CN111077112B - Echo wall mode spherical optical microcavity refractive index sensor based on surface plasma and measuring device - Google Patents
Echo wall mode spherical optical microcavity refractive index sensor based on surface plasma and measuring device Download PDFInfo
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- CN111077112B CN111077112B CN202010032741.3A CN202010032741A CN111077112B CN 111077112 B CN111077112 B CN 111077112B CN 202010032741 A CN202010032741 A CN 202010032741A CN 111077112 B CN111077112 B CN 111077112B
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
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- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/41—Refractivity; Phase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length
- G01N21/4133—Refractometers, e.g. differential
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
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Abstract
The invention provides a whispering gallery mode spherical optical microcavity refractive index sensor and a measuring device based on surface plasma, which fully utilize the high-quality factor characteristic of a whispering gallery mode optical microcavity, and improve the surface energy and refractive index sensing sensitivity of the optical microcavity by plating a gold layer on the surface of the optical microcavity to excite the surface plasma, thereby realizing the measurement of the refractive index of an external medium. The optical microcavity refractive index sensor comprises a micro-nano optical fiber and a whispering gallery mode spherical optical microcavity, wherein the micro-nano optical fiber is in contact coupling with the whispering gallery mode spherical optical microcavity; the surface of the whispering gallery mode spherical optical microcavity is plated with a crescent gold layer so as to excite surface plasma and enhance the sensitivity of the spherical optical microcavity to the change of the refractive index of an external medium. The invention has the advantages of small volume, simple preparation method, easy integration and the like, and can be applied to the fields of chemical or biological sensing and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical fiber devices, in particular to a whispering gallery mode spherical optical microcavity refractive index sensor based on surface plasmas and a measuring device.
Background
The whispering gallery mode optical microcavity is an optical element which restrains an optical field in a micron-sized space region based on the total internal reflection effect, and has the advantages of high energy density, high quality factor and small space size. The evanescent field of the optical microcavity can sense the change of the refractive index of an external medium, and then the change of the refractive index is converted into the change of a transmission spectral line, so that the sensing measurement of the external refractive index is realized. However, due to the large refractive index difference between the optical microcavity and the surrounding medium, the mode field of the optical microcavity is mostly concentrated in the cavity, resulting in a weak response of the resonant mode to the refractive index change of the external medium. In order to enhance the sensitivity of detecting the refractive index of the optical microcavity, on one hand, a layer of material sensitive to the substance to be detected can be covered on the outer surface of the optical microcavity, and on the other hand, the proportion of the evanescent field penetrating to the outside can be increased by adopting the hollow micro-cavity, so that the interaction with the outside medium is enhanced. However, the sensor coated with the sensitive material is only sensitive to the refractive index change of a specific measured object, and has no universality, and the micro-cavity preparation method is complicated, is very easy to break and has poor practicability.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a whispering gallery mode spherical optical microcavity refractive index sensor and a measuring device based on surface plasma, which fully utilize the high-quality factor characteristic of the whispering gallery mode optical microcavity, and improve the surface energy and refractive index sensing sensitivity of the optical microcavity by plating a gold layer on the surface of the optical microcavity to excite the surface plasma, thereby realizing the measurement of the refractive index of an external medium.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
1. a whispering gallery mode spherical optical microcavity refractive index sensor based on surface plasma is characterized by comprising a micro-nano optical fiber and a whispering gallery mode spherical optical microcavity, wherein the micro-nano optical fiber is in contact coupling with the whispering gallery mode spherical optical microcavity; the surface of the whispering gallery mode spherical optical microcavity is plated with a crescent gold layer so as to excite surface plasma and enhance the sensitivity of the spherical optical microcavity to the change of the refractive index of an external medium.
2. The micro-nano optical fiber is in contact coupling with the spherical optical microcavity through a nano-scale precision displacement platform.
3. And obtaining the low-loss biconical micro-nano optical fiber with the outline meeting the heat insulation condition by using a softening and stretching method and using a single-mode optical fiber through a tapering machine.
4. And (3) preparing the whispering gallery mode spherical optical microcavity by using a heating melting method and passing the single-mode optical fiber through an optical fiber fusion splicer.
5. And plating a crescent gold layer on the surface of the whispering gallery mode spherical optical microcavity by using a vacuum thermal evaporation technology.
6. The crescent gold layer covers 1/2 of the outer surface of the spherical optical microcavity, and the thickness of the gold layer is the largest at the center, uniformly decreases towards the periphery and is 0 at the edge.
