CN111093789A - 用于具有环形支撑栅格的空气分离单元的环形分壁塔 - Google Patents

用于具有环形支撑栅格的空气分离单元的环形分壁塔 Download PDF

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CN111093789A
CN111093789A CN201880054064.6A CN201880054064A CN111093789A CN 111093789 A CN111093789 A CN 111093789A CN 201880054064 A CN201880054064 A CN 201880054064A CN 111093789 A CN111093789 A CN 111093789A
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annular
column
wall
structured packing
region
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CN111093789B (zh
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K·J·萨博达
P·W·贝朗格
R·D·伦茨
K·F·拉森
S·C·布朗
J·P·里科塔
G·X·陈
J·D·福斯特
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Praxair Technology Inc
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Praxair Technology Inc
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
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    • F25J3/04896—Details of columns, e.g. internals, inlet/outlet devices
    • F25J3/04933—Partitioning walls or sheets
    • F25J3/04939—Vertical, e.g. dividing wall columns
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    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01D3/008—Liquid distribution
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
    • B01D3/14—Fractional distillation or use of a fractionation or rectification column
    • B01D3/141—Fractional distillation or use of a fractionation or rectification column where at least one distillation column contains at least one dividing wall
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01D3/32—Other features of fractionating columns ; Constructional details of fractionating columns not provided for in groups B01D3/16 - B01D3/30
