assembling equipment and method for excavator crawler belt |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN111112982A CN111112982A (en) | 2020-05-08 |
| CN111112982B true CN111112982B (en) | 2024-05-14 |
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