CN111101910A - Water displacement experimental device and experimental method for bottom water two-dimensional flat plate physical model - Google Patents

Water displacement experimental device and experimental method for bottom water two-dimensional flat plate physical model Download PDF

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CN111101910A
CN111101910A CN201911133728.0A CN201911133728A CN111101910A CN 111101910 A CN111101910 A CN 111101910A CN 201911133728 A CN201911133728 A CN 201911133728A CN 111101910 A CN111101910 A CN 111101910A
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water
oil
physical model
dimensional flat
model
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戴宗
李爱芬
王亚会
王斐
李海龙
李伟
缪云
谢昊君
马敏
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China University of Petroleum East China
China National Offshore Oil Corp Shenzhen Branch
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China University of Petroleum East China
China National Offshore Oil Corp Shenzhen Branch
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • E21B43/20Displacing by water
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/34Arrangements for separating materials produced by the well
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00Survey of boreholes or wells
    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09BEDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B25/00Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • G09B25/04Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes of buildings

Abstract

The invention relates to a bottom water two-dimensional plate physical model water flooding experimental device which comprises a cuboid shell, wherein single-layer or multi-layer cemented quartz sand is filled from top to bottom, the permeability and the height of a bottom water area are calculated according to the actual parameters of an oil deposit at the lower part, and the cemented quartz sand meeting the permeability level is filled. The top of the right side of a glass plate at the front end of the rectangular shell is provided with an oil extraction outlet, the lower end of a glass strip at the left side of the rectangular shell is provided with an injection port, crude oil in a middle container is displaced to the injection port of the bottom horizontal two-dimensional flat physical model at a constant flow rate by using a plunger pump, the oil extraction port records the liquid level scale of oil through an oil-water separator so as to determine the oil extraction amount, and a camera is arranged right ahead to acquire an image of the oil-water distribution condition in. The invention can quantitatively acquire the oil yield and the liquid yield of the model and is suitable for quantitative research on sweep coefficient and residual oil.