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种用于低温精馏空气或空气成分的环形分壁塔。环形分壁塔包括第一环形塔壁和第二环形塔壁，第二环形塔壁设置在第一环形塔壁内以限定环空塔区域和内芯塔区域。本发明的环形分壁塔还包括设置在至少环空塔区域内的结构化填料元件以及环形悬臂式收集器；以及环形分配器，该环形分配器设置在环空塔区域中且位于多个结构化填料元件上方或下方。第二环形塔壁在径向方向和轴向方向上的热膨胀和收缩与第一环形塔壁在径向方向和轴向方向上的热膨胀和收缩无关。

Description

用于具有环形支撑栅格的空气分离单元的环形分壁塔
技术领域
本发明涉及用于低温精馏空气或空气成分的环形分壁塔。更具体地，本发明涉及一种包括环空塔区域和内芯塔区域的环形分壁塔，该环空塔区域被定义为第一环形塔壁与第二环形塔壁之间的空间，并且该内芯塔区域被定义为第二环形塔壁的内部空间，所述塔具有设置在内芯塔区域和环空塔区域内的多个填料元件或塔板。
背景技术
根据空气的相对挥发度将空气分离成各组分的精馏工厂的主要资本支出是塔外壳的成本和塔所需的空间。在需要两个或更多个塔进行分离的情况下尤其如此。这种多塔系统通常用于低温精馏，诸如用于低温精馏空气，在这种情况下，塔可竖直堆叠或并排放置。非常需要一种能够在降低塔成本和减少塔空间需要的情况下进行精馏的系统。
已经在文献中提出了将分壁塔作为一种更好地利用给定的塔直径，从而降低与建造工厂有关的资本成本以有利于分离过程的方法。分壁塔实质上在单个塔壳内的同一高度包含多个蒸馏节段。在美国专利号5,946,942和6,023,945(Wong等人)中公开的使用分壁塔的早期示例公开了分壁原理在空气分离中的应用。这些现有技术系统公开了一种其中低压塔包含内部环形壁的设备。低压塔的内部环形壁与外壳之间包含的区域构成了用于生产氩气产品的节段。
现有技术分壁塔系统的缺点包括与关键设计挑战有关的各种结构和性能折衷，包括：(i)蒸气在分壁塔的不同节段内分布不均；(ii)由于壁表面积较大，导致向下流动的液体分布不均，特别是在使用结构化填料作为质量传递元件的情况下；(iii)由于内壳与外壳之间的瞬时热膨胀/收缩差异，导致分壁塔和塔内部构件的性能降低；以及(iv)环形分壁塔的内芯塔节段与环空塔区域之间的压力边界不足。
因此，本发明的目的是提供一种用于精馏空气的环形分壁塔系统，该系统解决了上述设计挑战并且克服了现有技术环形分壁塔的困难和缺点，从而提供了更好和更有利的性能。
发明内容
本发明可被表征为一种用于低温精馏空气或空气成分的环形分壁塔，所述塔包括：(i)第一环形塔壁；(ii)第二环形塔壁，第二环形塔壁与第一环形塔壁径向间隔开并且设置在第一环形塔壁的第一内部空间内，以限定第一环形塔壁与第二环形塔壁之间的环空塔区域，并且将内芯塔区域限定为第二环形塔壁的第二内部空间的一部分或全部；(iii)环形支撑栅格，所述环形支撑栅格具有内环形边缘构件和外环形边缘构件，所述环形支撑栅格设置在所述环空塔区域中，其中所述外环形边缘构件附接到所述第一环形塔壁并且所述内部环形边缘构件不附接到所述第二环形塔壁，并且其中所述第二环形塔壁在径向方向和轴向方向上的热膨胀和收缩与所述环形支撑栅格和所述第一环形塔壁在径向方向和轴向方向上的热膨胀和收缩无关；和(iv)多个结构化填料元件，所述多个结构化填料元件设置在所述环空塔区域内的所述环形支撑栅格上。
附图说明
虽然本说明书的结论是清楚地指出申请人视为他们的发明内容的主题的权利要求，但相信在结合附图时将更好地理解本发明，其中：
图1是根据本发明的一个实施方案的双塔分壁布置的侧剖视图；
图2是根据本发明的另一个实施方案的双塔分壁布置的侧剖视图；
图3是根据本发明的一个或多个实施方案的环形分壁塔的侧剖视图；
图4是根据本发明的另外实施方案的环形分壁塔的侧剖视图；
图5是适用于本发明环形分壁塔的一个或多个实施方案的环形塔板的等轴视图；
