CN111085780A - Laser welding method for metal container - Google Patents
Laser welding method for metal container Download PDFInfo
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- CN111085780A CN111085780A CN201911387382.7A CN201911387382A CN111085780A CN 111085780 A CN111085780 A CN 111085780A CN 201911387382 A CN201911387382 A CN 201911387382A CN 111085780 A CN111085780 A CN 111085780A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
- B23K26/0869—Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
- B23K26/142—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor for the removal of by-products
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
- B23K26/703—Cooling arrangements
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- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a laser welding method for a metal container, which comprises the following steps: step 1, providing a first base material and a second base material; step 2, accurately butting the first base material and the second base material by adopting a special clamp; step 3, providing a laser deep melting welding system; step 4, providing a remote laser heat conduction welding system; step 5, starting a laser generator, controlling a first-to-second optical gate, and outputting a first laser beam through a first laser welding head; step 6: opening a protective gas blowing device; step 7, controlling a first-driving-two optical gate, and outputting a second laser beam through a second laser welding head; step 8, the second welding manipulator clamps the second laser welding head to move along the welding track; 9, when the first laser beam moves to a welding end point, completing laser deep melting welding; step 10, when the second laser beam moves to a welding end point, laser heat conduction welding is completed; and step 11, closing the laser generator to finish the welding process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of welding, in particular to a laser welding method and a laser welding system for a metal container.
Background
The laser welding is one of the most widely applied advanced processes in the laser processing technology, has the advantages of easy operation of a welding heat source, simple control, small deformation of a weldment, narrow heat affected zone, low residual stress, high accuracy and automation degree and the like, and is applied to the fields of national economy important industries such as automobiles, shipbuilding, nuclear power, pipelines and the like.
Generally, laser welding is divided into two modes of laser heat conduction welding and laser deep melting welding or laser pinhole welding according to different heat conduction mechanisms, and the laser energy coupling absorption mechanism, the weld joint forming effect and the final welding effect of the two welding modes are completely different. The laser heat conduction welding process is similar to the heat conduction mode of Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG). The laser deep melting welding mode is a common application mode of laser welding, and has the outstanding advantages of large depth-to-width ratio of a welding seam, high welding precision, high welding efficiency and the like. Laser deep melting welding is similar to electron beam welding, high energy density laser causes local evaporation of materials, the surface of a molten pool sags under the action of evaporation pressure to form a small hole, a laser beam penetrates into the inside of the molten pool through the small hole, meanwhile, evaporated metal steam in the small hole is continuously ionized under the action of the high energy density laser, and a cluster of light-induced plasma is formed in the inside and the upper part of the small hole. Comparing the two welding modes of heat conduction welding and deep fusion welding, the essential difference between the two modes is whether the pinholes and the plasma are formed. It can be said that the keyhole effect is an essential feature of laser deep fusion welding. Because the small holes in the laser deep melting welding exist in dynamic oscillation, the collapse of the small holes directly causes air holes, and therefore, the welding seams formed by solidification of the laser deep melting welding molten pool often have air hole defects. However, the laser heat conduction welding process has no pinholes, the flow of a molten pool is stable, and the defects of air holes do not exist generally.
In the metal container in the pharmaceutical industry, the requirement of stored raw materials on pores of a welding seam is extremely strict, the defects of pores and the like on the surface layer of the welding seam on the inner wall of the metal container cannot be basically allowed, the existing welding process is manual TIG, polishing is needed after welding, and the processing efficiency is low. By adopting the laser welding process, the air hole defect is difficult to control and can not meet the requirement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a laser welding method and a laser welding system for a metal container, aiming at the defects that pores are easy to form in the laser welding process of the metal container and the like.
The invention provides a laser welding method for a metal container, which comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: a first base material and a second base material are provided.
Step 2: and accurately butting the first base material and the second base material by adopting a special clamp.