Description

Water displacement experimental device and experimental method for bottom water two-dimensional flat plate physical model
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of physical experimental equipment for oil and gas exploitation, and particularly relates to a bottom water two-dimensional flat plate physical model water flooding experimental device and an experimental method, which are used for testing the residual oil distribution of different bottom water oil reservoirs.
Background
Most offshore oil fields are strong bottom water oil reservoirs with sufficient natural energy, but most offshore oil fields are produced without considering critical yield and extract is extracted in the later development stage because the platform area is small and the contained well mouth is limited and the offshore platform has a certain service life.
In order to research the water drive degree and influence factors of the residual oil, the' water drive experimental method of the bottom water two-dimensional plate physical model is designed, the existence rule of the residual oil after liquid extraction can be directly observed through a physical experimental means, the oil field is guided to further adjust the development scheme, and the method has important significance for improving the crude oil recovery rate.
At present, most indoor physical simulation experiments adopt parallel cores or parallel sand-filled pipe models to research the rule of liquid extraction and influence factors. So far, there is no experimental device for detecting the distribution rule and flow condition of each residual oil after the bottom water reservoir is extracted by using different extraction methods.
The experimental device is a two-dimensional visual flat plate model, mainly simulates the problems of bottom water coning and improved sweep efficiency of extract of the current offshore bottom water reservoir, detects the oil consumption situation at different extract moments through video recording and observation, and observes the oil consumption and liquid output situations of crude oil saturation by changing the extract mode, thereby providing a solid foundation for oil engineers to know and improve the development situation of the oil field.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to make up the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a water flooding experimental device and an experimental method of a bottom-water two-dimensional flat-plate physical model; the bottom water two-dimensional flat physical model water flooding experimental device and the experimental method can visually display the propulsion change of oil water in an oil layer and the distribution of nearby residual oil during the development of a bottom water reservoir, further analyze the displacement condition through a fluid acquisition system, and obtain the sweep coefficient through image processing.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following scheme:
bottom water two-dimensional flat plate physical model water displacement experimental apparatus includes: a bottom water two-dimensional flat physical model; the dull and stereotyped physical model of end water two dimension is the cuboid casing, and the cuboid casing comprises organic glass adhesive bonding formation, includes: the device comprises a bottom water two-dimensional flat plate physical model front end glass plate, a bottom water two-dimensional flat plate physical model rear end glass plate, a bottom water two-dimensional flat plate physical model upper end glass strip, a bottom water two-dimensional flat plate physical model left end glass strip and a bottom water two-dimensional flat plate physical model right end glass strip, a rectangular shell front end glass plate right side top drilling hole is provided with a mining outlet, a cuboid shell left side glass strip lower end drilling hole is provided with an injection port, the mining outlet is connected with an oil-water separator, and the oil-water separator is connected with a measuring cylinder; the plunger pump is connected to the intermediate container and the intermediate container through the six-way valve, the intermediate container and the intermediate container are connected to the injection port through the six-way valve, the extraction port is connected with the oil-water separator, and the oil-water separator is connected with the measuring cylinder; and (3) displacing the crude oil in the intermediate container to the injection port of the bottom water two-dimensional flat physical model at a constant flow rate by using a plunger pump, recording the liquid level scale of the oil through an oil-water separator at the extraction port so as to determine the extracted oil amount, wherein the liquid level scale of the measuring cylinder represents the liquid amount. A camera is arranged right in front of the bottom water two-dimensional flat physical model, and images of oil-water distribution conditions are collected in real time and transmitted to a computer for subsequent processing.
The experimental method for the water displacement of the bottom-water two-dimensional flat plate physical model adopts the experimental device for the water displacement of the bottom-water two-dimensional flat plate physical model, and comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the dry weight of the bottom water two-dimensional flat plate physical model, vacuumizing the bottom water two-dimensional flat plate physical model to saturate simulation oil in the intermediate container, weighing the wet weight of the bottom water two-dimensional flat plate physical model after the saturation is finished and after the aging is finished, and calculating to obtain the pore volume of the bottom water two-dimensional flat plate physical model;