图6是适用于本发明环形分壁塔的一个或多个实施方案的马蹄形塔板的等轴视图；
图7是适用于本发明环形分壁塔的一个或多个实施方案的平行流塔板的等轴视图；
图8是适用于本发明环形分壁塔的一个或多个实施方案的双通错流塔板的等轴视图；
图9是适用于本发明环形分壁塔的一个或多个实施方案的另一个双通错流塔板的等轴视图；
图10是适用于本发明环形分壁塔的一个或多个实施方案的双通平行流塔板的等轴视图；
图11是适用于本发明环形分壁塔的一个或多个实施方案的多降液管塔板的等轴视图；
图12是适用于本发明环形分壁塔的一个或多个实施方案的一种类型的弓形楔型物或弯曲填料的等轴视图；
图13是本发明环形分壁塔的一个节段的局部等轴视图，其示出了圆锥形过渡壁和穿孔板；
图14是本发明环形分壁塔的一个节段的局部横剖视图，其示出了安装后的圆锥形过渡壁和穿孔板；
图15描绘了本发明环形分壁塔的局部横剖视图，其示出了圆锥形过渡壁和穿孔板；
图16是本发明环形分壁塔的局部等轴视图，其示出了塔壁之间的具有枢转臂和轧制角环的结构支撑布置；
图17是本发明环形分壁塔的顶视图，其示出了塔壁之间的具有枢转臂和轧制角环的结构支撑布置；
图18是本发明环形分壁塔的一个实施方案中连接塔壁的枢转臂和轧制角环的特写视图；
图19是适用于本发明环形分壁塔的实施方案的环形支撑栅格的局部等轴视图；
图20是适用于本发明环形分壁塔的实施方案的环形支撑栅格的顶视图；
图21是适用于本发明环形分壁塔的实施方案的环形悬臂式收集器的局部等轴视图；
图22是适用于本发明环形分壁塔的实施方案的环形悬臂式收集器的顶视图；
图23是环形悬臂式收集器的局部横剖视图；
图24是适用于本发明环形分壁塔的实施方案的环形分配器的局部等轴视图；并且
图25是适用于本发明环形分壁塔的实施方案的环形分配器的顶视图。
具体实施方式
以下段落包括对用于低温精馏空气的本发明环形分壁塔的各种实施方案的详细描述，包括对以下各项的描述：(i)环形分壁塔构型；(ii)用于环形分壁塔内的不同区域的过程和/或服务布置；(iii)环形分壁塔内的质量传递元件的布置；(iv)环形分壁塔结构布置；(v)环形分壁塔的环空塔区域内的收集器、分配器和支撑结构的布置；以及(vi)环形分壁塔内的流动分布布置。
环形分壁塔构型
如图所示，第一环形塔壁和第二环形塔壁优选地相对于彼此同心设置，如图1至图4所示。具体地，在图1中，环空塔区域优选地包含结构化填料以及相关的收集器、分配器、支撑结构、盖和管道，而内芯塔区域也包含结构化填料以及相关的收集器、分配器、支撑结构、盖和管道。环空塔区域中的结构化填料的表面积密度和/或几何结构可与内芯塔区域中的结构化填料的表面积密度和/或几何结构相同或不同。在图2中，环空塔区域优选地包含多个结构化填料以及相关的收集器、分配器、支撑结构、盖和管道，而内芯塔区域优选地包括多个塔板。类似地，在图3中，示出了环形分壁塔的实施方案，其中环空塔区域优选地包含结构化填料以及相关的收集器、分配器、支撑结构、盖和管道，而内芯塔区域优选地包括热交换装置、相分离器装置和/或用于使液体和/或蒸气在塔内运动的一个或多个导管。最后，在图4中，环空塔区域优选地包含一个或多个结构化填料床以及相关的收集器、分配器、支撑结构和管道，而内芯塔区域优选地包含塔板和一个或多个结构化填料床两者以及相关的收集器、分配器、支撑结构、盖和管道。
在用于低温精馏空气的双塔分壁布置的所示实施方案中，分壁塔优选地形成有两个同心的环形塔壁。第一环形塔壁优选地由空气分离塔结构的外壳形成，而第二环形塔壁仅在整个外部塔壳的一部分或一个节段上延伸，并且优选地设置在空气分离塔结构的外壳内。在这种双塔分壁布置中，第一环形塔壁的竖直高度优选地大于第二环形塔壁的竖直高度。
在所示的双塔分壁布置中，可采用盖或顶盖来部分地封闭环空塔区域或内芯塔区域。为了部分地封闭环空塔区域，将盖或顶盖放置在环空塔区域上方，该盖或顶盖从第二环形塔壁的顶部延伸到第一环形塔壁的中间位置。