And step 3: the laser deep melting welding system comprises a laser generator, a first transmission optical fiber, a first-to-two closing gate, a second transmission optical fiber, a first welding manipulator, a first laser welding head and a protective gas blowing device, wherein the laser generator is connected with the first-to-two closing gate through the first transmission optical fiber, and then the first-to-two closing gate is connected with the first laser welding head through the second transmission optical fiber.
And 4, step 4: the remote laser heat conduction welding system comprises a laser generator, a first transmission optical fiber, a first-to-two switch gate, a third transmission optical fiber, a second welding manipulator and a second laser welding head, wherein the laser generator is connected with the first-to-two switch gate through the first transmission optical fiber, and then the first-to-two switch gate is connected with the second laser welding head through the third transmission optical fiber.
And 5: and starting the laser generator, controlling the one-driving-two optical gates, outputting a first laser beam through the first transmission optical fiber, the second transmission optical fiber and the first laser welding head, and vertically irradiating the outer surface of the butt joint.
Step 6: and opening the protective gas blowing device, blowing the protective gas to the welding area, clamping the first laser welding head by the first welding manipulator to move along the welding track, and performing laser deep melting welding.
And 7: and controlling the one-driving-two optical gate, connecting the first transmission optical fiber, the third transmission optical fiber and the second laser welding head to output a second laser beam, and remotely irradiating the bottom of the solidified full penetration weld joint by the laser deep fusion welding by the second laser beam.
And 8: and the second welding manipulator clamps the second laser welding head to move along the welding track, remote laser heat conduction welding is implemented to obtain a laser heat conduction welding seam, and the welding pool is cooled to form a joint together.
And step 9: and when the first laser beam moves to the welding end point, controlling a first-driving-two optical gate, closing the first laser beam, closing the gas protection device, and completing the laser deep melting welding.
Step 10: and when the second laser beam moves to the welding end point, controlling a two-driving optical shutter to close the second laser beam to finish laser heat conduction welding.
Step 11: and (5) closing the laser generator, and returning the first welding manipulator and the second welding manipulator to the original positions to finish the welding process.
Further, in step 1, the thickness of the first base material and the second base material is set to 3 to 6 mm.
Further, in the step 3, the power of the laser generator is 6-10 kW.
Further, in step 3, the first laser welding head is a fixed mirror group welding head.
Furthermore, the focusing focal length of the first laser welding head is 150-300 mm.
Furthermore, the size of a focused focal spot of the first laser welding head ranges from phi 0.2 mm to phi 0.6 mm.
Further, in step 4, the second laser welding head is a galvanometer welding head.
Furthermore, the focusing focal length of the second laser welding head is 500-1000 mm.
Furthermore, the size of a focused focal spot of the second laser welding head is phi 0.8-phi 1.5 mm.
Further, in step 6, the laser deep fusion welding is in the form of full penetration welding, and a full penetration weld is obtained.
Further, in step 7, an included angle θ between the second laser beam and the lower surfaces of the first base material and the second base material is 60 ° -90 °.
Further, in step 7, the distance d between the center of the second laser beam welding area and the center of the first laser beam welding area is 2 to 5 mm.
Further, in step 8, the laser heat conduction welding penetration delta is 1-2.5 mm.
The invention also provides a laser welding system facing the metal container, which comprises two subsystems of a laser deep-melting welding system and a remote laser heat conduction welding system, wherein a first laser beam formed by focusing of a first laser welding head in the laser deep-melting welding system vertically irradiates the outer surface of the butt joint to realize laser deep-melting welding and obtain a full penetration weld, a second laser beam formed by focusing of a second laser welding head remotely irradiates the bottom of the full penetration weld solidified by the laser deep-melting welding to realize remote laser heat conduction welding, a welding pool is cooled to jointly form a connecting joint to finish the welding process, and a first connecting flange fixedly connected to the tail end of the first manipulator and a second connecting flange fixedly connected to the tail end of the second manipulator in the laser deep-melting welding system and the remote laser heat conduction welding system.