(2) adjusting the temperature of the thermostat to an experimental temperature, displacing formation water in the intermediate container at a constant flow rate through a plunger pump after the temperature in the thermostat reaches the experimental temperature, and performing primary air evacuation in pipeline equipment before the formation water is displaced to an injection port of the bottom-water two-dimensional flat physical model; recording the time of the moment when the water is leaked at the outlet end, carrying out one or more times of amplitude control on the extracting solution once or more times when the water content at the outlet end reaches different ranges, and ending the experiment until the water content is 99%;
(3) processing the data collected at each moment according to the oil-water separator and the measuring cylinder to obtain the extraction degree and the water content of each layer of the bottom water two-dimensional flat plate physical model at different moments, calculating the oil production speed and the liquid production speed of each layer at different moments, and drawing a relation curve of the extraction degree and the injected PV number of each layer and a relation curve of the water content and the injected PV number according to the calculated data; analyzing and describing the oil-water distribution condition in the bottom water two-dimensional flat physical model at the water breakthrough time and at different extraction liquid moments according to the corresponding data acquisition time of the image shot by the camera, and analyzing and summarizing the residual oil distribution rule of the homogeneous and offshore bottom water oil deposit by combining the drawn relation curve graph.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the permeability of each layer of the oil layer and the permeability of the bottom water area can be adjusted by adjusting the mesh number of the quartz sand and the proportion of the epoxy resin glue, the reservoir structure of the actual block of each offshore bottom water oil reservoir can be simulated by utilizing a similar criterion on the experimental scale, and the extraction solution measure most suitable for the target offshore bottom water oil reservoir can be simulated by adjusting various measures of an injection mode and an injection time, so that the related technical support is provided for the future production increase and quality increase development of the oil field;
2. the oil yield and the liquid yield of the model can be quantitatively collected, and the method is suitable for quantitative research on the distribution of the residual oil;
3. the method can visually display the propulsion change of oil and water, the distribution of residual oil and the sweep coefficient obtained by image processing during the exploitation of different extraction liquid modes.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a bottom-level two-dimensional plate physical model;
FIG. 2 is a schematic front view of a two-dimensional plate physical model of bottom water;
FIG. 3 is a schematic left view of a two-dimensional plate physical model of bottom water;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a water flooding experiment method of a bottom-water two-dimensional flat physical model;
in the figure: 1. a bottom water two-dimensional flat physical model; 2. a glass plate at the front end of the bottom-water two-dimensional flat physical model; 3. a glass plate at the back end of the bottom-water two-dimensional flat physical model; 4. a glass strip is arranged at the upper end of the bottom-water two-dimensional flat physical model; 5. a glass strip at the left end of the bottom-horizontal two-dimensional flat physical model; 6. a glass strip at the right end of the bottom-water two-dimensional flat physical model; 7. a bottom water region; 8. an epoxy resin adhesive sealing section; 9. a production port; 10. an injection port; 11. an oil-water separator; 12. a measuring cylinder; 13. a plunger pump; 14a, a formation water piston type intermediate container; 14b, a simulated oil piston type intermediate container; 15. a thermostat; 16. a camera; 17a, a first six-way valve; 17b, a second six-way valve; 18. and a pressure gauge.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the experimental apparatus for flooding with water of the two-dimensional flat physical model of bottom water comprises: a bottom water two-dimensional flat physical model 1; the dull and stereotyped physical model 1 of end water two dimension is the cuboid casing, and the cuboid casing comprises organic glass adhesive bonding formation, includes: bottom water two dimension dull and stereotyped physical model front end glass board 2, bottom water two dimension dull and stereotyped physical model rear end glass board 3, bottom water two dimension dull and stereotyped physical model upper end glass strip 4, bottom water two dimension dull and stereotyped physical model left end glass strip 5, bottom water two dimension dull and stereotyped physical model right-hand member glass strip 6, rectangular housing front end glass board right side top drilling establishes the extraction outlet 9, cuboid housing left side glass strip lower extreme drilling establishes filling opening 10, extraction outlet connects oil water separator 11, oil water separator connects graduated flask 12. As shown in fig. 4, the plunger pump 13 is connected to the intermediate tank 14a and the intermediate tank 14b through a six-way valve 17a, the intermediate tank 14a and the intermediate tank 14b are connected to the injection port 10 through a six-way valve 17b, the extraction port 9 is connected to the oil-water separator 11, and the oil-water separator 11 is connected to the measuring cylinder 12; the crude oil in the intermediate container 14b is displaced to the injection port 10 of the two-dimensional flat physical model of the bottom water at a constant flow rate by using the plunger pump 13, the oil level scale of the oil is recorded by the oil-water separator 11 at the extraction port 9 so as to determine the extracted oil amount, and the liquid level scale of the measuring cylinder 12 represents the extracted liquid amount. A camera 16 is arranged right in front of the bottom water two-dimensional flat physical model, and is used for acquiring images of oil-water distribution conditions in real time and transmitting the images to a computer for subsequent processing.