在一些实施方案中，将高通量涂层或多孔涂层施加到第一环形塔壁或第三环形塔壁的内表面可能是有利的。类似地，也可将高通量涂层或多孔涂层施加到第二环形塔壁的表面，优选暴露于较冷流体的表面。如本文所用，术语“高通量涂层”和“多孔涂层”是指借助其内置的孔隙度通过提供所谓的成核位点来增强沸腾的那些涂层。多孔涂层提供了微尺度的腔体，这些腔体具有增加成核位点的数量和每个位点的气泡脱离频率的作用。因此，可以提高沸腾速率。在美国专利申请公开号2017/0108148和2017/0108296中描述了此类高通量涂层或多孔涂层的示例，以上专利申请的公开内容以引用方式并入。
在其他实施方案中，第一环形塔壁的内表面、第一环形塔壁的内表面或第二环形塔壁的一个或多个表面还可包括表面纹理化。如本文所用，术语“表面纹理化”应理解为表示在壁表面上进行粗糙化、开沟槽、开凹槽中的任一种或以其他方式形成或压印几何图案。优选地，如果仅处理第二环形塔壁的一个表面，则应将表面纹理施加到较冷表面，以增强可能滞留在壁上的液体的沸腾。
环形分壁塔中的过程/服务布置
在一些实施方案中，环空塔区域被设计或构造用于精馏含氩-氧的流，以将含氩-氧的流分离成富氩塔顶流和富氧流。在其他实施方案中，环空塔区域被设计或构造用于精馏含氮-氧的流，以将含氮-氧的流分离成富氮塔顶流和富氧流。
类似地，内芯塔区域被设计或构造用于精馏含氩-氧的流，以将含氩-氧的流分离成富氩塔顶流和富氧流。在其他实施方案中，内芯塔区域被设计或构造用于精馏含氮-氧的流，以将含氮-氧的流分离成富氮塔顶流和富氧流。
在其他实施方案中，环空塔区域可被设计或构造用于精馏含氮-氧的流，以将含氮-氧的流分离成第一富氮塔顶流以及第一纯度的第一富氧流，并且内芯塔区域可被设计或构造用于精馏另一种含氮-氧的流，以将其分离成第二富氮塔顶流以及第二纯度的第二富氧流。另选地，环空塔区域可被设计或构造用于精馏含氮-氧的流，以将含氮-氧的流分离成第一纯度的第一富氮塔顶流以及第一富氧流，而内芯塔区域可被设计或构造用于精馏另一种含氮-氧的流，以将其分离成第二纯度的第二富氮塔顶流以及第二富氧流。
用于环形分壁塔的其他预期的过程或服务布置包括在内芯塔区域内设置热交换装置或相分离器装置。设置在内芯塔区域中的热交换装置优选地为：(i)氩冷凝器，其被构造成冷凝富氩流以用作回流流或液氩产物流；(ii)主冷凝器-再沸器，其被构造成冷凝富氮流以用作回流流或液氮产物流；或者(iii)过冷却器，其被构造成过冷却富氮液体流、富氧液体流或液体空气流以用于低温空气分离工厂。在其中相分离器装置设置在内芯塔区域中的实施方案中，相分离器优选地被构造成将两相含氧流分离成含氧液体流和含氧蒸气流。
环形分壁塔中的质量传递元件
现在转到图5至图11，设置在内芯塔区域内的多个质量传递接触元件可以是塔板、填料或其组合。在环形分壁塔的内芯区域中采用塔板的情况下，合适类型的塔板包括：图5大体所示类型的环形塔板310；图6所示类型的马蹄形塔板320；图7所示类型的平行流塔板330；图8和图9所示类型的双通错流塔板340；图10所示类型的双通平行流塔板350；或者图11所示类型的多降液管塔板360。
优选的实施方案在环形分壁塔的环空塔区域和/或内芯塔区域中包括结构化填料，因为此类布置有利地提供了更低的压降、更高的效率、更高的容量；并且与塔板和散堆填料相比，减少了液体滞留。然而，结构化填料容易发生液体分布不均。结构化填料通常由穿孔的压纹金属或塑料的波纹片或由金属丝网形成。所得到的结构是非常开放的蜂窝状结构，其波纹的倾斜流动通道给出了相对高的表面积，但是对气流的阻力却非常低。在使用结构化填料的应用中，结构化填料优选地由选自以下各项的材料构成：铝金属片、不锈钢金属片、不锈钢网和塑料。结构化填料的表面可以是光滑的，或者可包括表面纹理化，诸如在结构化填料片的表面上进行开沟槽、开凹槽或图案化压印。在美国专利号5,632,934和9,295,925中示出和描述了优选类型的结构化填料的示例；以上专利的公开内容以引用方式并入本文。