Furthermore, the laser deep melting welding system also comprises a protective gas blowing device which is arranged corresponding to the first laser welding head.
Furthermore, the first laser welding head is a fixed mirror group welding head.
Further, the second laser welding head is a galvanometer welding head.
Further, the laser deep fusion welding mode is full penetration welding, and a full penetration welding seam is obtained.
Furthermore, the included angle theta between the second laser beam and the lower surfaces of the first base material and the second base material is 60-90 degrees.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) according to the invention, the outer surface of the butt joint is subjected to laser deep fusion welding by adopting a first laser beam to obtain a full penetration weld, so that the high-efficiency and high-precision welding connection of the butt joint is realized, then, the bottom of the full penetration weld is subjected to remote laser heat conduction welding by adopting a second laser beam to obtain a laser heat conduction weld, and the laser heat conduction welding remelts the bottom of the full penetration weld formed by the laser deep fusion welding, so that air holes at the bottom of the full penetration weld overflow a laser heat conduction welding pool, therefore, the bottom of the joint formed by cooling the welding pool together has no air hole defect, and the surface layer of the weld of the inner wall of the metal container has no air hole defect.
2) The laser welding method and the laser welding system for the metal container provided by the invention avoid the problems of large deformation, low efficiency and the like of the traditional manual arc welding piece, and have the outstanding characteristics of small deformation, high efficiency and the like.
Description of the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic view of a laser welding method for a metal container according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a laser welded zone in the method of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a butt joint.
Wherein: 1-a first parent metal, 2-a second parent metal, 3-a laser emitter, 4-a first transmission fiber, 5-a two-drag optical gate, 6-a second transmission fiber, 7-a first welding manipulator, 8-a first connecting flange, 9-a first laser welding head, 10-a first laser beam, 11-a fixed support, 12-a shielding gas device, 13-a metal container, 14-a third transmission fiber, 15-a second laser welding head, 16-a second connecting flange, 17-a second laser beam, 18-a second welding manipulator, 19-a pinhole, 20-deep fusion welding, 21-a full-penetration weld, 22-a full-penetration weld bottom, 23-a laser heat conduction weld, 24-a laser heat conduction weld bottom, 25-a laser heat conduction weld bottom.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings 1-3 and the specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1-3, in an example of the present invention, a laser welding method facing a metal container includes the steps of:
Alternatively, the thicknesses of the first base material 1 and the second base material 2 are 3 to 6 mm.
And 2, accurately butting the first base material 1 and the second base material 2 by adopting a special clamp.
And 3, providing a laser deep melting welding system, wherein the laser deep melting welding system comprises a laser generator 3, a first transmission optical fiber 4, a first-to-two closing gate 5, a second transmission optical fiber 6, a first welding manipulator 7, a first laser welding head 9 and a protective gas blowing device 12, the laser generator 3 is connected with the first-to-two closing gate 5 through the first transmission optical fiber 4, and then the first-to-two closing gate 5 is connected with the first laser welding head 9 through the second transmission optical fiber 6.
Optionally, the power of the laser generator 3 is 6-10 kW.
Optionally, the first laser welding head 9 is a fixed mirror assembly welding head, the focal length of the first laser welding head 9 is 150-300 mm, and the focal spot size of the first laser welding head 9 is phi 0.2-phi 0.6 mm.
And 4, providing a remote laser heat conduction welding system, wherein the remote laser heat conduction welding system comprises a laser generator 3, a first transmission optical fiber 4, a first-to-two closing gate 5, a third transmission optical fiber 14, a second welding manipulator 18 and a second laser welding head 15, the laser generator 3 is connected with the first-to-two closing gate 5 through the first transmission optical fiber 4, and then the first-to-two closing gate 5 is connected with the second laser welding head 15 through the third transmission optical fiber 14.
Optionally, the second laser welding head 15 is a galvanometer welding head, the focal length of the second laser welding head 15 is 500-1000 mm, and the focal spot size of the second laser welding head 15 is phi 0.8-phi 1.5 mm.