7. The thickness of the gold layer at the central position is about 10-200 nm.
8. A measuring device of a whispering gallery mode spherical optical microcavity refractive index sensor based on surface plasmas is characterized by comprising a wide-spectrum light source, a spectrum analyzer, an input/output single-mode fiber and a whispering gallery mode spherical optical microcavity refractive index sensor based on the surface plasmas, wherein two ends of a micro-nano fiber of the whispering gallery mode spherical optical microcavity refractive index sensor based on the surface plasmas are respectively connected with the wide-spectrum light source through the input single-mode fiber and connected with the spectrum analyzer through the output single-mode fiber; light output by the wide-spectrum light source is coupled into the spherical optical microcavity through the micro-nano optical fiber, surface plasma is excited in the gold-plated layer area, then the light is coupled back to the micro-nano optical fiber again and is input into the spectrum analyzer through the output single-mode optical fiber, a transmission spectrum containing resonance information is obtained, and the measurement of the refractive index of an external medium can be realized by measuring the change of the resonance wavelength of a resonance peak.
9. And two ends of the micro-nano optical fiber are connected with the input single-mode optical fiber and the output single-mode optical fiber in a melting way.
10. And the input single-mode fiber and the output single-mode fiber are respectively connected with the wide-spectrum light source and the spectrum analyzer through fiber adapters.
The invention has the technical effects that:
the invention provides a whispering gallery mode spherical optical microcavity refractive index sensor and a measuring device based on surface plasma, which fully utilize the high-quality factor characteristic of a whispering gallery mode optical microcavity, and improve the surface energy and refractive index sensing sensitivity of the optical microcavity by plating a gold layer on the surface of the optical microcavity to excite the surface plasma, thereby realizing the measurement of the refractive index of an external medium.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) according to the invention, the gold layer is plated on the surface of the whispering gallery mode optical microcavity to excite surface plasma, so that the energy of the outer surface of the optical microcavity is improved, the sensitivity to the change of the refractive index of an external medium is enhanced, and the sensitivity of the refractive index is improved.
(2) The sensor has sensitivity to the refractive index change of a common gas or liquid medium, and is wide in application range.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a whispering gallery mode spherical optical microcavity refractive index sensor based on surface plasmon according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a measuring device of a whispering gallery mode spherical optical microcavity refractive index sensor based on surface plasmon according to the present invention;
the reference numbers are listed below: 1-wide spectrum light source, 2-input single mode fiber, 3-micro nano fiber, 4-whispering gallery mode spherical optical microcavity, 5-crescent gold layer, 6-output single mode fiber and 7-spectrum analyzer.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a whispering gallery mode spherical optical microcavity refractive index sensor based on surface plasmon according to the present invention. A whispering gallery mode spherical optical microcavity refractive index sensor based on surface plasma comprises a micro-nano optical fiber 3 and a whispering gallery mode spherical optical microcavity 4, wherein the micro-nano optical fiber 3 is in contact coupling with the whispering gallery mode spherical optical microcavity 4; the surface of the whispering gallery mode spherical optical microcavity 4 is plated with a crescent gold layer 5 to excite surface plasma so as to enhance the sensitivity of the spherical optical microcavity to the change of the refractive index of an external medium.
The micro-nano optical fiber 3 is a low-loss micro-nano optical fiber with a small cone angle and is prepared by thermally stretching a single-mode optical fiber 2 through a tapering machine. The middle part of the single mode fiber 2 is heated to be softened, and then the two ends of the single mode fiber 2 are stretched to enable the softened part to be gradually slender to form the micro-nano fiber 3. And obtaining the low-loss biconical micro-nano optical fiber with the outline meeting the heat insulation condition by using a softening and stretching method and using a single-mode optical fiber through a tapering machine. The micro-nano optical fiber 3 is in contact coupling with the spherical optical microcavity 4 through a nano-scale precision displacement platform, and the high-precision three-dimensional displacement platform is used for controlling the relative positions of the micro-nano optical fiber 3 and the spherical optical microcavity 4 so as to enable the micro-nano optical fiber 3 and the spherical optical microcavity 4 to be in contact coupling.
The whispering gallery mode spherical optical microcavity 4 has good whispering gallery mode characteristics, high quality factors and small mode volume, and is prepared by a heating melting method through passing single-mode optical fibers through an optical fiber fusion splicer.