结构化填料的尺寸或构型由填料的表面积密度和结构化填料的主质量传递节段中波纹流动通道的倾角广泛限定。结构化填料的优选密度介于约100m2/m3至1200m2/m3之间，并且更优选地选自表面积密度为以下各项的可商购获得的结构化填料：110m2/m3；220m2/m3；250m2/m3；350m2/m3；430m2/m3；500m2/m3；730m2/m3；950m2/m3；和1200m2/m3。结构化填料的几何结构(以结构化填料的主质量传递节段中波纹流动通道的倾角为特征)优选地包括介于约35°至70°之间的与水平轴线的标称倾角，其包括优选的X尺寸填料(即标称倾角约60°)、Y尺寸填料(即标称倾角约45°)和Z尺寸填料(即标称倾角约40°)。
用于环形分壁塔的环空塔区域的优选结构化填料构型是多个弯曲或弓形的楔形砖375或弯曲砖，如图12所示。另选地，环空塔区域的结构化填料可被构造为甜甜圈形盘或常规的矩形砖。尽管弯曲或弓形的楔形结构化填料砖也可以用于内芯塔区域，但是用于内芯塔区域的优选结构化填料构型是圆盘(例如煎饼形填料)或常规的矩形砖。盘和/或砖的优选高度介于约10英寸和12英寸之间，但也可使用5英寸至6英寸的半高砖。
在一些实施方案中，多个第一类型的结构化填料元件设置在环空塔区域内，并且多个第二类型的结构化填料元件设置在内芯塔区域内，其中第一类型的结构化填料元件和第二类型的结构化填料元件具有不同的表面积密度。例如，设置在环空塔区域内的结构化填料元件(氩-氧分离)可具有第一表面积密度，而设置在内芯塔区域内的结构化填料元件(氧-氮分离)可具有不同的表面积密度。
在其他实施方案中，内芯塔区域或环空塔区域中的结构化填料元件可包括两个或更多个结构化填料床。另外，在任一区域中采用多个结构化填料床的情况下，相邻的床可具有不同的表面积密度和/或不同的几何结构。例如，具有第一表面积密度的第一结构化填料元件床可设置在环空塔区域内，而具有第二表面积密度的第二结构化填料元件床可设置在环空塔区域内且位于第一结构化填料元件床上方或下方。在该实例中，设置在环空塔区域内的第一结构化填料元件床可具有第一表面积密度，而设置在环空塔区域内的第二结构化填料元件床可具有不同的表面积密度。类似地，设置在环空塔区域内的第一结构化填料元件床可具有第一与水平轴线的标称倾角，而设置在环空塔区域内的第二结构化填料元件床可具有不同的与水平轴线的标称倾角。
某些优选的实施方案采用结构化填料元件和塔板的组合。例如，多个结构化填料元件可设置在内芯塔区域内，并且多个塔板也设置在内芯塔区域内且位于结构化填料元件上方和/或下方。在此类实施方案中，设置在内芯塔区域内的结构化填料元件的表面积密度可介于约100m2/m3至1200m2/m3之间且与水平轴线的标称倾角可介于约35°至70°之间，而多个塔板可选自：环形塔板；马蹄形塔板；平行流塔板；双通错流塔板；双通平行流塔板；多降液管塔板；或其组合。
环形分壁塔结构布置
如上所述，第一环形塔壁512和第二环形塔壁516优选地相对于彼此同心设置。更具体地，如图13、图14和图15所示，第二环形塔壁516通过圆锥形过渡壁590从蒸馏塔510的第一环形塔壁512悬挂或以其他方式可移动地附接到第一环形塔壁，该圆锥形过渡壁用作环空塔区域514的盖或顶盖。如图所示，圆锥形过渡壁590附接到第二环形塔壁516，并且从靠近第二环形塔壁516的顶端的位置延伸到第一环形塔壁512的中间位置。在该取向中，圆锥形过渡壁590优选地设置在环空塔区域上方并覆盖或盖住环空塔区域。在一些实施方案中，单独的盖或顶盖板也可与圆锥形过渡壁结合使用。如图15所示，在塔底增加临时板599允许在安装之前对制造车间中的塔节段进行独立的压力测试，以确保在环空塔区域和内芯区域中的两个蒸馏过程之间没有泄漏。图15还描绘了在将塔节段从制造地点运输到安装地点的过程中使用的塔节段的运送支撑件585。虽然在图13至图15中被示出为固定地附接到第二环形塔壁，但圆锥形过渡壁590可在一些实施方案中可移动地连接到第二环形塔壁，同时也以固定或可移动的方式连接到第一环形塔壁。