And 5, starting the laser generator 3, controlling the one-driving-two optical gate 5, outputting a first laser beam 10 through the first transmission optical fiber 4, the second transmission optical fiber 6 and the first laser welding head 9, and vertically irradiating the outer surface of the butt joint by the first laser beam 10.
And 6, opening the protective gas blowing device 12, blowing the protective gas to the welding area, clamping the first laser welding head 9 by the first welding manipulator 7, moving along the welding track, and performing laser deep melting welding.
Alternatively, the laser penetration welding is in the form of full penetration welding, resulting in a full penetration weld 21.
And 7, controlling a first-driving-two optical gate 5, connecting the first transmission optical fiber 4, the third transmission optical fiber 14 and the second laser welding head 15 to output a second laser beam 17, and remotely irradiating the solidified full penetration weld bottom 22 of the laser deep fusion welding by the second laser beam 17.
Optionally, the included angle θ between the second laser beam 17 and the lower surfaces of the first base material 1 and the second base material 2 is 60 ° to 90 °.
Optionally, the distance d between the center of the welding area of the second laser beam 17 and the center of the welding area of the first laser beam 10 is 2-5 mm.
And 8, clamping the second laser welding head 15 by the second welding manipulator 18 to move along the welding track, implementing remote laser heat conduction welding to obtain a laser heat conduction welding seam 23, and cooling the deep melting welding molten pool 20 and the laser heat conduction welding molten pool 25 to jointly form a joint.
Optionally, the laser heat conduction welding penetration delta is 1-2.5 mm.
And 9, when the first laser beam 10 moves to the welding end point, controlling a two-driving optical gate 5, closing the first laser beam 10, and closing the gas protection device 12 to finish the laser deep melting welding.
And step 10, controlling a dragging two shutter 5 to close the second laser beam 17 when the second laser beam 17 moves to the welding end point, and finishing the laser heat conduction welding.
And step 11, closing the laser generator 5, and returning the first welding manipulator 7 and the second welding manipulator 18 to the original positions to finish the welding process.
Claims (7)
1. A laser welding method for metal containers, characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, providing a first base material (1) and a second base material (2);
step 2, accurately butting the first base material (1) and the second base material (2) by adopting a special clamp;
step 3, providing a laser deep melting welding system, wherein the laser deep melting welding system comprises a laser generator (3), a first transmission optical fiber (4), a first-to-two closing gate (5), a second transmission optical fiber (6), a first welding manipulator (7), a first laser welding head (9) and a protective gas blowing device (12), the laser generator (3) is connected with the first-to-two closing gate (5) through the first transmission optical fiber (4), and then the first-to-two closing gate (5) is connected with the first laser welding head (9) through the second transmission optical fiber (6);
step 4, providing a remote laser heat conduction welding system, wherein the remote laser heat conduction welding system comprises a laser generator (3), a first transmission optical fiber (4), a first-to-two closing gate (5), a third transmission optical fiber (14), a second welding manipulator (18) and a second laser welding head (15), the laser generator (3) is connected with the first-to-two closing gate (5) through the first transmission optical fiber (4), and then the first-to-two closing gate (5) is connected with the second laser welding head (15) through the third transmission optical fiber (14);
step 5, starting a laser generator (3), controlling a first-to-second optical gate (5), outputting a first laser beam (10) through a first transmission optical fiber (4), a second transmission optical fiber (6) and a first laser welding head (9), and vertically irradiating the outer surface of the butt joint by the first laser beam (10);
step 6, opening a protective gas blowing device (12), blowing the protective gas to a welding area, clamping a first laser welding head (9) by a first welding manipulator (7) to move along a welding track, and performing laser deep melting welding;
step 7, controlling a one-driving-two optical gate (5), connecting and outputting a second laser beam (17) through a first transmission optical fiber (4), a third transmission optical fiber (14) and a second laser welding head (15), and remotely irradiating the solidified full penetration weld seam bottom (22) of the laser deep fusion welding by the second laser beam (17);
step 8, the second welding manipulator (18) clamps the second laser welding head (15) to move along the welding track, remote laser heat conduction welding is carried out, a laser heat conduction welding seam (23) is obtained, and the deep fusion welding molten pool (20) and the laser heat conduction welding molten pool (25) form a joint together after being cooled;
step 9, when the first laser beam (10) moves to the welding end point, controlling a first-driving-two optical shutter (5), closing the first laser beam (10), and closing a gas protection device (12) to finish laser deep melting welding;
step 10, when the second laser beam (17) moves to the welding end point, controlling a two-driving optical shutter (5) to close the second laser beam (17) to finish laser heat conduction welding;
and step 11, closing the laser generator (3), and returning the first welding manipulator (7) and the second welding manipulator (18) to the original positions to finish the welding process.