The crescent gold layer 5 is plated on the surface of the whispering gallery mode spherical optical microcavity 4 through a vacuum thermal evaporation technology, the crescent gold layer covers the outer surface of the spherical optical microcavity of 1/2, the thickness of the gold layer is the largest at the center, the thickness of the gold layer is uniformly reduced towards the periphery, and the thickness of the gold layer is 0 at the edge. The spherical optical microcavity 4 is fixed during plating, and the maximum plating thickness at the center position is controlled to be 10-200 nm.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a measuring device of a whispering gallery mode spherical optical microcavity refractive index sensor based on surface plasmon according to the present invention. A measuring device of a whispering gallery mode spherical optical microcavity refractive index sensor based on surface plasmas comprises a wide spectrum light source 1, a spectrum analyzer 7, an input single-mode fiber 2, an output single-mode fiber 6 and a whispering gallery mode spherical optical microcavity refractive index sensor based on the surface plasmas, wherein two ends of a micro-nano fiber of the whispering gallery mode spherical optical microcavity refractive index sensor based on the surface plasmas are respectively connected with the wide spectrum light source through the input single-mode fiber and connected with the spectrum analyzer through the output single-mode fiber; light output by the wide-spectrum light source is coupled into the spherical optical microcavity through the micro-nano optical fiber, surface plasma is excited in the gold-plated layer area, then the light is coupled back to the micro-nano optical fiber again and is input into the spectrum analyzer through the output single-mode optical fiber, a transmission spectrum containing resonance information is obtained, and the measurement of the refractive index of an external medium can be realized by measuring the change of the resonance wavelength of a resonance peak.
And two ends of the micro-nano optical fiber are connected with the input single-mode optical fiber and the output single-mode optical fiber in a melting way. The input single-mode fiber and the output single-mode fiber are respectively connected to a wide-spectrum light source and a spectrum analyzer by using fiber adapters.
Light is output from a broad spectrum light source 1, enters a micro-nano optical fiber 3 through an input single mode fiber 2, is coupled into a spherical optical microcavity 4 at the contact position of the micro-nano optical fiber 3 and the spherical optical microcavity 4, bypasses the spherical optical microcavity 4 and excites surface plasmas at a gold-plated layer 5, and then is coupled back to the micro-nano optical fiber 3 and is transmitted to a spectrum analyzer 7 through an output single mode fiber 6. The change of the refractive index of the surrounding medium can be sensed by energy outside the spherical optical microcavity 4, when the refractive index of the medium changes, the resonant wavelength of the resonant mode of the spherical optical microcavity 4 moves, and the refractive index of the external medium can be obtained by measuring the variable quantity of the resonant wavelength of the mode in the spectrum analyzer 7. When the optical field in the spherical optical microcavity 4 meets the phase matching condition, a depressed resonance peak can be obtained in the spectrum analyzer 7, the resonance wavelength of the resonance peak can drift along with the refractive index of the medium outside the spherical optical microcavity 4, and accordingly, the refractive index of the external medium can be measured by analyzing the change of the resonance wavelength in the spectrum analyzer 7.
The working method of the whispering gallery mode spherical optical microcavity refractive index sensor based on the surface plasma mainly comprises the following steps:
the invention provides a whispering gallery mode spherical optical microcavity refractive index sensor based on surface plasma, which realizes the sensing measurement of the refractive index of an external medium according to the following method:
(1) preparing a spherical optical microcavity by using a heating melting method to pass the single-mode optical fiber through an optical fiber fusion splicer;
(2) plating a crescent gold layer on the surface of the spherical optical microcavity by using a thermal evaporation technology;
(3) the two ends of the micro-nano optical fiber are welded with input and output single-mode optical fibers and are respectively connected with a wide-spectrum light source and a spectrum analyzer;
(4) changing the refractive index of the medium around the gold-plated spherical optical microcavity, recording the movement of the resonant wavelength, and calculating the sensitivity of the refractive index;
the refractive index of the external medium is obtained by measuring the drift amount of the resonant wavelength in the transmission spectrum by utilizing the characteristic that the resonant wavelength of the echo wall mode spherical optical microcavity is influenced by the refractive index of the external medium and utilizing the energy of the external surface of the surface plasma enhanced optical microcavity.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention may be practiced without these specific details. Although illustrative embodiments of the present invention have been described above to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and various changes may be made apparent to those skilled in the art as long as they are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and defined by the appended claims, and all matters of the invention which utilize the inventive concepts are protected.