在所示的实施方案中，环形穿孔板595也周向设置在第二环形塔壁周围且位于圆锥形过渡壁590正下方。通过使用穿孔板595和圆锥形过渡壁590，迫使环空塔区域514中的上升蒸气经由外围设置的出口597离开环空塔区域，这最小化了通常在常规分壁塔中使用的内部管道和歧管，因此减小了整体的蒸馏塔高度。
靠近环空塔区域514的下端，第二环形塔壁516使用多个枢转臂598连接到蒸馏塔510的第一环形塔壁512并由第一环形塔壁在结构上支撑，这些枢转臂在较低位置设置在第二环形塔壁516的外围周围，如图16至图18所示。第二环形塔壁516的下部的外表面包括轧制角环592，该轧制角环用作第二环形塔壁516的加强支撑件，从而允许内塔区域518与相邻的环空塔区域514之间存在压差。每个枢转臂598的一端螺栓连接或以其他方式附接到轧制角环592，而每个枢转臂598的另一端螺栓连接或以其他方式附接到从第一环形塔壁512的内表面594延伸的一个或多个焊接凸片593。
如上所述布置和连接第一环形塔壁512和第二环形塔壁516提供了两个明显的优点。首先，通过圆锥形过渡壁590从第一环形塔壁512悬挂第二环形塔壁516以及使用枢转臂598允许第一环形塔壁512的径向和轴向热膨胀和收缩相对于第二环形塔壁516的径向和轴向热膨胀和收缩是自由的。换句话讲，第二环形塔壁516在径向方向和轴向方向上的热膨胀和收缩与第一环形塔壁512在径向方向和轴向方向上的热膨胀和收缩无关。而且，上述连接布置消除了对通常在常规环形分壁塔中使用的大而笨重的内壳支撑结构的需要，从而减小了整体的塔高度。
环形分壁塔内的收集器、分配器和支撑结构
现在转到图19和图20，示出了环形支撑栅格600的两个视图。所示的环形支撑栅格600具有内部环形边缘构件602和外部环形边缘构件604，并且被构造成在环空塔区域中支撑多个结构化填料元件。外部环形边缘构件优选地附接到第一环形塔壁，而内部环形边缘构件在蒸馏塔系统的操作期间保持不附接到第二环形塔壁，使得第二环形塔壁在径向方向和轴向方向上的热膨胀和收缩与环形支撑栅格600和第一环形塔壁在径向方向和轴向方向上的热膨胀和收缩无关。
在所示的实施方案中，环形支撑栅格600还包括多个刚性杆610，这些刚性杆径向设置在环形支撑栅格600周围并且连接外部环形边缘构件和内部环形支撑构件。环形支撑栅格600还包括多个初级弓形支撑肋612和多个次级弓形支撑肋614。每个初级弓形支撑肋612的端部优选地附接到外部环形边缘构件604的不同位置，而每个次级弓形支撑肋614的端部优选地附接到其他初级弓形支撑肋612。初级弓形支撑肋612也可附接到径向杆610。
现在转到图21、图22和图23，示出了环形悬臂式收集器700的不同视图，该悬臂式收集器被构造成放置在环空塔区域514中且位于多个结构化填料元件上方或下方。如在图23中最清楚地看到，环形悬臂式收集器700优选地刚性地附接到第一环形塔壁512或第二环形塔壁516中的一者，并且围绕环空塔区域514的整个圆周朝向另一个环形塔壁径向延伸。如图所示，环形收集器700包括第一收集器壁702、第二收集器壁704以及在它们间延伸的收集器平台706。第一收集器壁702被构造成附接到第一环形塔壁512，其中第一收集器壁702具有底部支撑环708和锥形顶部边缘710，该锥形顶部边缘有利于将第一环形塔壁512的内表面594上的下降液体转移到收集器。第二收集器壁704被构造成靠近第二环形塔壁516布置，但是保持不附接到第二环形塔壁516，从而限定了环形悬臂式收集器700。收集器平台706附接到第一收集器壁702的支撑环708以及第二收集器壁704。环形悬臂式收集器700还包括一个或多个贮槽715，这些贮槽设置在收集器平台706中并且在收集器平台周围周向间隔开。降液管724连接到一个或多个贮槽，并且被构造成接收来自一个或多个贮槽的液体，并将这种液体引导到设置在环形悬臂式收集器下方的液体分配器。