The water flooding experiment device of the bottom water two-dimensional flat plate physical model is arranged in a thermostat 15, and the thermostat ensures that the whole device is in a constant temperature environment and provides a corresponding experiment temperature.
Between the left end glass strip 5 and the right end glass strip 6, namely in the cuboid shell, single-layer (homogeneous) or multi-layer (heterogeneous) cemented quartz sand is filled from top to bottom, and the cemented quartz sand is composed of quartz sand with different meshes and epoxy resin glue with different proportions.
In this embodiment, a two-layer cemented quartz sand bottom water model is taken as an example, cemented quartz sand with a permeability of K1 is filled at the top, cemented quartz sand with a permeability of K2 is filled in the middle, the permeability and height of the bottom water region are calculated according to the formula (1) and the actual parameters of the oil reservoir at the lower part, and cemented quartz sand conforming to the permeability level is filled, and generally, the bottom water height of the model is 0.01 m.
Figure BDA0002279015870000051
In the formula: subscript 1 represents a two-dimensional flat physical model, and no subscript represents the actual reservoir conditions
k1-permeability of the model bottom hypertonic section, mD; k is the permeability of the bottom water zone of the reservoir, mD;
Q1-model injection flow rate, mL/min; q is oil production of oil reservoir, mL/min;
μw1-model injection viscosity, mPa · s; mu.sw-reservoir formation water viscosity, mPa · s;
L1-the length of the model, m; l-reservoir length, m;
b-model width, m; b is1-reservoir width, m;
h is the height of the bottom water of the oil reservoir, m; h is1-the height of the model bottom hypertonic section, m;
Δ p-reservoir production differential pressure, kPa; Δ p1Model production pressure differential, kPa.
And an epoxy resin adhesive sealing section 8 is arranged outside the bottom water area.
The experimental method for the water displacement of the bottom-water two-dimensional flat plate physical model adopts the experimental device for the water displacement of the bottom-water two-dimensional flat plate physical model, and comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the dry weight of the bottom water two-dimensional flat plate physical model 1, vacuumizing the bottom water two-dimensional flat plate physical model 1 to saturate the simulation oil in the intermediate container 14b, weighing the wet weight of the bottom water two-dimensional flat plate physical model 1 after aging after saturation is finished, and calculating to obtain the pore volume of the bottom water two-dimensional flat plate physical model 1;
(2) adjusting the temperature of the constant temperature box 15 to an experimental temperature, after the temperature in the constant temperature box reaches the experimental temperature, displacing formation water in the middle container 14a at a constant flow rate through the plunger pump 13, and performing primary air evacuation before the formation water is displaced to the bottom horizontal two-dimensional flat physical model injection port 10, then allowing the formation water to enter the inside of sand of the bottom horizontal two-dimensional flat physical model 1 through the bottom horizontal two-dimensional flat physical model injection port 10, allowing the displaced oil water to flow into the oil-water separator 11 from the bottom horizontal two-dimensional flat physical model outlet 9, and shooting by the camera 16 in real time and recording oil liquid level scales in the oil-water separator 11 and scales of the measuring cylinder 12 at intervals; recording the time of the moment when the water is leaked at the outlet end 9, carrying out amplitude control extraction once or for a plurality of times when the water content at the outlet end reaches different ranges, and ending the experiment until the water content is 99%;
(3) processing the data collected at each moment according to the oil-water separator 11 and the measuring cylinder 12 to obtain the extraction degree and the water content of each layer of the bottom water two-dimensional flat physical model 1 at different moments, calculating the oil production speed and the liquid production speed of each layer at different moments, and drawing a relation curve of the extraction degree and the injected PV number of each layer and a relation curve of the water content and the injected PV number according to the calculated data; analyzing and describing the oil-water distribution condition in the bottom water two-dimensional flat physical model 1 at the water breakthrough time and at different extraction liquid moments according to the corresponding data acquisition time of the image shot by the camera, and analyzing and summarizing the residual oil distribution rule of the homogeneous and offshore bottom water oil deposit by combining with a drawn relation curve graph.