Claims (9)
1. A whispering gallery mode spherical optical microcavity refractive index sensor based on surface plasma is characterized by comprising a micro-nano optical fiber and a whispering gallery mode spherical optical microcavity, wherein the micro-nano optical fiber is in contact coupling with the whispering gallery mode spherical optical microcavity; a crescent gold layer is plated on the surface of the whispering gallery mode spherical optical microcavity to excite surface plasma so as to enhance the sensitivity of the spherical optical microcavity to the change of the refractive index of an external medium;
the crescent gold layer covers 1/2 of the outer surface of the spherical optical microcavity, and the thickness of the gold layer is the largest at the center, uniformly decreases towards the periphery and is 0 at the edge.
2. The surface plasmon-based whispering gallery mode spherical optical microcavity refractive index sensor as recited in claim 1, wherein the micro-nano fiber is contact-coupled to the spherical optical microcavity by a nanoscale precision displacement stage.
3. The surface plasmon-based whispering gallery mode spherical optical microcavity refractive index sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein a low-loss biconical micro-nano fiber having a profile that satisfies adiabatic conditions is obtained by drawing a single-mode fiber through a tapering machine by a softening and stretching method.
4. The surface plasmon-based whispering gallery mode spherical optical microcavity refractive index sensor as recited in claim 1, wherein the whispering gallery mode spherical optical microcavity is fabricated by passing a single-mode fiber through a fiber fusion splicer using a heat fusion process.
5. The surface plasmon-based whispering gallery mode spherical optical microcavity refractive index sensor of claim 1, wherein a crescent-shaped gold layer is plated on the surface of the whispering gallery mode spherical optical microcavity using vacuum thermal evaporation.
6. The surface plasmon-based whispering gallery mode spherical optical microcavity refractive index sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the gold layer at the central location is 10-200 nm thick.
7. A measuring device of a whispering gallery mode spherical optical microcavity refractive index sensor based on surface plasma is characterized by comprising a broad spectrum light source, a spectrum analyzer, an input/output single mode fiber and the whispering gallery mode spherical optical microcavity refractive index sensor based on surface plasma as claimed in one of claims 1 to 6, wherein two ends of the micro-nano fiber of the whispering gallery mode spherical optical microcavity refractive index sensor based on surface plasma are respectively connected with the broad spectrum light source through the input single mode fiber and the spectrum analyzer through the output single mode fiber; light output by the wide-spectrum light source is coupled into the spherical optical microcavity through the micro-nano optical fiber, surface plasma is excited in the gold-plated layer area, then the light is coupled back to the micro-nano optical fiber again and is input into the spectrum analyzer through the output single-mode optical fiber, a transmission spectrum containing resonance information is obtained, and the measurement of the refractive index of an external medium can be realized by measuring the change of the resonance wavelength of a resonance peak.
8. The device for measuring the surface plasmon-based whispering gallery mode spherical optical microcavity refractive index sensor according to claim 7, wherein both ends of the micro-nano optical fiber are fusion-connected with the input single-mode fiber and the output single-mode fiber.
9. The device for measuring the surface plasmon-based whispering gallery mode spherical optical microcavity refractive index sensor as claimed in claim 7, wherein the input single-mode fiber and the output single-mode fiber are respectively connected with the broad spectrum light source and the spectrum analyzer through fiber adapters.
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| CN112198146B (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2022-03-29 | 华中科技大学 | Up-conversion optical microcavity and application thereof |
| CN113448911B (en) * | 2021-06-03 | 2022-06-21 | 北京邮电大学 | Programmable optical hardware coherent light optimization problem calculation method |
| CN113799386A (en) * | 2021-10-08 | 2021-12-17 | 天津工业大学 | Double-coupling whispering gallery mode microcavity based on stereolithography 3D printing |
| CN114660726B (en) * | 2022-03-23 | 2023-03-10 | 中国科学技术大学 | Optical microcavity |
| CN114485985A (en) * | 2022-04-01 | 2022-05-13 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Double-parameter optical fiber sensor with cascaded microsphere cavities |
| CN115575353B (en) * | 2022-09-26 | 2023-11-07 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Optical fiber refractive index sensor based on whispering gallery mode and measuring method |
| CN115753681B (en) * | 2022-10-25 | 2024-08-20 | 广州市南沙区北科光子感知技术研究院 | Preparation method of whispering gallery resonant structure of capillary microreactor |
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| CN107807110B (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2020-02-21 | 浙江师范大学 | SPR sensor-based solution concentration detection system and preparation method of SPR sensor |
| CN208818643U (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2019-05-03 | 南京邮电大学 | One kind being based on Echo Wall thin-walled column symmetry microcavity salinity sensor |
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