环形悬臂式收集器700还包括多个弓形蒸气上升器720，这些弓形蒸气上升器从收集器平台706向上延伸，并且被构造成允许环空塔区域中的上升蒸气通过环形悬臂式收集器700上升。多个弓形蒸气上升器720以大体环形的方式设置在收集器平台706周围，并且在收集器平台上限定液体收集通道。在每个蒸气上升器720的顶部是覆盖件或帽722，该覆盖件或帽收集原本将落入蒸气上升器的内部空间的下降液体。收集在覆盖件或帽722中的液体被朝向一个或多个贮槽或液体收集通道引导。
由于环形悬臂式收集器700仅刚性地附接到一个环形塔壁，因此第一环形塔壁和第二环形塔壁在径向方向/或轴向方向上的不同热膨胀/收缩不会对液体收集器的性能或发生在环空塔区域中的蒸馏产生不利影响。
图24和图25示出了环形分配器800的视图，该环形分配器被构造成放置在环空塔区域中且位于结构化填料元件床上方。环形分配器800包括多个预分配盒802，这些预分配盒被构造成将环形分配器联接到参照图21至图23所述类型的环形收集器700的降液管724。尽管可使用盘式分配器，但是所示的环形分配器800是槽式液体分配器，该槽式液体分配器包括：环形分配器通道804，该环形分配器通道被构造用于以大体圆形的方式分配经由预分配盒802从收集器接收到的液体；以及多个槽801，这些槽设置在环形分配器通道804的每一侧上并且被构造用于经由槽的底表面上的孔将液体从环形分配器通道分配到环形分配器800正下方的结构化填料床。环形分配器通道还包括多个孔805，用于将一部分液体分配到环形分配器通道804正下方的结构化填料元件的表面。
环形分配器800还包括环形支撑基座810，该环形支撑基座被构造成支撑环形分配器通道804和多个槽801。一对环形支撑环815也设置在多个槽801的顶部并附接到其上，以支撑预分配盒802并将多个槽和环形分配器通道保持在大体环形构型。还示出了在该对环形支撑环之间延伸的多个加强结构818或臂，同样以将多个槽和环形分配器通道保持在大体环形构型。多个槽801被进一步布置成允许来自环形分配器800正下方的结构化填料床的上升蒸气在相邻的槽之间向上流动并流过环形分配器。
与其他槽式液体分配器一样，这些分配器从一个或多个支撑梁820悬挂。在所示的实施方案中，多个支撑梁820附接到环形支撑环和/或多个槽。多个支撑梁820的一端或两端螺栓连接或以其他方式经由一个或多个滑动夹附接到从第一环形塔壁的内表面(即，环空塔区域的外壳)延伸的一个或多个焊接凸片。同样，由于环形分配器仅刚性地附接到第一环形塔壁而不附接到第二环形塔壁，因此环形塔壁在径向方向和/或轴向方向上的不同热膨胀和收缩不会对液体分配的性能或发生在环空塔区域中的总体蒸馏产生不利影响。另外，环形分配器以及环形收集器也可由专门设计的支撑板支撑，该支撑板附接到塔壁或直接搁置在结构化填料上。
环空分壁塔内的均匀流动分布
当设计本发明的环形分壁塔布置时，一个关键的设计挑战是确保该布置在环空塔区域与内芯塔区域之间实现期望的上升蒸气分离。换句话讲，必须将恰当量的上升蒸气同时引导到环空塔区域和内芯塔区域。如果环空塔区域与内芯塔区域之间的期望上升蒸气分离比与环空塔区域的横截面积与内芯塔区域的横截面积之比不同，则应考虑对蒸气分离进行调整。一种这样的优选调整是改变收集器的设计。例如，通过改变或调整环空塔区域底部的最低收集器中蒸气流的开口面积和内芯塔区域底部的最低收集器中蒸气流的开口面积，使得其与期望的蒸气分离成比例。
另一个关键的设计挑战是确保送入环空塔区域的蒸气和液体均匀地分布在环空区域周围。解决该设计挑战的优选结构和方法是提供进料管道(入口)的对称布置，并在较小程度上提供抽出管道(出口)。在当前公开的实施方案中，每个进料管道(入口)布置包括两个或更多个进料装置，并且使用了马蹄形分布器进料管，这些马蹄形分布器进料管以圆形形状环绕环空区域。
另外，与内芯塔区域中的液体分配器的倾点密度相比，环空塔区域中的环形液体分配器可能需要或期望更高的倾点密度，以抵消由于更大壁面积而对环空塔区域中的壁流产生更高的敏感性。