Claims (6)

1. The utility model provides a dull and stereotyped physical model water displacement of reservoir oil experimental apparatus of bottom water two dimension, includes: a bottom water two-dimensional flat physical model; the dull and stereotyped physical model of end water two dimension is the cuboid casing, and the cuboid casing comprises organic glass adhesive bonding formation, includes: the device comprises a bottom water two-dimensional flat plate physical model front end glass plate, a bottom water two-dimensional flat plate physical model rear end glass plate, a bottom water two-dimensional flat plate physical model upper end glass strip, a bottom water two-dimensional flat plate physical model left end glass strip and a bottom water two-dimensional flat plate physical model right end glass strip, a rectangular shell front end glass plate right side top drilling hole is provided with a mining outlet, a cuboid shell left side glass strip lower end drilling hole is provided with an injection port, the mining outlet is connected with an oil-water separator, and the oil-water separator is connected with a measuring cylinder; the plunger pump is connected to the intermediate container and the intermediate container through the six-way valve, the intermediate container and the intermediate container are connected to the injection port through the six-way valve, the extraction port is connected with the oil-water separator, and the oil-water separator is connected with the measuring cylinder; the crude oil in the middle container is displaced to the injection port of the bottom water two-dimensional flat physical model at a constant flow rate by using a plunger pump, the liquid level scale of the oil is recorded by the oil-water separator at the extraction port so as to determine the extracted oil amount, and the liquid level scale of the measuring cylinder represents the liquid extraction amount; a camera is arranged right in front of the bottom water two-dimensional flat physical model, and images of oil-water distribution conditions are collected in real time and transmitted to a computer for subsequent processing.
2. The water flooding experimental device of the bottom-water two-dimensional plate physical model according to claim 1, characterized in that: the experimental device for the water flooding of the bottom-water two-dimensional flat physical model is arranged in a thermostat.
3. The experimental device for water flooding of the bottom-water two-dimensional plate physical model according to claims 1-2, characterized in that: a single-layer or multi-layer cemented quartz sand is filled between the left-end glass strip and the right-end glass strip, namely in the cuboid shell from top to bottom, and the cemented quartz sand is composed of quartz sand with different meshes and epoxy resin glue with different proportions.
4. The bottom-water two-dimensional plate physical model flooding experimental device of claims 1-3, characterized in that: two layers of cemented quartz sand are filled in the cuboid shell from top to bottom, the top of the cuboid shell is filled with the cemented quartz sand with the permeability of K1, the middle of the cuboid shell is filled with the cemented quartz sand with the permeability of K2, the lower part of the cuboid shell is calculated according to the formula (1) and the actual parameters of the oil deposit to obtain the permeability and the height of a bottom water area, and the cemented quartz sand meeting the permeability boundary is filled, generally speaking, the height of the bottom water of the model is 0.01 m;
Figure FDA0002279015860000021
in the formula: subscript 1 represents a two-dimensional flat physical model, and no subscript represents the actual reservoir conditions
k1-permeability of the model bottom hypertonic section, mD;k is the permeability of the bottom water zone of the reservoir, mD;
Q1-model injection flow rate, mL/min; q is oil production of oil reservoir, mL/min;
μw1-model injection viscosity, mPa · s; mu.sw-reservoir formation water viscosity, mPa · s;
L1-the length of the model, m; l-reservoir length, m;
b-model width, m; b is1-reservoir width, m;
h is the height of the bottom water of the oil reservoir, m; h is1-the height of the model bottom hypertonic section, m;
Δ p-reservoir production differential pressure, kPa; Δ p1Model production pressure differential, kPa.
5. The bottom-water two-dimensional plate physical model flooding experimental device of claims 1-4, characterized in that: and an epoxy resin adhesive sealing section is arranged outside the bottom water area.
6. A water flooding experimental method of a bottom-water two-dimensional flat physical model, which adopts the water flooding experimental device of the bottom-water two-dimensional flat physical model of claims 1-5, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) weighing the dry weight of the bottom water two-dimensional flat plate physical model, vacuumizing the bottom water two-dimensional flat plate physical model to saturate simulation oil in the intermediate container, weighing the wet weight of the bottom water two-dimensional flat plate physical model after the saturation is finished and after the aging is finished, and calculating to obtain the pore volume of the bottom water two-dimensional flat plate physical model;
(2) adjusting the temperature of the thermostat to an experimental temperature, displacing formation water in the intermediate container at a constant flow rate through a plunger pump after the temperature in the thermostat reaches the experimental temperature, and performing primary air evacuation in pipeline equipment before the formation water is displaced to an injection port of the bottom-water two-dimensional flat physical model; recording the time of the moment when the water is leaked at the outlet end, carrying out one or more times of amplitude control on the extracting solution once or more times when the water content at the outlet end reaches different ranges, and ending the experiment until the water content is 99%;
(3) processing the data collected at each moment according to the oil-water separator and the measuring cylinder to obtain the extraction degree and the water content of each layer of the bottom water two-dimensional flat plate physical model at different moments, calculating the oil production speed and the liquid production speed of each layer at different moments, and drawing a relation curve of the extraction degree and the injected PV number of each layer and a relation curve of the water content and the injected PV number according to the calculated data; analyzing and describing the oil-water distribution condition in the bottom water two-dimensional flat physical model at the water breakthrough time and at different extraction liquid moments according to the corresponding data acquisition time of the image shot by the camera, and analyzing and summarizing the residual oil distribution rule of the homogeneous and offshore bottom water oil deposit by combining the drawn relation curve graph.
CN201911133728.0A 2019-11-19 2019-11-19 Water displacement experimental device and experimental method for bottom water two-dimensional flat plate physical model Pending CN111101910A (en)

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