2. The laser welding method facing metal containers according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step 6, the laser deep fusion welding is in the form of full penetration welding, resulting in a full penetration weld (21).
3. The laser welding method facing metal containers according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step 7, the included angle theta between the second laser beam (17) and the lower surfaces of the first base material (1) and the second base material (2) is 60-90 degrees.
4. The laser welding method facing metal containers according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step 7, the distance d between the center of the welding area of the second laser beam (17) and the center of the welding area of the first laser beam (10) is 2-5 mm.
5. The laser welding method facing metal containers according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step 8, the laser heat conduction welding penetration delta is 1-2.5 mm, and the laser welding method facing the metal container is characterized in that: the laser welding system comprises two subsystems of a laser deep melting welding system and a remote laser heat conduction welding system, a first laser beam (10) formed by focusing of a first laser welding head (9) in the laser deep melting welding system vertically irradiates the outer surface of a butt joint, laser deep melting welding is achieved, a full penetration welding seam (21) is obtained, a second laser beam formed by focusing of a second laser welding head remotely irradiates the bottom (22) of the full penetration welding seam solidified by laser deep melting welding, remote laser heat conduction welding is achieved, a deep melting welding molten pool (20) and a laser heat conduction welding molten pool (25) jointly form a connecting joint after being cooled, the welding process is completed, and the first laser welding head (9) in the laser deep melting welding system and the remote laser heat conduction welding system is fixedly connected to a first connecting flange (8) and a second laser welding head (15) at the tail end of a first welding manipulator (7) and fixedly connected to a second connecting flange (16) at the tail end of the second welding manipulator (18).
6. The laser welding method facing a metal container according to claim 6, characterized in that: the first laser welding head (9) is a fixed mirror assembly welding head.
7. The laser welding method facing a metal container according to claim 6, characterized in that: the second laser welding head (15) is a galvanometer welding head.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911387382.7A CN111085780A (en) | 2019-12-30 | 2019-12-30 | Laser welding method for metal container |
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| CN201911387382.7A CN111085780A (en) | 2019-12-30 | 2019-12-30 | Laser welding method for metal container |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112743234A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-05-04 | 长沙理工大学 | Method and system for welding magnesium alloy thick plate by high-power laser |
| CN114951996A (en) * | 2022-05-27 | 2022-08-30 | 长沙理工大学 | Laser deep melting welding method and system with laser energy being modulated in time-space cooperation mode |
| CN115922061A (en) * | 2022-12-07 | 2023-04-07 | 长沙大科激光科技有限公司 | Copper-aluminum dissimilar metal lap welding method based on ultrasonic real-time measurement |
| WO2024032054A1 (en) * | 2022-08-08 | 2024-02-15 | 深圳信息职业技术学院 | Multi-axis linkage laser superfinishing method and device |
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| CN115922061A (en) * | 2022-12-07 | 2023-04-07 | 长沙大科激光科技有限公司 | Copper-aluminum dissimilar metal lap welding method based on ultrasonic real-time measurement |
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Application publication date: 20200501 |