虽然已经以各种方式对本发明进行了表征并相对于优选的结构实施方案对其进行了描述，但是在不脱离所附权利要求书中阐述的本发明的实质和范围的情况下，可以对所公开的结构进行多种添加、改变和修改。例如，虽然已经将本发明的环形分壁塔示出并描述为适用于空气分离单元中的低温精馏空气或空气成分，但是完全可以预期这种环形分壁塔布置也可适用于分离或纯化其他工业气体。

Claims (14)

1.一种用于低温精馏空气或空气成分的环形分壁塔，所述塔包括：
第一环形塔壁；
第二环形塔壁，所述第二环形塔壁与所述第一环形塔壁径向间隔开并且设置在所述第一环形塔壁的第一内部空间内，以限定所述第一环形塔壁与所述第二环形塔壁之间的环空塔区域，并且将内芯塔区域限定为所述第二环形塔壁的第二内部空间的一部分或全部；
环形支撑栅格，所述环形支撑栅格具有内环形边缘构件和外环形边缘构件，所述环形支撑栅格设置在所述环空塔区域中，其中所述外环形边缘构件附接到所述第一环形塔壁并且所述内部环形边缘构件未附接到所述第二环形塔壁，并且其中所述第二环形塔壁在径向方向和轴向方向上的热膨胀和收缩与所述环形支撑栅格和所述第一环形塔壁在径向方向和轴向方向上的热膨胀和收缩无关；和
多个结构化填料元件，所述多个结构化填料元件设置在所述环空塔区域内的所述环形支撑栅格上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的环形分壁塔，其中所述环形支撑栅格还包括多个刚性杆，所述多个刚性杆径向设置在所述环形支撑栅格周围并且连接所述外部环形边缘构件和所述内部环形支撑构件。
3.根据权利要求2所述的环形分壁塔，其中所述环形支撑栅格还包括多个初级弓形支撑肋，每个弓形支撑肋均具有附接到所述外环形边缘构件的不同位置的端部。
4.根据权利要求3所述的环形分壁塔，其中所述环形支撑栅格还包括多个次级弓形支撑肋，每个次级弓形支撑肋均具有附接到其他弓形支撑肋的端部。
5.根据权利要求3所述的环形分壁塔，其中所述初级弓形支撑肋附接到所述刚性杆。
6.根据权利要求1所述的环形分壁塔，还包括圆锥形过渡壁，所述圆锥形过渡壁靠近所述第二环形塔壁的顶端连接到所述第二环形塔壁，并且进一步连接到所述第一环形塔壁并且被构造成靠近所述第二环形塔壁的所述顶端将所述环空塔区域与所述内芯塔区域隔离。
7.根据权利要求1所述的环形分壁塔，还包括设置在所述内芯塔区域内的多个结构化填料元件或托盘。
8.根据权利要求7所述的环形分壁塔，其中设置在所述环空塔区域内的所述多个结构化填料元件为第一类型的结构化填料元件，并且设置在所述内芯塔区域内的所述多个结构化填料元件为第二类型的结构化填料元件；并且
其中所述第一类型的结构化填料元件和所述第二类型的结构化填料元件具有不同的几何结构。
9.根据权利要求8所述的环形分壁塔，其中所述多个结构化填料元件具有的几何结构包括介于约35°至70°之间的与水平轴线的波纹标称倾角。
10.根据权利要求7所述的环形分壁塔，其中设置在所述环空塔区域内的所述多个结构化填料元件为第一类型的结构化填料元件，并且设置在所述内芯塔区域内的所述多个结构化填料元件为第二类型的结构化填料元件；并且
其中所述第一类型的结构化填料元件和所述第二类型的结构化填料元件具有不同的密度。
11.根据权利要求10所述的环形分壁塔，其中所述多个第一类型的结构化填料元件和所述多个第二类型的结构化填料元件具有介于约100m2/m3至1200m2/m3之间的密度。
12.根据权利要求1所述的环形分壁塔，其中所述第一环形塔壁的竖直高度大于所述第二环形塔壁的竖直高度。
13.根据权利要求1所述的环形分壁塔，其中设置在所述环空塔区域中的所述多个结构化填料元件由选自以下各项的材料构成：铝金属片、不锈钢金属片、不锈钢网、碳化硅和塑料。
14.根据权利要求1所述的环形分壁塔，其中设置在所述环空塔区域中的所述多个结构化填料元件被构造成矩形砖。
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